Objective:To explore the effect of a hydrogel of Piper longum(P.longum)root against biofilm-forming multidrug-resistant(MDR)Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)through in vitro,in silico,and in vivo studies.Methods:We isol...Objective:To explore the effect of a hydrogel of Piper longum(P.longum)root against biofilm-forming multidrug-resistant(MDR)Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)through in vitro,in silico,and in vivo studies.Methods:We isolated the P.longum root ethanolic extract and the compounds using p-HPLC.In vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of P.longum root extract and isolated alkamide compounds against biofilm-forming MDR S.aureus(ATCC 33591)were assessed using agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods,respectively.In silico investigations were conducted to investigate the interaction of alkamide compounds with three target proteins glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β),matrix metalloproteinases-8(MMP-8),and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS).In addition,the wound healing effect of P.longum root extract 2%and 5%(w/v)-containing hydrogels was determined in mice.Results:The ethanolic root extract of P.longum and its compounds exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations between 50µg/mL and 700µg/mL,as well as significantly reduced biofilm formation.Piperdardine isolated from P.longum root extract had the best molecular docking score(-9.7,-9.8,and-9.2 kcal/mol)with target proteins GSK3β,MMP-8,and iNOS.In vivo studies showed that P.longum hydrogels significantly lowered the number of colony-forming units(P<0.05).The P.longum 5%(w/v)hydrogel-treated group showed enhanced wound healing activity,achieving a wound contraction rate of 99.34%on day 14.Furthermore,histopathological analysis confirmed increased re-epithelialization and reduced inflammation in mice treated with P.longum 5%(w/v)hydrogel.Conclusions:P.longum root extract has pharmacological potential as an antibacterial and wound-healing agent,and further research is required to confirm its efficacy and clinical application.展开更多
Dengue is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral diseases in terms of morbidity and mortality in the recent decade with the classic symptoms of high fever,headache as well as muscle and joint pain.Nilavembu Kudineer...Dengue is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral diseases in terms of morbidity and mortality in the recent decade with the classic symptoms of high fever,headache as well as muscle and joint pain.Nilavembu Kudineer(NK)is one among the 32 types of internal medicines described in the ancient Siddha system of medicine in south India which reduces fever and relieves body aches.NK,a polyherbal formulation made up of eight traditional herbs in equal parts,is also recommended for prevention and management of all types of viral infections including Dengue/Chikugunya.Exploration of bioactive compounds in the plants is the primary step for the standardization and bioactivity screening of plants and formulations.So the current study aims at recording the chemical constituents and medicinal activities of each ingredient of NK.The anti-pyretic,anti-inflammatory,analgesic and immunostimulant effects of NK have been attributed to more than one ingredient in NK.The medicinal property of the NK can be also attributed to the combined effect of all phytochemicals present in these eight herbs.The current study encompasses the various chemicals and the activities of individual herbs but a thorough stereoscopic and chromatographic investigation is required to trace out the major phytochemical entities which are retained once the NK is prepared by the traditional methods.展开更多
Objective: Prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with severe side effects and toxicity. Therefore, we studied the anti-inflammatory role of Calcarea carbonica which had minimal toxicity a...Objective: Prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with severe side effects and toxicity. Therefore, we studied the anti-inflammatory role of Calcarea carbonica which had minimal toxicity at the low doses.Methods: THP-1 human mononuclear cells were treated with C. carbonica to evaluate the 50% cytotoxicity concentration(CC_(50)) and 50% effective concentration(EC_(50)). Cell survival was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated C. carbonica-treated cells. Nitric oxide(NO) and tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a) were measured to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of C. carbonica. Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) protein expression was determined by Western blotting analysis, and the interaction of C. carbonica with the COX-2 protein was evaluated using molecular docking simulation.Results: The CC_(50) and EC_(50) of C. carbonica were found to be 43.26 and 11.99 mg/mL, respectively. The cell survival assay showed a 1.192-fold(P = 0.0129), 1.443-fold(P = 0.0009) and 1.605-fold(P = 0.0004)increase in cell survival at 24, 48 and 72 h after initiating C. carbonica treatment, respectively. C. carbonica-treated cells showed a reduction in NO levels by 2.355 folds(P = 0.0001), 2.181 folds(P = 0.0001) and 2.071 folds(P = 0.0001) at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The treated cells also showed a reduction in TNFa levels by 1.395 folds(P = 0.0013), 1.541 folds(P = 0.0005) and 1.550 folds(P = 0.0005) at 24, 48 and72 h, respectively. In addition, a 1.193-fold reduction(P = 0.0126) in COX-2 protein expression was found in C. carbonica-treated cells. The molecular docking showed interaction of C. carbonica with the phenylalanine 367 residue present in active site of Cox-2.Conclusion: C. carbonica exhibited anti-inflammatory properties in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells by significantly reducing NO production and TNF-a level through downregulation of the COX-2 protein. This effect is probably mediated through interaction of C. carbonica with the phenylalanine 367 residue present in active site of Cox-2.展开更多
The Rasayana plant Withania somnifera(W.somnifera)Dunal,also known as“Ashwagandha”,has been mentioned in various classical Ayurvedic texts,such as Charaka Samhita,Sushruta Samhita,and Nighantus.This Ayurvedic drug h...The Rasayana plant Withania somnifera(W.somnifera)Dunal,also known as“Ashwagandha”,has been mentioned in various classical Ayurvedic texts,such as Charaka Samhita,Sushruta Samhita,and Nighantus.This Ayurvedic drug has been referred to as a tonic that renews the body,provides physical and mental vigor in weakened states,and promotes endurance and longevity.W.somnifera possesses notable biological activity in many ailments,such as diabetes,conjunctivitis,insomnia,senile dementia,Parkinson’s disease,nervous system disorders,rheumatism,and arthritis.These pharmacological activities are due to the presence of diverse active components and their derivatives.Some lead compounds are found to be effective against anxiety and other central nervous system disorders.W.somnifera has been proven to be effective and safe for a wide range of ailments from ancient to modern times.Its reported properties represent the traditional use of W.somnifera as indicated in the literature;furthermore,W.somnifera is one of the most important prescribed drugs in Ayurveda for its multimodal effects.This current review highlights the bioactive present and provides an overview of the toxicological and pharmacological studies on W.somnifera,including preclinical and clinical studies.From its earliest utilization to its current application,W.somnifera has been recognized to be effective at clinical levels for human health and welfare.Greater attention to the safety and efficacy of W.somnifera would provide more scientific evidence,promoting global acceptance of the Ayurvedic plant.展开更多
In this study a model is conceptualized to measure the child mortality under different parity of women such that a better strategy can be formulated to bring down mortality rates. In the estimation of probability of c...In this study a model is conceptualized to measure the child mortality under different parity of women such that a better strategy can be formulated to bring down mortality rates. In the estimation of probability of child mortality some socio demographic variables are taken in consideration. The estimates are obtained under Bayesian procedure. Two different models are formulated for it and model fitting is observed by graphical approach along with the chi square test. First model is betabinomial and second is binomial regression model. Second model shows the better fit on the data. The estimate of probability of child mortality at higher parities namely, parity 3, parity 4 and parity 5 were obtained as 0.06, 0.09 and 0.13 respectively on the basis of the second model.展开更多
The present study explored quality control of plant drug and polyherbal formulation using HPTLC and HPLC fingerprinting.The study combined qualitative analysis of Emodin and Rhein biomarker compound in Rhei Emodi Wall...The present study explored quality control of plant drug and polyherbal formulation using HPTLC and HPLC fingerprinting.The study combined qualitative analysis of Emodin and Rhein biomarker compound in Rhei Emodi Wall.rhizome extract and polyherbal formulation extract by HPTLC method with quantitative estimation of Emodin by HPLC method,aiming to help in accurate identification of Emodin and Rhein in plant materials,polyherbal formulations.This study also checked adulteration,with the purpose of improving bio-efficacy of ayurvedic formulation.All the samples showed characteristic peaks of Emodin at same retention time as that of standard Emodin.According to the HPTLC fingerprinting results,the Rf values of Rhein reference standard at 0.42 and Emodin at 0.62 were observed in test solution of Rhei emodi Wall.rhizome extract and polyherbal formulation extract and both were found comparable.The quantitative evaluation of Emodin present in the polyherbal formulation and Rhei emodi Wall.rhizome extracts were 0.0177% and 0.3106% respectively.展开更多
Shodhana(purification/detoxification)is an important aspect of Ayurveda.It has been described in several important pieces of literature.In this study,we performed shodhana process on Langali(Gloriosa superba Linn.)tub...Shodhana(purification/detoxification)is an important aspect of Ayurveda.It has been described in several important pieces of literature.In this study,we performed shodhana process on Langali(Gloriosa superba Linn.)tubers of family Liliaceae,a semi-woody herbaceous climber with significant therapeutic properties.We compared the unprocessed(before purification)and processed(after purification)samples based on the phytochemical,physicochemical,and chromatographic study,including HPTLC,HPLC,GC-MS and LC-MS.Significant changes were observed in profiling after the shodhana process.This plant contains colchicine,known for its toxic effects,particularly cardiotoxicity.Therefore,we quantified colchicine in the unprocessed and processed samples of Gloriosa superba Linn.tubers using HPLC method.Results showed that the percentage of colchicine was reduced by 13.67%in chloroform extract and 20.97%in ethanol extracts after the shodhana process.展开更多
Yoga is a therapeutic practice renowned for its multifaceted benefits across the body's systems.Its positive impact spans the physical,mental and emotional realms,fostering harmony and well-being.Through a combina...Yoga is a therapeutic practice renowned for its multifaceted benefits across the body's systems.Its positive impact spans the physical,mental and emotional realms,fostering harmony and well-being.Through a combination of postures,breathing techniques and meditation,yoga offers profound effects,enhancing flexibility,strength and balance while simultaneously promoting relaxation and reducing stress.This integrative approach not only cultivates physical resilience but also supports mental clarity,emotional balance and overall vitality,showcasing yoga as a comprehensive and impactful system for holistic health.The review delved into the multifaceted ways in which yoga exerts a positive influence on the body's various systems.It highlights how yoga serves as a beneficial tool in addressing and counteracting the underlying factors associated with different diseases.By examining yoga's effects on these systems and its potential in combating illness,the paper sheds light on the comprehensive therapeutic benefits that yoga offers.Please cite this article as:Pandey S,Pandey AC,Kotecha VR.YogaDA complementary and traditional medicine for human health.展开更多
In Unani medicine,Bawl(urine)is recognized as a key diagnostic tool,with humoural imbalances assessed via parameters like color,consistency,sediment,clarity,froth,odor,and volume.This conceptual review explores how th...In Unani medicine,Bawl(urine)is recognized as a key diagnostic tool,with humoural imbalances assessed via parameters like color,consistency,sediment,clarity,froth,odor,and volume.This conceptual review explores how these classical diagnostic indicators may be contextualized alongside modern urinalysis markers(e.g.,bilirubin,protein,ketones,and sedimentation)and examined through emerging artificial intelligence(AI)frameworks.Potential applications include ResNet-18 for color classification,You Only Look Once version 8(YOLOv8)for sediment detection,long short-term memory(LSTM)for viscosity estimation,and EfficientDet for froth analysis,with standardized urine images/videos forming the basis of future datasets.Additionally,a comparative ontology is proposed to align Unani perspectives with diagnostic approaches in traditional Chinese medicine,encouraging cross-system integration.By synthesizing classical epistemology with computational intelligence,this review highlights pathways for developing AI-based decision support systems to promote personalized,accessible,and telemedicine-enabled healthcare.展开更多
Colon cancer is the fifth most common type of cancer in the world.Colon cancer develops when healthy cells in the lining of the colon or rectum alter and grow uncontrollably to form a mass known as a tumor.Despite maj...Colon cancer is the fifth most common type of cancer in the world.Colon cancer develops when healthy cells in the lining of the colon or rectum alter and grow uncontrollably to form a mass known as a tumor.Despite major medical improvements,colon cancer is still one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality globally.One of the main issues of chemotherapy is toxicity related to conventional medicines.The targeted delivery systems are considered the safest and most effective by increasing the concentration of a therapeutic substance at the tumor site while decreasing it at other organs.Therefore,these delivery systems required lower doses for high therapeutic value with minimum side effects.The current review focuses on targeting therapeutic substances at the desired site using nanocarriers.Additionally,the diagnostic applications of nanocarriers in colorectal cancer are also discussed.展开更多
Camphor(C_(10)H_(16)O)is a white crystalline solid exist in enantiomeric form R and S camphor.It is a terpenoid obtained from turpentine oil.Synthetically it is synthesized by catalytic process as alpha pinene.Natural...Camphor(C_(10)H_(16)O)is a white crystalline solid exist in enantiomeric form R and S camphor.It is a terpenoid obtained from turpentine oil.Synthetically it is synthesized by catalytic process as alpha pinene.Naturally camphor is obtained by steam distillation of woods of Cinnamomum camphora tree,also known as Camphor tree,camphor laure and camphor wood.Camphor has many pharmacological properties.It acts as antiviral,anticancerous,antimicrobial,insecticidal,anticoccidial,anti-nociceptive and antitussive drug.In addition,it can be used as skin penetrating enhancer.Camphor gives a soothing and cooling effect,which helps to reduce pain.The reason behind its soothing effect is camphor act as a counter-irritant by activating heat sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 and transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 3 receptors and inhibits the transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 8 receptor.As a result,these receptors provide a sensation of scalding heat and pain(nociception)and could be used to treat neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis,chemotherapy,or amputation,as well as pain associated with the inflammatory response of damaged tissue such as in osteoarthritis.Camphor has a history of epidemics cure.During leishmaniosis(kala-azar)pandemic in 14th century,camphor was used as fumigant to control the spread of plague in European countries.In 19th century when cholera,small pox and influenza spreads,camphor was used as mothballs in Indian subcontinent as a(cough reliever)agent.During 18th century Russian influenza“flu pandemic”founder of Homeopathy Hahnemann in 1831,published his research work on camphor and suggested camphor as a“divine remedy”for influenza given in extremely small doses.In the same year,several companies launched to sell menthol rub as natural rub ointment consisting camphor as prevention measures for spread of influenza.As the recent epidemic of COVID-19 arises,prevention and control of spread of disease is an alarming issue.This article covered the glimpse of uses and importance of camphor in the history of epidemic cure.展开更多
Background:The genus Quercus comprises over 900 species distributed across temperate and subtropical zones,many of which hold a multitude of ecological,agricultural,industrial,and medicinal significance.Among them,Que...Background:The genus Quercus comprises over 900 species distributed across temperate and subtropical zones,many of which hold a multitude of ecological,agricultural,industrial,and medicinal significance.Among them,Quercus incana Roxb.,commonly referred to as Baloot in Unani medicine,is notable for its therapeutic applica-tions.Traditionally,its bark and acorns have been employed for their astringent,haemostatic,and tonic effects.Objective:This review aims to consolidate classical Unani perspectives with contemporary phytochemical and pharmacological evidence on Q.incana,and to highlight its medicinal potential as well as avenues for future research.Methods:Data were compiled through the examination of classical Unani texts and a systematic search using"Quercus incana""Quercus incana Roxb.""Baloot""Quercus AND phytochemistry""Quercus AND pharmacology""Quercus AND Unani""oak AND tannins""quercetin AND Quercus""ellagic acid AND Quercus"as keywords in the electronic databases of PubMed,Scopus,ScienceDirect,and Google Scholar,covering literature published from the year of 2000 to 2025,The inclusion criteria encompassed ethnobotanical,phytochemical,and pharmacolog-ical studies on Quercus species,with a specific focus on Q.incana.Results:Q.incana contains a wide spectrum of bioactive compounds,including tannins,flavonoids,phenolic acids,and triterpenoids.Other species of the Quercus genus have also been reported to produce constituents such as𝛽-sitosterol,friedelin,quercetin,palmitic acid,terpenoids,coumarins,lignoceric acid,leucoanthocyanidins,and reducing sugars.These phytochemicals are associated with diverse biological activities,e.g.,antimicrobial,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and wound-healing effects.Evidence from ethnobotanical surveys and pharmaco-logical studies supports the traditional application of Baloot in the treatment of gastrointestinal,dermatological,and haemostatic disorders.Conclusion:Q.incana represents an important medicinal resource in Unani medicine with promising pharmaco-logical activities.While existing data provide preliminary validation of its ethnomedicinal claims,further studies involving standardization of its active ingredients,bioassay-guided isolation,and clinical trials are necessary to establish its therapeutic value and facilitate its integration into evidence-based medicine.展开更多
Background:Mixed Anxiety Depressive Disorder(MADD)is a prevalent mental health condition affecting overall well-being.Unani medicine offers therapeutic interventions,including Majoon Najah,a polyherbal Unani phar-maco...Background:Mixed Anxiety Depressive Disorder(MADD)is a prevalent mental health condition affecting overall well-being.Unani medicine offers therapeutic interventions,including Majoon Najah,a polyherbal Unani phar-macopoeial formulation with potential anxiolytic and antidepressant properties.Majoon Najah contains several medicinal plants known for their neuroprotective and mood-stabilizing effects,including Terminalia chebula Retz.(Post-e-Halela Kabli),Terminalia bellerica Roxb.(Post-e-Balela),Emblica officinalis Gaertn.(Aamla),and Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.(Aftimoon)etc.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Majoon Najah in patients diagnosed with MADD.Methods:A prospective,open-label,single-arm,before-after study was conducted at Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine,Chennai,India.A total of 76 patients aged 18-60 years with MADD were enrolled.The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee on 18 July 2019 and registered with Clinical Trial Registry-India(CTRI)on 2 February 2020.Participants received polyherbal Unani formulation 5gm orally twice daily with water for 6 weeks.Efficacy was assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAM-A)and Hamilton Depres-sion Rating Scale(HAM-D)at baseline and follow-ups.Safety was evaluated through laboratory investigations.Statistical analysis used repeated-measures ANOVA(P<0.05).Results:The results revealed that significant reductions were observed in HAM-A(27.43±8.16 to 6.92±4.26)and HAM-D scores(20.53±5.40 to 5.52±3.38)(P<0.05).No significant biochemical or haematological changes were noted(P>0.05).Treatment response analysis showed 19.73%of participants achieved complete relief,55.26%showed significant relief,and 25%showed partial relief.Conclusion:This finding inferred that polyherbal Unani formulation,Majoon Najah is a safe and effective interven-tion for reducing anxiety and depression symptoms without adverse effects,supporting its safe therapeutic use in Unani medicine for managing MADD.The study was subsequently registered with the Clinical trial Registry-India(CTRI)with CTRI number CTRI/2020/02/023429.展开更多
Transdermal drug delivery plays a significant part in the drug delivery system when compared to other routes of drug administration.The function of the stratum corneum(SC)is a barrier.Recently,numerous methods have be...Transdermal drug delivery plays a significant part in the drug delivery system when compared to other routes of drug administration.The function of the stratum corneum(SC)is a barrier.Recently,numerous methods have been thrived to improve the perforation of drugs across the skin.The most effective method is to use enhancers since these agents enhance skin permeability.Natural penetration enhancers like essential oils demonstrate higher enhancement activity and are more widely accepted than synthetic penetration enhancers.High potential in the expansion and interaction with the SC intercellular lipids has led to an increasing interest in these oils as penetration enhancers.This article gives an overview of a few essential oils,including their mode of action and important parameters for permeation improvement.The present work can provide essential oils as alternative enhancers,and this could be useful in transdermal administration.展开更多
Objective:To study the in vitro cytotoxic activities of methanol extract of Portieria hornemannii(P.hornemannii)and Spyridia fusiformis(S.fusiformis)using Dalton’s lymphoma ascite and Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cell li...Objective:To study the in vitro cytotoxic activities of methanol extract of Portieria hornemannii(P.hornemannii)and Spyridia fusiformis(S.fusiformis)using Dalton’s lymphoma ascite and Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cell lines.Methods:The effect of cytotoxicity of P.hornemannii and S.fusiformis was evaluated with the concentrations(100 to 200μg/mL)and assessed for the antitumour activity vs.the selected cell lines using Trypan blue assay.Results:The methanol extracts of P.hornemannii and S.fusiformis showed potent cytotoxic activity with IC_(50)values of(209.00±0.05)μg/mL and(190.00±0.05)μg/mL against the Dalton’s lymphoma ascite cell line and IC_(50)values of(190.00±0.05)μg/mL and(182.00±0.05)μg/mL against the Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cell line respectively.In vitro cytotoxicity against the tested cancer cell lines showed strong activity by the abnormal activities of algal residue in the normal cells.Conclusions:The methanol solvent residue of red algae(P.hornemannii and S.fusiformis)could be a good candidate.It would be a novel marine resource as a antitumor medicine demonstrated by cytotoxic studies that the above marine algae can be a potential candidate sources as antitumor drugs.展开更多
Background Chobchini,derived from the root and rhizome of Smilax china Linn.,has been traditionally used in tribal and folk medicine for centuries.It is administered either as a single drug or as a component in compou...Background Chobchini,derived from the root and rhizome of Smilax china Linn.,has been traditionally used in tribal and folk medicine for centuries.It is administered either as a single drug or as a component in compound formulations to address a variety of health conditions.Objective This review aims to highlight the therapeutic applications of chobchini and provide a comprehensive analysis of its pharmacological activities.Methods A thorough literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed,Google Scholar,ScienceDirect,and SCOPUS,with search terms including“chobchini”,“Smilax china”,“phytochemical studies”,and“pharmacological studies”.Traditional perspectives were obtained from classical Unani texts,including Risala-i-Chobchini,Muheet Azam,Qarabadeen Ahsani,and Khazainul Advia.Ethnobotanical references were consulted from Indian Materia Medica and Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants,alongside Urdu and English research reports and original articles on Smilax china.Results The plant is recognized for its blood-purifying properties and effectiveness in treating phlegmatic and melancholic disorders.Pharmacological studies indicate its antimicrobial,antidiabetic,antioxidant,anticancer,and anti-inflammatory activities,among others.Conclusion Despite its versatility and significance in the Unani system of medicine,current scientific studies are inadequate to fully validate chobchini's pharmacological potential.Further research focusing on Unani mechanisms of action is necessary to substantiate its therapeutic claims with robust scientific evidence.展开更多
基金supported by NPDF fellowship grants from the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences,Ministry of AYUSH,Govt.of India(HQ-ESTT012/60/2022-ESTT/6783).
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of a hydrogel of Piper longum(P.longum)root against biofilm-forming multidrug-resistant(MDR)Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)through in vitro,in silico,and in vivo studies.Methods:We isolated the P.longum root ethanolic extract and the compounds using p-HPLC.In vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of P.longum root extract and isolated alkamide compounds against biofilm-forming MDR S.aureus(ATCC 33591)were assessed using agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods,respectively.In silico investigations were conducted to investigate the interaction of alkamide compounds with three target proteins glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β),matrix metalloproteinases-8(MMP-8),and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS).In addition,the wound healing effect of P.longum root extract 2%and 5%(w/v)-containing hydrogels was determined in mice.Results:The ethanolic root extract of P.longum and its compounds exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations between 50µg/mL and 700µg/mL,as well as significantly reduced biofilm formation.Piperdardine isolated from P.longum root extract had the best molecular docking score(-9.7,-9.8,and-9.2 kcal/mol)with target proteins GSK3β,MMP-8,and iNOS.In vivo studies showed that P.longum hydrogels significantly lowered the number of colony-forming units(P<0.05).The P.longum 5%(w/v)hydrogel-treated group showed enhanced wound healing activity,achieving a wound contraction rate of 99.34%on day 14.Furthermore,histopathological analysis confirmed increased re-epithelialization and reduced inflammation in mice treated with P.longum 5%(w/v)hydrogel.Conclusions:P.longum root extract has pharmacological potential as an antibacterial and wound-healing agent,and further research is required to confirm its efficacy and clinical application.
文摘Dengue is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral diseases in terms of morbidity and mortality in the recent decade with the classic symptoms of high fever,headache as well as muscle and joint pain.Nilavembu Kudineer(NK)is one among the 32 types of internal medicines described in the ancient Siddha system of medicine in south India which reduces fever and relieves body aches.NK,a polyherbal formulation made up of eight traditional herbs in equal parts,is also recommended for prevention and management of all types of viral infections including Dengue/Chikugunya.Exploration of bioactive compounds in the plants is the primary step for the standardization and bioactivity screening of plants and formulations.So the current study aims at recording the chemical constituents and medicinal activities of each ingredient of NK.The anti-pyretic,anti-inflammatory,analgesic and immunostimulant effects of NK have been attributed to more than one ingredient in NK.The medicinal property of the NK can be also attributed to the combined effect of all phytochemicals present in these eight herbs.The current study encompasses the various chemicals and the activities of individual herbs but a thorough stereoscopic and chromatographic investigation is required to trace out the major phytochemical entities which are retained once the NK is prepared by the traditional methods.
基金supported by Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy,Ministry of Ayush,Government of India。
文摘Objective: Prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with severe side effects and toxicity. Therefore, we studied the anti-inflammatory role of Calcarea carbonica which had minimal toxicity at the low doses.Methods: THP-1 human mononuclear cells were treated with C. carbonica to evaluate the 50% cytotoxicity concentration(CC_(50)) and 50% effective concentration(EC_(50)). Cell survival was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated C. carbonica-treated cells. Nitric oxide(NO) and tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a) were measured to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of C. carbonica. Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) protein expression was determined by Western blotting analysis, and the interaction of C. carbonica with the COX-2 protein was evaluated using molecular docking simulation.Results: The CC_(50) and EC_(50) of C. carbonica were found to be 43.26 and 11.99 mg/mL, respectively. The cell survival assay showed a 1.192-fold(P = 0.0129), 1.443-fold(P = 0.0009) and 1.605-fold(P = 0.0004)increase in cell survival at 24, 48 and 72 h after initiating C. carbonica treatment, respectively. C. carbonica-treated cells showed a reduction in NO levels by 2.355 folds(P = 0.0001), 2.181 folds(P = 0.0001) and 2.071 folds(P = 0.0001) at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The treated cells also showed a reduction in TNFa levels by 1.395 folds(P = 0.0013), 1.541 folds(P = 0.0005) and 1.550 folds(P = 0.0005) at 24, 48 and72 h, respectively. In addition, a 1.193-fold reduction(P = 0.0126) in COX-2 protein expression was found in C. carbonica-treated cells. The molecular docking showed interaction of C. carbonica with the phenylalanine 367 residue present in active site of Cox-2.Conclusion: C. carbonica exhibited anti-inflammatory properties in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells by significantly reducing NO production and TNF-a level through downregulation of the COX-2 protein. This effect is probably mediated through interaction of C. carbonica with the phenylalanine 367 residue present in active site of Cox-2.
文摘The Rasayana plant Withania somnifera(W.somnifera)Dunal,also known as“Ashwagandha”,has been mentioned in various classical Ayurvedic texts,such as Charaka Samhita,Sushruta Samhita,and Nighantus.This Ayurvedic drug has been referred to as a tonic that renews the body,provides physical and mental vigor in weakened states,and promotes endurance and longevity.W.somnifera possesses notable biological activity in many ailments,such as diabetes,conjunctivitis,insomnia,senile dementia,Parkinson’s disease,nervous system disorders,rheumatism,and arthritis.These pharmacological activities are due to the presence of diverse active components and their derivatives.Some lead compounds are found to be effective against anxiety and other central nervous system disorders.W.somnifera has been proven to be effective and safe for a wide range of ailments from ancient to modern times.Its reported properties represent the traditional use of W.somnifera as indicated in the literature;furthermore,W.somnifera is one of the most important prescribed drugs in Ayurveda for its multimodal effects.This current review highlights the bioactive present and provides an overview of the toxicological and pharmacological studies on W.somnifera,including preclinical and clinical studies.From its earliest utilization to its current application,W.somnifera has been recognized to be effective at clinical levels for human health and welfare.Greater attention to the safety and efficacy of W.somnifera would provide more scientific evidence,promoting global acceptance of the Ayurvedic plant.
文摘In this study a model is conceptualized to measure the child mortality under different parity of women such that a better strategy can be formulated to bring down mortality rates. In the estimation of probability of child mortality some socio demographic variables are taken in consideration. The estimates are obtained under Bayesian procedure. Two different models are formulated for it and model fitting is observed by graphical approach along with the chi square test. First model is betabinomial and second is binomial regression model. Second model shows the better fit on the data. The estimate of probability of child mortality at higher parities namely, parity 3, parity 4 and parity 5 were obtained as 0.06, 0.09 and 0.13 respectively on the basis of the second model.
文摘The present study explored quality control of plant drug and polyherbal formulation using HPTLC and HPLC fingerprinting.The study combined qualitative analysis of Emodin and Rhein biomarker compound in Rhei Emodi Wall.rhizome extract and polyherbal formulation extract by HPTLC method with quantitative estimation of Emodin by HPLC method,aiming to help in accurate identification of Emodin and Rhein in plant materials,polyherbal formulations.This study also checked adulteration,with the purpose of improving bio-efficacy of ayurvedic formulation.All the samples showed characteristic peaks of Emodin at same retention time as that of standard Emodin.According to the HPTLC fingerprinting results,the Rf values of Rhein reference standard at 0.42 and Emodin at 0.62 were observed in test solution of Rhei emodi Wall.rhizome extract and polyherbal formulation extract and both were found comparable.The quantitative evaluation of Emodin present in the polyherbal formulation and Rhei emodi Wall.rhizome extracts were 0.0177% and 0.3106% respectively.
文摘Shodhana(purification/detoxification)is an important aspect of Ayurveda.It has been described in several important pieces of literature.In this study,we performed shodhana process on Langali(Gloriosa superba Linn.)tubers of family Liliaceae,a semi-woody herbaceous climber with significant therapeutic properties.We compared the unprocessed(before purification)and processed(after purification)samples based on the phytochemical,physicochemical,and chromatographic study,including HPTLC,HPLC,GC-MS and LC-MS.Significant changes were observed in profiling after the shodhana process.This plant contains colchicine,known for its toxic effects,particularly cardiotoxicity.Therefore,we quantified colchicine in the unprocessed and processed samples of Gloriosa superba Linn.tubers using HPLC method.Results showed that the percentage of colchicine was reduced by 13.67%in chloroform extract and 20.97%in ethanol extracts after the shodhana process.
基金provided by Inter University Centre for Yogic Science。
文摘Yoga is a therapeutic practice renowned for its multifaceted benefits across the body's systems.Its positive impact spans the physical,mental and emotional realms,fostering harmony and well-being.Through a combination of postures,breathing techniques and meditation,yoga offers profound effects,enhancing flexibility,strength and balance while simultaneously promoting relaxation and reducing stress.This integrative approach not only cultivates physical resilience but also supports mental clarity,emotional balance and overall vitality,showcasing yoga as a comprehensive and impactful system for holistic health.The review delved into the multifaceted ways in which yoga exerts a positive influence on the body's various systems.It highlights how yoga serves as a beneficial tool in addressing and counteracting the underlying factors associated with different diseases.By examining yoga's effects on these systems and its potential in combating illness,the paper sheds light on the comprehensive therapeutic benefits that yoga offers.Please cite this article as:Pandey S,Pandey AC,Kotecha VR.YogaDA complementary and traditional medicine for human health.
文摘In Unani medicine,Bawl(urine)is recognized as a key diagnostic tool,with humoural imbalances assessed via parameters like color,consistency,sediment,clarity,froth,odor,and volume.This conceptual review explores how these classical diagnostic indicators may be contextualized alongside modern urinalysis markers(e.g.,bilirubin,protein,ketones,and sedimentation)and examined through emerging artificial intelligence(AI)frameworks.Potential applications include ResNet-18 for color classification,You Only Look Once version 8(YOLOv8)for sediment detection,long short-term memory(LSTM)for viscosity estimation,and EfficientDet for froth analysis,with standardized urine images/videos forming the basis of future datasets.Additionally,a comparative ontology is proposed to align Unani perspectives with diagnostic approaches in traditional Chinese medicine,encouraging cross-system integration.By synthesizing classical epistemology with computational intelligence,this review highlights pathways for developing AI-based decision support systems to promote personalized,accessible,and telemedicine-enabled healthcare.
文摘Colon cancer is the fifth most common type of cancer in the world.Colon cancer develops when healthy cells in the lining of the colon or rectum alter and grow uncontrollably to form a mass known as a tumor.Despite major medical improvements,colon cancer is still one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality globally.One of the main issues of chemotherapy is toxicity related to conventional medicines.The targeted delivery systems are considered the safest and most effective by increasing the concentration of a therapeutic substance at the tumor site while decreasing it at other organs.Therefore,these delivery systems required lower doses for high therapeutic value with minimum side effects.The current review focuses on targeting therapeutic substances at the desired site using nanocarriers.Additionally,the diagnostic applications of nanocarriers in colorectal cancer are also discussed.
文摘Camphor(C_(10)H_(16)O)is a white crystalline solid exist in enantiomeric form R and S camphor.It is a terpenoid obtained from turpentine oil.Synthetically it is synthesized by catalytic process as alpha pinene.Naturally camphor is obtained by steam distillation of woods of Cinnamomum camphora tree,also known as Camphor tree,camphor laure and camphor wood.Camphor has many pharmacological properties.It acts as antiviral,anticancerous,antimicrobial,insecticidal,anticoccidial,anti-nociceptive and antitussive drug.In addition,it can be used as skin penetrating enhancer.Camphor gives a soothing and cooling effect,which helps to reduce pain.The reason behind its soothing effect is camphor act as a counter-irritant by activating heat sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 and transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 3 receptors and inhibits the transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 8 receptor.As a result,these receptors provide a sensation of scalding heat and pain(nociception)and could be used to treat neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis,chemotherapy,or amputation,as well as pain associated with the inflammatory response of damaged tissue such as in osteoarthritis.Camphor has a history of epidemics cure.During leishmaniosis(kala-azar)pandemic in 14th century,camphor was used as fumigant to control the spread of plague in European countries.In 19th century when cholera,small pox and influenza spreads,camphor was used as mothballs in Indian subcontinent as a(cough reliever)agent.During 18th century Russian influenza“flu pandemic”founder of Homeopathy Hahnemann in 1831,published his research work on camphor and suggested camphor as a“divine remedy”for influenza given in extremely small doses.In the same year,several companies launched to sell menthol rub as natural rub ointment consisting camphor as prevention measures for spread of influenza.As the recent epidemic of COVID-19 arises,prevention and control of spread of disease is an alarming issue.This article covered the glimpse of uses and importance of camphor in the history of epidemic cure.
文摘Background:The genus Quercus comprises over 900 species distributed across temperate and subtropical zones,many of which hold a multitude of ecological,agricultural,industrial,and medicinal significance.Among them,Quercus incana Roxb.,commonly referred to as Baloot in Unani medicine,is notable for its therapeutic applica-tions.Traditionally,its bark and acorns have been employed for their astringent,haemostatic,and tonic effects.Objective:This review aims to consolidate classical Unani perspectives with contemporary phytochemical and pharmacological evidence on Q.incana,and to highlight its medicinal potential as well as avenues for future research.Methods:Data were compiled through the examination of classical Unani texts and a systematic search using"Quercus incana""Quercus incana Roxb.""Baloot""Quercus AND phytochemistry""Quercus AND pharmacology""Quercus AND Unani""oak AND tannins""quercetin AND Quercus""ellagic acid AND Quercus"as keywords in the electronic databases of PubMed,Scopus,ScienceDirect,and Google Scholar,covering literature published from the year of 2000 to 2025,The inclusion criteria encompassed ethnobotanical,phytochemical,and pharmacolog-ical studies on Quercus species,with a specific focus on Q.incana.Results:Q.incana contains a wide spectrum of bioactive compounds,including tannins,flavonoids,phenolic acids,and triterpenoids.Other species of the Quercus genus have also been reported to produce constituents such as𝛽-sitosterol,friedelin,quercetin,palmitic acid,terpenoids,coumarins,lignoceric acid,leucoanthocyanidins,and reducing sugars.These phytochemicals are associated with diverse biological activities,e.g.,antimicrobial,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and wound-healing effects.Evidence from ethnobotanical surveys and pharmaco-logical studies supports the traditional application of Baloot in the treatment of gastrointestinal,dermatological,and haemostatic disorders.Conclusion:Q.incana represents an important medicinal resource in Unani medicine with promising pharmaco-logical activities.While existing data provide preliminary validation of its ethnomedicinal claims,further studies involving standardization of its active ingredients,bioassay-guided isolation,and clinical trials are necessary to establish its therapeutic value and facilitate its integration into evidence-based medicine.
基金funded by Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine(CCRUM),New Delhi,Ministry of Ayush,Government of India。
文摘Background:Mixed Anxiety Depressive Disorder(MADD)is a prevalent mental health condition affecting overall well-being.Unani medicine offers therapeutic interventions,including Majoon Najah,a polyherbal Unani phar-macopoeial formulation with potential anxiolytic and antidepressant properties.Majoon Najah contains several medicinal plants known for their neuroprotective and mood-stabilizing effects,including Terminalia chebula Retz.(Post-e-Halela Kabli),Terminalia bellerica Roxb.(Post-e-Balela),Emblica officinalis Gaertn.(Aamla),and Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.(Aftimoon)etc.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Majoon Najah in patients diagnosed with MADD.Methods:A prospective,open-label,single-arm,before-after study was conducted at Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine,Chennai,India.A total of 76 patients aged 18-60 years with MADD were enrolled.The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee on 18 July 2019 and registered with Clinical Trial Registry-India(CTRI)on 2 February 2020.Participants received polyherbal Unani formulation 5gm orally twice daily with water for 6 weeks.Efficacy was assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAM-A)and Hamilton Depres-sion Rating Scale(HAM-D)at baseline and follow-ups.Safety was evaluated through laboratory investigations.Statistical analysis used repeated-measures ANOVA(P<0.05).Results:The results revealed that significant reductions were observed in HAM-A(27.43±8.16 to 6.92±4.26)and HAM-D scores(20.53±5.40 to 5.52±3.38)(P<0.05).No significant biochemical or haematological changes were noted(P>0.05).Treatment response analysis showed 19.73%of participants achieved complete relief,55.26%showed significant relief,and 25%showed partial relief.Conclusion:This finding inferred that polyherbal Unani formulation,Majoon Najah is a safe and effective interven-tion for reducing anxiety and depression symptoms without adverse effects,supporting its safe therapeutic use in Unani medicine for managing MADD.The study was subsequently registered with the Clinical trial Registry-India(CTRI)with CTRI number CTRI/2020/02/023429.
文摘Transdermal drug delivery plays a significant part in the drug delivery system when compared to other routes of drug administration.The function of the stratum corneum(SC)is a barrier.Recently,numerous methods have been thrived to improve the perforation of drugs across the skin.The most effective method is to use enhancers since these agents enhance skin permeability.Natural penetration enhancers like essential oils demonstrate higher enhancement activity and are more widely accepted than synthetic penetration enhancers.High potential in the expansion and interaction with the SC intercellular lipids has led to an increasing interest in these oils as penetration enhancers.This article gives an overview of a few essential oils,including their mode of action and important parameters for permeation improvement.The present work can provide essential oils as alternative enhancers,and this could be useful in transdermal administration.
基金Supported by University Grants Commission,New Delhi(Grant No.F1-17.1/2011-12/RGNF-SC-TAM-5342/(SA-III/Website)).
文摘Objective:To study the in vitro cytotoxic activities of methanol extract of Portieria hornemannii(P.hornemannii)and Spyridia fusiformis(S.fusiformis)using Dalton’s lymphoma ascite and Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cell lines.Methods:The effect of cytotoxicity of P.hornemannii and S.fusiformis was evaluated with the concentrations(100 to 200μg/mL)and assessed for the antitumour activity vs.the selected cell lines using Trypan blue assay.Results:The methanol extracts of P.hornemannii and S.fusiformis showed potent cytotoxic activity with IC_(50)values of(209.00±0.05)μg/mL and(190.00±0.05)μg/mL against the Dalton’s lymphoma ascite cell line and IC_(50)values of(190.00±0.05)μg/mL and(182.00±0.05)μg/mL against the Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cell line respectively.In vitro cytotoxicity against the tested cancer cell lines showed strong activity by the abnormal activities of algal residue in the normal cells.Conclusions:The methanol solvent residue of red algae(P.hornemannii and S.fusiformis)could be a good candidate.It would be a novel marine resource as a antitumor medicine demonstrated by cytotoxic studies that the above marine algae can be a potential candidate sources as antitumor drugs.
文摘Background Chobchini,derived from the root and rhizome of Smilax china Linn.,has been traditionally used in tribal and folk medicine for centuries.It is administered either as a single drug or as a component in compound formulations to address a variety of health conditions.Objective This review aims to highlight the therapeutic applications of chobchini and provide a comprehensive analysis of its pharmacological activities.Methods A thorough literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed,Google Scholar,ScienceDirect,and SCOPUS,with search terms including“chobchini”,“Smilax china”,“phytochemical studies”,and“pharmacological studies”.Traditional perspectives were obtained from classical Unani texts,including Risala-i-Chobchini,Muheet Azam,Qarabadeen Ahsani,and Khazainul Advia.Ethnobotanical references were consulted from Indian Materia Medica and Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants,alongside Urdu and English research reports and original articles on Smilax china.Results The plant is recognized for its blood-purifying properties and effectiveness in treating phlegmatic and melancholic disorders.Pharmacological studies indicate its antimicrobial,antidiabetic,antioxidant,anticancer,and anti-inflammatory activities,among others.Conclusion Despite its versatility and significance in the Unani system of medicine,current scientific studies are inadequate to fully validate chobchini's pharmacological potential.Further research focusing on Unani mechanisms of action is necessary to substantiate its therapeutic claims with robust scientific evidence.
