For around fifty years,the regression and degradation of wetlands were considered so worrying that they were the subject of an international Convention signed on 2 February 1971,in Iran(RAMSAR).This treaty aims to con...For around fifty years,the regression and degradation of wetlands were considered so worrying that they were the subject of an international Convention signed on 2 February 1971,in Iran(RAMSAR).This treaty aims to conserve wetlands meeting criteria of international importance through the notion of rational use of these spaces and their biodiversity.The national and even international value of Lake Sidi Boughaba(Kenitra,Morocco)lies in its biodiversity which allowed its inclusion on the Ramsar list in 1980.This importance motivated us to begin an ecological assessment of the level of its pollution through spatiotemporal monitoring and analysis of physicochemical tracers from surface waters at seven sampling stations between January and December 2023.The waters of Lake Sidi Boughaba are relatively basic(pH=8.63),cold(15.14℃),very hard(64 meq/L),quite turbid(7.65 NTU),very salty(1935.85μs/cm)and well saturated with Calcium ions=312;Magnesium=605;Chlorides=5892;Sulfates=944;Silicates=26(mg/l).Other elements including nitrates(1.29 mg/l),ammonium(1.56 mg/l),fluorides(410μg/l),iron(350μg/l)and manganese(35μg/l)are low.This study concludes that Lake Sidi Boughaba is classified in the category of oligomesotrophic lakes and that it is too threatened by the progressive transformation of its fresh water into brackish water and consequently the change in its benthic and planktonic fauna necessary for food of avian fauna.The study further concludes that this wetland is under significant threat,and to protect its biodiversity,innovative approaches to hydrological development are necessary.展开更多
BACKGROUND Outcomes of early breast cancer in African women are currently not well defined.AIM To analyze survival outcomes and prognostic factors in Moroccan women with operable breast cancer treated with multimodal ...BACKGROUND Outcomes of early breast cancer in African women are currently not well defined.AIM To analyze survival outcomes and prognostic factors in Moroccan women with operable breast cancer treated with multimodal therapies.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of a large cohort of 400 patients diagnosed with nonmetastatic breast cancer who completed surgery,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy at the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat,from January 2001 to December 2003.RESULTS The mean age at diagnosis was 45 years(range:22-91 years).Surgery was performed in all cases:Mastectomy in 86%and breast-conserving surgery in 14%.Most tumors(>87%)were classified as pathologic T2 stage or higher,and axillary lymph nodes were involved in 75.5%of cases.Ninety-five percent of patients completed six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy,and all received radiotherapy.At a median follow-up of 74.5 months,the 5-year overall survival(OS)was 82.1%[95%confidence interval(CI):78.1-86.3],and the 5-year disease-free survival was 78.1%(95%CI:73.8-82.6).In univariate analysis,negative nodal status[pN-vs pN+,hazard ratio(HR)=0.34,95%CI:0.16-0.75;P=0.007]and lower American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)stage(Ⅰ-ⅡvsⅢ,HR=0.29,95%CI:0.16-0.52;P<0.001)were significantly associated with better OS.In multivariate analysis,AJCC stageⅠ-Ⅱvs stageⅢremained the strongest predictor of improved OS(HR=0.32,95%CI:0.15-0.67;P=0.002),followed by treatment with anthracyclines vs cyclophosphamide,methotrexate,fluorouracil(CMF;HR=0.58,95%CI:0.35-0.94;P=0.027).CONCLUSION Moroccan women with early breast cancer exhibited more aggressive disease compared to women in high-income countries.AJCC stageⅢwas the strongest predictor of poorer OS,followed by chemotherapy regimen(CMF vs anthracycline).A multimodal treatment approach,including surgery,systemic therapy,and radiotherapy,is essential to improve breast cancer outcomes.展开更多
Population growth and the industrial production modernization have generated considerable water needs.This consumption has led to a disproportionate discharge of untreated wastewater,directly into receiving environmen...Population growth and the industrial production modernization have generated considerable water needs.This consumption has led to a disproportionate discharge of untreated wastewater,directly into receiving environments(Oceans,Rivers,Lakes,Surfaces waters,etc.)and leads to thus promote the spread of waters-borne diseases.The main objective of our present work is the description of the pollutant load of wastewater from the city of Mechraa Belksiri(Kénitra-Morocco),to classify them and identify their composition and their intensity to seek an adequate treatment allowing their subsequent reuse and reducing their dangerousness on their receiving environment Oued Sebou.The analysis of temperature,pH,redox potential,electrical conductivity,dissolved oxygen and salinity are recorded in the field using a portable multiparametric analyzer.The wastewater samples intended for analysis in the laboratory were preserved following the general conservation protocol and handling of samples according to ISO 5667/3.Total Suspended Solids(TSS)are measured by filtration.The analysis of the BOD5 is determined using a BODmeter and the COD,according to DIN 38409-H52.Wastewater from Belksiri town has a pH of 7.2 and an average temperature of 20.5℃ and an electrical conductivity of 3145μs/cm.The average concentration of oxygen is very weak at 0.35 mg/L.Wastewater is loaded with organic matter estimated by Suspended Solid matter(average 446 mg/L),BOD5(280 mg/L)and COD(557 mg/L).The overall pollutant load of wastewater presents satisfactory biodegradability and is well prepared for suitable biological treatment with activated sludge plant.展开更多
Since it first appeared in 2022,the phenomenon referred to as Colony Collapse Disorder(CCD)has affected several regions of Morocco to varying degrees.In order to assess the possible impact of pesticides on the appeara...Since it first appeared in 2022,the phenomenon referred to as Colony Collapse Disorder(CCD)has affected several regions of Morocco to varying degrees.In order to assess the possible impact of pesticides on the appearance of this syndrome,we conducted a study aimed at evaluating the impact of pesticide use on the emergence of this syndrome through a year-long survey involving 160 beekeepers in the Beni Mellal–Khenifra Region(BKR)who also experienced an unprecedented desertion of hives during the same period.The majority of surveyed beekeepers practice mixed(45%)or migratory beekeeping(42%)and provide supplementary feeding(83.75%)to support their bees.Nearly 37.5%of the hives are located near crops treated with pesticides,exposing the bees to these chemicals.The results showed that the majority of beekeepers reported a cessation of queen laying(74.38%),high mortality rates among worker bees(81.25%),drones(65.63%),and queens(61.88%).Abnormal behaviors such as immobility with trembling(42.50%),reduced flights(47.50%),and disoriented navigation(28.75%)were also observed.Correlation analyses indicate that proximity to treated crops significantly increases the risk of queen laying cessation(Odds Ratio 6.0)and a reduction in waggle dances(Odds Ratio 2.41).Extended foraging flights show a borderline statistical significance(Odds Ratio 2.33),suggesting a disruption of natural food sources.These results highlight the potential impact of pesticides on colony health and bee behavior,pointing out the need to adapt beekeeping practices and implement protective measures against pesticides.展开更多
This paper reports on the composition of fungal communities occurring on diseased tissues of Catharanthus roseus,which differed between organs.In total,ten different filamentous fungi were isolated,and the percentage ...This paper reports on the composition of fungal communities occurring on diseased tissues of Catharanthus roseus,which differed between organs.In total,ten different filamentous fungi were isolated,and the percentage of isolation varied significantly among the organs.Botrytis cinerea was the most prevalent fungus found on the plant’s aboveground parts,with a frequency exceeding 50%.On twigs,the occurrence rate was 95.6%.It was isolated from leaves with a frequency of 88%,followed by Aspergillus niger(71.66%),Alternaria alternata(67.33%),Cladosporium herbarum(61%),Fusarium oxysporum(50.66%),Epicoccum nigrum(57.66%),Curvularia lunata(49.66%),Trichoderma harzianum(40%),and Penicillium sp.(27%).Whereas,Fusarium genus was more represented and six species were recorded:F.subglutinans(26%),F.chlamydosporium(20%),F.vertillioides(15.66%),F.solani(10%),F.oxysporum and F.nivale.Results highlighted dissimilar distribution of Fusarium species was noted on Catharanthus tissues on which F.subglutinas,F.chlamydosporium and F.oxysporum coexist on leaves and roots while F.solani was retrieved from leaves against F.nivale from roots.The floral buds and pods harbored opportunist fungi such as B.cinerea,Alternaria alternata and E.nigrum.On roots,Aspergillus,Penicillium and Fusarium were the main genera occurring with the frequencies of 26%(F.chlamydosporium),40%(F.nivale),72.33%(A.niger),47.66%(A.flavus)and 37.66%(A.fumigatus).But no fungal species were detected on seeds of Catharanthus roseus.This is the first study to describe and enumerate the fungal complex associated with various symptoms on the aerial parts of Catharanthus roseus.展开更多
The genus Lilium comprises 119 taxa,primarily native to temperate and alpine regions of the Northern Hemisphere,extending to the northern Philippines.In this study,we report the first occurrence of Lilium candidum L.i...The genus Lilium comprises 119 taxa,primarily native to temperate and alpine regions of the Northern Hemisphere,extending to the northern Philippines.In this study,we report the first occurrence of Lilium candidum L.in Morocco,specifically in the jbel Sidi Ali El Jawzi area,within the territorial commune of Asjen,Ouezzane Province(Pre-Rif region).During a botanical survey conducted in May 2022,a population of L.candidum was identified,marking its first recorded presence in the country.Morphological characteristics were analyzed and compared with existing descriptions in the literature to confirm species identification.The species was found in a humid microclimate with calcareous soils,suggesting specific ecological requirements that facilitated its establishment.This unexpected discovery raises several questions regarding its biogeographical history,potential introduction pathways,and adaptation mechanisms in the Moroccan environment.Given its limited distribution and ecological specificity,its conservation status should be carefully evaluated,as human activities,habitat disturbance,and climate change may pose significant threats.Further studies,including genetic analyses and ecological monitoring,are needed to determine its origin,assess population stability,and establish conservation strategies.The presence of L.candidum in the Pre-Rif region expands the known distribution of the species and highlights the importance of continuous botanical exploration in North Africa,particularly in understudied mountainous ecosystems.展开更多
Objective:This study aims to outline the background of advanced nursing practice(ANP),potential issues,and the prospects for its establishment in the Moroccan health care system.Methods:A review was performed with dat...Objective:This study aims to outline the background of advanced nursing practice(ANP),potential issues,and the prospects for its establishment in the Moroccan health care system.Methods:A review was performed with databases that included articles published between 2016 and 2023.Results:The study found 14 articles agreeing that ANP is a solution to the shortage of medical and nursing staff.Moreover,its establishment in the Moroccan health care system is subject to many challenges,which require an in-depth study.Conclusions:The training of advanced practice nurse(APN)is needed to meet the requirements of the national health care system.It can be incorporated if the context is examined,considering all the challenges that may arise when implementing this program.展开更多
The Mekkam inlier is located 50 km southeast of the town of Taourirt,in northeastern Morocco.It offers a great opportunity for the study of Variscan magmatism in Morocco.This inlier is punctuated by small magmatic bod...The Mekkam inlier is located 50 km southeast of the town of Taourirt,in northeastern Morocco.It offers a great opportunity for the study of Variscan magmatism in Morocco.This inlier is punctuated by small magmatic bodies which we will characterize through a petrographic and geochemical study to situate this inlier in its geotectonic context.The petrographic study revealed the existence of three trends:acidic,intermediate,and basic,which are represented by facies ranging from granites to basanites,including andesites,rhyolites,trachytes,dacites,quartz microdiorites,Aplite and microgranites.All these facies have a mineralogical assemblage dominated by quartz,plagioclase,oligoclase,potassium feldspar,pyroxene,and biotite;the most abundant accessory minerals are zircon and apatite.Green hornblende is found in microdiorites and dacites.The geochemical analysis,conducted through the examination of major elements,trace elements,and rare earth elements,has uncovered the presence of two distinct magmatic series:a calc-alkaline series of the island arc type or active continental margin,and another alkaline series of syn-collision.Based on this combined data,we propose that the Mekkam sector represents a magmatic arc developed within a compressional tectonic regime located above a subduction zone,which was later followed by an intracontinental collision phase.展开更多
In Morocco,hydrological and hydrobiological surveys of wadis,river and stream are rare.In this research,we plan to attempt to characterize the physico-chemistry of surface waters of sixteen stations sampled at the lev...In Morocco,hydrological and hydrobiological surveys of wadis,river and stream are rare.In this research,we plan to attempt to characterize the physico-chemistry of surface waters of sixteen stations sampled at the level of the Sebou basin during the period 2013-2023.The diagnosis showed that this natural watercourse is highly enriched in oce-anic salts.A large fluctuation in the chemical nature of the waters was recorded,as well as electrical conductivity(EC),which oscillates between 629 and 22,766μS/cm.Hydrogen Potential ranges from 8.01 to 8.79 while remaining basic.Nitrate(NO3-)concentrations range from a maximum of 886.9 mg/l to a minimum of 0.24 mg/l.Similarly,the am-monium concentration varies from 0.04 to 15.34 mg/l.It was also noted that the waters were very rich in chloride ions(860.27 to 145.55 mg/l),in sodium Na+ion(51 to 2,530 mg/l),in sulfate ions SO4--(441.4 to 37.62 mg/l),in calcium ions Ca2+(97.6 to 1,072.8 mg/l)and in magnesium ions Mg2+(631.2 to 17.28 mg/l)which explains the high hardness of these waters.The concentrations of potassium ions(K+)range from 2.54 to 17.55 mg/l.The high alkalinity is due to the high concentrations of bicarbonate ions(75.64 to 362.34 mg/l).Our study concludes that the waters of the Sebou re-main below the irrigation threshold authorized by Moroccan law when moving away from its Atlantic estuary.They are too degraded and we suggest that urban and industrial wastewater be pre-treated as a priority to reduce natural environment.展开更多
This research pioneers the integration of geographic information systems(GIS)and 3D modeling within a virtual reality(VR)framework to assess the viability and planning of a 20 MW hybrid wind-solarphotovoltaic(PV)syste...This research pioneers the integration of geographic information systems(GIS)and 3D modeling within a virtual reality(VR)framework to assess the viability and planning of a 20 MW hybrid wind-solarphotovoltaic(PV)system connected to the local grid.The study focuses on Dakhla,Morocco,a region with vast untapped renewable energy potential.By leveraging GIS,we are innovatively analyzing geographical and environmental factors that influence optimal site selection and system design.The incorporation of VR technologies offers an unprecedented level of realism and immersion,allowing stakeholders to virtually experience the project's impact and design in a dynamic,interactive environment.This novel methodology includes extensive data collection,advanced modeling,and simulations,ensuring that the hybrid system is precisely tailored to the unique climatic and environmental conditions of Dakhla.Our analysis reveals that the region possesses a photovoltaic solar potential of approximately2400 k Wh/m^(2) per year,with an average annual wind power density of about 434 W/m^(2) at an 80-meter hub height.Productivity simulations indicate that the 20 MW hybrid system could generate approximately 60 GWh of energy per year and 1369 GWh over its 25-year lifespan.To validate these findings,we employed the System Advisor Model(SAM)software and the Global Solar Photovoltaic Atlas platform.This comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach not only provides a robust assessment of the system's feasibility but also offers valuable insights into its potential socio-economic and environmental impact.展开更多
Seawater desalination has been considered an important solution for water scarcity in coastal areas.Morocco,with its 3,500 km long coastline,has seen significant growth in population and industrial activities in recen...Seawater desalination has been considered an important solution for water scarcity in coastal areas.Morocco,with its 3,500 km long coastline,has seen significant growth in population and industrial activities in recent years.The dams that supply water to most regions of Morocco have faced periods of drought.This led the government to start a large-scale seawater desalination project that shall produce over 2 MM m^(3)/year.The most common environmental impact associated with desalination plants is the high concentration brine discharge which can alter the physical,chemical,and biological properties of the receiving water body,In fact,the increasing number of desalination plants along the coastline amplifies the potential risks that brine discharges pose to marine ecosystems.This highlights the critical need for regulations to manage pollutant concentrations in water,both at the discharge point(Effluent Standards-ES)and in the receiving environment(Ambient Standards-AS).Law 36-15,in its Article 72,grants any natural or legal person,whether public or private,the right to carry out seawater desalination to meet their own water needs or those of other users,in accordance with current legislation and regulations.However,the definition of regulations concerning marine environmental aspects and the substantial limits for discharges has not yet been specified.Indeed,these regulations will need to be developed with due consideration for the local biodiversity.These regulations should also take into account the technical criteria required to determine the compliance point and define the boundaries of the brine discharge impact zone.展开更多
Work-related stress has become an alarming reality that continues to intensify over the past decades. The pressure exerted by the work environment demands the utilization of defensive and coping strategies to deal wit...Work-related stress has become an alarming reality that continues to intensify over the past decades. The pressure exerted by the work environment demands the utilization of defensive and coping strategies to deal with it. Our study aims to explore the relationship between professional stress factors, stress symptoms, and the consumption of psychoactive substances as a defensive and coping strategy deployed to address psychological distress at work. A qualitative and quantitative study was conducted with a sample of 405 employees from a wiring manufacturing. The main professional stress factors identified were concentration, overload, long working hours, and monotony, which showed a significant correlation with PAS consumption. Women were found to be more affected by stress and tended to consume more sedatives. Among the respondents, 21.98% reported PAS consumption, with tobacco being the most commonly used (M = 2.66), followed by alcohol (M = 1.94), cannabis (M = 1.79), and sedatives (M = 1.45). There was a significant positive correlation between PAS consumption and stress symptoms {tobacco (r = 0.232*), alcohol (r = 0.305**), cannabis (r = 0.389**)}.展开更多
In addition to being among the major tiggers behind frequent earthquakes,fractures can allow surface water to infiltrate the permeable rocks,entering both shallow and deep aquifers.Occasionally,water penetrates to gre...In addition to being among the major tiggers behind frequent earthquakes,fractures can allow surface water to infiltrate the permeable rocks,entering both shallow and deep aquifers.Occasionally,water penetrates to great depths,heats up,and becomes geothermal water.Fractures similarly allow hydrothermal fluids to dissolve their chemical elements and form a mineral deposit.Given these important roles of fractures,this paper aims to map faults and fractures across the entire Moroccan territory in the form of lineaments extracted from remotely sensed images,and then analyze their spatial distribution using the fractal dimension(FD)approach,and then generate a fractal map of the entire Morocco as a guide for subsurface investigation purposes.It was found that the areas with high fractal dimension(FD˃1),considered potential groundwater recharge areas,essentially the northern Anti Atlas,the southwestern High Atlas,and the Meseta,present spatial conformity with several known mineral deposits,geothermal areas,and the epicenters of many historical earthquakes.This conformity can be a key element in expecting other unexplored mineral deposits,aquifers,or geothermal regions,as well as predicting the areas that may bear earthquake hazards in areas with high FD across the entire Moroccan territory.展开更多
The utilization of unused rooftops is a promising solution to meet the growing energy needs of urban areas.This study identifies the strategic locations for installing photovoltaic(PV)systems and assesses the energy p...The utilization of unused rooftops is a promising solution to meet the growing energy needs of urban areas.This study identifies the strategic locations for installing photovoltaic(PV)systems and assesses the energy production in Nador,Morocco,comparing various PV modules based on sunlight,while also integrating an economic analysis.A key innovation of this study lies in the novel application of LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging)point clouds combined with photogrammetric restitution,enabling the construction of a 3D model of buildings.A Boolean multicriteria analysis was implemented to determine the effective surface area of each roof,considering param-eters,such as slope,orientation,shadow,and accessibility,while excluding unsuitable buildings.A substantial area of 336 ha suitable for solar systems was identified,representing 61%of the total area of existing structures,with an average annual irradiation of 1,413.71 kWh/m^(2).The CIS(copper/indium/selenium)PV module stands out as an attractive option,offering an energy capacity of 168.56 MWp and significant energy production of 311.35 GWh.Their moderate initial cost of 376.95 million USD makes themfinancially appealing with a feasible return on investment within 10 years.Environmentally,the CIS module contributes notably to reduced CO_(2) emissions,thereby mitigating its environmental impact.By implementing the CIS module,solar energy production is expected to significantly exceed the estimated demand of the urban population.The data were integrated into a Geographic Information System to target roofs suitable for solar panels,forming the basis of an accurate solar cadastre.This study actively contributes to shaping a sustainable energy landscape by promoting environment-friendly solutions,thereby playing a role in transitioning to a more sustainable energy future in Nador.展开更多
This study comprehensively examines the multifaceted impact of climate change on Morocco’s ecological sustainability and economic development,focusing on four critical environmental stressors:water stress,deforestati...This study comprehensively examines the multifaceted impact of climate change on Morocco’s ecological sustainability and economic development,focusing on four critical environmental stressors:water stress,deforestation,greenhouse gas emissions,and rising temperatures.These interrelated factors contribute significantly to the degradation of natural ecosystems,the decline in biodiversity,reductions in carbon sequestration,and the disruption of ecological balance.Water scarcity—exacerbated by declining precipitation,excessive groundwater extraction,and rising evapotranspiration—threatens the functionality of wetlands,agricultural productivity,and the livelihoods of rural populations.Deforestation accelerates soil erosion,alters hydrological cycles,and leads to the loss of critical habitats,while greenhouse gas emissions and temperature rise intensify climate variability and increase the frequency of extreme events such as droughts and heatwaves.Using longitudinal data from the World Bank(1990-2022)and advanced econometric modeling through EViews 12 software,this study reveals that water stress and rising temperatures have a statistically significant and negative impact on GDP,indicating that climate pressures undermine Morocco’s economic performance,particularly in climate-sensitive sectors.Conversely,the findings show that deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions are positively correlated with short-term economic growth,reflecting a development pattern heavily reliant on natural resource exploitation and carbon-intensive activities,which may offer temporary gains but pose serious long-term risks to sustainability.These results underscore the urgent need for a paradigm shift toward ecosystem-based adaptation and mitigation strategies,including afforestation,wetland restoration,integrated land and water resource management,and the incorporation of climate resilience into national development frameworks.展开更多
Coastal zones are dynamic interfaces responding to complex natural processes and anthropogenic pressures.Monitoring shoreline evolution is essential for sustainable coastal management,particularly given climate change...Coastal zones are dynamic interfaces responding to complex natural processes and anthropogenic pressures.Monitoring shoreline evolution is essential for sustainable coastal management,particularly given climate change,urban expansion,and sediment flux disruption.This study investigates shoreline changes along Morocco’s northern Atlantic coast from 1990 to 2023,an area of strategic economic importance and environmental vulnerability.Landsat satellite imagery and geospatial techniques,including the Digital Shoreline Analysis System(DSAS v5.1)and the Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI),provided a high-resolution,diachronic assessment.Shoreline extraction and image enhancement were conducted with ENVI software,and change detection utilized Linear Regression Rate(LRR)and End Point Rate(EPR)indicators.Results revealed significant spatial variability:sectors like northern Moulay Bousselham and Chlihat showed pronounced accretion(+3.2 to+4.7 m/year),while areas such as Tahaddart and southern Mehdia experienced severe erosion(up to−3.4 m/year).The total net eroded area exceeds 58,000 m².Trends correlate strongly with hydrodynamic forces,upstream damming,sediment extraction,and extreme weather events,notably storms in 2014 and 2017.Findings align with studies highlighting compounded effects of sediment starvation and sea-level rise.By integrating remote sensing,time-series analysis,and uncertainty quantification,this research provides insights into the primary drivers of shoreline dynamics,emphasizing the urgent need for adaptive,evidence-based coastal management strategies,including regulation of sand mining,sediment buffer restoration,and soft-engineering solutions.展开更多
The aim of this article is to study and reveal the mineralogical composition of dune sands from the Bouarfa Figuiget region(eastern Morocco)and to find the potential source of these dune sands.The mineralogical study ...The aim of this article is to study and reveal the mineralogical composition of dune sands from the Bouarfa Figuiget region(eastern Morocco)and to find the potential source of these dune sands.The mineralogical study was made by combining field studies to collect samples and determine the facies of the surrounding area with labortory studies,including geochemical analysis(DRX analysis),morphoscopic study of the sands under a binocular magnifying glass according to the fractions making up these sands,heavy mineral extraction and analysis under a microscope,and calcimetric analysis.The results revealed two main categories of minerals in sandy deposits:light and heavy minerals.These include quartz,plagioclase feldspar,calcite platelets,and fragments of greyish,greenish,and whitish rock.Quartz was the dominant mineral.Heavy minerals include dark(opaque)minerals such as garnet,tourmaline,epidote,zircon,rutile,and rock fragments.This composition is the result of erosion,transport,and deposition processes in the crystalline sandstone and sedimentary formations of the eastern High Atlas,which feed the study area via aeolian pathways,including winds from ERG CHBI.The quartz grains in the dune sands of the eastern region,accumulated by wind action,are mainly round,matte grains of aeolian origin.The mineral associations observed show the presence of two types of sandy deposits:(1)Sand dominated by matte,round quartz grains(fraction 225μm),associated with accessory minerals(garnet,tourmaline,zircon,rutile,kyanite,and epidote),oxides(magnetite and ilmenite),and rock fragments of mixed mineral,crystalline,and sedimentary origin.(2)Totally dominant matte round quartz sand associated with iron oxides and a few rock fragments(fractions 142μm,180μm and 357μm).Sand with fraction 225μm consists almost entirely of quartz(8%)with garnets and a few rock fragments.These results suggest that the variation in the composition of the dune sands in the study area depends on the nature of the granulometric fraction studied,and therefore on the variety of sources feeding the sands studied(Chott Tigri,crystalline and sedimentary formations of the Eastern High Atlas).展开更多
Awareness of the impact of climate change,urbanization,population growth,and anthropogenic pressure on surface waters has led to the need for specialized studies on groundwater potential.Groundwater is an important so...Awareness of the impact of climate change,urbanization,population growth,and anthropogenic pressure on surface waters has led to the need for specialized studies on groundwater potential.Groundwater is an important source of freshwater,particularly in regions where surface water is scarce.With climate change,the need to rely on these waters to cope with water shortages and rising demand is becoming increasingly apparent.Remote sensing,the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP),and the Geographic Information System(GIS)are advanced spatial tools used in this study to assess groundwater potential in the Oued Lakhdar watershed,which covers an area of 1638 km2.Seven explanatory factors were selected:rainfall,lithology,soil type,slope,land use,drainage density,and lineament density.The map obtained was validated based on the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and area under the curve(AUC),giving an efficiency of 70.20%.Five classes were defined for the groundwater potential map in this basin:12.28% of the basin area was classified as very favorable,25.68% as favorable,17.71% as average,26.23% as low,and 18.09% as very low.The Regional Directorate of Agriculture in Azilal and the Oum El Rabia Water Basin Agency in Beni Mellal should use these findings to inform decision-making in land use planning and groundwater management in the Oued Lakhdar watershed.展开更多
Sustainable land management is a pressing challenge in Morocco,where environmental pressures,rapid urbanization,and informal land practices undermine legal frameworks and planning efforts.Despite progress in service d...Sustainable land management is a pressing challenge in Morocco,where environmental pressures,rapid urbanization,and informal land practices undermine legal frameworks and planning efforts.Despite progress in service digitization,land governance remains weakened by inefficiency,overlapping claims,limited environmental oversight,and poor integration between cadastral data and ecological regulations.This paper examines the environmental and institutional shortcomings of Morocco’s land management system and advocates for a shift toward digitally enabled environmental governance.Current weaknesses in administration contribute to urban sprawl,land degradation,and climate vulnerability,particularly in peri-urban and rural zones.A review of legal frameworks and planning instruments reveals gaps in enforcing environmental regulations,protecting sensitive ecosystems,and securing tenure in high-risk areas.To address these challenges,we propose a governance-centered strategy that leverages digital tools—not as technical ends,but as enablers of sustainability.Innovations such as automated verification,spatial planning systems,and simplified registration workflows can enhance the enforcement of zoning laws,prevent unauthorized construction,and facilitate climate-resilient planning.We also assess Morocco’s commitments to environmental goals,including Nationally Determined Contributions and SDGs 11,13,and 15,demonstrating the central role of sustainable land governance in achieving them.The study concludes with a roadmap for institutional reform that balances tenure security,ecological resilience,and equitable land access.Findings aim to guide policymakers,land managers,and planners in Morocco and across the MENA region,offering an integrated and adaptable model that bridges land administration with environmental protection.展开更多
Morocco,like many arid countries,is facing desertification,particularly in its southern and southeastern regions.A clear indication of this process is the movement of sand dunes in the southern part of the country.Stu...Morocco,like many arid countries,is facing desertification,particularly in its southern and southeastern regions.A clear indication of this process is the movement of sand dunes in the southern part of the country.Studying wind dynamics in this area provides insights into the conditions and processes driving desertification,including sand erosion,transport,and deposition.This study focuses on the dune sands in eastern Morocco,analyzing their granulometric properties to better understand transport mechanisms and wind dynamics in the region.Granulometric analysis was performed on various sand deposits to investigate aeolian transformations in the area.The results show that the sand deposits in the eastern region consist primarily of a well-sorted dominant granulometric fraction,along with a minor fraction.The sand grains range in size from very fine to medium(150 to 218.8μm)and are classified as having good to fairly good sorting(36 to 114.2μm).The grain size symmetry varies from weak to strong,with a range of−0.34 to 0,indicating a tendency toward either finer or coarser grains.The grain size distribution varies,ranging from platykurtic to very leptokurtic(0.7 to 2.15).The deposits display a unimodal distribution with a minor tail on both sides of the dominant mode,suggesting significant wind deflation.Five particle size classes were identified,reflecting the sands’evolution under wind dynamics.展开更多
文摘For around fifty years,the regression and degradation of wetlands were considered so worrying that they were the subject of an international Convention signed on 2 February 1971,in Iran(RAMSAR).This treaty aims to conserve wetlands meeting criteria of international importance through the notion of rational use of these spaces and their biodiversity.The national and even international value of Lake Sidi Boughaba(Kenitra,Morocco)lies in its biodiversity which allowed its inclusion on the Ramsar list in 1980.This importance motivated us to begin an ecological assessment of the level of its pollution through spatiotemporal monitoring and analysis of physicochemical tracers from surface waters at seven sampling stations between January and December 2023.The waters of Lake Sidi Boughaba are relatively basic(pH=8.63),cold(15.14℃),very hard(64 meq/L),quite turbid(7.65 NTU),very salty(1935.85μs/cm)and well saturated with Calcium ions=312;Magnesium=605;Chlorides=5892;Sulfates=944;Silicates=26(mg/l).Other elements including nitrates(1.29 mg/l),ammonium(1.56 mg/l),fluorides(410μg/l),iron(350μg/l)and manganese(35μg/l)are low.This study concludes that Lake Sidi Boughaba is classified in the category of oligomesotrophic lakes and that it is too threatened by the progressive transformation of its fresh water into brackish water and consequently the change in its benthic and planktonic fauna necessary for food of avian fauna.The study further concludes that this wetland is under significant threat,and to protect its biodiversity,innovative approaches to hydrological development are necessary.
文摘BACKGROUND Outcomes of early breast cancer in African women are currently not well defined.AIM To analyze survival outcomes and prognostic factors in Moroccan women with operable breast cancer treated with multimodal therapies.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of a large cohort of 400 patients diagnosed with nonmetastatic breast cancer who completed surgery,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy at the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat,from January 2001 to December 2003.RESULTS The mean age at diagnosis was 45 years(range:22-91 years).Surgery was performed in all cases:Mastectomy in 86%and breast-conserving surgery in 14%.Most tumors(>87%)were classified as pathologic T2 stage or higher,and axillary lymph nodes were involved in 75.5%of cases.Ninety-five percent of patients completed six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy,and all received radiotherapy.At a median follow-up of 74.5 months,the 5-year overall survival(OS)was 82.1%[95%confidence interval(CI):78.1-86.3],and the 5-year disease-free survival was 78.1%(95%CI:73.8-82.6).In univariate analysis,negative nodal status[pN-vs pN+,hazard ratio(HR)=0.34,95%CI:0.16-0.75;P=0.007]and lower American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)stage(Ⅰ-ⅡvsⅢ,HR=0.29,95%CI:0.16-0.52;P<0.001)were significantly associated with better OS.In multivariate analysis,AJCC stageⅠ-Ⅱvs stageⅢremained the strongest predictor of improved OS(HR=0.32,95%CI:0.15-0.67;P=0.002),followed by treatment with anthracyclines vs cyclophosphamide,methotrexate,fluorouracil(CMF;HR=0.58,95%CI:0.35-0.94;P=0.027).CONCLUSION Moroccan women with early breast cancer exhibited more aggressive disease compared to women in high-income countries.AJCC stageⅢwas the strongest predictor of poorer OS,followed by chemotherapy regimen(CMF vs anthracycline).A multimodal treatment approach,including surgery,systemic therapy,and radiotherapy,is essential to improve breast cancer outcomes.
文摘Population growth and the industrial production modernization have generated considerable water needs.This consumption has led to a disproportionate discharge of untreated wastewater,directly into receiving environments(Oceans,Rivers,Lakes,Surfaces waters,etc.)and leads to thus promote the spread of waters-borne diseases.The main objective of our present work is the description of the pollutant load of wastewater from the city of Mechraa Belksiri(Kénitra-Morocco),to classify them and identify their composition and their intensity to seek an adequate treatment allowing their subsequent reuse and reducing their dangerousness on their receiving environment Oued Sebou.The analysis of temperature,pH,redox potential,electrical conductivity,dissolved oxygen and salinity are recorded in the field using a portable multiparametric analyzer.The wastewater samples intended for analysis in the laboratory were preserved following the general conservation protocol and handling of samples according to ISO 5667/3.Total Suspended Solids(TSS)are measured by filtration.The analysis of the BOD5 is determined using a BODmeter and the COD,according to DIN 38409-H52.Wastewater from Belksiri town has a pH of 7.2 and an average temperature of 20.5℃ and an electrical conductivity of 3145μs/cm.The average concentration of oxygen is very weak at 0.35 mg/L.Wastewater is loaded with organic matter estimated by Suspended Solid matter(average 446 mg/L),BOD5(280 mg/L)and COD(557 mg/L).The overall pollutant load of wastewater presents satisfactory biodegradability and is well prepared for suitable biological treatment with activated sludge plant.
文摘Since it first appeared in 2022,the phenomenon referred to as Colony Collapse Disorder(CCD)has affected several regions of Morocco to varying degrees.In order to assess the possible impact of pesticides on the appearance of this syndrome,we conducted a study aimed at evaluating the impact of pesticide use on the emergence of this syndrome through a year-long survey involving 160 beekeepers in the Beni Mellal–Khenifra Region(BKR)who also experienced an unprecedented desertion of hives during the same period.The majority of surveyed beekeepers practice mixed(45%)or migratory beekeeping(42%)and provide supplementary feeding(83.75%)to support their bees.Nearly 37.5%of the hives are located near crops treated with pesticides,exposing the bees to these chemicals.The results showed that the majority of beekeepers reported a cessation of queen laying(74.38%),high mortality rates among worker bees(81.25%),drones(65.63%),and queens(61.88%).Abnormal behaviors such as immobility with trembling(42.50%),reduced flights(47.50%),and disoriented navigation(28.75%)were also observed.Correlation analyses indicate that proximity to treated crops significantly increases the risk of queen laying cessation(Odds Ratio 6.0)and a reduction in waggle dances(Odds Ratio 2.41).Extended foraging flights show a borderline statistical significance(Odds Ratio 2.33),suggesting a disruption of natural food sources.These results highlight the potential impact of pesticides on colony health and bee behavior,pointing out the need to adapt beekeeping practices and implement protective measures against pesticides.
文摘This paper reports on the composition of fungal communities occurring on diseased tissues of Catharanthus roseus,which differed between organs.In total,ten different filamentous fungi were isolated,and the percentage of isolation varied significantly among the organs.Botrytis cinerea was the most prevalent fungus found on the plant’s aboveground parts,with a frequency exceeding 50%.On twigs,the occurrence rate was 95.6%.It was isolated from leaves with a frequency of 88%,followed by Aspergillus niger(71.66%),Alternaria alternata(67.33%),Cladosporium herbarum(61%),Fusarium oxysporum(50.66%),Epicoccum nigrum(57.66%),Curvularia lunata(49.66%),Trichoderma harzianum(40%),and Penicillium sp.(27%).Whereas,Fusarium genus was more represented and six species were recorded:F.subglutinans(26%),F.chlamydosporium(20%),F.vertillioides(15.66%),F.solani(10%),F.oxysporum and F.nivale.Results highlighted dissimilar distribution of Fusarium species was noted on Catharanthus tissues on which F.subglutinas,F.chlamydosporium and F.oxysporum coexist on leaves and roots while F.solani was retrieved from leaves against F.nivale from roots.The floral buds and pods harbored opportunist fungi such as B.cinerea,Alternaria alternata and E.nigrum.On roots,Aspergillus,Penicillium and Fusarium were the main genera occurring with the frequencies of 26%(F.chlamydosporium),40%(F.nivale),72.33%(A.niger),47.66%(A.flavus)and 37.66%(A.fumigatus).But no fungal species were detected on seeds of Catharanthus roseus.This is the first study to describe and enumerate the fungal complex associated with various symptoms on the aerial parts of Catharanthus roseus.
文摘The genus Lilium comprises 119 taxa,primarily native to temperate and alpine regions of the Northern Hemisphere,extending to the northern Philippines.In this study,we report the first occurrence of Lilium candidum L.in Morocco,specifically in the jbel Sidi Ali El Jawzi area,within the territorial commune of Asjen,Ouezzane Province(Pre-Rif region).During a botanical survey conducted in May 2022,a population of L.candidum was identified,marking its first recorded presence in the country.Morphological characteristics were analyzed and compared with existing descriptions in the literature to confirm species identification.The species was found in a humid microclimate with calcareous soils,suggesting specific ecological requirements that facilitated its establishment.This unexpected discovery raises several questions regarding its biogeographical history,potential introduction pathways,and adaptation mechanisms in the Moroccan environment.Given its limited distribution and ecological specificity,its conservation status should be carefully evaluated,as human activities,habitat disturbance,and climate change may pose significant threats.Further studies,including genetic analyses and ecological monitoring,are needed to determine its origin,assess population stability,and establish conservation strategies.The presence of L.candidum in the Pre-Rif region expands the known distribution of the species and highlights the importance of continuous botanical exploration in North Africa,particularly in understudied mountainous ecosystems.
文摘Objective:This study aims to outline the background of advanced nursing practice(ANP),potential issues,and the prospects for its establishment in the Moroccan health care system.Methods:A review was performed with databases that included articles published between 2016 and 2023.Results:The study found 14 articles agreeing that ANP is a solution to the shortage of medical and nursing staff.Moreover,its establishment in the Moroccan health care system is subject to many challenges,which require an in-depth study.Conclusions:The training of advanced practice nurse(APN)is needed to meet the requirements of the national health care system.It can be incorporated if the context is examined,considering all the challenges that may arise when implementing this program.
文摘The Mekkam inlier is located 50 km southeast of the town of Taourirt,in northeastern Morocco.It offers a great opportunity for the study of Variscan magmatism in Morocco.This inlier is punctuated by small magmatic bodies which we will characterize through a petrographic and geochemical study to situate this inlier in its geotectonic context.The petrographic study revealed the existence of three trends:acidic,intermediate,and basic,which are represented by facies ranging from granites to basanites,including andesites,rhyolites,trachytes,dacites,quartz microdiorites,Aplite and microgranites.All these facies have a mineralogical assemblage dominated by quartz,plagioclase,oligoclase,potassium feldspar,pyroxene,and biotite;the most abundant accessory minerals are zircon and apatite.Green hornblende is found in microdiorites and dacites.The geochemical analysis,conducted through the examination of major elements,trace elements,and rare earth elements,has uncovered the presence of two distinct magmatic series:a calc-alkaline series of the island arc type or active continental margin,and another alkaline series of syn-collision.Based on this combined data,we propose that the Mekkam sector represents a magmatic arc developed within a compressional tectonic regime located above a subduction zone,which was later followed by an intracontinental collision phase.
文摘In Morocco,hydrological and hydrobiological surveys of wadis,river and stream are rare.In this research,we plan to attempt to characterize the physico-chemistry of surface waters of sixteen stations sampled at the level of the Sebou basin during the period 2013-2023.The diagnosis showed that this natural watercourse is highly enriched in oce-anic salts.A large fluctuation in the chemical nature of the waters was recorded,as well as electrical conductivity(EC),which oscillates between 629 and 22,766μS/cm.Hydrogen Potential ranges from 8.01 to 8.79 while remaining basic.Nitrate(NO3-)concentrations range from a maximum of 886.9 mg/l to a minimum of 0.24 mg/l.Similarly,the am-monium concentration varies from 0.04 to 15.34 mg/l.It was also noted that the waters were very rich in chloride ions(860.27 to 145.55 mg/l),in sodium Na+ion(51 to 2,530 mg/l),in sulfate ions SO4--(441.4 to 37.62 mg/l),in calcium ions Ca2+(97.6 to 1,072.8 mg/l)and in magnesium ions Mg2+(631.2 to 17.28 mg/l)which explains the high hardness of these waters.The concentrations of potassium ions(K+)range from 2.54 to 17.55 mg/l.The high alkalinity is due to the high concentrations of bicarbonate ions(75.64 to 362.34 mg/l).Our study concludes that the waters of the Sebou re-main below the irrigation threshold authorized by Moroccan law when moving away from its Atlantic estuary.They are too degraded and we suggest that urban and industrial wastewater be pre-treated as a priority to reduce natural environment.
文摘This research pioneers the integration of geographic information systems(GIS)and 3D modeling within a virtual reality(VR)framework to assess the viability and planning of a 20 MW hybrid wind-solarphotovoltaic(PV)system connected to the local grid.The study focuses on Dakhla,Morocco,a region with vast untapped renewable energy potential.By leveraging GIS,we are innovatively analyzing geographical and environmental factors that influence optimal site selection and system design.The incorporation of VR technologies offers an unprecedented level of realism and immersion,allowing stakeholders to virtually experience the project's impact and design in a dynamic,interactive environment.This novel methodology includes extensive data collection,advanced modeling,and simulations,ensuring that the hybrid system is precisely tailored to the unique climatic and environmental conditions of Dakhla.Our analysis reveals that the region possesses a photovoltaic solar potential of approximately2400 k Wh/m^(2) per year,with an average annual wind power density of about 434 W/m^(2) at an 80-meter hub height.Productivity simulations indicate that the 20 MW hybrid system could generate approximately 60 GWh of energy per year and 1369 GWh over its 25-year lifespan.To validate these findings,we employed the System Advisor Model(SAM)software and the Global Solar Photovoltaic Atlas platform.This comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach not only provides a robust assessment of the system's feasibility but also offers valuable insights into its potential socio-economic and environmental impact.
文摘Seawater desalination has been considered an important solution for water scarcity in coastal areas.Morocco,with its 3,500 km long coastline,has seen significant growth in population and industrial activities in recent years.The dams that supply water to most regions of Morocco have faced periods of drought.This led the government to start a large-scale seawater desalination project that shall produce over 2 MM m^(3)/year.The most common environmental impact associated with desalination plants is the high concentration brine discharge which can alter the physical,chemical,and biological properties of the receiving water body,In fact,the increasing number of desalination plants along the coastline amplifies the potential risks that brine discharges pose to marine ecosystems.This highlights the critical need for regulations to manage pollutant concentrations in water,both at the discharge point(Effluent Standards-ES)and in the receiving environment(Ambient Standards-AS).Law 36-15,in its Article 72,grants any natural or legal person,whether public or private,the right to carry out seawater desalination to meet their own water needs or those of other users,in accordance with current legislation and regulations.However,the definition of regulations concerning marine environmental aspects and the substantial limits for discharges has not yet been specified.Indeed,these regulations will need to be developed with due consideration for the local biodiversity.These regulations should also take into account the technical criteria required to determine the compliance point and define the boundaries of the brine discharge impact zone.
文摘Work-related stress has become an alarming reality that continues to intensify over the past decades. The pressure exerted by the work environment demands the utilization of defensive and coping strategies to deal with it. Our study aims to explore the relationship between professional stress factors, stress symptoms, and the consumption of psychoactive substances as a defensive and coping strategy deployed to address psychological distress at work. A qualitative and quantitative study was conducted with a sample of 405 employees from a wiring manufacturing. The main professional stress factors identified were concentration, overload, long working hours, and monotony, which showed a significant correlation with PAS consumption. Women were found to be more affected by stress and tended to consume more sedatives. Among the respondents, 21.98% reported PAS consumption, with tobacco being the most commonly used (M = 2.66), followed by alcohol (M = 1.94), cannabis (M = 1.79), and sedatives (M = 1.45). There was a significant positive correlation between PAS consumption and stress symptoms {tobacco (r = 0.232*), alcohol (r = 0.305**), cannabis (r = 0.389**)}.
文摘In addition to being among the major tiggers behind frequent earthquakes,fractures can allow surface water to infiltrate the permeable rocks,entering both shallow and deep aquifers.Occasionally,water penetrates to great depths,heats up,and becomes geothermal water.Fractures similarly allow hydrothermal fluids to dissolve their chemical elements and form a mineral deposit.Given these important roles of fractures,this paper aims to map faults and fractures across the entire Moroccan territory in the form of lineaments extracted from remotely sensed images,and then analyze their spatial distribution using the fractal dimension(FD)approach,and then generate a fractal map of the entire Morocco as a guide for subsurface investigation purposes.It was found that the areas with high fractal dimension(FD˃1),considered potential groundwater recharge areas,essentially the northern Anti Atlas,the southwestern High Atlas,and the Meseta,present spatial conformity with several known mineral deposits,geothermal areas,and the epicenters of many historical earthquakes.This conformity can be a key element in expecting other unexplored mineral deposits,aquifers,or geothermal regions,as well as predicting the areas that may bear earthquake hazards in areas with high FD across the entire Moroccan territory.
文摘The utilization of unused rooftops is a promising solution to meet the growing energy needs of urban areas.This study identifies the strategic locations for installing photovoltaic(PV)systems and assesses the energy production in Nador,Morocco,comparing various PV modules based on sunlight,while also integrating an economic analysis.A key innovation of this study lies in the novel application of LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging)point clouds combined with photogrammetric restitution,enabling the construction of a 3D model of buildings.A Boolean multicriteria analysis was implemented to determine the effective surface area of each roof,considering param-eters,such as slope,orientation,shadow,and accessibility,while excluding unsuitable buildings.A substantial area of 336 ha suitable for solar systems was identified,representing 61%of the total area of existing structures,with an average annual irradiation of 1,413.71 kWh/m^(2).The CIS(copper/indium/selenium)PV module stands out as an attractive option,offering an energy capacity of 168.56 MWp and significant energy production of 311.35 GWh.Their moderate initial cost of 376.95 million USD makes themfinancially appealing with a feasible return on investment within 10 years.Environmentally,the CIS module contributes notably to reduced CO_(2) emissions,thereby mitigating its environmental impact.By implementing the CIS module,solar energy production is expected to significantly exceed the estimated demand of the urban population.The data were integrated into a Geographic Information System to target roofs suitable for solar panels,forming the basis of an accurate solar cadastre.This study actively contributes to shaping a sustainable energy landscape by promoting environment-friendly solutions,thereby playing a role in transitioning to a more sustainable energy future in Nador.
文摘This study comprehensively examines the multifaceted impact of climate change on Morocco’s ecological sustainability and economic development,focusing on four critical environmental stressors:water stress,deforestation,greenhouse gas emissions,and rising temperatures.These interrelated factors contribute significantly to the degradation of natural ecosystems,the decline in biodiversity,reductions in carbon sequestration,and the disruption of ecological balance.Water scarcity—exacerbated by declining precipitation,excessive groundwater extraction,and rising evapotranspiration—threatens the functionality of wetlands,agricultural productivity,and the livelihoods of rural populations.Deforestation accelerates soil erosion,alters hydrological cycles,and leads to the loss of critical habitats,while greenhouse gas emissions and temperature rise intensify climate variability and increase the frequency of extreme events such as droughts and heatwaves.Using longitudinal data from the World Bank(1990-2022)and advanced econometric modeling through EViews 12 software,this study reveals that water stress and rising temperatures have a statistically significant and negative impact on GDP,indicating that climate pressures undermine Morocco’s economic performance,particularly in climate-sensitive sectors.Conversely,the findings show that deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions are positively correlated with short-term economic growth,reflecting a development pattern heavily reliant on natural resource exploitation and carbon-intensive activities,which may offer temporary gains but pose serious long-term risks to sustainability.These results underscore the urgent need for a paradigm shift toward ecosystem-based adaptation and mitigation strategies,including afforestation,wetland restoration,integrated land and water resource management,and the incorporation of climate resilience into national development frameworks.
文摘Coastal zones are dynamic interfaces responding to complex natural processes and anthropogenic pressures.Monitoring shoreline evolution is essential for sustainable coastal management,particularly given climate change,urban expansion,and sediment flux disruption.This study investigates shoreline changes along Morocco’s northern Atlantic coast from 1990 to 2023,an area of strategic economic importance and environmental vulnerability.Landsat satellite imagery and geospatial techniques,including the Digital Shoreline Analysis System(DSAS v5.1)and the Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI),provided a high-resolution,diachronic assessment.Shoreline extraction and image enhancement were conducted with ENVI software,and change detection utilized Linear Regression Rate(LRR)and End Point Rate(EPR)indicators.Results revealed significant spatial variability:sectors like northern Moulay Bousselham and Chlihat showed pronounced accretion(+3.2 to+4.7 m/year),while areas such as Tahaddart and southern Mehdia experienced severe erosion(up to−3.4 m/year).The total net eroded area exceeds 58,000 m².Trends correlate strongly with hydrodynamic forces,upstream damming,sediment extraction,and extreme weather events,notably storms in 2014 and 2017.Findings align with studies highlighting compounded effects of sediment starvation and sea-level rise.By integrating remote sensing,time-series analysis,and uncertainty quantification,this research provides insights into the primary drivers of shoreline dynamics,emphasizing the urgent need for adaptive,evidence-based coastal management strategies,including regulation of sand mining,sediment buffer restoration,and soft-engineering solutions.
基金supported by the Académie Hassan Ⅱ des Sciences et Techniques(Rabat,Morocco)as part of the AP-2018 project.
文摘The aim of this article is to study and reveal the mineralogical composition of dune sands from the Bouarfa Figuiget region(eastern Morocco)and to find the potential source of these dune sands.The mineralogical study was made by combining field studies to collect samples and determine the facies of the surrounding area with labortory studies,including geochemical analysis(DRX analysis),morphoscopic study of the sands under a binocular magnifying glass according to the fractions making up these sands,heavy mineral extraction and analysis under a microscope,and calcimetric analysis.The results revealed two main categories of minerals in sandy deposits:light and heavy minerals.These include quartz,plagioclase feldspar,calcite platelets,and fragments of greyish,greenish,and whitish rock.Quartz was the dominant mineral.Heavy minerals include dark(opaque)minerals such as garnet,tourmaline,epidote,zircon,rutile,and rock fragments.This composition is the result of erosion,transport,and deposition processes in the crystalline sandstone and sedimentary formations of the eastern High Atlas,which feed the study area via aeolian pathways,including winds from ERG CHBI.The quartz grains in the dune sands of the eastern region,accumulated by wind action,are mainly round,matte grains of aeolian origin.The mineral associations observed show the presence of two types of sandy deposits:(1)Sand dominated by matte,round quartz grains(fraction 225μm),associated with accessory minerals(garnet,tourmaline,zircon,rutile,kyanite,and epidote),oxides(magnetite and ilmenite),and rock fragments of mixed mineral,crystalline,and sedimentary origin.(2)Totally dominant matte round quartz sand associated with iron oxides and a few rock fragments(fractions 142μm,180μm and 357μm).Sand with fraction 225μm consists almost entirely of quartz(8%)with garnets and a few rock fragments.These results suggest that the variation in the composition of the dune sands in the study area depends on the nature of the granulometric fraction studied,and therefore on the variety of sources feeding the sands studied(Chott Tigri,crystalline and sedimentary formations of the Eastern High Atlas).
文摘Awareness of the impact of climate change,urbanization,population growth,and anthropogenic pressure on surface waters has led to the need for specialized studies on groundwater potential.Groundwater is an important source of freshwater,particularly in regions where surface water is scarce.With climate change,the need to rely on these waters to cope with water shortages and rising demand is becoming increasingly apparent.Remote sensing,the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP),and the Geographic Information System(GIS)are advanced spatial tools used in this study to assess groundwater potential in the Oued Lakhdar watershed,which covers an area of 1638 km2.Seven explanatory factors were selected:rainfall,lithology,soil type,slope,land use,drainage density,and lineament density.The map obtained was validated based on the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and area under the curve(AUC),giving an efficiency of 70.20%.Five classes were defined for the groundwater potential map in this basin:12.28% of the basin area was classified as very favorable,25.68% as favorable,17.71% as average,26.23% as low,and 18.09% as very low.The Regional Directorate of Agriculture in Azilal and the Oum El Rabia Water Basin Agency in Beni Mellal should use these findings to inform decision-making in land use planning and groundwater management in the Oued Lakhdar watershed.
文摘Sustainable land management is a pressing challenge in Morocco,where environmental pressures,rapid urbanization,and informal land practices undermine legal frameworks and planning efforts.Despite progress in service digitization,land governance remains weakened by inefficiency,overlapping claims,limited environmental oversight,and poor integration between cadastral data and ecological regulations.This paper examines the environmental and institutional shortcomings of Morocco’s land management system and advocates for a shift toward digitally enabled environmental governance.Current weaknesses in administration contribute to urban sprawl,land degradation,and climate vulnerability,particularly in peri-urban and rural zones.A review of legal frameworks and planning instruments reveals gaps in enforcing environmental regulations,protecting sensitive ecosystems,and securing tenure in high-risk areas.To address these challenges,we propose a governance-centered strategy that leverages digital tools—not as technical ends,but as enablers of sustainability.Innovations such as automated verification,spatial planning systems,and simplified registration workflows can enhance the enforcement of zoning laws,prevent unauthorized construction,and facilitate climate-resilient planning.We also assess Morocco’s commitments to environmental goals,including Nationally Determined Contributions and SDGs 11,13,and 15,demonstrating the central role of sustainable land governance in achieving them.The study concludes with a roadmap for institutional reform that balances tenure security,ecological resilience,and equitable land access.Findings aim to guide policymakers,land managers,and planners in Morocco and across the MENA region,offering an integrated and adaptable model that bridges land administration with environmental protection.
基金supported by the Académie Hassan Ⅱ des Sciences et Techniques(Rabat,Morocco)as part of the AP-2018 project.
文摘Morocco,like many arid countries,is facing desertification,particularly in its southern and southeastern regions.A clear indication of this process is the movement of sand dunes in the southern part of the country.Studying wind dynamics in this area provides insights into the conditions and processes driving desertification,including sand erosion,transport,and deposition.This study focuses on the dune sands in eastern Morocco,analyzing their granulometric properties to better understand transport mechanisms and wind dynamics in the region.Granulometric analysis was performed on various sand deposits to investigate aeolian transformations in the area.The results show that the sand deposits in the eastern region consist primarily of a well-sorted dominant granulometric fraction,along with a minor fraction.The sand grains range in size from very fine to medium(150 to 218.8μm)and are classified as having good to fairly good sorting(36 to 114.2μm).The grain size symmetry varies from weak to strong,with a range of−0.34 to 0,indicating a tendency toward either finer or coarser grains.The grain size distribution varies,ranging from platykurtic to very leptokurtic(0.7 to 2.15).The deposits display a unimodal distribution with a minor tail on both sides of the dominant mode,suggesting significant wind deflation.Five particle size classes were identified,reflecting the sands’evolution under wind dynamics.
