To meet the challenge of mismatches between power supply and demand,modern buildings must schedule flexible energy loads in order to improve the efficiency of power grids.Furthermore,it is essential to understand the ...To meet the challenge of mismatches between power supply and demand,modern buildings must schedule flexible energy loads in order to improve the efficiency of power grids.Furthermore,it is essential to understand the effectiveness of flexibility management strategies under different climate conditions and extreme weather events.Using both typical and extreme weather data from cities in five major climate zones of China,this study investigates the energy flexibility potential of an office building under three short-term HVAC management strategies in the context of different climates.The results show that the peak load flexibility and overall energy performance of the three short-term strategies were affected by the surrounding climate conditions.The peak load reduction rate of the pre-cooling and zone temperature reset strategies declined linearly as outdoor temperature increased.Under extreme climate conditions,the daily peak-load time was found to be over two hours earlier than under typical conditions,and the intensive solar radiation found in the extreme conditions can weaken the correlation between peak load reduction and outdoor temperature,risking the ability of a building’s HVAC system to maintain a comfortable indoor environment.展开更多
The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,th...The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,there is a lack of empirical assessments of early opportunities for CCUS implementation in the cement sector.In this study,a comprehensive onshore and offshore source–sink matching optimization assessment framework for CCUS retrofitting in the cement industry,called the SSM-Cement framework,is proposed.The framework comprises four main modules:the cement plant suitability screening module,the storage site assessment module,the source–sink matching optimization model module,and the economic assessment module.By applying this framework to China,919 candidates are initially screened from 1132 existing cement plants.Further,603 CCUS-ready cement plants are identified,and are found to achieve a cumulative emission reduction of 18.5 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060 by meeting the CCUS feasibility conditions for constructing both onshore and offshore CO_(2) transportation routes.The levelized cost of cement(LCOC)is found to range from 30 to 96(mean 73)USD·(t cement)^(-1),while the levelized carbon avoidance cost(LCAC)ranges from^(-5) to 140(mean 88)USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).The northeastern and northwestern regions of China are considered priority areas for CCUS implementation,with the LCAC concentrated in the range of 35 to 70 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).In addition to onshore storage of 15.8 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060,offshore storage would contribute 2.7 Gt of decarbonization for coastal cement plants,with comparable LCACs around 90 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).展开更多
Poststro ke cognitive impairment is a major secondary effect of ischemic stroke in many patients;however,few options are available for the early diagnosis and treatment of this condition.The aims of this study were to...Poststro ke cognitive impairment is a major secondary effect of ischemic stroke in many patients;however,few options are available for the early diagnosis and treatment of this condition.The aims of this study were to(1)determine the specific relationship between hypoxic andα-synuclein during the occur of poststroke cognitive impairment and(2)assess whether the serum phosphorylatedα-synuclein level can be used as a biomarker for poststro ke cognitive impairment.We found that the phosphorylatedα-synuclein level was significantly increased and showed pathological aggregation around the cerebral infa rct area in a mouse model of ischemic stroke.In addition,neuronalα-synuclein phosphorylation and aggregation were observed in the brain tissue of mice subjected to chronic hypoxia,suggesting that hypoxia is the underlying cause ofα-synuclein-mediated pathology in the brains of mice with ischemic stroke.Serum phosphorylatedα-synuclein levels in patients with ischemic stroke were significantly lower than those in healt hy subjects,and were positively correlated with cognition levels in patients with ischemic stroke.Furthermore,a decrease in serum high-density lipoprotein levels in stroke patie nts was significantly correlated with a decrease in phosphorylatedα-synuclein levels.Although ischemic stroke mice did not show significant cognitive impairment or disrupted lipid metabolism 14 days after injury,some of them exhibited decreased cognitive function and reduced phosphorylatedα-synuclein levels.Taken together,our results suggest that serum phosphorylatedα-synuclein is a potential biomarker for poststroke cognitive impairment.展开更多
The mussel is one of the main cultivated species in the world.A significant challenge faced by suspension-cultured mussels is the high incidence of mussel fall-off from cultivation ropes,adversely impacting harvest yi...The mussel is one of the main cultivated species in the world.A significant challenge faced by suspension-cultured mussels is the high incidence of mussel fall-off from cultivation ropes,adversely impacting harvest yields,which have been documented at commercial mussel farms in the United Kingdom,the United States of America,Canada,Spain,New Zealand and China.Byssus is an important attachment structure for marine mussels,and weakness in byssal thread attachment is a major factor leading to mussel detachment from ropes.To investigate the relationship between genetic variability and byssal thread phenotypic characteristics in the hard-shelled mussel(Mytilus coruscus),we collected three wild populations of M.coruscus from different latitudes in the East China Sea,including the Shengsi(SS),Jiaojiang(JJ),and Fuding(FD)populations.The genetic diversity and structure of these populations were investigated using 10 microsatellite loci.The mean observed heterozygosity(Ho)in the SS population was 0.44,higher than the mean Ho values of the JJ(0.40)and FD(0.39)populations.The mean inbreeding coefficients(F_(is))in the SS population was 0.20,lower than the mean F_(is)values of the JJ(0.33)and FD populations(0.40).These results revealed that the SS population exhibited higher genetic diversity compared to the other two populations.The different numbers of private alleles(P_(a))in the three populations,ranging from 10 to 17,suggest that these populations have experienced selective pressures from various environments.Moreover,genetic differentiation was observed in the genetic distance between the SS population and the other two populations.We also examined the phenotypic characteristics of their byssal threads.There were significant differences in byssus attachment strength among the three populations,with the SS population located at the highest latitude secreting more byssal threads and exhibiting greater byssal breaking force and plaque adhesion strength,while the Fuding(FD)population located at the lowest latitude had the weakest byssal attachment.The observed differentiation in private alleles and byssus phenotypes might suggest that the three wild populations have experienced different environmental selective pressures.This study provides insight for future genetic enhancement programs aimed at improving byssus attachment in M.coruscus.展开更多
The kidney is essential for maintaining fluid,electrolyte,and metabolite homeostasis,and for regulating blood pressure.The pig serves as a valuable biomedical model for human renal physiology,offering insights across ...The kidney is essential for maintaining fluid,electrolyte,and metabolite homeostasis,and for regulating blood pressure.The pig serves as a valuable biomedical model for human renal physiology,offering insights across different physiological states.In this study,single-cell RNA sequencing was used to profile 138469 cells from 12 pig kidney samples collected during the embryonic(E),fattening(F),and pregnancy(P)periods,identifying 29 cell types.Proximal tubule(PT)cells exhibited elevated expression of metabolism-related transcription factors(TFs),including GPD1,ACAA1,and AGMAT,with validation across multiple individuals,periods,and species.Fluorescence homologous double-labeling of paraffin sections further confirmed the expression of ACAA1 and AGMAT in PT cells.Comparative analysis of pig and human kidneys revealed a high degree of similarity among corresponding cell types.Analysis of cell-type heterogeneity highlighted the diversity of thick ascending limb(TAL)cells,identifying a TAL subpopulation related to immune function.Additionally,the functional heterogeneity of kidney-resident macrophages(KRM)was explored across different anatomical sites.In the renal medulla,KRM were implicated in phagocytosis and leukocyte activation,whereas in the renal pelvis,they functioned as ligands,recruiting neutrophils with bactericidal activity to the renal pelvis to combat urinary tract infections.展开更多
Background Mobile element variants(MEVs)have a significant and complex impact on genomic diversity and phe-notypic traits.However,the quantity,distribution,and relationship with gene expression and complex traits of M...Background Mobile element variants(MEVs)have a significant and complex impact on genomic diversity and phe-notypic traits.However,the quantity,distribution,and relationship with gene expression and complex traits of MEVs in the pig genome remain poorly understood.Results We constructed the most comprehensive porcine MEV library based on high-depth whole genome sequencing(WGS)data from 747 pigs across 59 breeds worldwide.This database identified a total of 147,993 poly-morphic MEVs,including 121,099 short interspersed nuclear elements(SINEs),26,053 long interspersed nuclear elements(LINEs),802 long terminal repeats(LTRs),and 39 other transposons,among which 54%are newly discovered.We found that MEVs are unevenly distributed across the genome and are strongly influenced by negative selec-tion effects.Importantly,we identified 514,530,and 584 candidate MEVs associated with population differentiation,domestication,and breed formation,respectively.For example,a significantly differentiated MEV is located in the ATRX intron between Asian and European pigs,whereas ATRX is also differentially expressed between Asian and European pigs in muscle tissue.In addition,we identified 4,169 expressed MEVs(eMEVs)significantly associated with gene expression and 6,914 splicing MEVs(sMEVs)associated with gene splicing based on RNA-seq data from 266 porcine liver tissues.These eMEVs and sMEVs explain 6.24%and 9.47%,respectively,of the observed cis-heritability and high-light the important role of MEVs in the regulation of gene expression.Finally,we provide a high-quality SNP–MEV reference haplotype panel to impute MEV genotypes from genome-wide SNPs.Notably,we identified a candidate MEV significantly associated with total teat number,demonstrating the functionality of this reference panel.Conclusions The present investigation demonstrated the importance of MEVs in pigs in terms of population diversity,gene expression and phenotypic traits,which may provide useful resources and theoretical support for pig genetics and breeding.展开更多
Because of their effect on climate,carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),methane(CH_(4)),nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),and dimethylsulfide(DMS)are collectively designated as climate-relevant gases(CRGs).CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2)O are greenhou...Because of their effect on climate,carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),methane(CH_(4)),nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),and dimethylsulfide(DMS)are collectively designated as climate-relevant gases(CRGs).CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2)O are greenhouse gases contributing to global warming(positive climate feedback).Conversely,DMS is involved in the generation of cloud condensation nuclei,thus in the formation of clouds that cool the boundary layer by reflecting incoming solar radiation(negative climate feedback).Despite their scarcity,field observations and model results have demonstrated the essential role of polar oceans in the budget of CRGs.For example,the Southern Ocean represents a substantial CO_(2)sink but a source of N_(2)O and DMS,thereby exerting variable feedback on climate change.Unfortunately,because of the severe environmental conditions at polar latitudes,substantial knowledge gaps remain,for example on the mechanisms underlying CRGs formation or on the strength and distribution of their sources and sinks in the Southern and Arctic Oceans.Here,we review the most recent research results on the distribution,production-loss processes,and abundance variations of CRGs in the polar oceans.We list the remaining knowledge gaps and propose future directions of research on CRGs in the polar oceans,as a useful reference for future studies.展开更多
Three sandstone specimens common in rock engineering were selected to study the differences in the mechanical properties of rocks with different lithologies.The development and expansion of the internal cracks in the ...Three sandstone specimens common in rock engineering were selected to study the differences in the mechanical properties of rocks with different lithologies.The development and expansion of the internal cracks in the specimens were observed by combining the simulation system with the acoustic emission system.Through the combination of dynamic and static stresses,the deformation and damage of rocks under deep rock excavation and blasting were simulated.As the results show,the acoustic emission events of specimens with different lithologies under combined static and dynamic cyclic loading can be roughly divided into three phases:weakening,stabilizing,and surging periods.In addition,the acoustic emission characteristics of specimens with different lithologies show general consistency in different compression phases.The degree of fragmentation of specimens increases with the applied stress level;therefore,the stress level is one of the important factors influencing the damage pattern of specimens.The acoustic emission system was used to simulate the deformation and damage of rocks subjected to deep rock body excavation and engineering blasting.Cyclic dynamic perturbations under sinusoidal waves with a frequency of 5 Hz,a loading rate of 0.1 mm/min,a cyclic amplitude of 5 MPa,and a loading rate of 0.1 mm/min were applied to the three rock samples during the experiments.Among them,the fine-grained sandstones are the most sensitive to the sinusoidal cyclic perturbation,followed by the muddy siltstone and the medium-grained sandstones.On this basis,the acoustic emission energy release characteristics were analyzed,and the waveform characteristics in the damage evolution of the specimen under dynamic perturbation were studied by extracting the key points and searching for the main frequency eigenvalues.展开更多
Pigeons and certain other avian species produce a milklike secretion in their crop sacs to nourish offspring,yet the detailed processes involved are not fully elucidated.This study investigated the crop sacs of 225-da...Pigeons and certain other avian species produce a milklike secretion in their crop sacs to nourish offspring,yet the detailed processes involved are not fully elucidated.This study investigated the crop sacs of 225-day-old unpaired non-lactating male pigeons(MN)and males initiating lactation on the first day after incubation(ML).Using RNA sequencing,ribosomeprofiling,andsingle-cell transcriptome sequencing(scRNA-seq),we identified a significant up-regulation of genes associated with ribosome assembly and protein synthesis in ML compared to MN.Results from scRNA-seq analysis identified 12distinct cell types and 22 clusters,with secretory epithelial cells(SECs)exhibiting marked expression of plasma cell markers,including IGLL1 and MZB1.RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization(RNA FISH)and IgY quantification confirmed the critical role of SECs in producing endogenous IgY during lactation.We propose that fibroblast-derived BAFF signals activate SECs,mimicking B cell transformation and enhancing protein production through the unfolded protein response(UPR).These findings shed light on the cellular dynamics of pigeon milk production and contribute to a broader understanding of avian biology.展开更多
Black point is a black discoloration of the grain embryo that reduces the grain quality and commodity grade.Identifying the underlying genetic loci can facilitate the improvement of black point resistance in wheat.Her...Black point is a black discoloration of the grain embryo that reduces the grain quality and commodity grade.Identifying the underlying genetic loci can facilitate the improvement of black point resistance in wheat.Here,262 recombinant inbred lines(RILs)from the cross of Zhongmai 578/Jimai 22 were evaluated for their black point reactions in fve environments.A high-density genetic linkage map of the RIL population was constructed with the wheat 50K single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)array.Six stable QTLs for black point resistance were detected,QBp.caas-2A,QBp.caas-2B1,QBp.caas-2B2,QBp.caas-2D,QBp.caas-3A,and QBp.caas-5B,which explained 2.1-28.8%of the phenotypic variances.The resistance alleles of QBp.caas-2B1 and QBp.caas-2B2 were contributed by Zhongmai 578 while the others were from Jimai 22.QBp.caas-2B2,QBp.caas-2D and QBp.caas-3A overlapped with previously reported loci,whereas QBp.caas-2A,QBp.caas-2B1 and QBp.caas-5B are likely to be new.Five kompetitive allele-specifc PCR(KASP)markers,Kasp_2A_BP,Kasp_2B1_BP,Kasp_2B2_BP,Kasp_3A_BP,and Kasp_5B_BP,were validated in a natural population of 165 cultivars.The fndings of this study provide useful QTLs and molecular markers for the improvement of black point resistance in wheat through marker-assisted breeding.展开更多
Soft rock is one of the common geological conditions in coal mine underground water reservoir engineering.The cross-scale correlation analysis of water erosion soft lithology deterioration is very important for the sa...Soft rock is one of the common geological conditions in coal mine underground water reservoir engineering.The cross-scale correlation analysis of water erosion soft lithology deterioration is very important for the safety and stability of coal mine underground reservoir(CMUR)engineering.To address the issues of grain crowding and segmentation difficulties in cross-scale corelation analysis,as well as the limitations of traditional etching methods,this study proposes an image grain segmentation method based on deep learning algorithms,utilizing scanning electron microscopy and image process-ing techniques.The method successfully segments crowded grains and eliminates the interference from misplaced particles.In addition,indoor uniaxial compression tests were conducted to obtain the mechanical properties of sandstone samples with different water content.By quantitatively characterizing the macroscopic and microscopic deterioration degree of red sandstone samples with different water contents,the relationship between the strength changes of rock samples and the pet-rographic parameters such as grain size and grain shape is analyzed,and the influence law of soft lithology deterioration in CMUR engineering is revealed.The results indicate:(1)Water significantly weakens the mechanical properties and stability of soft rock.With increasing water content,the strength of sandstone samples continuously decreases,and the failure mode transitions from brittle to ductile failure.(2)The deterioration of micro-micro structures is the main cause of the decrease in mechanical properties of water-eroded soft rock.Grain size,grain area,and aspect ratio are negatively correlated with water content,indicating that hydrophilic minerals in soft rock dissolve under the action of water,leading to rock damage.(3)Grain size,area,and aspect ratio can serve as significant indicators for quantifying the strength changes of water-eroded soft rock.The research findings can be applied to stability assessment and disaster prevention in CMUR engineering.展开更多
α-Synuclein accumulation and transmission are vital to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease,although the mechanisms underlying misfoldedα-synuclein accumulation and propagation have not been conclusively dete...α-Synuclein accumulation and transmission are vital to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease,although the mechanisms underlying misfoldedα-synuclein accumulation and propagation have not been conclusively determined.The expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1,which is abundantly expressed in neurons and considered to be a multifunctional endocytic receptor,is elevated in the neurons of patients with Parkinson's disease.However,whether there is a direct link between low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 andα-synuclein aggregation and propagation in Parkinson's disease remains unclear.Here,we established animal models of Parkinson's disease by inoculating monkeys and mice withα-synuclein pre-formed fibrils and observed elevated low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 levels in the striatum and substantia nigra,accompanied by dopaminergic neuron loss and increasedα-synuclein levels.However,low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 knockdown efficiently rescued dopaminergic neurodegeneration and inhibited the increase inα-synuclein levels in the nigrostriatal system.In HEK293A cells overexpressingα-synuclein fragments,low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 levels were upregulated only when the N-terminus ofα-synuclein was present,whereas anα-synuclein fragment lacking the N-terminus did not lead to low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 upregulation.Furthermore,the N-terminus ofα-synuclein was found to be rich in lysine residues,and blocking lysine residues in PC12 cells treated withα-synuclein pre-formed fibrils effectively reduced the elevated low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 andα-synuclein levels.These findings indicate that low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 regulates pathological transmission ofα-synuclein from the striatum to the substantia nigra in the nigrostriatal system via lysine residues in theα-synuclein N-terminus.展开更多
Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)causes bacterial blight in rice,which reduces crop yield and leads to significant economic losses.Bacterial sigma(σ)factors are highly specialized proteins that allow RNA polymerase t...Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)causes bacterial blight in rice,which reduces crop yield and leads to significant economic losses.Bacterial sigma(σ)factors are highly specialized proteins that allow RNA polymerase to recognize and bind to specific promoters.σ^(70) factors also regulate the expression of genes involved in stress response and virulence.However,the role of RpoD in Xoo is still unclear.In this study,we found thatσ^(70) factor RpoD is quite conservative among phytopathogenic bacteria,especially in Xanthomonas sp.In Xoo,PXO_RpoD plays an important role in oxidative stress tolerance and cell motility,as well as being essential for full virulence.Cleavage under targets and tagmentation(CUT&Tag)analyses indicated that RpoD mediates the type three secretion system(T3SS)by regulating the regulation of hrpG and hrpX.By performing bacterial one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility assay(EMSA),we observed that RpoD directly bound to the promoters of hrpG and hrpX.Collectively,these results demonstrate the transcriptional mechanism and pathogenic functions of RpoD in regulating cell motility and oxidative stress response,providing novel insights into potential targets for disease control.展开更多
Longitudinal seismic performance is a critical aspect to be considered during the tunnel design process,in addition to cross-sectional considerations.The present study proposed using a laminated shear energy dissipati...Longitudinal seismic performance is a critical aspect to be considered during the tunnel design process,in addition to cross-sectional considerations.The present study proposed using a laminated shear energy dissipation(LSED)structure to achieve effective longitudinal seismic design.The proposed structure consists of thin steel plates and alternately bonded layers of rubber,which can be installed around the periphery of the secondary lining.This configuration guarantees that the tunnels will exhibit optimal axial deformation capacity and robust rigid resistance to circumferential compression from the surrounding rock.To evaluate the impact of the LSED structure on the longitudinal seismic performance of the tunnel,a fine numerical model of the LSED structureetunnel liningesurrounding rock system was developed using finite element simulation.The evaluation criteria include maximum principal stress and strain energy.The seismic response of the tunnel with the LSED structure exhibited a notable reduction of over 40%in terms of seismic attenuation rate when subjected to the Trinidad seismic wave compared to the tunnel without the LSED structure.Furthermore,the aseismic mechanism of the proposed LSED structure is discussed,considering both internal factors such as the rubber shear modulus,steel plate dimensions,and number and location of structures,and external influencing factors such as seismic wave parameters and surrounding rock quality.Meanwhile,the effectiveness of the tunnel with the LSED structure has been quantitatively demonstrated in terms of seismic fragility curves.展开更多
The effect of rolling schedules on the ridging resistance of ultra-thin ferritic stainless steel(FSS)430 foil was evaluated by studying the microstructure and texture.The results show that specimens processed with thr...The effect of rolling schedules on the ridging resistance of ultra-thin ferritic stainless steel(FSS)430 foil was evaluated by studying the microstructure and texture.The results show that specimens processed with three-pass cold rolling under the reductions of 40%,40%and 31%,respectively,exhibit improved ridging resistance owing to the microstructural refinement and the texture structure optimization.A nearly 40%reduction of ridging height can be achieved using the proposed rolling schedule compared to the other two rolling schedules.In addition,the effect of annealing temperature after cold rolling on the ridging resistance of FSS 430 foil is also found to be crucial,and an optimal annealing temperature of 900℃ is obtained for FSS 430 foil with high ridging resistance.Overall,the improvement in the ridging resistance of FSS 430 foil can be attributed to the reduction in the fraction of{001}<110>and{114}<110>components by optimization of the rolling and annealing processes.展开更多
BACKGROUND UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase(UGDH)is a key enzyme in glucuronic acid metabolism and acts as a key mediator in several cancer developmental signaling pathways.AIM To offer a more systematic and comprehensive ...BACKGROUND UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase(UGDH)is a key enzyme in glucuronic acid metabolism and acts as a key mediator in several cancer developmental signaling pathways.AIM To offer a more systematic and comprehensive elucidation of the involvement of UGDH in the onset and progression of various malignancies.METHODS The role of UGDH in cancer was investigated via public databases.The data were analyzed via various R packages and websites,including TISIDB,cBioPortal,STRING,Cytoscape,GSCALite,and CancerSEA.A rat hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)model was established via the intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine.Hematoxylin-eosin staining,Masson staining,Ki67 and UGDH immunohistochemical staining,and ARG1 immunofluorescence staining of liver tissues were performed.Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to detect UGDH expression.The UGDH gene was knocked down in Huh7 cells,and CCK8 and nude mouse tumor xenograft assays were performed.RESULTS High UGDH expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes in HCC,lung adenocarcinoma,lung squamous cell carcinoma,and sarcoma patients and is differentially expressed across molecular and immune subtypes.UGDH is primarily involved in the pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathway.Its expression is positively correlated with T helper,Tcm,and Th2 cells in most cancers.Moreover,experimental results demonstrated that UGDH expression is elevated in HCC tissues and that its downregulation inhibits HCC cell proliferation.CONCLUSION Our study revealed that UGDH could be a valuable prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in many cancers,especially liver and lung cancer.UGDH could promote HCC cell proliferation,potentially by modulating the pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathways.展开更多
Comprehensive phylogeographic insights require the integration of evidence across diverse taxa,ecosystems,and geographical regions.However,our understanding of the arid biota of the vast Asian drylands remains limited...Comprehensive phylogeographic insights require the integration of evidence across diverse taxa,ecosystems,and geographical regions.However,our understanding of the arid biota of the vast Asian drylands remains limited.Accordingly,this study combined phylogeographic analyses with ecological niche modeling to investigate patterns of diversification and demography of the Central Asian racerunner(Eremias vermiculata),a widespread lizard inhabiting arid eastern-Central Asia(AECA).Mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)sequences were obtained from 876 individuals across 113 localities,while three nuclear genes-CGNL1,MAP1A,andβ-fibint7-were sequenced from 204,170,and 138 individuals,respectively.Analyses identified four distinct mtDNA lineages corresponding to specific geographic subregions within the AECA,reflecting the topographic and ecological heterogeneity of the region.The detection of mito-nuclear discordance indicated the presence of complex evolutionary dynamics.Divergence dating placed the initial lineage splits at approximately 1.18 million years ago,coinciding with major tectonic activity and climatic aridification that likely promoted allopatric divergence.In particular,lineage diversification within the Tarim Basin suggests that recent environmental shifts may have contributed to genetic divergence.Demographic reconstructions revealed signatures of population expansion or range shifts across all lineages during the Last Glacial Maximum,signifying the combined influence of the unique topography and climate dynamics of the AECA on diversification and demographic change.These results highlight the need for fine-scale genomic investigations to clarify the mechanisms underlying mito-nuclear discordance and local adaptation.Such efforts are essential for advancing understanding of how genetic diversity in dryland taxa responds to environmental change,providing insights into the evolutionary adaptability of species in dynamic landscapes.展开更多
Climate change is expected to alter the popu-lation dynamics of pioneer tree species and their planned use in sustainable forest management,but we have a lim-ited understanding of how their demographic rates change in...Climate change is expected to alter the popu-lation dynamics of pioneer tree species and their planned use in sustainable forest management,but we have a lim-ited understanding of how their demographic rates change in response to climate changes during ecological restora-tion.Based on 12 years of demographic data for a pioneer tree species(Pinus massoniana)censused in three plots that correspond to three stages of ecological restoration in south-eastern China.We built integral projection models(IPMs)to assess vital rates(survival,growth,reproduction)and population growth in each plot,then evaluated demographic changes to simulated changes in seasonal mean temperature and precipitation in the current and previous census period.The plot representing the medium restoration stage had the highest population growth rate(λ=0.983).Mean population survival probability increased with ecological restoration,and reproduction probability was significantly suppressed at the high restoration stage.Survival is always the most important vital rate forλ,and climate affectsλprimarily via survival at each restoration stage.The current spring tem-perature was the most critical climate variable forλin the low and medium restoration stages,and previous summer temperature was most critical in the high restoration stage.Simulated warming leads to a decrease in the stochastic population growth rate(λ_(s))of P.massoniana in every stage.These findings suggest that during ecological restoration,P.massoniana responds to habitat change via modified demo-graphic performance,thus altering its response to climate change.Despite diverse responses to climate change,the persistence of P.massoniana populations is facing a wide-spread threat of warming states at each restoration stages.展开更多
The gastrointestinal tract is essential for food digestion,nutrient absorption,waste elimination,and microbial defense.Single-cell transcriptome profiling of the intestinal tract has greatly enriched our understanding...The gastrointestinal tract is essential for food digestion,nutrient absorption,waste elimination,and microbial defense.Single-cell transcriptome profiling of the intestinal tract has greatly enriched our understanding of cellular diversity,functional heterogeneity,and their importance in intestinal tract development and disease.Although such profiling has been extensively conducted in humans and mice,the single-cell gene expression landscape of the pig cecum remains unexplored.Here,single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 45572 cells obtained from seven cecal samples in pigs at four different developmental stages(days(D)30,42,150,and 730).Analysis revealed 12 major cell types and 38 subtypes,as well as their distinctive genes,transcription factors,and regulons,many of which were conserved in humans.An increase in the relative proportions of CD8^(+)T and Granzyme A(low expression)natural killer T cells(GZMA^(low)NKT)cells and a decrease in the relative proportions of epithelial stem cells,Tregs,RHEX^(+)T cells,and plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs)were noted across the developmental stages.Moreover,the post-weaning period exhibited an up-regulation in mitochondrial genes,COX2 and ND2,as well as genes involved in immune activation in multiple cell types.Cell-cell crosstalk analysis indicated that IBP6^(+)fibroblasts were the main signal senders at D30,whereas IBP6^(−)fibroblasts assumed this role at the other stages.NKT cells established interactions with epithelial cells and IBP6^(+)fibroblasts in the D730 cecum through mediation of GZMA-F2RL1/F2RL2 pairs.This study provides valuable insights into cellular heterogeneity and function in the pig cecum at different development stages.展开更多
Uniaxial compression tests and cyclic loading acoustic emission tests were conducted on 20%,40%,60%,80%,dry and saturated muddy sandstone by using a creep impact loading system to investigate the mechanical properties...Uniaxial compression tests and cyclic loading acoustic emission tests were conducted on 20%,40%,60%,80%,dry and saturated muddy sandstone by using a creep impact loading system to investigate the mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of soft rocks with different water contents under dynamic disturbance.The mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of muddy sandstones at different water contents were analysed.Results of experimental studies show that water is a key factor in the mechanical properties of rocks,softening them,increasing their porosity,reducing their brittleness and increasing their plasticity.Under uniaxial compression,the macroscopic damage characteristics of the muddy sandstone change from mono-bevel shear damage and‘X’type conjugate bevel shear damage to a roadway bottom-drum type damage as the water content increases.Dynamic perturbation has a strengthening effect on the mechanical properties of samples with 60%and less water content,and a weakening effect on samples with 80%and more water content,but the weakening effect is not obvious.Macroscopic damage characteristics of dry samples remain unchanged,water samples from shear damage and tensile–shear composite damage gradually transformed into cleavage damage,until saturation transformation monoclinic shear damage.The evolution of acoustic emission energy and event number is mainly divided into four stages:loading stage(Ⅰ),dynamic loading stage(Ⅱ),yield failure stage(Ⅲ),and post-peak stage(Ⅳ),the acoustic emission characteristics of the stages were different for different water contents.The characteristic value of acoustic emission key point frequency gradually decreases,and the damage degree of the specimen increases,corresponding to low water content—high main frequency—low damage and high water content—low main frequency—high damage.展开更多
基金National Key R&D Program of China of the 13th Five-Year Plan(No.2018YFD1100704)。
文摘To meet the challenge of mismatches between power supply and demand,modern buildings must schedule flexible energy loads in order to improve the efficiency of power grids.Furthermore,it is essential to understand the effectiveness of flexibility management strategies under different climate conditions and extreme weather events.Using both typical and extreme weather data from cities in five major climate zones of China,this study investigates the energy flexibility potential of an office building under three short-term HVAC management strategies in the context of different climates.The results show that the peak load flexibility and overall energy performance of the three short-term strategies were affected by the surrounding climate conditions.The peak load reduction rate of the pre-cooling and zone temperature reset strategies declined linearly as outdoor temperature increased.Under extreme climate conditions,the daily peak-load time was found to be over two hours earlier than under typical conditions,and the intensive solar radiation found in the extreme conditions can weaken the correlation between peak load reduction and outdoor temperature,risking the ability of a building’s HVAC system to maintain a comfortable indoor environment.
基金financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(72174196 and 71874193)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining(SKLCRSM21KFA05)National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals.
文摘The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,there is a lack of empirical assessments of early opportunities for CCUS implementation in the cement sector.In this study,a comprehensive onshore and offshore source–sink matching optimization assessment framework for CCUS retrofitting in the cement industry,called the SSM-Cement framework,is proposed.The framework comprises four main modules:the cement plant suitability screening module,the storage site assessment module,the source–sink matching optimization model module,and the economic assessment module.By applying this framework to China,919 candidates are initially screened from 1132 existing cement plants.Further,603 CCUS-ready cement plants are identified,and are found to achieve a cumulative emission reduction of 18.5 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060 by meeting the CCUS feasibility conditions for constructing both onshore and offshore CO_(2) transportation routes.The levelized cost of cement(LCOC)is found to range from 30 to 96(mean 73)USD·(t cement)^(-1),while the levelized carbon avoidance cost(LCAC)ranges from^(-5) to 140(mean 88)USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).The northeastern and northwestern regions of China are considered priority areas for CCUS implementation,with the LCAC concentrated in the range of 35 to 70 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).In addition to onshore storage of 15.8 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060,offshore storage would contribute 2.7 Gt of decarbonization for coastal cement plants,with comparable LCACs around 90 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).
基金supported by the Scientific Research Project of China Rehabilitation Research Center,No.2021zx-23the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32100925the Beijing Nova Program,No.Z211100002121038。
文摘Poststro ke cognitive impairment is a major secondary effect of ischemic stroke in many patients;however,few options are available for the early diagnosis and treatment of this condition.The aims of this study were to(1)determine the specific relationship between hypoxic andα-synuclein during the occur of poststroke cognitive impairment and(2)assess whether the serum phosphorylatedα-synuclein level can be used as a biomarker for poststro ke cognitive impairment.We found that the phosphorylatedα-synuclein level was significantly increased and showed pathological aggregation around the cerebral infa rct area in a mouse model of ischemic stroke.In addition,neuronalα-synuclein phosphorylation and aggregation were observed in the brain tissue of mice subjected to chronic hypoxia,suggesting that hypoxia is the underlying cause ofα-synuclein-mediated pathology in the brains of mice with ischemic stroke.Serum phosphorylatedα-synuclein levels in patients with ischemic stroke were significantly lower than those in healt hy subjects,and were positively correlated with cognition levels in patients with ischemic stroke.Furthermore,a decrease in serum high-density lipoprotein levels in stroke patie nts was significantly correlated with a decrease in phosphorylatedα-synuclein levels.Although ischemic stroke mice did not show significant cognitive impairment or disrupted lipid metabolism 14 days after injury,some of them exhibited decreased cognitive function and reduced phosphorylatedα-synuclein levels.Taken together,our results suggest that serum phosphorylatedα-synuclein is a potential biomarker for poststroke cognitive impairment.
文摘The mussel is one of the main cultivated species in the world.A significant challenge faced by suspension-cultured mussels is the high incidence of mussel fall-off from cultivation ropes,adversely impacting harvest yields,which have been documented at commercial mussel farms in the United Kingdom,the United States of America,Canada,Spain,New Zealand and China.Byssus is an important attachment structure for marine mussels,and weakness in byssal thread attachment is a major factor leading to mussel detachment from ropes.To investigate the relationship between genetic variability and byssal thread phenotypic characteristics in the hard-shelled mussel(Mytilus coruscus),we collected three wild populations of M.coruscus from different latitudes in the East China Sea,including the Shengsi(SS),Jiaojiang(JJ),and Fuding(FD)populations.The genetic diversity and structure of these populations were investigated using 10 microsatellite loci.The mean observed heterozygosity(Ho)in the SS population was 0.44,higher than the mean Ho values of the JJ(0.40)and FD(0.39)populations.The mean inbreeding coefficients(F_(is))in the SS population was 0.20,lower than the mean F_(is)values of the JJ(0.33)and FD populations(0.40).These results revealed that the SS population exhibited higher genetic diversity compared to the other two populations.The different numbers of private alleles(P_(a))in the three populations,ranging from 10 to 17,suggest that these populations have experienced selective pressures from various environments.Moreover,genetic differentiation was observed in the genetic distance between the SS population and the other two populations.We also examined the phenotypic characteristics of their byssal threads.There were significant differences in byssus attachment strength among the three populations,with the SS population located at the highest latitude secreting more byssal threads and exhibiting greater byssal breaking force and plaque adhesion strength,while the Fuding(FD)population located at the lowest latitude had the weakest byssal attachment.The observed differentiation in private alleles and byssus phenotypes might suggest that the three wild populations have experienced different environmental selective pressures.This study provides insight for future genetic enhancement programs aimed at improving byssus attachment in M.coruscus.
基金supported by the International Cooperation and Exchange Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32261133531)。
文摘The kidney is essential for maintaining fluid,electrolyte,and metabolite homeostasis,and for regulating blood pressure.The pig serves as a valuable biomedical model for human renal physiology,offering insights across different physiological states.In this study,single-cell RNA sequencing was used to profile 138469 cells from 12 pig kidney samples collected during the embryonic(E),fattening(F),and pregnancy(P)periods,identifying 29 cell types.Proximal tubule(PT)cells exhibited elevated expression of metabolism-related transcription factors(TFs),including GPD1,ACAA1,and AGMAT,with validation across multiple individuals,periods,and species.Fluorescence homologous double-labeling of paraffin sections further confirmed the expression of ACAA1 and AGMAT in PT cells.Comparative analysis of pig and human kidneys revealed a high degree of similarity among corresponding cell types.Analysis of cell-type heterogeneity highlighted the diversity of thick ascending limb(TAL)cells,identifying a TAL subpopulation related to immune function.Additionally,the functional heterogeneity of kidney-resident macrophages(KRM)was explored across different anatomical sites.In the renal medulla,KRM were implicated in phagocytosis and leukocyte activation,whereas in the renal pelvis,they functioned as ligands,recruiting neutrophils with bactericidal activity to the renal pelvis to combat urinary tract infections.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1000103)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZC20240620.
文摘Background Mobile element variants(MEVs)have a significant and complex impact on genomic diversity and phe-notypic traits.However,the quantity,distribution,and relationship with gene expression and complex traits of MEVs in the pig genome remain poorly understood.Results We constructed the most comprehensive porcine MEV library based on high-depth whole genome sequencing(WGS)data from 747 pigs across 59 breeds worldwide.This database identified a total of 147,993 poly-morphic MEVs,including 121,099 short interspersed nuclear elements(SINEs),26,053 long interspersed nuclear elements(LINEs),802 long terminal repeats(LTRs),and 39 other transposons,among which 54%are newly discovered.We found that MEVs are unevenly distributed across the genome and are strongly influenced by negative selec-tion effects.Importantly,we identified 514,530,and 584 candidate MEVs associated with population differentiation,domestication,and breed formation,respectively.For example,a significantly differentiated MEV is located in the ATRX intron between Asian and European pigs,whereas ATRX is also differentially expressed between Asian and European pigs in muscle tissue.In addition,we identified 4,169 expressed MEVs(eMEVs)significantly associated with gene expression and 6,914 splicing MEVs(sMEVs)associated with gene splicing based on RNA-seq data from 266 porcine liver tissues.These eMEVs and sMEVs explain 6.24%and 9.47%,respectively,of the observed cis-heritability and high-light the important role of MEVs in the regulation of gene expression.Finally,we provide a high-quality SNP–MEV reference haplotype panel to impute MEV genotypes from genome-wide SNPs.Notably,we identified a candidate MEV significantly associated with total teat number,demonstrating the functionality of this reference panel.Conclusions The present investigation demonstrated the importance of MEVs in pigs in terms of population diversity,gene expression and phenotypic traits,which may provide useful resources and theoretical support for pig genetics and breeding.
基金supported the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.4227624,42376239 and 42476253)。
文摘Because of their effect on climate,carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),methane(CH_(4)),nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),and dimethylsulfide(DMS)are collectively designated as climate-relevant gases(CRGs).CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2)O are greenhouse gases contributing to global warming(positive climate feedback).Conversely,DMS is involved in the generation of cloud condensation nuclei,thus in the formation of clouds that cool the boundary layer by reflecting incoming solar radiation(negative climate feedback).Despite their scarcity,field observations and model results have demonstrated the essential role of polar oceans in the budget of CRGs.For example,the Southern Ocean represents a substantial CO_(2)sink but a source of N_(2)O and DMS,thereby exerting variable feedback on climate change.Unfortunately,because of the severe environmental conditions at polar latitudes,substantial knowledge gaps remain,for example on the mechanisms underlying CRGs formation or on the strength and distribution of their sources and sinks in the Southern and Arctic Oceans.Here,we review the most recent research results on the distribution,production-loss processes,and abundance variations of CRGs in the polar oceans.We list the remaining knowledge gaps and propose future directions of research on CRGs in the polar oceans,as a useful reference for future studies.
基金Open Project of State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering in CUMTB,Grant/Award Number:SKLGDUEK2023National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52204101Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,Grant/Award Number:ZR2022QE137。
文摘Three sandstone specimens common in rock engineering were selected to study the differences in the mechanical properties of rocks with different lithologies.The development and expansion of the internal cracks in the specimens were observed by combining the simulation system with the acoustic emission system.Through the combination of dynamic and static stresses,the deformation and damage of rocks under deep rock excavation and blasting were simulated.As the results show,the acoustic emission events of specimens with different lithologies under combined static and dynamic cyclic loading can be roughly divided into three phases:weakening,stabilizing,and surging periods.In addition,the acoustic emission characteristics of specimens with different lithologies show general consistency in different compression phases.The degree of fragmentation of specimens increases with the applied stress level;therefore,the stress level is one of the important factors influencing the damage pattern of specimens.The acoustic emission system was used to simulate the deformation and damage of rocks subjected to deep rock body excavation and engineering blasting.Cyclic dynamic perturbations under sinusoidal waves with a frequency of 5 Hz,a loading rate of 0.1 mm/min,a cyclic amplitude of 5 MPa,and a loading rate of 0.1 mm/min were applied to the three rock samples during the experiments.Among them,the fine-grained sandstones are the most sensitive to the sinusoidal cyclic perturbation,followed by the muddy siltstone and the medium-grained sandstones.On this basis,the acoustic emission energy release characteristics were analyzed,and the waveform characteristics in the damage evolution of the specimen under dynamic perturbation were studied by extracting the key points and searching for the main frequency eigenvalues.
基金supported by the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jiangxi Province,China (JXARS-09)Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province,China (2020B1212060060)。
文摘Pigeons and certain other avian species produce a milklike secretion in their crop sacs to nourish offspring,yet the detailed processes involved are not fully elucidated.This study investigated the crop sacs of 225-day-old unpaired non-lactating male pigeons(MN)and males initiating lactation on the first day after incubation(ML).Using RNA sequencing,ribosomeprofiling,andsingle-cell transcriptome sequencing(scRNA-seq),we identified a significant up-regulation of genes associated with ribosome assembly and protein synthesis in ML compared to MN.Results from scRNA-seq analysis identified 12distinct cell types and 22 clusters,with secretory epithelial cells(SECs)exhibiting marked expression of plasma cell markers,including IGLL1 and MZB1.RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization(RNA FISH)and IgY quantification confirmed the critical role of SECs in producing endogenous IgY during lactation.We propose that fibroblast-derived BAFF signals activate SECs,mimicking B cell transformation and enhancing protein production through the unfolded protein response(UPR).These findings shed light on the cellular dynamics of pigeon milk production and contribute to a broader understanding of avian biology.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272186)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(6242031)+5 种基金the Basal Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)(S2022QH04)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1201500)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(YESS,2020QNRC001)the Modern Cold and Drought Characteristic Agricultural Seed Industry Research Project-2025,Gansu Province,China(ZYGG-2025-8)the Nanfan Special Project,CAAS(YBXM2303)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS。
文摘Black point is a black discoloration of the grain embryo that reduces the grain quality and commodity grade.Identifying the underlying genetic loci can facilitate the improvement of black point resistance in wheat.Here,262 recombinant inbred lines(RILs)from the cross of Zhongmai 578/Jimai 22 were evaluated for their black point reactions in fve environments.A high-density genetic linkage map of the RIL population was constructed with the wheat 50K single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)array.Six stable QTLs for black point resistance were detected,QBp.caas-2A,QBp.caas-2B1,QBp.caas-2B2,QBp.caas-2D,QBp.caas-3A,and QBp.caas-5B,which explained 2.1-28.8%of the phenotypic variances.The resistance alleles of QBp.caas-2B1 and QBp.caas-2B2 were contributed by Zhongmai 578 while the others were from Jimai 22.QBp.caas-2B2,QBp.caas-2D and QBp.caas-3A overlapped with previously reported loci,whereas QBp.caas-2A,QBp.caas-2B1 and QBp.caas-5B are likely to be new.Five kompetitive allele-specifc PCR(KASP)markers,Kasp_2A_BP,Kasp_2B1_BP,Kasp_2B2_BP,Kasp_3A_BP,and Kasp_5B_BP,were validated in a natural population of 165 cultivars.The fndings of this study provide useful QTLs and molecular markers for the improvement of black point resistance in wheat through marker-assisted breeding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51774196,52304093)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M741968)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2023ME086).
文摘Soft rock is one of the common geological conditions in coal mine underground water reservoir engineering.The cross-scale correlation analysis of water erosion soft lithology deterioration is very important for the safety and stability of coal mine underground reservoir(CMUR)engineering.To address the issues of grain crowding and segmentation difficulties in cross-scale corelation analysis,as well as the limitations of traditional etching methods,this study proposes an image grain segmentation method based on deep learning algorithms,utilizing scanning electron microscopy and image process-ing techniques.The method successfully segments crowded grains and eliminates the interference from misplaced particles.In addition,indoor uniaxial compression tests were conducted to obtain the mechanical properties of sandstone samples with different water content.By quantitatively characterizing the macroscopic and microscopic deterioration degree of red sandstone samples with different water contents,the relationship between the strength changes of rock samples and the pet-rographic parameters such as grain size and grain shape is analyzed,and the influence law of soft lithology deterioration in CMUR engineering is revealed.The results indicate:(1)Water significantly weakens the mechanical properties and stability of soft rock.With increasing water content,the strength of sandstone samples continuously decreases,and the failure mode transitions from brittle to ductile failure.(2)The deterioration of micro-micro structures is the main cause of the decrease in mechanical properties of water-eroded soft rock.Grain size,grain area,and aspect ratio are negatively correlated with water content,indicating that hydrophilic minerals in soft rock dissolve under the action of water,leading to rock damage.(3)Grain size,area,and aspect ratio can serve as significant indicators for quantifying the strength changes of water-eroded soft rock.The research findings can be applied to stability assessment and disaster prevention in CMUR engineering.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Automomous Region,Nos.2019GXNSFDA245015(to MC),2022GXNSFBA035654(to HL)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82360241(to MC),82304876(to HL)+1 种基金Scientific Research and Technology Development Project of Guilin City,Nos.20220139-3(to MC),20210218-5(to HL)Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project(to QL)。
文摘α-Synuclein accumulation and transmission are vital to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease,although the mechanisms underlying misfoldedα-synuclein accumulation and propagation have not been conclusively determined.The expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1,which is abundantly expressed in neurons and considered to be a multifunctional endocytic receptor,is elevated in the neurons of patients with Parkinson's disease.However,whether there is a direct link between low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 andα-synuclein aggregation and propagation in Parkinson's disease remains unclear.Here,we established animal models of Parkinson's disease by inoculating monkeys and mice withα-synuclein pre-formed fibrils and observed elevated low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 levels in the striatum and substantia nigra,accompanied by dopaminergic neuron loss and increasedα-synuclein levels.However,low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 knockdown efficiently rescued dopaminergic neurodegeneration and inhibited the increase inα-synuclein levels in the nigrostriatal system.In HEK293A cells overexpressingα-synuclein fragments,low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 levels were upregulated only when the N-terminus ofα-synuclein was present,whereas anα-synuclein fragment lacking the N-terminus did not lead to low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 upregulation.Furthermore,the N-terminus ofα-synuclein was found to be rich in lysine residues,and blocking lysine residues in PC12 cells treated withα-synuclein pre-formed fibrils effectively reduced the elevated low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 andα-synuclein levels.These findings indicate that low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 regulates pathological transmission ofα-synuclein from the striatum to the substantia nigra in the nigrostriatal system via lysine residues in theα-synuclein N-terminus.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072379,32001865 and 32202259)。
文摘Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)causes bacterial blight in rice,which reduces crop yield and leads to significant economic losses.Bacterial sigma(σ)factors are highly specialized proteins that allow RNA polymerase to recognize and bind to specific promoters.σ^(70) factors also regulate the expression of genes involved in stress response and virulence.However,the role of RpoD in Xoo is still unclear.In this study,we found thatσ^(70) factor RpoD is quite conservative among phytopathogenic bacteria,especially in Xanthomonas sp.In Xoo,PXO_RpoD plays an important role in oxidative stress tolerance and cell motility,as well as being essential for full virulence.Cleavage under targets and tagmentation(CUT&Tag)analyses indicated that RpoD mediates the type three secretion system(T3SS)by regulating the regulation of hrpG and hrpX.By performing bacterial one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility assay(EMSA),we observed that RpoD directly bound to the promoters of hrpG and hrpX.Collectively,these results demonstrate the transcriptional mechanism and pathogenic functions of RpoD in regulating cell motility and oxidative stress response,providing novel insights into potential targets for disease control.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52109132)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.ZR2020QE270).
文摘Longitudinal seismic performance is a critical aspect to be considered during the tunnel design process,in addition to cross-sectional considerations.The present study proposed using a laminated shear energy dissipation(LSED)structure to achieve effective longitudinal seismic design.The proposed structure consists of thin steel plates and alternately bonded layers of rubber,which can be installed around the periphery of the secondary lining.This configuration guarantees that the tunnels will exhibit optimal axial deformation capacity and robust rigid resistance to circumferential compression from the surrounding rock.To evaluate the impact of the LSED structure on the longitudinal seismic performance of the tunnel,a fine numerical model of the LSED structureetunnel liningesurrounding rock system was developed using finite element simulation.The evaluation criteria include maximum principal stress and strain energy.The seismic response of the tunnel with the LSED structure exhibited a notable reduction of over 40%in terms of seismic attenuation rate when subjected to the Trinidad seismic wave compared to the tunnel without the LSED structure.Furthermore,the aseismic mechanism of the proposed LSED structure is discussed,considering both internal factors such as the rubber shear modulus,steel plate dimensions,and number and location of structures,and external influencing factors such as seismic wave parameters and surrounding rock quality.Meanwhile,the effectiveness of the tunnel with the LSED structure has been quantitatively demonstrated in terms of seismic fragility curves.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52105392 and 52275359)the Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(Grant No.YDZJSX2021A006)+1 种基金the Natural Foundation of Shanxi Province(Grant No.20210302123166)the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Province(Grant No.20210035).
文摘The effect of rolling schedules on the ridging resistance of ultra-thin ferritic stainless steel(FSS)430 foil was evaluated by studying the microstructure and texture.The results show that specimens processed with three-pass cold rolling under the reductions of 40%,40%and 31%,respectively,exhibit improved ridging resistance owing to the microstructural refinement and the texture structure optimization.A nearly 40%reduction of ridging height can be achieved using the proposed rolling schedule compared to the other two rolling schedules.In addition,the effect of annealing temperature after cold rolling on the ridging resistance of FSS 430 foil is also found to be crucial,and an optimal annealing temperature of 900℃ is obtained for FSS 430 foil with high ridging resistance.Overall,the improvement in the ridging resistance of FSS 430 foil can be attributed to the reduction in the fraction of{001}<110>and{114}<110>components by optimization of the rolling and annealing processes.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82405314Horizontal Project of Dongzhimen Hospital,No.HX-DZM-202405+1 种基金Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,No.DZMG-QNZX-24015Traditional Chinese Medicine Foundation of Xiamen,No.XWZY-2023-0616.
文摘BACKGROUND UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase(UGDH)is a key enzyme in glucuronic acid metabolism and acts as a key mediator in several cancer developmental signaling pathways.AIM To offer a more systematic and comprehensive elucidation of the involvement of UGDH in the onset and progression of various malignancies.METHODS The role of UGDH in cancer was investigated via public databases.The data were analyzed via various R packages and websites,including TISIDB,cBioPortal,STRING,Cytoscape,GSCALite,and CancerSEA.A rat hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)model was established via the intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine.Hematoxylin-eosin staining,Masson staining,Ki67 and UGDH immunohistochemical staining,and ARG1 immunofluorescence staining of liver tissues were performed.Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to detect UGDH expression.The UGDH gene was knocked down in Huh7 cells,and CCK8 and nude mouse tumor xenograft assays were performed.RESULTS High UGDH expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes in HCC,lung adenocarcinoma,lung squamous cell carcinoma,and sarcoma patients and is differentially expressed across molecular and immune subtypes.UGDH is primarily involved in the pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathway.Its expression is positively correlated with T helper,Tcm,and Th2 cells in most cancers.Moreover,experimental results demonstrated that UGDH expression is elevated in HCC tissues and that its downregulation inhibits HCC cell proliferation.CONCLUSION Our study revealed that UGDH could be a valuable prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in many cancers,especially liver and lung cancer.UGDH could promote HCC cell proliferation,potentially by modulating the pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathways.
基金supported by the Central Asia Drug Discovery and Development Centre of Chinese Academy of Sciences(180GJHZ2024036MI)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070433,32470466,31672270,31872959)+2 种基金Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program(2021xjkk0600)Special Exchange Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciencessponsored by the ANSO Scholarship for Young Talents
文摘Comprehensive phylogeographic insights require the integration of evidence across diverse taxa,ecosystems,and geographical regions.However,our understanding of the arid biota of the vast Asian drylands remains limited.Accordingly,this study combined phylogeographic analyses with ecological niche modeling to investigate patterns of diversification and demography of the Central Asian racerunner(Eremias vermiculata),a widespread lizard inhabiting arid eastern-Central Asia(AECA).Mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)sequences were obtained from 876 individuals across 113 localities,while three nuclear genes-CGNL1,MAP1A,andβ-fibint7-were sequenced from 204,170,and 138 individuals,respectively.Analyses identified four distinct mtDNA lineages corresponding to specific geographic subregions within the AECA,reflecting the topographic and ecological heterogeneity of the region.The detection of mito-nuclear discordance indicated the presence of complex evolutionary dynamics.Divergence dating placed the initial lineage splits at approximately 1.18 million years ago,coinciding with major tectonic activity and climatic aridification that likely promoted allopatric divergence.In particular,lineage diversification within the Tarim Basin suggests that recent environmental shifts may have contributed to genetic divergence.Demographic reconstructions revealed signatures of population expansion or range shifts across all lineages during the Last Glacial Maximum,signifying the combined influence of the unique topography and climate dynamics of the AECA on diversification and demographic change.These results highlight the need for fine-scale genomic investigations to clarify the mechanisms underlying mito-nuclear discordance and local adaptation.Such efforts are essential for advancing understanding of how genetic diversity in dryland taxa responds to environmental change,providing insights into the evolutionary adaptability of species in dynamic landscapes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.31971638)the Public Welfare Project of Fujian Science and Technology Department(grant no.2024R1002001).
文摘Climate change is expected to alter the popu-lation dynamics of pioneer tree species and their planned use in sustainable forest management,but we have a lim-ited understanding of how their demographic rates change in response to climate changes during ecological restora-tion.Based on 12 years of demographic data for a pioneer tree species(Pinus massoniana)censused in three plots that correspond to three stages of ecological restoration in south-eastern China.We built integral projection models(IPMs)to assess vital rates(survival,growth,reproduction)and population growth in each plot,then evaluated demographic changes to simulated changes in seasonal mean temperature and precipitation in the current and previous census period.The plot representing the medium restoration stage had the highest population growth rate(λ=0.983).Mean population survival probability increased with ecological restoration,and reproduction probability was significantly suppressed at the high restoration stage.Survival is always the most important vital rate forλ,and climate affectsλprimarily via survival at each restoration stage.The current spring tem-perature was the most critical climate variable forλin the low and medium restoration stages,and previous summer temperature was most critical in the high restoration stage.Simulated warming leads to a decrease in the stochastic population growth rate(λ_(s))of P.massoniana in every stage.These findings suggest that during ecological restoration,P.massoniana responds to habitat change via modified demo-graphic performance,thus altering its response to climate change.Despite diverse responses to climate change,the persistence of P.massoniana populations is facing a wide-spread threat of warming states at each restoration stages.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31790410,32160781)。
文摘The gastrointestinal tract is essential for food digestion,nutrient absorption,waste elimination,and microbial defense.Single-cell transcriptome profiling of the intestinal tract has greatly enriched our understanding of cellular diversity,functional heterogeneity,and their importance in intestinal tract development and disease.Although such profiling has been extensively conducted in humans and mice,the single-cell gene expression landscape of the pig cecum remains unexplored.Here,single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 45572 cells obtained from seven cecal samples in pigs at four different developmental stages(days(D)30,42,150,and 730).Analysis revealed 12 major cell types and 38 subtypes,as well as their distinctive genes,transcription factors,and regulons,many of which were conserved in humans.An increase in the relative proportions of CD8^(+)T and Granzyme A(low expression)natural killer T cells(GZMA^(low)NKT)cells and a decrease in the relative proportions of epithelial stem cells,Tregs,RHEX^(+)T cells,and plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs)were noted across the developmental stages.Moreover,the post-weaning period exhibited an up-regulation in mitochondrial genes,COX2 and ND2,as well as genes involved in immune activation in multiple cell types.Cell-cell crosstalk analysis indicated that IBP6^(+)fibroblasts were the main signal senders at D30,whereas IBP6^(−)fibroblasts assumed this role at the other stages.NKT cells established interactions with epithelial cells and IBP6^(+)fibroblasts in the D730 cecum through mediation of GZMA-F2RL1/F2RL2 pairs.This study provides valuable insights into cellular heterogeneity and function in the pig cecum at different development stages.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52204101)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2022QE137)Open Project of State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering in CUMTB (No. SKLGDUEK2023).
文摘Uniaxial compression tests and cyclic loading acoustic emission tests were conducted on 20%,40%,60%,80%,dry and saturated muddy sandstone by using a creep impact loading system to investigate the mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of soft rocks with different water contents under dynamic disturbance.The mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of muddy sandstones at different water contents were analysed.Results of experimental studies show that water is a key factor in the mechanical properties of rocks,softening them,increasing their porosity,reducing their brittleness and increasing their plasticity.Under uniaxial compression,the macroscopic damage characteristics of the muddy sandstone change from mono-bevel shear damage and‘X’type conjugate bevel shear damage to a roadway bottom-drum type damage as the water content increases.Dynamic perturbation has a strengthening effect on the mechanical properties of samples with 60%and less water content,and a weakening effect on samples with 80%and more water content,but the weakening effect is not obvious.Macroscopic damage characteristics of dry samples remain unchanged,water samples from shear damage and tensile–shear composite damage gradually transformed into cleavage damage,until saturation transformation monoclinic shear damage.The evolution of acoustic emission energy and event number is mainly divided into four stages:loading stage(Ⅰ),dynamic loading stage(Ⅱ),yield failure stage(Ⅲ),and post-peak stage(Ⅳ),the acoustic emission characteristics of the stages were different for different water contents.The characteristic value of acoustic emission key point frequency gradually decreases,and the damage degree of the specimen increases,corresponding to low water content—high main frequency—low damage and high water content—low main frequency—high damage.
