Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke,characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates,and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury.In recent decades,studies have rev...Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke,characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates,and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury.In recent decades,studies have revealed that gut microbiota can communicate bidirectionally with the brain through the gut microbiota–brain axis.This axis indicates that gut microbiota is closely related to the development and prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and its associated secondary white matter injury.The NACHT,LRR,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome plays a crucial role in this context.This review summarizes the dysbiosis of gut microbiota following intracerebral hemorrhage and explores the mechanisms by which this imbalance may promote the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.These mechanisms include metabolic pathways(involving short-chain fatty acids,lipopolysaccharides,lactic acid,bile acids,trimethylamine-N-oxide,and tryptophan),neural pathways(such as the vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve),and immune pathways(involving microglia and T cells).We then discuss the relationship between the activated NLRP3 inflammasome and secondary white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can exacerbate secondary white matter injury by disrupting the blood–brain barrier,inducing neuroinflammation,and interfering with nerve regeneration.Finally,we outline potential treatment strategies for intracerebral hemorrhage and its secondary white matter injury.Our review highlights the critical role of the gut microbiota–brain axis and the NLRP3 inflammasome in white matter injury following intracerebral hemorrhage,paving the way for exploring potential therapeutic approaches.展开更多
Objective Elevated depressive symptoms are well-documented among geriatric adults with cardiovascular disease(CVD);however,few studies have accounted for long-term cumulative depressive symptom exposure.This study det...Objective Elevated depressive symptoms are well-documented among geriatric adults with cardiovascular disease(CVD);however,few studies have accounted for long-term cumulative depressive symptom exposure.This study determined the relationship between cumulative depressive symptoms and CVD.Methods Individual participant data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)and Health and Retirement Study(HRS).Eligible participants had access to assessment information on depressive symptoms and had no history of CVD at baseline.Long-term cumulative depressive symptoms were estimated by calculating the area under the curve based on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.Results Herein,8,861 participants from CHARLS(mean age:58.58 years;male:48.6%)and 7,284 from HRS(60.94 years;35.0%)were enrolled.The median follow-up period was 5 years for the CHARLS and10 years for the HRS.Compared with the first quartile of cumulative depressive symptoms,the HRs(95%CI)in the fourth quartile were 1.73(1.48,2.02)for predicting CVD(P<0.001),1.83(1.52,2.19)for heart disease(P<0.001),1.53(95%CI:1.17,1.99)for stroke(P=0.002)in CHARLS.For HRS,the HRs(95%CI)were 1.41(95%CI:1.27,1.57;P<0.001),1.42(95%CI:1.26,1.59;P<0.001),and 1.30(95%CI:1.06,1.58;P=0.010)respectively.Strong dose-response relationships were observed,with similar results for the two cohorts.Conclusion Long-term cumulative depressive symptoms were significantly associated with incident CVD in middle-aged and older adults,providing insights into controlling long-term depressive symptoms to improve this cohort's health.展开更多
Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart...Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart monitoring terminal,cloud storage/computing technology,and artificial intelligence,smart gas sensors represent the future of gassensing due to their merits of real-time multifunctional monitoring,earlywarning function,and intelligent and automated feature.Various electronicand optoelectronic gas sensors have been developed for high-performancesmart gas analysis.With the development of smart terminals and the maturityof integrated technology,flexible and wearable gas sensors play an increasingrole in gas analysis.This review highlights recent advances of smart gassensors in diverse applications.The structural components and fundamentalprinciples of electronic and optoelectronic gas sensors are described,andflexible and wearable gas sensor devices are highlighted.Moreover,sensorarray with artificial intelligence algorithms and smart gas sensors in“Internet of Things”paradigm are introduced.Finally,the challengesand perspectives of smart gas sensors are discussed regarding the future need of gas sensors for smart city and healthy living.展开更多
In this review,we summarize the recent microbiome studies related to diabetes disease and discuss the key findings that show the early emerging potential causal roles for diabetes.On a global scale,diabetes causes a s...In this review,we summarize the recent microbiome studies related to diabetes disease and discuss the key findings that show the early emerging potential causal roles for diabetes.On a global scale,diabetes causes a significant negative impact to the health status of human populations.This review covers type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.We examine promising studies which lead to a better understanding of the potential mechanism of microbiota in diabetes diseases.It appears that the human oral and gut microbiota are deeply interdigitated with diabetes.It is that simple.Recent studies of the human microbiome are capturing the attention of scientists and healthcare practitioners worldwide by focusing on the interplay of gut microbiome and diabetes.These studies focus on the role and the potential impact of intestinal microflora in diabetes.We paint a clear picture of how strongly microbes are linked and associated,both positively and negatively,with the fundamental and essential parts of diabetes in humans.The microflora seems to have an endless capacity to impact and transform diabetes.We conclude that there is clear and growing evidence of a close relationship between the microbiota and diabetes and this is worthy of future investments and research efforts.展开更多
Heavy metal pollution affects soil ecological function.Biochar and compost can effectively remediate heavy metals and increase soil nutrients.The effects and mechanisms of biochar and compost amendments on soil nitrog...Heavy metal pollution affects soil ecological function.Biochar and compost can effectively remediate heavy metals and increase soil nutrients.The effects and mechanisms of biochar and compost amendments on soil nitrogen cycle function in heavy-metal contaminated soils are not fully understood.This study examined how biochar,compost,and their integrated use affected ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in heavy metal polluted soil.Quantitative PCR was used to determine the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)and bacteria(AOB).Ammonia monooxygenase(AMO)activity was evaluated by the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay.Results showed that compost rather than biochar improved nitrogen conversion in soil.Biochar,compost,or their integrated application significantly reduced the effective Zn and Cd speciation.Adding compost obviously increased As and Cu effective speciation,bacterial 16 S rRNA abundance,and AMO activity.AOB,stimulated by compost addition,was significantly more abundant than AOA throughout remediation.Correlation analysis showed that AOB abundance positively correlated with NO_(3)^(-)-N(r=0.830,P<0.01),and that AMO activity had significant correlation with EC(r=-0.908,P<0.01)and water-soluble carbon(r=-0.868,P<0.01).Those seem to be the most vital factors affecting AOB community and their function in heavy metal-polluted soil remediated by biochar and compost.展开更多
The identification of tissue origin of body fluid can provide clues and evidence for criminal case investigations.To establish an efficient method for identifying body fluid in forensic cases,eight novel body fluid-sp...The identification of tissue origin of body fluid can provide clues and evidence for criminal case investigations.To establish an efficient method for identifying body fluid in forensic cases,eight novel body fluid-specific DNA methylation markers were selected in this study,and a multiplex single base extension reaction(SNaPshot)system for these markers was constructed for the identification of five common body fluids(venous blood,saliva,menstrual blood,vaginal fluid,and semen).The results indicated that the in-house system showed good species specificity,sensitivity,and ability to identify mixed biological samples.At the same time,an artificial body fluid prediction model and two machine learning prediction models based on the support vector machine(SVM)and random forest(RF)algorithms were constructed using previous research data,and these models were validated using the detection data obtained in this study(n=95).The accuracy of the prediction model based on experience was 95.79%;the prediction accuracy of the SVM prediction model was 100.00%for four kinds of body fluids except saliva(96.84%);and the prediction accuracy of the RF prediction model was 100.00%for all five kinds of body fluids.In conclusion,the in-house SNaPshot system and RF prediction model could achieve accurate tissue origin identification of body fluids.展开更多
Periodontitis is a critical risk factor for the occurrence and development of diabetes.Porphyromonas gingivalis may participate in insulin resistance(IR)caused by periodontal inflammation,but the functional role and s...Periodontitis is a critical risk factor for the occurrence and development of diabetes.Porphyromonas gingivalis may participate in insulin resistance(IR)caused by periodontal inflammation,but the functional role and specific mechanisms of P.gingivalis in IR remain unclear.In the present study,clinical samples were analysed to determine the statistical correlation between P.gingivalis and IR occurrence.Through culturing of hepatocytes,myocytes,and adipocytes,and feeding mice P.gingivalis orally,the functional correlation between P.gingivalis and IR occurrence was further studied both in vitro and in vivo.Clinical data suggested that the amount of P.gingivalis isolated was correlated with the Homeostatic Model Assessment for IR score.In vitro studies suggested that coculture with P.gingivalis decreased glucose uptake and insulin receptor(INSR)protein expression in hepatocytes,myocytes,and adipocytes.Mice fed P.gingivalis tended to undergo IR.P.gingivalis was detectable in the liver,skeletal muscle,and adipose tissue of experimental mice.The distribution sites of gingipain coincided with the downregulation of INSR.Gingipain proteolysed the functional insulin-binding region of INSR.Coculture with P.gingivalis significantly decreased the INSR–insulin binding ability.Knocking out gingipain from P.gingivalis alleviated the negative effects of P.gingivalis on IR in vivo.Taken together,these findings indicate that distantly migrated P.gingivalis may directly proteolytically degrade INSR through gingipain,thereby leading to IR.The results provide a new strategy for preventing diabetes by targeting periodontal pathogens and provide new ideas for exploring novel mechanisms by which periodontal inflammation affects the systemic metabolic state.展开更多
Over the last decade,significant progress has been made in understanding the evolutionary,ecological,and metabolic significance of the gut microbiota for human health.This significant progress owes a considerable debt...Over the last decade,significant progress has been made in understanding the evolutionary,ecological,and metabolic significance of the gut microbiota for human health.This significant progress owes a considerable debt to the con-secutive publication of two seminal research papers origi-nating from pivotal research initiatives:METAgenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract(MetaHIT)(Qin et al.2010)and Human Microbiome Project(HMP)(Human Microbiome Project 2012).展开更多
Variation of maternal gut microbiota may increase the risk of autism spectrum disorders(ASDs) in offspring. Animal studies have indicated that maternal gut microbiota is related to neurodevelopmental abnormalities in ...Variation of maternal gut microbiota may increase the risk of autism spectrum disorders(ASDs) in offspring. Animal studies have indicated that maternal gut microbiota is related to neurodevelopmental abnormalities in mouse offspring, while it is unclear whether there is a correlation between gut microbiota of ASD children and their mothers. We examined the relationships between gut microbiome profiles of ASD children and those of their mothers, and evaluated the clinical discriminatory power of discovered bacterial biomarkers. Gut microbiome was profiled and evaluated by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing in stool samples of 59 mother–child pairs of ASD children and 30 matched mother–child pairs of healthy children. Significant differences were observed in the gut microbiome composition between ASD and healthy children in our Chinese cohort. Several unique bacterial biomarkers, such as Alcaligenaceae and Acinetobacter, were identified. Mothers of ASD children had more Proteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Moraxellaceae, and Acinetobacter than mothers of healthy children. There was a clear correlation between gut microbiome profiles of children and their mothers; however, children with ASD still had unique bacterial biomarkers, such as Alcaligenaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Clostridium. Candidate biomarkers discovered in this study had remarkable discriminatory power. The identified patterns of mother–child gut microbiome profiles may be important for assessing risks during the early stage and planning of personalized treatment and prevention of ASD via microbiota modulation.展开更多
The data output from microbiome research is growing at an accelerating rate,yet mining the data quickly and efficiently remains difficult.There is still a lack of an effective data structure to represent and manage da...The data output from microbiome research is growing at an accelerating rate,yet mining the data quickly and efficiently remains difficult.There is still a lack of an effective data structure to represent and manage data,as well as flexible and composable analysis methods.In response to these two issues,we designed and developed the MicrobiotaProcess package.It provides a comprehensive data structure,MPSE,to better integrate the primary and intermediate data,which improves the integration and exploration of the downstream data.Around this data structure,the downstream analysis tasks are decomposed and a set of functions are designed under a tidy framework.These functions independently perform simple tasks and can be combined to perform complex tasks.展开更多
Mangrove reforestation with introduced species has been an important strategy to restore mangrove ecosystem functioning.However,how such activities affect microbially driven methane(CH4),nitrogen(N),and sulfur(S)cycli...Mangrove reforestation with introduced species has been an important strategy to restore mangrove ecosystem functioning.However,how such activities affect microbially driven methane(CH4),nitrogen(N),and sulfur(S)cycling of rhizosphere microbiomes remains unclear.To understand the effect of environmental selection and the evolutionary process on microbially driven biogeochemical cycles in native and introduced mangrove rhizospheres,we analyzed key genomic and functional profiles of rhizosphere microbiomes from native and introduced mangrove species by metagenome sequencing technologies.Compared with the native mangrove(Kandelia obovata,KO),the introduced mangrove(Sonneratia apetala,SA)rhizosphere microbiome had significantly(p<0.05)higher average genome size(AGS)(5.8 vs.5.5 Mb),average 16S ribosomal RNA gene copy number(3.5 vs.3.1),relative abundances of mobile genetic elements,and functional diversity in terms of the Shannon index(7.88 vs.7.84)but lower functional potentials involved in CH4 cycling(e.g.,mcrABCDG and pmoABC),N2 fixation(nifHDK),and inorganic S cycling(dsrAB,dsrC,dsrMKJOP,soxB,sqr,and fccAB).Similar results were also observed from the recovered Proteobacterial metagenome-assembled genomes with a higher AGS and distinct functions in the introduced mangrove rhizosphere.Additionally,salinity and ammonium were identified as the main environmental drivers of functional profiles of mangrove rhizosphere microbiomes through deterministic processes.This study advances our understanding of microbially mediated biogeochemical cycling of CH_(4),N,and S in the mangrove rhizosphere and provides novel insights into the influence of environmental selection and evolutionary processes on ecosystem functions,which has important implications for future mangrove reforestation.展开更多
Aim:The microbiome has been shown to be pivotal in the development of metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).Few have examined the relationship of the microbiome specifically with steatosis grade.Therefore,ou...Aim:The microbiome has been shown to be pivotal in the development of metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).Few have examined the relationship of the microbiome specifically with steatosis grade.Therefore,our aim was to characterize the association of the microbiome with MAFLD steatosis severity while adjusting for metabolic comorbidities including diabetes.Methods:We enrolled patients with MAFLD at the West Los Angeles Veterans Affair Hospital.All patients underwent ultrasound elastography,fasting serum collection,and fecal sampling for 16S sequencing.We examined the associations of microbial diversity and composition with advanced steatosis,defined as a CAP score of≥300 dB/m,with or without the presence of metabolic comorbidities.Results:Seventy-five patients were enrolled.African American were less likely to have advanced steatosis than either Hispanics or Whites(P=0.001).Patients with more advanced steatosis had higher fasting serum triglyceride(192.6±157.1 mg/dL vs.122.5±57.4 mg/dL),HbA1c(6.7%±1.4%vs.6.1%±0.8%),transaminases,and were more likely to have metabolic syndrome(52.4%vs.24.2%,P=0.02).Advanced steatosis and diabetes were associated with altered microbial composition.Bacteroides was negatively associated with advanced steatosis while Megasphaera was positively associated with steatosis.Akkermansia was negatively associated with diabetes,while Anaerostipes and Parabacteroides were positively associated with diabetes.Conclusion:Diabetes and metabolic syndrome are associated with hepatic steatosis severity in MAFLD patients and both advanced steatosis and comorbid diabetes are independently associated with microbiome changes.These results provide insight into the role of the gut microbiome in MAFLD associated with metabolic syndrome.展开更多
Both microbiota and carcinogens play crucial roles in tumorigenesis,yet the effect of microbes on carcinogen biotransformation remains poorly understood.Roje et al.(2024)provide new insights into microbe-carcinogen in...Both microbiota and carcinogens play crucial roles in tumorigenesis,yet the effect of microbes on carcinogen biotransformation remains poorly understood.Roje et al.(2024)provide new insights into microbe-carcinogen interactions,demonstrating that intestinal microbiota drives bladder cancer development by modulating the metabolism of the carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine(BBN).展开更多
Although the compositional alterations of gut bacteria in ketogenic diet(KD)have been intensively investigated,the causal relationship between this extreme diet and the microbiota changes is not fully understood.Here,...Although the compositional alterations of gut bacteria in ketogenic diet(KD)have been intensively investigated,the causal relationship between this extreme diet and the microbiota changes is not fully understood.Here,we studied the growth dynamics of intestinal bacteria in KD.We used the CoPTR method to calculate the peak-to-trough ratio(PTR)based on metagenomic sequencing data,serving as an indicator of bacterial growth rates.Notably,Akkermansia muciniphila,a bacterium strongly linked to the therapeutic benefits of KD,exhibited one of the highest growth rates,aligning with its markedly elevated abundance.Our findings also revealed discrepancies in the change patterns of CoPTR values and relative abundances for various bacteria across different diet groups,some of which might be attributed to the exceptionally high or low growth rates of specific species.For some of the species demonstrating obvious differences in growth rates between KD and standard diet,we conducted in vitro culture experiments,supplementing them with diverse nutritional sources to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.The integrative analysis of bacterial abundance and growth dynamics can help deepen our understanding of the gut microbiota changes caused by KD and the therapeutic effects of this special diet.展开更多
Effective data visualization is crucial for researchers,revealing patterns,trends,and insights that might otherwise remain hidden.Integrating related visualizations can reveal correlations and relationships that are n...Effective data visualization is crucial for researchers,revealing patterns,trends,and insights that might otherwise remain hidden.Integrating related visualizations can reveal correlations and relationships that are not evident when analyzing datasets separately.Despite increasing demand,there is a shortage of general tools to seamlessly combine diverse datasets to create complex visual representations.The aplot package addresses this by allowing users to independently create subplots and assemble them into a cohesive composite figure.It automatically reorders datasets for coordinate consistency,removing the need for manual adjustment.This modular approach simplifies the creation of complex visualizations,allowing customization to meet specific needs.Aplot’s versatility is ideal for integrating multi-omics datasets and analytical results for biological insights.The package is freely available on CRAN at https://cran.r-project.org/package=aplot,offering researchers a powerful tool for enhanced data exploration and visualizing workflows.展开更多
Agricultural activities, including stock-farming, planting industry, and fish aquaculture,can affect the physicochemical and biological characters of freshwater lakes. However, the effects of pollution producing by ag...Agricultural activities, including stock-farming, planting industry, and fish aquaculture,can affect the physicochemical and biological characters of freshwater lakes. However, the effects of pollution producing by agricultural activities on microbial ecosystem of lakes remain unclear.Hence, in this work, we selected Honghu Lake as a typical lake that is influenced by agriculture activities. We collected water and sediment samples from 18 sites, which span a wide range of areas from impacted and less-impacted areas. We performed a geospatial analysis on the composition of microbial communities associated with physicochemical properties and antibiotic pollution of samples. The co-occurrence networks of water and sediment were also built and analyzed. Our results showed that the microbial communities of impacted and less-impacted samples of water were largely driven by the concentrations of TN, TP, NO_3^--N, and NO_2^--N, while those of sediment were affected by the concentrations of Sed-OM and Sed-TN. Antibiotics have also played important roles in shaping these microbial communities: the concentrations of oxytetracycline and tetracycline clearly reflected the variance in taxonomic diversity and predicted functional diversity between impacted and less-impacted sites in water and sediment samples, respectively. Furthermore, for samples from both water and sediment, large differences of network topology structures between impacted and less-impacted were also observed. Our results provide compelling evidence that the microbial community can be used as a sentinel of eutrophication and antibiotics pollution risk associated with agricultural activity; and that proper monitoring of this environment is vital to maintain a sustainable environment in Honghu Lake.展开更多
The gut microbiota is involved in host responses to high altitude.However,the dynamics of intestinal microecology and their association with altitude-related illness are poorly understood.Here,we used a rat model of h...The gut microbiota is involved in host responses to high altitude.However,the dynamics of intestinal microecology and their association with altitude-related illness are poorly understood.Here,we used a rat model of hypobaric hypoxia challenge to mimic plateau exposure and monitored the gut microbiome,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and bile acids(BAs)over 28 d.We identified weight loss,polycythemia,and pathological cardiac hypertrophy in hypoxic rats,accompanied by a large compositional shift in the gut microbiota,which is mainly driven by the bacterial families of Prevotellaceae,Porphyromonadaceae,and Streptococcaceae.The aberrant gut microbiota was characterized by increased abundance of the Parabacteroides,Alistipes,and Lactococcus genera and a larger Bacteroides to Prevotella ratio.Trans-omics analyses showed that the gut microbiome was significantly correlated with the metabolic abnormalities of SCFAs and BAs in feces,suggesting an interaction network remodeling of the microbiome-metabolome after the hypobaric hypoxia challenge.Interestingly,the transplantation of fecal microbiota significantly increased the diversity of the gut microbiota,partially inhibited the increased abundance of the Bacteroides and Alistipes genera,restored the decrease of plasma propionate,and moderately ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy in hypoxic rats.Our results provide an insight into the longitudinal changes in intestinal microecology during the hypobaric hypoxia challenge.Abnormalities in the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites contribute to the development of high-altitude heart disease in rats.展开更多
The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery.Depending on the localized regions,microbiota can be classified into gut,oral,respiratory,and skin microbiota....The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery.Depending on the localized regions,microbiota can be classified into gut,oral,respiratory,and skin microbiota.The microbial communities are in symbiosis with the host,contributing to homeostasis and regulating immune function.However,microbiota dysbiosis can lead to dysregulation of bodily functions and diseases including cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),cancers,respiratory diseases.展开更多
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury(HIRI) is a serious complication that occurs following shock and/or liver surgery. Gut microbiota and their metabolites are key upstream modulators of development of liver injury. He...Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury(HIRI) is a serious complication that occurs following shock and/or liver surgery. Gut microbiota and their metabolites are key upstream modulators of development of liver injury. Herein, we investigated the potential contribution of gut microbes to HIRI.Ischemia/reperfusion surgery was performed to establish a murine model of HIRI. 16 S r RNA gene sequencing and metabolomics were used for microbial analysis. Transcriptomics and proteomics analysis were employed to study the host cell responses. Our results establish HIRI was significantly increased when surgery occurred in the evening(ZT12, 20:00) when compared with the morning(ZT0, 08:00);however, antibiotic pretreatment reduced this diurnal variation. The abundance of a microbial metabolite3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid was significantly higher in ZT0 when compared with ZT12 in the gut and this compound significantly protected mice against HIRI. Furthermore, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid suppressed the macrophage pro-inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro. This metabolite inhibits histone deacetylase activity by reducing its phosphorylation. Histone deacetylase inhibition suppressed macrophage pro-inflammatory activation and diminished the diurnal variation of HIRI. Our findings revealed a novel protective microbial metabolite against HIRI in mice. The potential underlying mechanism was at least in part, via 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid-dependent immune regulation and histone deacetylase(HDAC) inhibition in macrophages.展开更多
The metabolic benefits associated with long-term physical activity are well appreciated and growing evidence suggests that it involves the gut microbiota.Here we re-evaluated the link between exercise-induced microbia...The metabolic benefits associated with long-term physical activity are well appreciated and growing evidence suggests that it involves the gut microbiota.Here we re-evaluated the link between exercise-induced microbial changes and those associated with prediabetes and diabetes.We found that the relative abundances of substantial amounts of diabetes-associated metagenomic species associated negatively with physical fitness in a Chinese athlete students cohort.We additionally showed that those microbial changes correlated more with handgrip strength,a simple but valuable biomarker suggestive of the diabetes states,than maximum oxygen intake,one of the key surrogates for endurance training.Moreover,the causal relationships among exercise,risks for diabetes,and gut microbiota were explored based on mediation analysis.We propose that the protective roles of exercise against type 2 diabetes are mediated,at least partly,by the gut microbiota.展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.2023A1515030045(to HS)Presidential Foundation of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University,No.yzjj2022ms4(to HS)。
文摘Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke,characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates,and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury.In recent decades,studies have revealed that gut microbiota can communicate bidirectionally with the brain through the gut microbiota–brain axis.This axis indicates that gut microbiota is closely related to the development and prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and its associated secondary white matter injury.The NACHT,LRR,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome plays a crucial role in this context.This review summarizes the dysbiosis of gut microbiota following intracerebral hemorrhage and explores the mechanisms by which this imbalance may promote the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.These mechanisms include metabolic pathways(involving short-chain fatty acids,lipopolysaccharides,lactic acid,bile acids,trimethylamine-N-oxide,and tryptophan),neural pathways(such as the vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve),and immune pathways(involving microglia and T cells).We then discuss the relationship between the activated NLRP3 inflammasome and secondary white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can exacerbate secondary white matter injury by disrupting the blood–brain barrier,inducing neuroinflammation,and interfering with nerve regeneration.Finally,we outline potential treatment strategies for intracerebral hemorrhage and its secondary white matter injury.Our review highlights the critical role of the gut microbiota–brain axis and the NLRP3 inflammasome in white matter injury following intracerebral hemorrhage,paving the way for exploring potential therapeutic approaches.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515011629)Construction of High-level University of Guangdong(G623330580and G621331128)Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme(2019)。
文摘Objective Elevated depressive symptoms are well-documented among geriatric adults with cardiovascular disease(CVD);however,few studies have accounted for long-term cumulative depressive symptom exposure.This study determined the relationship between cumulative depressive symptoms and CVD.Methods Individual participant data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)and Health and Retirement Study(HRS).Eligible participants had access to assessment information on depressive symptoms and had no history of CVD at baseline.Long-term cumulative depressive symptoms were estimated by calculating the area under the curve based on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.Results Herein,8,861 participants from CHARLS(mean age:58.58 years;male:48.6%)and 7,284 from HRS(60.94 years;35.0%)were enrolled.The median follow-up period was 5 years for the CHARLS and10 years for the HRS.Compared with the first quartile of cumulative depressive symptoms,the HRs(95%CI)in the fourth quartile were 1.73(1.48,2.02)for predicting CVD(P<0.001),1.83(1.52,2.19)for heart disease(P<0.001),1.53(95%CI:1.17,1.99)for stroke(P=0.002)in CHARLS.For HRS,the HRs(95%CI)were 1.41(95%CI:1.27,1.57;P<0.001),1.42(95%CI:1.26,1.59;P<0.001),and 1.30(95%CI:1.06,1.58;P=0.010)respectively.Strong dose-response relationships were observed,with similar results for the two cohorts.Conclusion Long-term cumulative depressive symptoms were significantly associated with incident CVD in middle-aged and older adults,providing insights into controlling long-term depressive symptoms to improve this cohort's health.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22376159)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart monitoring terminal,cloud storage/computing technology,and artificial intelligence,smart gas sensors represent the future of gassensing due to their merits of real-time multifunctional monitoring,earlywarning function,and intelligent and automated feature.Various electronicand optoelectronic gas sensors have been developed for high-performancesmart gas analysis.With the development of smart terminals and the maturityof integrated technology,flexible and wearable gas sensors play an increasingrole in gas analysis.This review highlights recent advances of smart gassensors in diverse applications.The structural components and fundamentalprinciples of electronic and optoelectronic gas sensors are described,andflexible and wearable gas sensor devices are highlighted.Moreover,sensorarray with artificial intelligence algorithms and smart gas sensors in“Internet of Things”paradigm are introduced.Finally,the challengesand perspectives of smart gas sensors are discussed regarding the future need of gas sensors for smart city and healthy living.
基金Supported by Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program,No.2018CXGC1219City of Weihai Technique Extension Project,No.2016GNS023+1 种基金TaiShan Scholars Program of Shandong Province,No.tshw20120206TaiShan Industrial Experts Program,No.tscy20190612.
文摘In this review,we summarize the recent microbiome studies related to diabetes disease and discuss the key findings that show the early emerging potential causal roles for diabetes.On a global scale,diabetes causes a significant negative impact to the health status of human populations.This review covers type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.We examine promising studies which lead to a better understanding of the potential mechanism of microbiota in diabetes diseases.It appears that the human oral and gut microbiota are deeply interdigitated with diabetes.It is that simple.Recent studies of the human microbiome are capturing the attention of scientists and healthcare practitioners worldwide by focusing on the interplay of gut microbiome and diabetes.These studies focus on the role and the potential impact of intestinal microflora in diabetes.We paint a clear picture of how strongly microbes are linked and associated,both positively and negatively,with the fundamental and essential parts of diabetes in humans.The microflora seems to have an endless capacity to impact and transform diabetes.We conclude that there is clear and growing evidence of a close relationship between the microbiota and diabetes and this is worthy of future investments and research efforts.
基金supported by the Hunan Provincial Key Research and Development Project(Nos.2019WK2031 and 2017SK2351)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51408219)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hu-nan Province(No.2020JJ5259)the Outstanding Youth Fund Project of the Hunan Education Department(No.18B094)。
文摘Heavy metal pollution affects soil ecological function.Biochar and compost can effectively remediate heavy metals and increase soil nutrients.The effects and mechanisms of biochar and compost amendments on soil nitrogen cycle function in heavy-metal contaminated soils are not fully understood.This study examined how biochar,compost,and their integrated use affected ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in heavy metal polluted soil.Quantitative PCR was used to determine the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)and bacteria(AOB).Ammonia monooxygenase(AMO)activity was evaluated by the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay.Results showed that compost rather than biochar improved nitrogen conversion in soil.Biochar,compost,or their integrated application significantly reduced the effective Zn and Cd speciation.Adding compost obviously increased As and Cu effective speciation,bacterial 16 S rRNA abundance,and AMO activity.AOB,stimulated by compost addition,was significantly more abundant than AOA throughout remediation.Correlation analysis showed that AOB abundance positively correlated with NO_(3)^(-)-N(r=0.830,P<0.01),and that AMO activity had significant correlation with EC(r=-0.908,P<0.01)and water-soluble carbon(r=-0.868,P<0.01).Those seem to be the most vital factors affecting AOB community and their function in heavy metal-polluted soil remediated by biochar and compost.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81930055 and 81772031).
文摘The identification of tissue origin of body fluid can provide clues and evidence for criminal case investigations.To establish an efficient method for identifying body fluid in forensic cases,eight novel body fluid-specific DNA methylation markers were selected in this study,and a multiplex single base extension reaction(SNaPshot)system for these markers was constructed for the identification of five common body fluids(venous blood,saliva,menstrual blood,vaginal fluid,and semen).The results indicated that the in-house system showed good species specificity,sensitivity,and ability to identify mixed biological samples.At the same time,an artificial body fluid prediction model and two machine learning prediction models based on the support vector machine(SVM)and random forest(RF)algorithms were constructed using previous research data,and these models were validated using the detection data obtained in this study(n=95).The accuracy of the prediction model based on experience was 95.79%;the prediction accuracy of the SVM prediction model was 100.00%for four kinds of body fluids except saliva(96.84%);and the prediction accuracy of the RF prediction model was 100.00%for all five kinds of body fluids.In conclusion,the in-house SNaPshot system and RF prediction model could achieve accurate tissue origin identification of body fluids.
基金supported by the Major Research Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Subproject No.81991503)the Youth Research Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82201069)+1 种基金the Innovative Talent Promotion Plan of Shaanxi Province-Research Fund for Young Star of Science and Technology(No.2021KJXX-24,No.2022KJXX-100)Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund of Guangdong Province(No.2023A1515012126).
文摘Periodontitis is a critical risk factor for the occurrence and development of diabetes.Porphyromonas gingivalis may participate in insulin resistance(IR)caused by periodontal inflammation,but the functional role and specific mechanisms of P.gingivalis in IR remain unclear.In the present study,clinical samples were analysed to determine the statistical correlation between P.gingivalis and IR occurrence.Through culturing of hepatocytes,myocytes,and adipocytes,and feeding mice P.gingivalis orally,the functional correlation between P.gingivalis and IR occurrence was further studied both in vitro and in vivo.Clinical data suggested that the amount of P.gingivalis isolated was correlated with the Homeostatic Model Assessment for IR score.In vitro studies suggested that coculture with P.gingivalis decreased glucose uptake and insulin receptor(INSR)protein expression in hepatocytes,myocytes,and adipocytes.Mice fed P.gingivalis tended to undergo IR.P.gingivalis was detectable in the liver,skeletal muscle,and adipose tissue of experimental mice.The distribution sites of gingipain coincided with the downregulation of INSR.Gingipain proteolysed the functional insulin-binding region of INSR.Coculture with P.gingivalis significantly decreased the INSR–insulin binding ability.Knocking out gingipain from P.gingivalis alleviated the negative effects of P.gingivalis on IR in vivo.Taken together,these findings indicate that distantly migrated P.gingivalis may directly proteolytically degrade INSR through gingipain,thereby leading to IR.The results provide a new strategy for preventing diabetes by targeting periodontal pathogens and provide new ideas for exploring novel mechanisms by which periodontal inflammation affects the systemic metabolic state.
文摘Over the last decade,significant progress has been made in understanding the evolutionary,ecological,and metabolic significance of the gut microbiota for human health.This significant progress owes a considerable debt to the con-secutive publication of two seminal research papers origi-nating from pivotal research initiatives:METAgenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract(MetaHIT)(Qin et al.2010)and Human Microbiome Project(HMP)(Human Microbiome Project 2012).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81671362)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31471202)+4 种基金the Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Projects of Shandong Province (Grant No. 2015WSA01023)Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2018CXGC1219) to ZGthe Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2016YYSP009)the City of Weihai Technique Extension Project (Grant No. 2016GNS023) to LZsupported by the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province (Grant No. tshw20120206), China
文摘Variation of maternal gut microbiota may increase the risk of autism spectrum disorders(ASDs) in offspring. Animal studies have indicated that maternal gut microbiota is related to neurodevelopmental abnormalities in mouse offspring, while it is unclear whether there is a correlation between gut microbiota of ASD children and their mothers. We examined the relationships between gut microbiome profiles of ASD children and those of their mothers, and evaluated the clinical discriminatory power of discovered bacterial biomarkers. Gut microbiome was profiled and evaluated by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing in stool samples of 59 mother–child pairs of ASD children and 30 matched mother–child pairs of healthy children. Significant differences were observed in the gut microbiome composition between ASD and healthy children in our Chinese cohort. Several unique bacterial biomarkers, such as Alcaligenaceae and Acinetobacter, were identified. Mothers of ASD children had more Proteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Moraxellaceae, and Acinetobacter than mothers of healthy children. There was a clear correlation between gut microbiome profiles of children and their mothers; however, children with ASD still had unique bacterial biomarkers, such as Alcaligenaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Clostridium. Candidate biomarkers discovered in this study had remarkable discriminatory power. The identified patterns of mother–child gut microbiome profiles may be important for assessing risks during the early stage and planning of personalized treatment and prevention of ASD via microbiota modulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270677).
文摘The data output from microbiome research is growing at an accelerating rate,yet mining the data quickly and efficiently remains difficult.There is still a lack of an effective data structure to represent and manage data,as well as flexible and composable analysis methods.In response to these two issues,we designed and developed the MicrobiotaProcess package.It provides a comprehensive data structure,MPSE,to better integrate the primary and intermediate data,which improves the integration and exploration of the downstream data.Around this data structure,the downstream analysis tasks are decomposed and a set of functions are designed under a tidy framework.These functions independently perform simple tasks and can be combined to perform complex tasks.
基金supported by the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(SML2020SP004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91951207,32100077,31770539,31870469,42177011,41676105,41771095,62170346)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M703751).
文摘Mangrove reforestation with introduced species has been an important strategy to restore mangrove ecosystem functioning.However,how such activities affect microbially driven methane(CH4),nitrogen(N),and sulfur(S)cycling of rhizosphere microbiomes remains unclear.To understand the effect of environmental selection and the evolutionary process on microbially driven biogeochemical cycles in native and introduced mangrove rhizospheres,we analyzed key genomic and functional profiles of rhizosphere microbiomes from native and introduced mangrove species by metagenome sequencing technologies.Compared with the native mangrove(Kandelia obovata,KO),the introduced mangrove(Sonneratia apetala,SA)rhizosphere microbiome had significantly(p<0.05)higher average genome size(AGS)(5.8 vs.5.5 Mb),average 16S ribosomal RNA gene copy number(3.5 vs.3.1),relative abundances of mobile genetic elements,and functional diversity in terms of the Shannon index(7.88 vs.7.84)but lower functional potentials involved in CH4 cycling(e.g.,mcrABCDG and pmoABC),N2 fixation(nifHDK),and inorganic S cycling(dsrAB,dsrC,dsrMKJOP,soxB,sqr,and fccAB).Similar results were also observed from the recovered Proteobacterial metagenome-assembled genomes with a higher AGS and distinct functions in the introduced mangrove rhizosphere.Additionally,salinity and ammonium were identified as the main environmental drivers of functional profiles of mangrove rhizosphere microbiomes through deterministic processes.This study advances our understanding of microbially mediated biogeochemical cycling of CH_(4),N,and S in the mangrove rhizosphere and provides novel insights into the influence of environmental selection and evolutionary processes on ecosystem functions,which has important implications for future mangrove reforestation.
基金funded by the Department of Veterans Affairs,grant number IK2CX001717(J.P.J.).
文摘Aim:The microbiome has been shown to be pivotal in the development of metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).Few have examined the relationship of the microbiome specifically with steatosis grade.Therefore,our aim was to characterize the association of the microbiome with MAFLD steatosis severity while adjusting for metabolic comorbidities including diabetes.Methods:We enrolled patients with MAFLD at the West Los Angeles Veterans Affair Hospital.All patients underwent ultrasound elastography,fasting serum collection,and fecal sampling for 16S sequencing.We examined the associations of microbial diversity and composition with advanced steatosis,defined as a CAP score of≥300 dB/m,with or without the presence of metabolic comorbidities.Results:Seventy-five patients were enrolled.African American were less likely to have advanced steatosis than either Hispanics or Whites(P=0.001).Patients with more advanced steatosis had higher fasting serum triglyceride(192.6±157.1 mg/dL vs.122.5±57.4 mg/dL),HbA1c(6.7%±1.4%vs.6.1%±0.8%),transaminases,and were more likely to have metabolic syndrome(52.4%vs.24.2%,P=0.02).Advanced steatosis and diabetes were associated with altered microbial composition.Bacteroides was negatively associated with advanced steatosis while Megasphaera was positively associated with steatosis.Akkermansia was negatively associated with diabetes,while Anaerostipes and Parabacteroides were positively associated with diabetes.Conclusion:Diabetes and metabolic syndrome are associated with hepatic steatosis severity in MAFLD patients and both advanced steatosis and comorbid diabetes are independently associated with microbiome changes.These results provide insight into the role of the gut microbiome in MAFLD associated with metabolic syndrome.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA0806400,2021YFC2701100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271215)。
文摘Both microbiota and carcinogens play crucial roles in tumorigenesis,yet the effect of microbes on carcinogen biotransformation remains poorly understood.Roje et al.(2024)provide new insights into microbe-carcinogen interactions,demonstrating that intestinal microbiota drives bladder cancer development by modulating the metabolism of the carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine(BBN).
基金supported by High Technology Research and Development Center,Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2019YFA0801900)the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(YG2023QNB22)+2 种基金Epilepsy Research Fund of China Association Against Epilepsy(CJ-B-2021-21)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.22122702)Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS202306).
文摘Although the compositional alterations of gut bacteria in ketogenic diet(KD)have been intensively investigated,the causal relationship between this extreme diet and the microbiota changes is not fully understood.Here,we studied the growth dynamics of intestinal bacteria in KD.We used the CoPTR method to calculate the peak-to-trough ratio(PTR)based on metagenomic sequencing data,serving as an indicator of bacterial growth rates.Notably,Akkermansia muciniphila,a bacterium strongly linked to the therapeutic benefits of KD,exhibited one of the highest growth rates,aligning with its markedly elevated abundance.Our findings also revealed discrepancies in the change patterns of CoPTR values and relative abundances for various bacteria across different diet groups,some of which might be attributed to the exceptionally high or low growth rates of specific species.For some of the species demonstrating obvious differences in growth rates between KD and standard diet,we conducted in vitro culture experiments,supplementing them with diverse nutritional sources to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.The integrative analysis of bacterial abundance and growth dynamics can help deepen our understanding of the gut microbiota changes caused by KD and the therapeutic effects of this special diet.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.32270677).
文摘Effective data visualization is crucial for researchers,revealing patterns,trends,and insights that might otherwise remain hidden.Integrating related visualizations can reveal correlations and relationships that are not evident when analyzing datasets separately.Despite increasing demand,there is a shortage of general tools to seamlessly combine diverse datasets to create complex visual representations.The aplot package addresses this by allowing users to independently create subplots and assemble them into a cohesive composite figure.It automatically reorders datasets for coordinate consistency,removing the need for manual adjustment.This modular approach simplifies the creation of complex visualizations,allowing customization to meet specific needs.Aplot’s versatility is ideal for integrating multi-omics datasets and analytical results for biological insights.The package is freely available on CRAN at https://cran.r-project.org/package=aplot,offering researchers a powerful tool for enhanced data exploration and visualizing workflows.
基金supported by the National High-tech R&D Program of China (863 Program Grant No. 2018YFC0910502)+2 种基金the Key Project of Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant No. 2015CFA132)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61103167, 31271410, and 31671374)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Grant No. 2018369)
文摘Agricultural activities, including stock-farming, planting industry, and fish aquaculture,can affect the physicochemical and biological characters of freshwater lakes. However, the effects of pollution producing by agricultural activities on microbial ecosystem of lakes remain unclear.Hence, in this work, we selected Honghu Lake as a typical lake that is influenced by agriculture activities. We collected water and sediment samples from 18 sites, which span a wide range of areas from impacted and less-impacted areas. We performed a geospatial analysis on the composition of microbial communities associated with physicochemical properties and antibiotic pollution of samples. The co-occurrence networks of water and sediment were also built and analyzed. Our results showed that the microbial communities of impacted and less-impacted samples of water were largely driven by the concentrations of TN, TP, NO_3^--N, and NO_2^--N, while those of sediment were affected by the concentrations of Sed-OM and Sed-TN. Antibiotics have also played important roles in shaping these microbial communities: the concentrations of oxytetracycline and tetracycline clearly reflected the variance in taxonomic diversity and predicted functional diversity between impacted and less-impacted sites in water and sediment samples, respectively. Furthermore, for samples from both water and sediment, large differences of network topology structures between impacted and less-impacted were also observed. Our results provide compelling evidence that the microbial community can be used as a sentinel of eutrophication and antibiotics pollution risk associated with agricultural activity; and that proper monitoring of this environment is vital to maintain a sustainable environment in Honghu Lake.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81790632,31970863,and 31970088)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2020YFA0509600)。
文摘The gut microbiota is involved in host responses to high altitude.However,the dynamics of intestinal microecology and their association with altitude-related illness are poorly understood.Here,we used a rat model of hypobaric hypoxia challenge to mimic plateau exposure and monitored the gut microbiome,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and bile acids(BAs)over 28 d.We identified weight loss,polycythemia,and pathological cardiac hypertrophy in hypoxic rats,accompanied by a large compositional shift in the gut microbiota,which is mainly driven by the bacterial families of Prevotellaceae,Porphyromonadaceae,and Streptococcaceae.The aberrant gut microbiota was characterized by increased abundance of the Parabacteroides,Alistipes,and Lactococcus genera and a larger Bacteroides to Prevotella ratio.Trans-omics analyses showed that the gut microbiome was significantly correlated with the metabolic abnormalities of SCFAs and BAs in feces,suggesting an interaction network remodeling of the microbiome-metabolome after the hypobaric hypoxia challenge.Interestingly,the transplantation of fecal microbiota significantly increased the diversity of the gut microbiota,partially inhibited the increased abundance of the Bacteroides and Alistipes genera,restored the decrease of plasma propionate,and moderately ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy in hypoxic rats.Our results provide an insight into the longitudinal changes in intestinal microecology during the hypobaric hypoxia challenge.Abnormalities in the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites contribute to the development of high-altitude heart disease in rats.
文摘The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery.Depending on the localized regions,microbiota can be classified into gut,oral,respiratory,and skin microbiota.The microbial communities are in symbiosis with the host,contributing to homeostasis and regulating immune function.However,microbiota dysbiosis can lead to dysregulation of bodily functions and diseases including cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),cancers,respiratory diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81873926,32071124)Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar of Guangdong province grant(2016A030306043,China)to Peng Chen+2 种基金Grants from the NSFCGuangdong Joint Foundation of China(U1601225)Natural Science Foundation of China(81971895)Special Support Plan for Outstanding Talents of Guangdong Province(2019JC05Y340,China)to Yong Jiang。
文摘Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury(HIRI) is a serious complication that occurs following shock and/or liver surgery. Gut microbiota and their metabolites are key upstream modulators of development of liver injury. Herein, we investigated the potential contribution of gut microbes to HIRI.Ischemia/reperfusion surgery was performed to establish a murine model of HIRI. 16 S r RNA gene sequencing and metabolomics were used for microbial analysis. Transcriptomics and proteomics analysis were employed to study the host cell responses. Our results establish HIRI was significantly increased when surgery occurred in the evening(ZT12, 20:00) when compared with the morning(ZT0, 08:00);however, antibiotic pretreatment reduced this diurnal variation. The abundance of a microbial metabolite3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid was significantly higher in ZT0 when compared with ZT12 in the gut and this compound significantly protected mice against HIRI. Furthermore, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid suppressed the macrophage pro-inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro. This metabolite inhibits histone deacetylase activity by reducing its phosphorylation. Histone deacetylase inhibition suppressed macrophage pro-inflammatory activation and diminished the diurnal variation of HIRI. Our findings revealed a novel protective microbial metabolite against HIRI in mice. The potential underlying mechanism was at least in part, via 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid-dependent immune regulation and histone deacetylase(HDAC) inhibition in macrophages.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0803800,2019YFA0801900,2018YFA0800300,and 2022YFA0806400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971097,31671242,32150610475,and 31971074)+4 种基金Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-D-202001)Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Healththe Construction Project of High-Level Local Universities in ShanghaiShanghai“Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan”Social Development Science and Technology Reach Project(22dz1204600)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2017SHZDZX01)。
文摘The metabolic benefits associated with long-term physical activity are well appreciated and growing evidence suggests that it involves the gut microbiota.Here we re-evaluated the link between exercise-induced microbial changes and those associated with prediabetes and diabetes.We found that the relative abundances of substantial amounts of diabetes-associated metagenomic species associated negatively with physical fitness in a Chinese athlete students cohort.We additionally showed that those microbial changes correlated more with handgrip strength,a simple but valuable biomarker suggestive of the diabetes states,than maximum oxygen intake,one of the key surrogates for endurance training.Moreover,the causal relationships among exercise,risks for diabetes,and gut microbiota were explored based on mediation analysis.We propose that the protective roles of exercise against type 2 diabetes are mediated,at least partly,by the gut microbiota.
