High-entropy alloys and ceramics containing at least five principal elements have recently received high attention for various mechanical and functional applications.The application of severe plastic deformation(SPD),...High-entropy alloys and ceramics containing at least five principal elements have recently received high attention for various mechanical and functional applications.The application of severe plastic deformation(SPD),particularly the high-pressure torsion method,combined with the CALPHAD(calculation of phase diagram) and first-principles calculations resulted in the development of numerous superfunctional high-entropy materials with superior properties compared to the normal functions of engineering materials.This article reviews the recent advances in the application of SPD to developing superfunctional high-entropy materials.These superfunctional properties include(ⅰ) ultrahigh hardness levels comparable to the hardness of ceramics in high-entropy alloys,(ⅱ) high yield strength and good hydrogen embrittlement resistance in high-entropy alloys;(ⅲ) high strength,low elastic modulus,and high biocompatibility in high-entropy alloys,(ⅳ) fast and reversible hydrogen storage in high-entropy hydrides,(ⅴ) photovoltaic performance and photocurrent generation on high-entropy semiconductors,(ⅵ) photocatalytic oxygen and hydrogen production from water splitting on high-entropy oxides and oxynitrides,and(ⅶ)CO_(2) photoreduction on high-entropy ceramics.These findings introduce SPD as not only a processing tool to improve the properties of existing high-entropy materials but also as a synthesis tool to produce novel high-entropy materials with superior properties compared with conventional engineering materials.展开更多
<span style="line-height:1.5;font-family:Verdana;">This research aims to obtain useful information for development of medical devices such as wound dressing and tissue anti-adhesive product, using a sp...<span style="line-height:1.5;font-family:Verdana;">This research aims to obtain useful information for development of medical devices such as wound dressing and tissue anti-adhesive product, using a spongy sheet composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen (Col). The spongy sheets were manufactured by freeze vacuum drying of HA and Col aqueous solution, followed by UV irradiation to introduce intermolecular crosslinks between Col molecules. These spongy sheets are referred to as Sponge-A (ratio of HA/Col = 5/1) and Sponge-B (ratio of HA/Col = 5/5). Both surfaces of Sponge-A and Sponge-B treated with UV irradiation for 15 minutes are referred to as Sponge-A-15 and Sponge-B-15, respectively. The weight change of spongy sheet was determined by immersing a peace of spongy sheet in water at 37°</span><span style="line-height:1.5;font-family:Verdana;">C</span><span style="line-height:1.5;font-family:Verdana;">. The weight of sponge-A-15 collected 1/2, 1, 3, 7 days after immersion in water was 63.5%, 62.1%, 56.6%, 54.4% of the original weight, respectively. The weight of Sponge-B-15 was 78.3%, 76.7%, 79.1%, 71.9% of the original weight, respectively. The weight change of spongy sheet was determined by immersing a peace of spongy sheet in water containing collagenase at 37°</span><span style="line-height:1.5;font-family:Verdana;">C</span><span style="line-height:1.5;font-family:Verdana;">. The weight of Sponge-A-15 collected 6, 8, 10, 12 hours after immersion in water containing collagenase (0.0005</span><span "="" style="line-height:1.5;"> </span><span style="line-height:1.5;font-family:Verdana;">w/v%) was 65.7%, 59.8%, 57.9%, 55.2% of the original weight, respectively. The weight of Sponge-B-15 was 63.5%, 52.1%, 42.0%, 43.2% of the original weight, respectively. This spongy sheet is considered to have the unique structure, where HA molecules are entrapped in an intermolecular cross-linked network structure of Col molecules. When immersed in water containing collagenase, the weight loss of spongy sheet is accelerated by easy extraction of HA molecules from the enzymatic degraded Col network structure. The performance of wound dressing and tissue anti-adhesive product is considered to depend on appropriate ratio of HA and Col, and also on appropriate rate of intermolecular crosslinks between Col molecules. These findings obtained in this study provide useful information for product development such as wound dressing and tissue anti-adhesive product.展开更多
Aminooxyacetate (AOA) is a pyridoxal phosphate antagonist that inhibits various plant enzymes (including transaminases) which require pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor and it exhibits phytotoxic and herbicidal propert...Aminooxyacetate (AOA) is a pyridoxal phosphate antagonist that inhibits various plant enzymes (including transaminases) which require pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor and it exhibits phytotoxic and herbicidal properties. We examined AOA and its analog, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">t</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-butoxycarbonyl-AOA (Boc-AOA) for phytotoxicity, interactions with weed pathogens (bioherbicides), and effects on an important pyridoxal requiring enzyme, cysteine synthase (CS, E.C. 4.2.99.8). Studies were performed on two weeds, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, hemp sesbania [</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sesbania exaltata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Raf.) Rybd. Ex A.W. Hill] and sicklepod (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Senna obtusifolia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), and two pathogens, (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Colletotrichum truncatum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Alternaria cassiae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), that are bioherbicidal agents against hemp sesbania and sicklepod, respectively. Pathogenicity tests, and assays for extractable, and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CS activities were utilized. Phytotoxicity bioassays indicated that the bulky </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">t</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-butoxycarbonyl moiety substitution on the AOA molecule did not substantially hinder expression of biological activity of Boc-AOA in these tests. Generally, spray application of the compounds to young dark-grown seedlings caused little growth effects, but root-feeding of the chemicals reduced growth (stem elongation) in both weeds. Hemp sesbania was generally more tolerant than sicklepod to these compounds. The only apparent positive interaction of the chemicals with these pathogens was the Boc-AOA:</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. truncatum </span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">combination treatment on hemp sesbania. Both compounds reduced extractable CS in the seedlings by 30%, 72 h after treatment. CS activity was reduced by 15% in hemp sesbania treated with </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. truncatum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> but increased 20% above control levels after infection of sicklepod by</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A. cassiae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. This latter effect suggests that CS may be involved in sicklepod defense mechanisms against this pathogen.展开更多
Recently the mass and the basic structure of SM Higgs boson （H^0） have been discussed by the author with obtaining asymptotic solution for the equation of motion of nonlinear Klein-Gordon type partial differential e...Recently the mass and the basic structure of SM Higgs boson （H^0） have been discussed by the author with obtaining asymptotic solution for the equation of motion of nonlinear Klein-Gordon type partial differential equation. In this paper, we will treat with above in mind： masses of glueball （GB） of ground state and of certain fo mesons, ur, Higgs boson （ur-H^0） which will consist of a number of GBs and/or fo above for respective fullerene structure, a representation of these fo mesons＇ masses by masses of n octet and GB, and transformation of ur-H^0 into H^0.展开更多
This study presents the development and characterization of a nanomechanical gas sensor array with piezoresistive detectors for a wide range of applications.The sensors,made of silicon and polymers and integrated with...This study presents the development and characterization of a nanomechanical gas sensor array with piezoresistive detectors for a wide range of applications.The sensors,made of silicon and polymers and integrated with the piezoresistive sensors on a silicon-on-insulator wafer,convert to electrical signals the stress caused by volume change of polymer induced by gas absorption.The fabrication of the sensors incorporates a process where Polymer A(Polyolefin),Polymer B(Fluorocarbon polymer)Polymer C(Acrylic resin),and Polymer D(Amino polymer),are deposited within silicon slits,demonstrating their distinct responses to various vapor species.These sensors show swift response times and efficient recovery periods,which makes them promising for real-time multiple gas and smell monitoring applications.An array of four nanomechanical sensors with polymers shows high repeatability and sensitivity when subjected to multiple gas exposure and turn-off cycles.The gas sensor arrays,effectively monitoring fish quality over several days,suggest a potential for determining optimal storage and early spoilage detection in perishables.The study demonstrates that the nanomechanical sensor array can accurately distinguish between different gas concentrations using principal component analysis,paving the way for real-time,automated multiple gas detection and analysis without human intervention.展开更多
基金the Hosokawa Powder Technology Foundation of Japan for a grantsupported by the MEXT, Japan through Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Nos. JP19H05176 and JP21H00150)in part by the MEXT, Japan through Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research Exploratory (No. JP22K18737)。
文摘High-entropy alloys and ceramics containing at least five principal elements have recently received high attention for various mechanical and functional applications.The application of severe plastic deformation(SPD),particularly the high-pressure torsion method,combined with the CALPHAD(calculation of phase diagram) and first-principles calculations resulted in the development of numerous superfunctional high-entropy materials with superior properties compared to the normal functions of engineering materials.This article reviews the recent advances in the application of SPD to developing superfunctional high-entropy materials.These superfunctional properties include(ⅰ) ultrahigh hardness levels comparable to the hardness of ceramics in high-entropy alloys,(ⅱ) high yield strength and good hydrogen embrittlement resistance in high-entropy alloys;(ⅲ) high strength,low elastic modulus,and high biocompatibility in high-entropy alloys,(ⅳ) fast and reversible hydrogen storage in high-entropy hydrides,(ⅴ) photovoltaic performance and photocurrent generation on high-entropy semiconductors,(ⅵ) photocatalytic oxygen and hydrogen production from water splitting on high-entropy oxides and oxynitrides,and(ⅶ)CO_(2) photoreduction on high-entropy ceramics.These findings introduce SPD as not only a processing tool to improve the properties of existing high-entropy materials but also as a synthesis tool to produce novel high-entropy materials with superior properties compared with conventional engineering materials.
文摘<span style="line-height:1.5;font-family:Verdana;">This research aims to obtain useful information for development of medical devices such as wound dressing and tissue anti-adhesive product, using a spongy sheet composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen (Col). The spongy sheets were manufactured by freeze vacuum drying of HA and Col aqueous solution, followed by UV irradiation to introduce intermolecular crosslinks between Col molecules. These spongy sheets are referred to as Sponge-A (ratio of HA/Col = 5/1) and Sponge-B (ratio of HA/Col = 5/5). Both surfaces of Sponge-A and Sponge-B treated with UV irradiation for 15 minutes are referred to as Sponge-A-15 and Sponge-B-15, respectively. The weight change of spongy sheet was determined by immersing a peace of spongy sheet in water at 37°</span><span style="line-height:1.5;font-family:Verdana;">C</span><span style="line-height:1.5;font-family:Verdana;">. The weight of sponge-A-15 collected 1/2, 1, 3, 7 days after immersion in water was 63.5%, 62.1%, 56.6%, 54.4% of the original weight, respectively. The weight of Sponge-B-15 was 78.3%, 76.7%, 79.1%, 71.9% of the original weight, respectively. The weight change of spongy sheet was determined by immersing a peace of spongy sheet in water containing collagenase at 37°</span><span style="line-height:1.5;font-family:Verdana;">C</span><span style="line-height:1.5;font-family:Verdana;">. The weight of Sponge-A-15 collected 6, 8, 10, 12 hours after immersion in water containing collagenase (0.0005</span><span "="" style="line-height:1.5;"> </span><span style="line-height:1.5;font-family:Verdana;">w/v%) was 65.7%, 59.8%, 57.9%, 55.2% of the original weight, respectively. The weight of Sponge-B-15 was 63.5%, 52.1%, 42.0%, 43.2% of the original weight, respectively. This spongy sheet is considered to have the unique structure, where HA molecules are entrapped in an intermolecular cross-linked network structure of Col molecules. When immersed in water containing collagenase, the weight loss of spongy sheet is accelerated by easy extraction of HA molecules from the enzymatic degraded Col network structure. The performance of wound dressing and tissue anti-adhesive product is considered to depend on appropriate ratio of HA and Col, and also on appropriate rate of intermolecular crosslinks between Col molecules. These findings obtained in this study provide useful information for product development such as wound dressing and tissue anti-adhesive product.
文摘Aminooxyacetate (AOA) is a pyridoxal phosphate antagonist that inhibits various plant enzymes (including transaminases) which require pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor and it exhibits phytotoxic and herbicidal properties. We examined AOA and its analog, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">t</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-butoxycarbonyl-AOA (Boc-AOA) for phytotoxicity, interactions with weed pathogens (bioherbicides), and effects on an important pyridoxal requiring enzyme, cysteine synthase (CS, E.C. 4.2.99.8). Studies were performed on two weeds, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, hemp sesbania [</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sesbania exaltata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Raf.) Rybd. Ex A.W. Hill] and sicklepod (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Senna obtusifolia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), and two pathogens, (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Colletotrichum truncatum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Alternaria cassiae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), that are bioherbicidal agents against hemp sesbania and sicklepod, respectively. Pathogenicity tests, and assays for extractable, and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CS activities were utilized. Phytotoxicity bioassays indicated that the bulky </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">t</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-butoxycarbonyl moiety substitution on the AOA molecule did not substantially hinder expression of biological activity of Boc-AOA in these tests. Generally, spray application of the compounds to young dark-grown seedlings caused little growth effects, but root-feeding of the chemicals reduced growth (stem elongation) in both weeds. Hemp sesbania was generally more tolerant than sicklepod to these compounds. The only apparent positive interaction of the chemicals with these pathogens was the Boc-AOA:</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. truncatum </span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">combination treatment on hemp sesbania. Both compounds reduced extractable CS in the seedlings by 30%, 72 h after treatment. CS activity was reduced by 15% in hemp sesbania treated with </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. truncatum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> but increased 20% above control levels after infection of sicklepod by</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A. cassiae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. This latter effect suggests that CS may be involved in sicklepod defense mechanisms against this pathogen.
文摘Recently the mass and the basic structure of SM Higgs boson （H^0） have been discussed by the author with obtaining asymptotic solution for the equation of motion of nonlinear Klein-Gordon type partial differential equation. In this paper, we will treat with above in mind： masses of glueball （GB） of ground state and of certain fo mesons, ur, Higgs boson （ur-H^0） which will consist of a number of GBs and/or fo above for respective fullerene structure, a representation of these fo mesons＇ masses by masses of n octet and GB, and transformation of ur-H^0 into H^0.
基金supported partly by Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas,Grant No.24H02231the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED),Grant No.JP21zf0127001+1 种基金Cross-Ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program(SIP),with funding provided by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization(NEDO)supported in part by the Micro/Nanomachining Education Center,Tohoku University.
文摘This study presents the development and characterization of a nanomechanical gas sensor array with piezoresistive detectors for a wide range of applications.The sensors,made of silicon and polymers and integrated with the piezoresistive sensors on a silicon-on-insulator wafer,convert to electrical signals the stress caused by volume change of polymer induced by gas absorption.The fabrication of the sensors incorporates a process where Polymer A(Polyolefin),Polymer B(Fluorocarbon polymer)Polymer C(Acrylic resin),and Polymer D(Amino polymer),are deposited within silicon slits,demonstrating their distinct responses to various vapor species.These sensors show swift response times and efficient recovery periods,which makes them promising for real-time multiple gas and smell monitoring applications.An array of four nanomechanical sensors with polymers shows high repeatability and sensitivity when subjected to multiple gas exposure and turn-off cycles.The gas sensor arrays,effectively monitoring fish quality over several days,suggest a potential for determining optimal storage and early spoilage detection in perishables.The study demonstrates that the nanomechanical sensor array can accurately distinguish between different gas concentrations using principal component analysis,paving the way for real-time,automated multiple gas detection and analysis without human intervention.
