Age determination of paleotsunami sediment from Lombok Island, Indonesia, and surrounding area has been carried out using the 210 Pb method in BATAN Jakarta. The basic theory of this method assumes that weathering of ...Age determination of paleotsunami sediment from Lombok Island, Indonesia, and surrounding area has been carried out using the 210 Pb method in BATAN Jakarta. The basic theory of this method assumes that weathering of sediments, including paleotsunami sediments, will result in 210 Pb enrichment. The principle of this method is to calculate 210 Pb contents accumulation in a particular sedimentation interval from the surface to the deeper buried sediments. The results are then converted into age or depositional time in years ago unit. The dating results from the paleotsunami sediments of the Gawah Pudak（S8°46’2.91’’, E115°56’34.23’’） and Gili Trawangan areas（S8°21’1.38’’, E116°2’36.6’’） indicate the Gawah Pudak sediments were deposited 37 years ago（c. in 1977）and 22 years ago（c. in 1992）. Three paleotsunami sediments from Gili Trawangan were deposited 149 years ago（c. in 1865）, 117 years ago（c. in 1897） and 42 years ago（c. in 1972）. These results are then compared to the available Indonesian earthquake catalogue data. This study reveals that paleotsunami sediments around Lombok Islands, from older to younger, were caused by the 1857 earthquake（epicentre in Bali Sea; M7; S8°00’09.45’’,E115°29’56.41’’）, 1897 earthquake（epicentre in Flores Sea;M5.5; S6°47’59.62’’, E120°48’03.5’’ or Sulu Sea earthquake; M8.5; 70 km NW of Basilan Island）, the 1975 earthquake（Nusa Tenggara; S10°6’16.61’’, E123°48’09.39’’）, 1977 earthquake（in Waingapu, Sumba; M8.0;S11°5’39.34’’, E118°27’50.86’’） and the 1992 earthquake（Flores; M7.8; S8°28’52.11’’, E121°53’44.3’’）.展开更多
The focus of the Hazus earthquake model has been largely U.S. centric due to a lack of standardized building-infrastructure data formats applicable elsewhere.In a combined effort between FEMA Region VIII and the Unive...The focus of the Hazus earthquake model has been largely U.S. centric due to a lack of standardized building-infrastructure data formats applicable elsewhere.In a combined effort between FEMA Region VIII and the Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela, the present study uses the Hazus 2.1 software to simulate earthquake loss estimations for Venezuela. Population totals and demographic distributions were developed using Oak Ridge National Labs Landscan 2008 population data and the census 2011 for Venezuela. The accuracy of the model was further enhanced for Me′rida State, located in western Venezuela, by collecting, incorporating, and developing region and specific inventories including soil maps, liquefaction and landslide susceptibility studies, demographic data, and building inventory information. We used USGS Shake Maps scenarios for two potential earthquake events with peak ground accelerations proposed within Performance Based Seismic Engineering of Buildings, VISION 2000 recommendations. The region has not witnessed an earthquake with a magnitude greater than M 7 in the last120 years. Given the historical record of seismicity and the seismotectonics in the region, it becomes increasingly important to understand the potential implications from moderate to large earthquakes in Me′rida State, Venezuela.展开更多
文摘Age determination of paleotsunami sediment from Lombok Island, Indonesia, and surrounding area has been carried out using the 210 Pb method in BATAN Jakarta. The basic theory of this method assumes that weathering of sediments, including paleotsunami sediments, will result in 210 Pb enrichment. The principle of this method is to calculate 210 Pb contents accumulation in a particular sedimentation interval from the surface to the deeper buried sediments. The results are then converted into age or depositional time in years ago unit. The dating results from the paleotsunami sediments of the Gawah Pudak（S8°46’2.91’’, E115°56’34.23’’） and Gili Trawangan areas（S8°21’1.38’’, E116°2’36.6’’） indicate the Gawah Pudak sediments were deposited 37 years ago（c. in 1977）and 22 years ago（c. in 1992）. Three paleotsunami sediments from Gili Trawangan were deposited 149 years ago（c. in 1865）, 117 years ago（c. in 1897） and 42 years ago（c. in 1972）. These results are then compared to the available Indonesian earthquake catalogue data. This study reveals that paleotsunami sediments around Lombok Islands, from older to younger, were caused by the 1857 earthquake（epicentre in Bali Sea; M7; S8°00’09.45’’,E115°29’56.41’’）, 1897 earthquake（epicentre in Flores Sea;M5.5; S6°47’59.62’’, E120°48’03.5’’ or Sulu Sea earthquake; M8.5; 70 km NW of Basilan Island）, the 1975 earthquake（Nusa Tenggara; S10°6’16.61’’, E123°48’09.39’’）, 1977 earthquake（in Waingapu, Sumba; M8.0;S11°5’39.34’’, E118°27’50.86’’） and the 1992 earthquake（Flores; M7.8; S8°28’52.11’’, E121°53’44.3’’）.
文摘The focus of the Hazus earthquake model has been largely U.S. centric due to a lack of standardized building-infrastructure data formats applicable elsewhere.In a combined effort between FEMA Region VIII and the Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela, the present study uses the Hazus 2.1 software to simulate earthquake loss estimations for Venezuela. Population totals and demographic distributions were developed using Oak Ridge National Labs Landscan 2008 population data and the census 2011 for Venezuela. The accuracy of the model was further enhanced for Me′rida State, located in western Venezuela, by collecting, incorporating, and developing region and specific inventories including soil maps, liquefaction and landslide susceptibility studies, demographic data, and building inventory information. We used USGS Shake Maps scenarios for two potential earthquake events with peak ground accelerations proposed within Performance Based Seismic Engineering of Buildings, VISION 2000 recommendations. The region has not witnessed an earthquake with a magnitude greater than M 7 in the last120 years. Given the historical record of seismicity and the seismotectonics in the region, it becomes increasingly important to understand the potential implications from moderate to large earthquakes in Me′rida State, Venezuela.
