The application of modified biochar has been proven to be a novel and promising strategy to improve saline-alkali soil.However,the effect of iron-modified biochar(FB)on the chemical properties of saline-alkali soil at...The application of modified biochar has been proven to be a novel and promising strategy to improve saline-alkali soil.However,the effect of iron-modified biochar(FB)on the chemical properties of saline-alkali soil at different depths remains unclear.Therefore,we designed a soil column and divided it into three consecutive parts(i.e.,topsoil,middle soil,and subsoil)to explore the amelioration effects of biochar on saline-alkali soil chemical properties and bacterial communities along a depth gradient in the treatments amended with 0.5%(weight/weight)pristine biochar(PB),1%(weight:weight)PB,0.5%(weight:weight)FB,and 1%(weight:weight)FB and without biochar(control,CK).The results showed that soil chemical properties were significantly improved with 1%FB application,while the amelioration effect of FB was different between the topsoil and subsoil.The activities of extracellular enzymes significantly increased in the topsoil and base cations decreased in the subsoil in the FB treatment compared with CK.Moreover,the abundances of halophilic taxa were higher in the subsoil than in the topsoil,especially for Bacteroidetes and Deinococcota.Furthermore,the abundances of beneficial bacteria(e.g.,c_Alphaproteobacteria,Sphingomonas,and Pontibacter)in saline-alkali soil increased in the FB treatment compared with CK.Our results suggest the ameliorative effect of FB on soil properties and bacterial communities along a soil depth gradient,providing a novel strategy for improving saline-alkali soil with biochar.展开更多
Brassica napus(oilseed rape)is sensitive to boron(B)deficiency and exhibits young leaf curling in response to low-B stress at the seedling stage,which leads to reduced photosynthesis and plant growth.So far,no gene ha...Brassica napus(oilseed rape)is sensitive to boron(B)deficiency and exhibits young leaf curling in response to low-B stress at the seedling stage,which leads to reduced photosynthesis and plant growth.So far,no gene has been identified to be involved in B deficiency induced leaf curling.Our previous results showed the transcription factor BnaA1.WRKY53 might be involved in B-deficiency tolerance.However,altered BnaA1.WRKY53 expression does not influence B concentration in shoot,root and leaf cell walls,which suggests Bna A1.WRKY53 might be involved in other biological processes.Indeed,phenotypic and anatomical analyses revealed that BnaA1.WRKY53 negatively regulated the leaf curling induced by leaf epinasty by suppressing the overexpansion of palisade cells under B deficiency.Further transcriptome enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between wild-type and BnaA1.WRKY53overexpression line showed auxin response pathway was enriched.In addition,Arabidopsis DR5::GFP auxin reporter line showed B deficiency caused predominant auxin signal accumulation in the adaxial side and concomitant adaxial cell expansion,which indicated that B deficiency may induce leaf curling by altering auxin distribution.Phytohormone quantification and gene expression analysis demonstrated that BnaA1.WRKY53 prevent auxin overaccumulation in leaves by suppressing auxin biosynthetic genes under B deficiency.Furthermore,exogenous 1-naphthlcetic acid(NAA)treatment experiments revealed that high auxin could induce leaf curling and BnaA1.WRKY53 expression.Overall,these findings demonstrate that auxin and the transcription factor BnaA1.WRKY53 synergistically regulate leaf curling to maintain an optimal leaf area under B deficiency,and provide novel insights into the resistance mechanisms against B-deficiency-induced leaf curling in oilseed rape.展开更多
Variations in the nutrients and water that plants require for metabolism,development,and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis are the main causes of abiotic stress in plants.It has,however,hardly ever been studied ...Variations in the nutrients and water that plants require for metabolism,development,and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis are the main causes of abiotic stress in plants.It has,however,hardly ever been studied how these transporter proteins,such as aquaporin which is responsible for food and water intake in cell plasma mem-branes,interact with one another.This review aims to explore the interactions between nutrient transporters and aquaporins during water and nutrient uptake.It also investigates how symbiotic relationships influence the plant genome’s responses to regulatory processes such as photoperiodism,senescence,and nitrogenfixation.These responses are observed in reaction to various abiotic stresses.For instance,plasma membrane transporters are upregulated during macronutrient insufficiency,tonoplast transporters are overexpressed,and aquaporins are downregulated in micronutrient deficiency.Additionally,tolerant plants often exhibit increased expression of nutrient transporters and aquaporins in response to drought,salt,and cold temperatures.To better comprehend plant stress tolerance to abiotic challenges including starvation,K famine,salt,and freezing temperatures,both classes of nutrient and water transporters should be considered at the same time.展开更多
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn) and their interactions on seed yield and yield formation of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. var. Huashuang 4). Application of ...A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn) and their interactions on seed yield and yield formation of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. var. Huashuang 4). Application of B fertilizer to a sandy soil increased the seed yield by 46.1% compared to the control and also created a considerably higher seed yield than the two treatments solely applying Mo and Zn fertilizers, which suggested that B was a main constraint for the seed yield of Huashuang 4 in this experiment. The effect of B fertilizer on the seed yield was attributed to an increase in the number of seeds per silique and siliques per plant. The combined application of B with Mo or Zn resulted in higher seed yield than the application of B, Mo or Zn alone, and the seed yield of the B+Mo+Zn treatment was the highest in all treatments, 68.1% above the control. Dry matter accumulation of seed followed a typical S-shaped curve and it was higher in plants supplied with B than in plants without B. A small but significant increase in the seed oil content and an improvement in the oil quality were also observed in all treatments compared with the control. These results suggested that optimal micronutrient application could provide both yield and quality advantages for rapeseed in poor soil.展开更多
A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of arsenic （As） stress on growth, nutrition and As uptake, and speciation in shoots and roots of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. Winter wheat h...A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of arsenic （As） stress on growth, nutrition and As uptake, and speciation in shoots and roots of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. Winter wheat has high tolerance to As. Most As is accumulated in the roots, and an As concentration of 4,421 mg/kg was observed at a solution concentration of 20 mg/L As. Arsenic concentrations in roots were approximately 40-100 times greater than those in shoots. Arsenic in winter wheat roots and shoots occurred as both As^3＋ and As^5＋ species, although As^3＋ was the main species in winter wheat tissues. Arsenic significantly decreased the biomass of winter wheat shoots and roots and affected absorption and transport of micro- and macro-elements in winter wheat tissue. Arsenic treatment significantly increased the concentrations of total Magnesium （Mg） and calcium （Ca） in shoots and enhanced the transport of Mg and Ca from roots to shoots but decreased potassium （K）, nitrogen （N）, and phosphorus （P） concentrations in both shoots and roots, particularly the concentration of P. Concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc in winter wheat shoots were negatively related to As rates, with correlation coefficients （R^2） of 0.93, 0.94, and 0.97, respectively.展开更多
Objectives：To investigate the effects of different nitrate sources on the uptake,transport,and distribution of molybdenum（Mo）between two oilseed rape（Brassica napus L.）cultivars,L0917 and ZS11.Methods：A hydropon...Objectives：To investigate the effects of different nitrate sources on the uptake,transport,and distribution of molybdenum（Mo）between two oilseed rape（Brassica napus L.）cultivars,L0917 and ZS11.Methods：A hydroponic culture experiment was conducted with four nitrate/ammonium（NO3^-：NH4^＋）ratios（14：1,9：6,7.5：7.5,and 1：14）at a constant nitrogen concentration of 15 mmol/L.We examined Mo concentrations in roots,shoots,xylem and phloem sap,and subcellular fractions of leaves to contrast Mo uptake,transport,and subcellular distribution between ZS11and L0917.Results：Both the cultivars showed maximum biomass and Mo accumulation at the 7.5：7.5 ratio of NO3^-：NH4^＋ while those were decreased by the 14：1 and 1：14 treatments.However,the percentages of root Mo（14.8%and 15.0%for L0917 and ZS11,respectively）were low under the 7.5：7.5 treatment,suggesting that the equal NO3^-：NH4^＋ratio promoted Mo transportation from root to shoot.The xylem sap Mo concentration and phloem sap Mo accumulation of L0917 were lower than those of ZS11 under the 1：14 treatment,which suggests that higher NO3^-：NH4^＋ratio was more beneficial for L0917.On the contrary,a lower NO3^-：NH4^＋ratio was more beneficial for ZS11 to transport and remobilize Mo.Furthermore,the Mo concentrations of both the cultivars’leaf organelles were increased but the Mo accumulations of the cell wall and soluble fraction were reduced significantly under the 14：1 treatment,meaning that more Mo was accumulated in organelles under the highest NO3^-：NH4^＋ratio.Conclusions：This investigation demonstrated that the capacities of Mo absorption,transportation and subcellular distribution play an important role in genotype-dependent differences in Mo accumulation under low or high NO3^-：NH4^＋ratio conditions.展开更多
The essential micronutrient boron(B) has key roles in cell wall integrity and B deficiency inhibits plant growth. The role of jasmonic acid(JA) in plant growth inhibition under B deficiency remains unclear. Here,we re...The essential micronutrient boron(B) has key roles in cell wall integrity and B deficiency inhibits plant growth. The role of jasmonic acid(JA) in plant growth inhibition under B deficiency remains unclear. Here,we report that low B elevates JA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana by inducing the expression of JA biosynthesis genes. Treatment with JA inhibited plant growth and, a JA biosynthesis inhibitor enhanced plant growth, indicating that the JA induced by B deficiency affects plant growth. Furthermore,examination of the JA signaling mutants jasmonate resistant1, coronatine insensitive1-2, and myc2 showed that JA signaling negatively regulates plant growth under B deficiency. We identified a low-B responsive transcription factor, ERF018, and used yeast one-hybrid assays and transient activation assays in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells to demonstrate that ERF018 activates the expression of JA biosynthesis genes. ERF018 overexpression(OE)lines displayed stunted growth and up-regulation of JA biosynthesis genes under normal B conditions,compared to Col-0 and the difference between ERF018 OE lines and Col-0 diminished under low B.These results suggest that ERF018 enhances JA biosynthesis and thus negatively regulates plant growth. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of JA in the effect of low B on plant growth.展开更多
Inorganic phosphate(Pi)is often limited in soils due to precipitation with iron(Fe)and aluminum(Al).To scavenge heterogeneously distributed phosphorus(P)resources,plants have evolved a local Pi signaling pathway that ...Inorganic phosphate(Pi)is often limited in soils due to precipitation with iron(Fe)and aluminum(Al).To scavenge heterogeneously distributed phosphorus(P)resources,plants have evolved a local Pi signaling pathway that induces malate secretion to solubilize the occluded Fe-P or Al-P oxides.In this study,we show that Pi limitation impaired brassinosteroid signaling and downregulated BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1(BZR1)expression in Arabidopsis thaliana.Exogenous 2,4-epibrassinolide treatment or constitutive activation of BZR1(in the bzr1-D mutant)significantly reduced primary root growth inhibition under Pi-starvation conditions by downregulating ALUMINUM-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER 1(ALMT1)expression and malate secretion.Furthermore,At BZR1 competitively suppressed the activator effect of SENSITIVITY TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 1(STOP1)on ALMT1 expression and malate secretion in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and Arabidopsis.The ratio of nuclear-localized STOP1 and BZR1 determined ALMT1 expression and malate secretion in Arabidopsis.In addition,BZR1-inhibited malate secretion is conserved in rice(Oryza sativa).Our findings provide insight into plant mechanisms for optimizing the secretion of malate,an important carbon resource,to adapt to Pi-deficiency stress.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42577377).
文摘The application of modified biochar has been proven to be a novel and promising strategy to improve saline-alkali soil.However,the effect of iron-modified biochar(FB)on the chemical properties of saline-alkali soil at different depths remains unclear.Therefore,we designed a soil column and divided it into three consecutive parts(i.e.,topsoil,middle soil,and subsoil)to explore the amelioration effects of biochar on saline-alkali soil chemical properties and bacterial communities along a depth gradient in the treatments amended with 0.5%(weight/weight)pristine biochar(PB),1%(weight:weight)PB,0.5%(weight:weight)FB,and 1%(weight:weight)FB and without biochar(control,CK).The results showed that soil chemical properties were significantly improved with 1%FB application,while the amelioration effect of FB was different between the topsoil and subsoil.The activities of extracellular enzymes significantly increased in the topsoil and base cations decreased in the subsoil in the FB treatment compared with CK.Moreover,the abundances of halophilic taxa were higher in the subsoil than in the topsoil,especially for Bacteroidetes and Deinococcota.Furthermore,the abundances of beneficial bacteria(e.g.,c_Alphaproteobacteria,Sphingomonas,and Pontibacter)in saline-alkali soil increased in the FB treatment compared with CK.Our results suggest the ameliorative effect of FB on soil properties and bacterial communities along a soil depth gradient,providing a novel strategy for improving saline-alkali soil with biochar.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002122,32372805)。
文摘Brassica napus(oilseed rape)is sensitive to boron(B)deficiency and exhibits young leaf curling in response to low-B stress at the seedling stage,which leads to reduced photosynthesis and plant growth.So far,no gene has been identified to be involved in B deficiency induced leaf curling.Our previous results showed the transcription factor BnaA1.WRKY53 might be involved in B-deficiency tolerance.However,altered BnaA1.WRKY53 expression does not influence B concentration in shoot,root and leaf cell walls,which suggests Bna A1.WRKY53 might be involved in other biological processes.Indeed,phenotypic and anatomical analyses revealed that BnaA1.WRKY53 negatively regulated the leaf curling induced by leaf epinasty by suppressing the overexpansion of palisade cells under B deficiency.Further transcriptome enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between wild-type and BnaA1.WRKY53overexpression line showed auxin response pathway was enriched.In addition,Arabidopsis DR5::GFP auxin reporter line showed B deficiency caused predominant auxin signal accumulation in the adaxial side and concomitant adaxial cell expansion,which indicated that B deficiency may induce leaf curling by altering auxin distribution.Phytohormone quantification and gene expression analysis demonstrated that BnaA1.WRKY53 prevent auxin overaccumulation in leaves by suppressing auxin biosynthetic genes under B deficiency.Furthermore,exogenous 1-naphthlcetic acid(NAA)treatment experiments revealed that high auxin could induce leaf curling and BnaA1.WRKY53 expression.Overall,these findings demonstrate that auxin and the transcription factor BnaA1.WRKY53 synergistically regulate leaf curling to maintain an optimal leaf area under B deficiency,and provide novel insights into the resistance mechanisms against B-deficiency-induced leaf curling in oilseed rape.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(23KJA210003)the Open Project Program of Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety,the Ministry of Education of China,Yangzhou University(JILAR-KF202202).
文摘Variations in the nutrients and water that plants require for metabolism,development,and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis are the main causes of abiotic stress in plants.It has,however,hardly ever been studied how these transporter proteins,such as aquaporin which is responsible for food and water intake in cell plasma mem-branes,interact with one another.This review aims to explore the interactions between nutrient transporters and aquaporins during water and nutrient uptake.It also investigates how symbiotic relationships influence the plant genome’s responses to regulatory processes such as photoperiodism,senescence,and nitrogenfixation.These responses are observed in reaction to various abiotic stresses.For instance,plasma membrane transporters are upregulated during macronutrient insufficiency,tonoplast transporters are overexpressed,and aquaporins are downregulated in micronutrient deficiency.Additionally,tolerant plants often exhibit increased expression of nutrient transporters and aquaporins in response to drought,salt,and cold temperatures.To better comprehend plant stress tolerance to abiotic challenges including starvation,K famine,salt,and freezing temperatures,both classes of nutrient and water transporters should be considered at the same time.
基金supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, China (No.NCET-05-0666)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No.2006BAD25B01).
文摘A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn) and their interactions on seed yield and yield formation of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. var. Huashuang 4). Application of B fertilizer to a sandy soil increased the seed yield by 46.1% compared to the control and also created a considerably higher seed yield than the two treatments solely applying Mo and Zn fertilizers, which suggested that B was a main constraint for the seed yield of Huashuang 4 in this experiment. The effect of B fertilizer on the seed yield was attributed to an increase in the number of seeds per silique and siliques per plant. The combined application of B with Mo or Zn resulted in higher seed yield than the application of B, Mo or Zn alone, and the seed yield of the B+Mo+Zn treatment was the highest in all treatments, 68.1% above the control. Dry matter accumulation of seed followed a typical S-shaped curve and it was higher in plants supplied with B than in plants without B. A small but significant increase in the seed oil content and an improvement in the oil quality were also observed in all treatments compared with the control. These results suggested that optimal micronutrient application could provide both yield and quality advantages for rapeseed in poor soil.
文摘A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of arsenic （As） stress on growth, nutrition and As uptake, and speciation in shoots and roots of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. Winter wheat has high tolerance to As. Most As is accumulated in the roots, and an As concentration of 4,421 mg/kg was observed at a solution concentration of 20 mg/L As. Arsenic concentrations in roots were approximately 40-100 times greater than those in shoots. Arsenic in winter wheat roots and shoots occurred as both As^3＋ and As^5＋ species, although As^3＋ was the main species in winter wheat tissues. Arsenic significantly decreased the biomass of winter wheat shoots and roots and affected absorption and transport of micro- and macro-elements in winter wheat tissue. Arsenic treatment significantly increased the concentrations of total Magnesium （Mg） and calcium （Ca） in shoots and enhanced the transport of Mg and Ca from roots to shoots but decreased potassium （K）, nitrogen （N）, and phosphorus （P） concentrations in both shoots and roots, particularly the concentration of P. Concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc in winter wheat shoots were negatively related to As rates, with correlation coefficients （R^2） of 0.93, 0.94, and 0.97, respectively.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(No.2014BAD14B02)the“948”Project of the Ministry of Agriculture,China(Nos.2016-X41 and 2015-Z34)
文摘Objectives：To investigate the effects of different nitrate sources on the uptake,transport,and distribution of molybdenum（Mo）between two oilseed rape（Brassica napus L.）cultivars,L0917 and ZS11.Methods：A hydroponic culture experiment was conducted with four nitrate/ammonium（NO3^-：NH4^＋）ratios（14：1,9：6,7.5：7.5,and 1：14）at a constant nitrogen concentration of 15 mmol/L.We examined Mo concentrations in roots,shoots,xylem and phloem sap,and subcellular fractions of leaves to contrast Mo uptake,transport,and subcellular distribution between ZS11and L0917.Results：Both the cultivars showed maximum biomass and Mo accumulation at the 7.5：7.5 ratio of NO3^-：NH4^＋ while those were decreased by the 14：1 and 1：14 treatments.However,the percentages of root Mo（14.8%and 15.0%for L0917 and ZS11,respectively）were low under the 7.5：7.5 treatment,suggesting that the equal NO3^-：NH4^＋ratio promoted Mo transportation from root to shoot.The xylem sap Mo concentration and phloem sap Mo accumulation of L0917 were lower than those of ZS11 under the 1：14 treatment,which suggests that higher NO3^-：NH4^＋ratio was more beneficial for L0917.On the contrary,a lower NO3^-：NH4^＋ratio was more beneficial for ZS11 to transport and remobilize Mo.Furthermore,the Mo concentrations of both the cultivars’leaf organelles were increased but the Mo accumulations of the cell wall and soluble fraction were reduced significantly under the 14：1 treatment,meaning that more Mo was accumulated in organelles under the highest NO3^-：NH4^＋ratio.Conclusions：This investigation demonstrated that the capacities of Mo absorption,transportation and subcellular distribution play an important role in genotype-dependent differences in Mo accumulation under low or high NO3^-：NH4^＋ratio conditions.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772380 and 31972483)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(2662017QD039,2662019PY058,2662019PY013)。
文摘The essential micronutrient boron(B) has key roles in cell wall integrity and B deficiency inhibits plant growth. The role of jasmonic acid(JA) in plant growth inhibition under B deficiency remains unclear. Here,we report that low B elevates JA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana by inducing the expression of JA biosynthesis genes. Treatment with JA inhibited plant growth and, a JA biosynthesis inhibitor enhanced plant growth, indicating that the JA induced by B deficiency affects plant growth. Furthermore,examination of the JA signaling mutants jasmonate resistant1, coronatine insensitive1-2, and myc2 showed that JA signaling negatively regulates plant growth under B deficiency. We identified a low-B responsive transcription factor, ERF018, and used yeast one-hybrid assays and transient activation assays in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells to demonstrate that ERF018 activates the expression of JA biosynthesis genes. ERF018 overexpression(OE)lines displayed stunted growth and up-regulation of JA biosynthesis genes under normal B conditions,compared to Col-0 and the difference between ERF018 OE lines and Col-0 diminished under low B.These results suggest that ERF018 enhances JA biosynthesis and thus negatively regulates plant growth. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of JA in the effect of low B on plant growth.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1900700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072663)the Opening Project of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality&Safety Risk Assessment for Agroproducts(SZKF202201)。
文摘Inorganic phosphate(Pi)is often limited in soils due to precipitation with iron(Fe)and aluminum(Al).To scavenge heterogeneously distributed phosphorus(P)resources,plants have evolved a local Pi signaling pathway that induces malate secretion to solubilize the occluded Fe-P or Al-P oxides.In this study,we show that Pi limitation impaired brassinosteroid signaling and downregulated BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1(BZR1)expression in Arabidopsis thaliana.Exogenous 2,4-epibrassinolide treatment or constitutive activation of BZR1(in the bzr1-D mutant)significantly reduced primary root growth inhibition under Pi-starvation conditions by downregulating ALUMINUM-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER 1(ALMT1)expression and malate secretion.Furthermore,At BZR1 competitively suppressed the activator effect of SENSITIVITY TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 1(STOP1)on ALMT1 expression and malate secretion in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and Arabidopsis.The ratio of nuclear-localized STOP1 and BZR1 determined ALMT1 expression and malate secretion in Arabidopsis.In addition,BZR1-inhibited malate secretion is conserved in rice(Oryza sativa).Our findings provide insight into plant mechanisms for optimizing the secretion of malate,an important carbon resource,to adapt to Pi-deficiency stress.
