BACKGROUND Unintended pregnancy occurs when an individual or couple conceives without planning or desire,which can potentially affect a child’s physical,mental,and social well-being.This can then lead to long-term so...BACKGROUND Unintended pregnancy occurs when an individual or couple conceives without planning or desire,which can potentially affect a child’s physical,mental,and social well-being.This can then lead to long-term socioeconomic challenges for families and communities.Although its impact on child growth and development is a pressing concern,research remains limited particularly in multicenter settings.AIM To examine the long-term consequences of unintended pregnancy on the critical years of early childhood growth and development.METHODS This analytical observational study employed a case-control design and was conducted in research centers across Indonesia,encompassing those located in Central Java,Lampung,Bali,and West Nusa Tenggara.A total of 700 children aged≤5 years with histories of intended or unintended pregnancies participated.Data collection involved structured interviews and direct anthropometric and developmental assessments.Data analyses were conducted using multivariate statistics and partial least squares structural equation modeling.RESULTS Unintended pregnancy was found to have a statistically significant effect on both child growth(t=8.178;P<0.001)and child development(t=25.688;P<0.001).Key growth problems identified included underweight,undernutrition,abnormal head circumference,and stunting.Developmental challenges prominently associated with unintended pregnancy included behavioral and emotional disorders,autism spectrum disorder,attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder,social and motor skill deficits,as well as visual and hearing impairments.CONCLUSION Unintended pregnancy significantly affects child growth and development,underscoring the need for early intervention,quality prenatal care,and strengthened family planning policies.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the relationship between body mass index(BMI)before pregnancy and gestational weight gain throughout pregnancy with the incidence of preeclampsia.Methods:This was a systematic review-meta analysis...Objective:To analyze the relationship between body mass index(BMI)before pregnancy and gestational weight gain throughout pregnancy with the incidence of preeclampsia.Methods:This was a systematic review-meta analysis of literature collected from three e-databases:Scopus,PubMed,and Science Direct.Quality assessment was measured with the Effective Public Health Practice Project methods.Meta-analysis was done by calculating the fixed and random-effects of odds ratio(OR)for each BMI category and gestational weight gain as compared with the incidence of preeclampsia.Results:Overweight was associated with a significantly increased risk of preeclampsia(OR=2.152,95%CI 1.363-3.400;P=0.001).Obesity was also associated with a noticeably increased risk of preeclampsia(OR=2.856,95%CI 1.755-4.649;P<0.001).Meanwhile,underweight was associated with a significantly reduced risk of preeclampsia(OR=0.639,95%CI 0.500-0.817;P<0.001)when compared with normal BMI.Pregnant women who gained weight below the standard throughout pregnancy was a protective factor from preeclampsia(OR=0.813,95%CI 0.610-1.083;P=0.157)whereas pregnant women who gained weight above the standard had almost doubled risk of preeclampsia(OR=1.850,95%CI 1.377-2.485;P<0.001).Conclusions:The result of this study affirms the role of overweight-obesity pre-pregnancy,and gestational weight gain above the standard during pregnancy as significant risk factors for developing preeclampsia.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the effects of subchronic cypermethrin on the ovary and endometrium as well as the involvement of apoptosis in the toxicity of cypermethrin. Methods: A total of 32 female Wistar rats were randoml...Objective: To analyze the effects of subchronic cypermethrin on the ovary and endometrium as well as the involvement of apoptosis in the toxicity of cypermethrin. Methods: A total of 32 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, with 8 rats in each group. The control group received no treatment, and the other three groups received oral cypermethrin at 10, 15 or 20 mg/kg body weight for 28 days (sub-chronic). The granulosa cells were calculated histopathologically. The apoptotic index was determined by in situ technique. Histopathological examination was performed on the uterus and ovary. Results: There was no significant difference in the number of primary follicular granulosa cells between the treatment groups and the control group (P>0.05). However, the number of secondary and tertiary follicle granulosa cells in the treatment groups was significantly decreased compared to that of the control group (P all<0.05). The apoptotic index of primary follicular granulosa cells increased significantly in the groups treated with cypermethrin compared with the control group (P<0.05). The secondary, tertiary, and endometrial granulosa cell apoptosis index was significantly higher in all treatment groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). The higher the dose of cypermethrin was, the higher the apoptotic index of secondary, tertiary and endometrial granulosa cells was. There was a significant decrease in endometrial thickness in the three treatment groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Thinning of the endometrial layer was seen in the cypermethrin exposure groups. Conclusions: Exposure to cypermethrin can suppress the number of secondary and tertiary follicular granulosa cells, and trigger thinning of the endometrium through induction of apoptosis.展开更多
Objective:To investigate effect of iron supplementation on the risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in non-anaemic pregnant women.Methods:A literature search was conducted using three categories of terms with i...Objective:To investigate effect of iron supplementation on the risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in non-anaemic pregnant women.Methods:A literature search was conducted using three categories of terms with its synonyms or related words:"iron","supplement",“hypertensive disorders in pregnancy”through MEDLINE(OVID),CINAHL,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Scopus,Web of Science,ICTRP,and ClinicalTrials.gov,and manual search of references was used in seven potential resources.The inclusion criteria were randomized control trials(RCTs),published in English,full-text available,having healthy pregnant women without anaemia for study participants,and having hypertensive disorders in pregnancy at the end of pregnancy as the outcome.The risk of bias assessment tool was used for quality appraisal.Meta-analysis was conducted by calculating the fixed and random effects of the odds ratio(OR)for iron supplementation among non-anaemic pregnant women compared with the incidence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.The range of the study’s estimation accuracy was reflected by a 95%confidence interval(CI).Results:Four RCTs were included in the meta-analysis.The pooled results showed that iron supplementation possibly had no effect on the incidence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy(OR 0.93,95%CI 0.81-1.07;P=0.30),gestational hypertension(OR 1.37,95%CI 0.69-2.73;P=0.36)as well as on the development of preeclampsia(OR 1.45,95%CI 0.71-2.97;P=0.31).Conclusions:Iron supplementation has no effect on the incidence of hypertension in non-anaemic pregnant women.In general,there is a lack of evidence for the association between iron supplementation and the incidence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy among non-anaemic pregnant women,and further studies are needed.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms during the postpartu...<strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms during the postpartum period affect physical health and child rearing and that these effects are important social issues. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The aims of this study were to clarify the differences in the transition of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms according to parity during a 6-month postpartum period and to clarify the differences in associations of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms with feelings for involvement with newborn infants in primiparous and multiparous postpartum women. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The design of this study was a longitudinal investigation. This study was conducted from February 2017 to July 2018 in Japan. By using self-administered questionnaires that included questions on psychological symptoms in a standard climacteric scale and questions on feelings for involvement with newborn infants, we collected data at 3 days postpartum, 2 weeks postpartum, one month postpartum, 3 months postpartum and 6 months postpartum. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Responses to all of the questionnaires were obtained from 121 (52.8%) of 229 women. The score for depressive symptoms in primiparous women was significantly higher than that in multiparous women at 3 days postpartum. Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms showed peaks at 2 weeks postpartum in both primiparous women and multiparous women, but depressive symptoms reoccurred from 3 months postpartum to 6 months postpartum in primiparous women and anxiety symptoms reoccurred from one month to 3 months postpartum in multiparous women. Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were associated with negative feelings for involvement with newborn infants and with mother’s sleeping time. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Changes in depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were different in primiparous women and multiparous women during a 6-month postpartum period. In addition, depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were associated with negative feelings for involvement with newborn infants and with sleeping time in postpartum women.</span></span>展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Unintended pregnancy occurs when an individual or couple conceives without planning or desire,which can potentially affect a child’s physical,mental,and social well-being.This can then lead to long-term socioeconomic challenges for families and communities.Although its impact on child growth and development is a pressing concern,research remains limited particularly in multicenter settings.AIM To examine the long-term consequences of unintended pregnancy on the critical years of early childhood growth and development.METHODS This analytical observational study employed a case-control design and was conducted in research centers across Indonesia,encompassing those located in Central Java,Lampung,Bali,and West Nusa Tenggara.A total of 700 children aged≤5 years with histories of intended or unintended pregnancies participated.Data collection involved structured interviews and direct anthropometric and developmental assessments.Data analyses were conducted using multivariate statistics and partial least squares structural equation modeling.RESULTS Unintended pregnancy was found to have a statistically significant effect on both child growth(t=8.178;P<0.001)and child development(t=25.688;P<0.001).Key growth problems identified included underweight,undernutrition,abnormal head circumference,and stunting.Developmental challenges prominently associated with unintended pregnancy included behavioral and emotional disorders,autism spectrum disorder,attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder,social and motor skill deficits,as well as visual and hearing impairments.CONCLUSION Unintended pregnancy significantly affects child growth and development,underscoring the need for early intervention,quality prenatal care,and strengthened family planning policies.
文摘Objective:To analyze the relationship between body mass index(BMI)before pregnancy and gestational weight gain throughout pregnancy with the incidence of preeclampsia.Methods:This was a systematic review-meta analysis of literature collected from three e-databases:Scopus,PubMed,and Science Direct.Quality assessment was measured with the Effective Public Health Practice Project methods.Meta-analysis was done by calculating the fixed and random-effects of odds ratio(OR)for each BMI category and gestational weight gain as compared with the incidence of preeclampsia.Results:Overweight was associated with a significantly increased risk of preeclampsia(OR=2.152,95%CI 1.363-3.400;P=0.001).Obesity was also associated with a noticeably increased risk of preeclampsia(OR=2.856,95%CI 1.755-4.649;P<0.001).Meanwhile,underweight was associated with a significantly reduced risk of preeclampsia(OR=0.639,95%CI 0.500-0.817;P<0.001)when compared with normal BMI.Pregnant women who gained weight below the standard throughout pregnancy was a protective factor from preeclampsia(OR=0.813,95%CI 0.610-1.083;P=0.157)whereas pregnant women who gained weight above the standard had almost doubled risk of preeclampsia(OR=1.850,95%CI 1.377-2.485;P<0.001).Conclusions:The result of this study affirms the role of overweight-obesity pre-pregnancy,and gestational weight gain above the standard during pregnancy as significant risk factors for developing preeclampsia.
文摘Objective: To analyze the effects of subchronic cypermethrin on the ovary and endometrium as well as the involvement of apoptosis in the toxicity of cypermethrin. Methods: A total of 32 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, with 8 rats in each group. The control group received no treatment, and the other three groups received oral cypermethrin at 10, 15 or 20 mg/kg body weight for 28 days (sub-chronic). The granulosa cells were calculated histopathologically. The apoptotic index was determined by in situ technique. Histopathological examination was performed on the uterus and ovary. Results: There was no significant difference in the number of primary follicular granulosa cells between the treatment groups and the control group (P>0.05). However, the number of secondary and tertiary follicle granulosa cells in the treatment groups was significantly decreased compared to that of the control group (P all<0.05). The apoptotic index of primary follicular granulosa cells increased significantly in the groups treated with cypermethrin compared with the control group (P<0.05). The secondary, tertiary, and endometrial granulosa cell apoptosis index was significantly higher in all treatment groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). The higher the dose of cypermethrin was, the higher the apoptotic index of secondary, tertiary and endometrial granulosa cells was. There was a significant decrease in endometrial thickness in the three treatment groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Thinning of the endometrial layer was seen in the cypermethrin exposure groups. Conclusions: Exposure to cypermethrin can suppress the number of secondary and tertiary follicular granulosa cells, and trigger thinning of the endometrium through induction of apoptosis.
基金This study was funded by the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education(LPDP)with Reference number S-422/LPDP.3/2018.
文摘Objective:To investigate effect of iron supplementation on the risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in non-anaemic pregnant women.Methods:A literature search was conducted using three categories of terms with its synonyms or related words:"iron","supplement",“hypertensive disorders in pregnancy”through MEDLINE(OVID),CINAHL,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Scopus,Web of Science,ICTRP,and ClinicalTrials.gov,and manual search of references was used in seven potential resources.The inclusion criteria were randomized control trials(RCTs),published in English,full-text available,having healthy pregnant women without anaemia for study participants,and having hypertensive disorders in pregnancy at the end of pregnancy as the outcome.The risk of bias assessment tool was used for quality appraisal.Meta-analysis was conducted by calculating the fixed and random effects of the odds ratio(OR)for iron supplementation among non-anaemic pregnant women compared with the incidence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.The range of the study’s estimation accuracy was reflected by a 95%confidence interval(CI).Results:Four RCTs were included in the meta-analysis.The pooled results showed that iron supplementation possibly had no effect on the incidence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy(OR 0.93,95%CI 0.81-1.07;P=0.30),gestational hypertension(OR 1.37,95%CI 0.69-2.73;P=0.36)as well as on the development of preeclampsia(OR 1.45,95%CI 0.71-2.97;P=0.31).Conclusions:Iron supplementation has no effect on the incidence of hypertension in non-anaemic pregnant women.In general,there is a lack of evidence for the association between iron supplementation and the incidence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy among non-anaemic pregnant women,and further studies are needed.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms during the postpartum period affect physical health and child rearing and that these effects are important social issues. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The aims of this study were to clarify the differences in the transition of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms according to parity during a 6-month postpartum period and to clarify the differences in associations of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms with feelings for involvement with newborn infants in primiparous and multiparous postpartum women. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The design of this study was a longitudinal investigation. This study was conducted from February 2017 to July 2018 in Japan. By using self-administered questionnaires that included questions on psychological symptoms in a standard climacteric scale and questions on feelings for involvement with newborn infants, we collected data at 3 days postpartum, 2 weeks postpartum, one month postpartum, 3 months postpartum and 6 months postpartum. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Responses to all of the questionnaires were obtained from 121 (52.8%) of 229 women. The score for depressive symptoms in primiparous women was significantly higher than that in multiparous women at 3 days postpartum. Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms showed peaks at 2 weeks postpartum in both primiparous women and multiparous women, but depressive symptoms reoccurred from 3 months postpartum to 6 months postpartum in primiparous women and anxiety symptoms reoccurred from one month to 3 months postpartum in multiparous women. Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were associated with negative feelings for involvement with newborn infants and with mother’s sleeping time. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Changes in depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were different in primiparous women and multiparous women during a 6-month postpartum period. In addition, depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were associated with negative feelings for involvement with newborn infants and with sleeping time in postpartum women.</span></span>
