In this report we have evaluated metabolite and RNA profiling technologies to begin to understand the natural variation in these biomolecules found in commercial-quality, conventional (non-GM) maize hybrids. Our analy...In this report we have evaluated metabolite and RNA profiling technologies to begin to understand the natural variation in these biomolecules found in commercial-quality, conventional (non-GM) maize hybrids. Our analyses focus on mature grain, the article of commerce that is most typically subjected to the rigorous studies involved in the comparative safety assessment of GM products. We have used a population of conventionally-bred maize hybrids that derive from closely related inbred parents grown under standard field conditions across geographically similar locations. This study highlights the large amount of natural variation in metabolites and transcripts across conventional maize germplasm grown under normal field conditions, and underscores the critical need for further extensive studies before these technologies can be seriously considered for utility in the comparative safety assessment of GM crops.展开更多
Diapause is defined as a period of suspended development in insects and other invertebrates during unfavorable environmental conditions. Diapause is commonly confused with term ＂quiescence＂ as both are dormant devel...Diapause is defined as a period of suspended development in insects and other invertebrates during unfavorable environmental conditions. Diapause is commonly confused with term ＂quiescence＂ as both are dormant development stages. Here this paper aimed to review the research work done on different aspects of diapause. Attempt was made to explain definitions of diapause, incidence, stages and termination of diapause, genetic control, factors affecting diapauses, including temperature, photoperiod, moisture and food, etc..展开更多
Roses,which have been cultivated for at least 5000 years,are one of the most important ornamental crops in the world.Because of the interspecific nature and high heterozygosity in commercial roses,the genetic resource...Roses,which have been cultivated for at least 5000 years,are one of the most important ornamental crops in the world.Because of the interspecific nature and high heterozygosity in commercial roses,the genetic resources available for rose are limited.To effectively identify markers associated with QTL controlling important traits,such as disease resistance,abundant markers along the genome and careful phenotyping are required.Utilizing genotyping by sequencing technology and the strawberry genome(Fragaria vesca v2.0.a1)as a reference,we generated thousands of informative single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers.These SNPs along with known bridge simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers allowed us to create the first high-density integrated consensus map for diploid roses.Individual maps were first created for populations J06-20-14-3דLittle Chief”(J14-3×LC),J06-20-14-3דVineyard Song”(J14-3×VS)and“Old Blush”דRed Fairy”(OB×RF)and these maps were linked with 824 SNPs and 13 SSR bridge markers.The anchor SSR markers were used to determine the numbering of the rose linkage groups.The diploid consensus map has seven linkage groups(LGs),a total length of 892.2 cM,and an average distance of 0.25 cM between 3527 markers.By combining three individual populations,the marker density and the reliability of the marker order in the consensus map was improved over a single population map.Extensive synteny between the strawberry and diploid rose genomes was observed.This consensus map will serve as the tool for the discovery of marker–trait associations in rose breeding using pedigree-based analysis.The high level of conservation observed between the strawberry and rose genomes will help further comparative studies within the Rosaceae family and may aid in the identification of candidate genes within QTL regions.展开更多
Background： Despite its variety of potential applications, the wide implementation of infrared technology in cattle production faces technical, environmental and biological challenges similar to other indicators of m...Background： Despite its variety of potential applications, the wide implementation of infrared technology in cattle production faces technical, environmental and biological challenges similar to other indicators of metabolic state. Nine trials, divided into three classes （technological, environmental and biological factors） were conducted to illustrate the influence of these factors on body surface temperature assessed through infrared imaging. Results： Evaluation of technological factors indicated the following： measurements of body temperatures were strongly repeatable when taken within ]0 s; appropriateness of differing infrared camera technologies was influenced by distance to the target; and results were consistent when analysis of thermographs was compared between judges. Evaluation of environmental factors illustrated that wind and debris caused decreases in body surface temperatures without affecting metabolic rate; additionally, body surface temperature increased due to sunlight but returned to baseline values within minutes of shade exposure. Examination/investigation/exploration of animal factors demonstrated that exercise caused an increase in body surface temperature and metabolic rate. Administration of sedative and anti-sedative caused changes on body surface temperature and metabolic rate, and during late pregnancy a foetal thermal imprint was visible through abdominal infrared imaging. Conclusion： The above factors should be considered in order to standardize operational procedures for taking thermographs, thereby optimizing the use of such technology in cattle operations.展开更多
A population of common ragweed in Ontario was confirmed to be resistant to glyphosate in 2011. Group 2 [acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors] resistant common ragweed was first confirmed in Ontario in 2000. Previous...A population of common ragweed in Ontario was confirmed to be resistant to glyphosate in 2011. Group 2 [acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors] resistant common ragweed was first confirmed in Ontario in 2000. Previously, glyphosate provided excellent control of common ragweed in glyphosate resistant soybean but with the confirmation of glyphosate resistant (GR) common ragweed, alternative herbicides need to be evaluated. Eight field trials with preplant herbicides were completed over two years (2013 and 2014) in fields with confirmed GR common ragweed. Tank-mixes of glyphosate and linuron or metribuzin provided 88% - 99% and 86% - 98% control 4 weeks after application (WAA) and 80% - 92% and 80% - 95% control 8 WAA, respectively. However, these herbicides also had among the highest environmental impact of the herbicides tested. Based on the results of these studies, GR common ragweed can be controlled with residual herbicides when applied preemergence in soybean. Currently, there are no post emergence herbicides that provide adequate control of GR common ragweed, therefore, preemergence herbicides with residual are essential for full season control.展开更多
Brazil is the world leader in sugarcane production and the largest sugar exporter. Developing new varieties is one of the main factors that contribute to yield increase. In order to select the best genotypes, during t...Brazil is the world leader in sugarcane production and the largest sugar exporter. Developing new varieties is one of the main factors that contribute to yield increase. In order to select the best genotypes, during the final selection stage, varieties are tested in different environments (locations and years), and breeders need to estimate the phenotypic performance for main traits such as tons of cane yield per hectare (TCH) considering the genotype × environment interaction (GEI) effect. Geneticists and biometricians have used different methods and there is no clear consensus of the best method. In this study, we present a comparison of three methods, viz. Eberhart-Russel (ER), additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and mixed model (REML/BLUP), in a simulation study performed in the R computing environment to verify the effectiveness of each method in detecting GEI, and assess the particularities of each method from a statistical standpoint. In total, 63 cases representing different conditions were simulated, generating more than 34 million data points for analysis by each of the three methods. The results show that each method detects GEI differently in a different way, and each has some limitations. All three methods detected GEI effectively, but the mixed model showed higher sensitivity. When applying the GEI analysis, firstly it is important to verify the assumptions inherent in each method and these limitations should be taken into account when choosing the method to be used.展开更多
Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) is competitive with agronomic crops and can cause significant yield losses. Rapid adoption of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops and a concomitant increase in the reliance on glyphosat...Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) is competitive with agronomic crops and can cause significant yield losses. Rapid adoption of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops and a concomitant increase in the reliance on glyphosate for weed management has led to the evolution of GR giant ragweed in Ontario, Canada. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the level of resistance in giant ragweed biotypes from Ontario, and to evaluate the effectiveness of various postemer-gence (POST) herbicides in soybean (Glycine max L.). The effective dose (ED) to provide 50%, 80% and 95% giant ragweed control was up to 1658, 9991 and >43200 g?a.e.?ha–1 4 weeks after application (WAA), respectively. For effective control, growers would need to apply glyphosate 18 times greater than the recommended field application dose. Glyphosate applied at the recommended field dose of 900 g?a.e.?ha–1 provided up to 57% control and resulted in soybean yield equivalent to the weedy check. Cloransulam-methyl applied POST provided up to 99% control, reduced giant ragweed density 98%, reduced giant ragweed shoot dry weight 99% and resulted in soybean yield equivalent to the weedfree check. Chlorimuron-ethyl, fomesafen, imazethapyr and imazethapyr plus bentazon applied alone or with glyphosate did not provide adequate control of GR giant ragweed. Based on these results, some GR giant ragweed biotypes from Ontario have evolved a high level of resistance to glyphosate. Cloransulam-methyl applied POST was the only herbicide that provided adequate control and suggests that additional weed management tactics will need to be implemented in order to effectively manage GR giant ragweed.展开更多
Giant ragweed was the first glyphosate resistant weed identified in Canada. It is a very competetive weed in row crop production and has been found to drastically reduce yields of soybean;therefore, control of this co...Giant ragweed was the first glyphosate resistant weed identified in Canada. It is a very competetive weed in row crop production and has been found to drastically reduce yields of soybean;therefore, control of this competitive weed is essential. The objective of this study was to determine effective control options for glyphosate resistant giant ragweed in soybean with herbicides applied preplant. Eighteen herbicide combinations were evaluated in field studies conducted in 2011 and 2012 at five locations with confirmed glyphosate resistant giant ragweed. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D ester or amitrole provided the best control of glyphosate resistant giant ragweed 4 WAA. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D ester provided 98 to 99% control and was equivalent to the weed free check at all locations. Glyphosate plus amitrole provided 90% to 93% control and was equivalent to the weed free check at 4 of 5 locations. Herbicides providing residual activity provided variable control across all locations. Of the herbicides with residual activity evaluated, glyphosate plus linuron provided the best control of glyphosate resistant giant ragweed;however, control was inconsistent across locations and years. Glyphosate plus linuron provided 23% to 99% controland was equal to the weed free check at one location 8 WAA.展开更多
Giant ragweed is a very competitive weed in row crop production and has been found to drastically reduce soybean yield. In 2008, giant ragweed was the first weed species with confirmed resistance to glyphosate in Cana...Giant ragweed is a very competitive weed in row crop production and has been found to drastically reduce soybean yield. In 2008, giant ragweed was the first weed species with confirmed resistance to glyphosate in Canada. As of 2010 there were 48 locations with confirmed glyphosate resistant giant ragweed in Essex, Kent and Lambton counties. In addition, there was suspected resistance to cloransulam-methyl. The objectives of this research were 1) to conduct an expanded field survey on the distribution of glyphosate resistant giant ragweed in Ontario, 2) to determine the distribution of cloransulam-methyl resistant giant ragweed in Ontario, and 3) to determine the distribution of multiple resistant (glyphosate and cloransulam-methyl) giant ragweed in Ontario. In 2011 and 2012 giant ragweed seed was collected from 85 field sites in Essex (16), Kent (34), Lambton (23), Elgin (3), Middlesex (6), Lennox & Addington (1), Huron (1) and Brant (1) counties. In total there are 34 additional locations confirmed with glyphosate resistant giant ragweed in Ontario. There are 11 locations confirmed with cloransulam-methyl resistant giant ragweed and 5 locations with multiple resistance to both glyphosate and cloransulam-methyl. Glyphosate resistant giant ragweed has been found in 4 additional counties.展开更多
Over the last two decades, transgenic plants have moved from being solely laboratory vehicles for basic research work to providing new varieties grown on large areas throughout the world. A number of
Lycopene is a naturally occurring red carotenoid compound that is found in watermelon.Lycopene has antioxidant properties.Lycopene content,sugar content and hollowheart resistance are subject to significant genotype&#...Lycopene is a naturally occurring red carotenoid compound that is found in watermelon.Lycopene has antioxidant properties.Lycopene content,sugar content and hollowheart resistance are subject to significant genotype×environment interaction(G×E),which makes breeding for these fruit quality traits difficult.The objectives of this study were to(i)evaluate the influence of years and locations on lycopene content,sugar content and hollowheart resistance for a set of watermelon genotypes,and(ii)identify genotypes with high stability for lycopene,sugar,and hollowheart resistance.A diverse set of 40 genotypes was tested over 3 years and 8 locations across the southern United States in replicated,multi-harvest trials.Lycopene was tested in a subset of 10 genotypes.Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate stability statistics(BLUP-GGE biplot)using SASGxE and RGxE programs.There were strong effects of environment as well as G×E interaction on watermelon quality traits.On the basis of stability measures,genotypes were classified as stable or unstable for each quality trait.'Crimson Sweet'is an inbred line with high quality trait performance as well as trait stability.'Stone Mountain','Tom Watson','Crimson Sweet'and'Minilee'were among the best genotypes for lycopene content,sugar content and hollowheart resistance.We developed a stability chart based on marketable yield and average ranking generated from different stability measures for yield attributes and quality traits.The chart will assist in choosing parents for improvement of watermelon cultivars.See http://cuke.hort.ncsu.edu/cucurbit/wmelon/wmelonmain.html.展开更多
To develop better varieties for farmers and to increase overall agricultural productivity, Monsanto Company has continued to lead innovations in plant biotech, breeding and molecular breeding. In Molecular breeding, non-
Informative,portable,and efficient DNA markers have the potential to accelerate genetic gain in cotton breeding.Discovery and widespread application of DNA markers to cotton has
文摘In this report we have evaluated metabolite and RNA profiling technologies to begin to understand the natural variation in these biomolecules found in commercial-quality, conventional (non-GM) maize hybrids. Our analyses focus on mature grain, the article of commerce that is most typically subjected to the rigorous studies involved in the comparative safety assessment of GM products. We have used a population of conventionally-bred maize hybrids that derive from closely related inbred parents grown under standard field conditions across geographically similar locations. This study highlights the large amount of natural variation in metabolites and transcripts across conventional maize germplasm grown under normal field conditions, and underscores the critical need for further extensive studies before these technologies can be seriously considered for utility in the comparative safety assessment of GM crops.
文摘Diapause is defined as a period of suspended development in insects and other invertebrates during unfavorable environmental conditions. Diapause is commonly confused with term ＂quiescence＂ as both are dormant development stages. Here this paper aimed to review the research work done on different aspects of diapause. Attempt was made to explain definitions of diapause, incidence, stages and termination of diapause, genetic control, factors affecting diapauses, including temperature, photoperiod, moisture and food, etc..
基金This study was partially funded by the Robert E.Basye Endowment in Rose Genetics,the USDA’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture(NIFA)Specialty Crop Research Initiative projects,“RosBREED:Combining Disease Resistance with Horticultural Quality in New Rosaceous Cultivars”and“Combating Rose Rosette Disease:Short Term and Long Term Approaches”and the China Scholarship Council.
文摘Roses,which have been cultivated for at least 5000 years,are one of the most important ornamental crops in the world.Because of the interspecific nature and high heterozygosity in commercial roses,the genetic resources available for rose are limited.To effectively identify markers associated with QTL controlling important traits,such as disease resistance,abundant markers along the genome and careful phenotyping are required.Utilizing genotyping by sequencing technology and the strawberry genome(Fragaria vesca v2.0.a1)as a reference,we generated thousands of informative single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers.These SNPs along with known bridge simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers allowed us to create the first high-density integrated consensus map for diploid roses.Individual maps were first created for populations J06-20-14-3דLittle Chief”(J14-3×LC),J06-20-14-3דVineyard Song”(J14-3×VS)and“Old Blush”דRed Fairy”(OB×RF)and these maps were linked with 824 SNPs and 13 SSR bridge markers.The anchor SSR markers were used to determine the numbering of the rose linkage groups.The diploid consensus map has seven linkage groups(LGs),a total length of 892.2 cM,and an average distance of 0.25 cM between 3527 markers.By combining three individual populations,the marker density and the reliability of the marker order in the consensus map was improved over a single population map.Extensive synteny between the strawberry and diploid rose genomes was observed.This consensus map will serve as the tool for the discovery of marker–trait associations in rose breeding using pedigree-based analysis.The high level of conservation observed between the strawberry and rose genomes will help further comparative studies within the Rosaceae family and may aid in the identification of candidate genes within QTL regions.
基金the Beef Producers of Ontario,Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beef Cattle Research Council and Agri-Food Canada for financial support
文摘Background： Despite its variety of potential applications, the wide implementation of infrared technology in cattle production faces technical, environmental and biological challenges similar to other indicators of metabolic state. Nine trials, divided into three classes （technological, environmental and biological factors） were conducted to illustrate the influence of these factors on body surface temperature assessed through infrared imaging. Results： Evaluation of technological factors indicated the following： measurements of body temperatures were strongly repeatable when taken within ]0 s; appropriateness of differing infrared camera technologies was influenced by distance to the target; and results were consistent when analysis of thermographs was compared between judges. Evaluation of environmental factors illustrated that wind and debris caused decreases in body surface temperatures without affecting metabolic rate; additionally, body surface temperature increased due to sunlight but returned to baseline values within minutes of shade exposure. Examination/investigation/exploration of animal factors demonstrated that exercise caused an increase in body surface temperature and metabolic rate. Administration of sedative and anti-sedative caused changes on body surface temperature and metabolic rate, and during late pregnancy a foetal thermal imprint was visible through abdominal infrared imaging. Conclusion： The above factors should be considered in order to standardize operational procedures for taking thermographs, thereby optimizing the use of such technology in cattle operations.
文摘A population of common ragweed in Ontario was confirmed to be resistant to glyphosate in 2011. Group 2 [acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors] resistant common ragweed was first confirmed in Ontario in 2000. Previously, glyphosate provided excellent control of common ragweed in glyphosate resistant soybean but with the confirmation of glyphosate resistant (GR) common ragweed, alternative herbicides need to be evaluated. Eight field trials with preplant herbicides were completed over two years (2013 and 2014) in fields with confirmed GR common ragweed. Tank-mixes of glyphosate and linuron or metribuzin provided 88% - 99% and 86% - 98% control 4 weeks after application (WAA) and 80% - 92% and 80% - 95% control 8 WAA, respectively. However, these herbicides also had among the highest environmental impact of the herbicides tested. Based on the results of these studies, GR common ragweed can be controlled with residual herbicides when applied preemergence in soybean. Currently, there are no post emergence herbicides that provide adequate control of GR common ragweed, therefore, preemergence herbicides with residual are essential for full season control.
文摘Brazil is the world leader in sugarcane production and the largest sugar exporter. Developing new varieties is one of the main factors that contribute to yield increase. In order to select the best genotypes, during the final selection stage, varieties are tested in different environments (locations and years), and breeders need to estimate the phenotypic performance for main traits such as tons of cane yield per hectare (TCH) considering the genotype × environment interaction (GEI) effect. Geneticists and biometricians have used different methods and there is no clear consensus of the best method. In this study, we present a comparison of three methods, viz. Eberhart-Russel (ER), additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and mixed model (REML/BLUP), in a simulation study performed in the R computing environment to verify the effectiveness of each method in detecting GEI, and assess the particularities of each method from a statistical standpoint. In total, 63 cases representing different conditions were simulated, generating more than 34 million data points for analysis by each of the three methods. The results show that each method detects GEI differently in a different way, and each has some limitations. All three methods detected GEI effectively, but the mixed model showed higher sensitivity. When applying the GEI analysis, firstly it is important to verify the assumptions inherent in each method and these limitations should be taken into account when choosing the method to be used.
基金Funding for this project was provided in part by Monsanto Canada Inc.,the Grain Farmers of Ontario and the Agricultural Adaptation Council through the Canadian Agricultural Adaptation Program.
文摘Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) is competitive with agronomic crops and can cause significant yield losses. Rapid adoption of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops and a concomitant increase in the reliance on glyphosate for weed management has led to the evolution of GR giant ragweed in Ontario, Canada. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the level of resistance in giant ragweed biotypes from Ontario, and to evaluate the effectiveness of various postemer-gence (POST) herbicides in soybean (Glycine max L.). The effective dose (ED) to provide 50%, 80% and 95% giant ragweed control was up to 1658, 9991 and >43200 g?a.e.?ha–1 4 weeks after application (WAA), respectively. For effective control, growers would need to apply glyphosate 18 times greater than the recommended field application dose. Glyphosate applied at the recommended field dose of 900 g?a.e.?ha–1 provided up to 57% control and resulted in soybean yield equivalent to the weedy check. Cloransulam-methyl applied POST provided up to 99% control, reduced giant ragweed density 98%, reduced giant ragweed shoot dry weight 99% and resulted in soybean yield equivalent to the weedfree check. Chlorimuron-ethyl, fomesafen, imazethapyr and imazethapyr plus bentazon applied alone or with glyphosate did not provide adequate control of GR giant ragweed. Based on these results, some GR giant ragweed biotypes from Ontario have evolved a high level of resistance to glyphosate. Cloransulam-methyl applied POST was the only herbicide that provided adequate control and suggests that additional weed management tactics will need to be implemented in order to effectively manage GR giant ragweed.
基金Funding for this project was provided in part by Monsanto Canada Inc.the Grain Farmers of Ontario and the Agricultural Adaptation Council through the Canadian Agricultural Adaptation Program.
文摘Giant ragweed was the first glyphosate resistant weed identified in Canada. It is a very competetive weed in row crop production and has been found to drastically reduce yields of soybean;therefore, control of this competitive weed is essential. The objective of this study was to determine effective control options for glyphosate resistant giant ragweed in soybean with herbicides applied preplant. Eighteen herbicide combinations were evaluated in field studies conducted in 2011 and 2012 at five locations with confirmed glyphosate resistant giant ragweed. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D ester or amitrole provided the best control of glyphosate resistant giant ragweed 4 WAA. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D ester provided 98 to 99% control and was equivalent to the weed free check at all locations. Glyphosate plus amitrole provided 90% to 93% control and was equivalent to the weed free check at 4 of 5 locations. Herbicides providing residual activity provided variable control across all locations. Of the herbicides with residual activity evaluated, glyphosate plus linuron provided the best control of glyphosate resistant giant ragweed;however, control was inconsistent across locations and years. Glyphosate plus linuron provided 23% to 99% controland was equal to the weed free check at one location 8 WAA.
基金Funding for this project was provided in part by Monsanto Canada Inc.the Grain Farmers of Ontario and the Agricultural Adaptation Council through the Canadian Agricultural Adaptation Program.
文摘Giant ragweed is a very competitive weed in row crop production and has been found to drastically reduce soybean yield. In 2008, giant ragweed was the first weed species with confirmed resistance to glyphosate in Canada. As of 2010 there were 48 locations with confirmed glyphosate resistant giant ragweed in Essex, Kent and Lambton counties. In addition, there was suspected resistance to cloransulam-methyl. The objectives of this research were 1) to conduct an expanded field survey on the distribution of glyphosate resistant giant ragweed in Ontario, 2) to determine the distribution of cloransulam-methyl resistant giant ragweed in Ontario, and 3) to determine the distribution of multiple resistant (glyphosate and cloransulam-methyl) giant ragweed in Ontario. In 2011 and 2012 giant ragweed seed was collected from 85 field sites in Essex (16), Kent (34), Lambton (23), Elgin (3), Middlesex (6), Lennox & Addington (1), Huron (1) and Brant (1) counties. In total there are 34 additional locations confirmed with glyphosate resistant giant ragweed in Ontario. There are 11 locations confirmed with cloransulam-methyl resistant giant ragweed and 5 locations with multiple resistance to both glyphosate and cloransulam-methyl. Glyphosate resistant giant ragweed has been found in 4 additional counties.
文摘Over the last two decades, transgenic plants have moved from being solely laboratory vehicles for basic research work to providing new varieties grown on large areas throughout the world. A number of
文摘Lycopene is a naturally occurring red carotenoid compound that is found in watermelon.Lycopene has antioxidant properties.Lycopene content,sugar content and hollowheart resistance are subject to significant genotype×environment interaction(G×E),which makes breeding for these fruit quality traits difficult.The objectives of this study were to(i)evaluate the influence of years and locations on lycopene content,sugar content and hollowheart resistance for a set of watermelon genotypes,and(ii)identify genotypes with high stability for lycopene,sugar,and hollowheart resistance.A diverse set of 40 genotypes was tested over 3 years and 8 locations across the southern United States in replicated,multi-harvest trials.Lycopene was tested in a subset of 10 genotypes.Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate stability statistics(BLUP-GGE biplot)using SASGxE and RGxE programs.There were strong effects of environment as well as G×E interaction on watermelon quality traits.On the basis of stability measures,genotypes were classified as stable or unstable for each quality trait.'Crimson Sweet'is an inbred line with high quality trait performance as well as trait stability.'Stone Mountain','Tom Watson','Crimson Sweet'and'Minilee'were among the best genotypes for lycopene content,sugar content and hollowheart resistance.We developed a stability chart based on marketable yield and average ranking generated from different stability measures for yield attributes and quality traits.The chart will assist in choosing parents for improvement of watermelon cultivars.See http://cuke.hort.ncsu.edu/cucurbit/wmelon/wmelonmain.html.
文摘To develop better varieties for farmers and to increase overall agricultural productivity, Monsanto Company has continued to lead innovations in plant biotech, breeding and molecular breeding. In Molecular breeding, non-
文摘Informative,portable,and efficient DNA markers have the potential to accelerate genetic gain in cotton breeding.Discovery and widespread application of DNA markers to cotton has
