The microbial consortium within an organism is crucial for its development and immune status.Alteration of the host microbiome by antibiotics or antinutritional factors may contribute to increased disease susceptibili...The microbial consortium within an organism is crucial for its development and immune status.Alteration of the host microbiome by antibiotics or antinutritional factors may contribute to increased disease susceptibility.Here,we investigated whether exposure to different microbes could influence zebrafish larval microbiota composition and modulate their immune response towards a saponin challenge.Adult zebrafish were exposed to the antibiotic oxytetracycline(OxyT)or control tank water and their intestinal content was harvested after 30h(24h exposure,6h wash-out).Subsequently,zebrafish embryos were exposed to either OxyT-treated content or non-treated content from 3 to 6 days post fertilization(dpf).At 6 dpf part of the group received a saponin challenge until 8 dpf.Zebrafish larvae exposed to OxyT-treated adult gut content(3–6 dpf)showed an altered microbiota composition compared to controls.Interestingly,larvae exposed to saponin-treated OxyT-content showed fewer macrophages(as visualized by fluorescent microscopy using mpx:GFP114;mpeg:mCherry transgenic fish)in the overall fish as well as around the gut area than saponin-treated control-exposed larvae.Fewer macrophages were associated with a decreased expression of interleukin 22(il22)in larvae exposed to saponin-treated OxyT-content compared to controls.Overall,this study shows that exposure to different microbial environments early in life might affect disease susceptibility of larval zebrafish.展开更多
BACKGROUND Skin wounds are highly common in diabetic patients,and with increasing types of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance,wounds and infections in diabetic patients are difficult to treat and heal.AIM T...BACKGROUND Skin wounds are highly common in diabetic patients,and with increasing types of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance,wounds and infections in diabetic patients are difficult to treat and heal.AIM To explore the effects of betaine ointment(BO)in promoting the healing of skin wounds and reducing the inflammation and apoptosis of skin cells in microbially infected diabetic mice.METHODS By detecting the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)of betaine and plant monomer components such as psoralen,we prepared BO with betaine as the main ingredient,blended it with traditional Chinese medicines such as gromwell root and psoralen,and evaluated its antibacterial effects and safety in vitro and in vivo.The skin infection wound models of ordinary mice and diabetic mice were constructed,and the OTC drugs mupirocin ointment and Zicao ointment were used as controls to evaluate the antibacterial effects in vivo and the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of BO.RESULTS The MICs of betaine against microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans ranged from 4 to 32μg/mL.Gromwell root and psoralea,both of which contain antimicrobial components,mixed to prepare BO with MICs ranging from 16 to 64μg/mL,which is 32-256 times lower than those of Zicao ointment,although the MIC is greater than that of betaine.After 15 days of treatment with BO for USA300-infected ordinary mice,the wound scab removal rates were 83.3%,while those of mupirocin ointment and Zicao ointment were 66.7%and 0%,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant.In diabetic mice,the wound scab removal rate of BO and mupirolacin ointment was 80.0%,but BO reduced wound inflammation and the apoptosis of skin cells and facilitated wound healing.CONCLUSION The ointment prepared by mixing betaine and traditional Chinese medicine can effectively inhibit common skin microorganisms and has a strong effect on the skin wounds of sensitive or drug-resistant S.aureus-infected ordinary mice and diabetic mice.展开更多
LysM proteins contain the lysin domain(LysM),bind chitin and are found in various organisms including fungi.In phytopathogenic fungi,certain LysM proteins act as effectors to inhibit host immunity,thus increasing fung...LysM proteins contain the lysin domain(LysM),bind chitin and are found in various organisms including fungi.In phytopathogenic fungi,certain LysM proteins act as effectors to inhibit host immunity,thus increasing fungal virulence.However,our understanding of the LysM protein family in Setosphaeria turcica is limited.In this study,eight StLysM genes are identified and designated as StLysM1 to StLysM8.The analysis of sequence features indicates that five proteins(StLysM1,StLysM2,StLysM5,StLysM6,and StLysM7)are potential effectors.Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the StLysMs are divided into fungal/bacterial and fungus-specific subclasses.Domain architecture analysis reveals that the five StLysM effectors exclusively harbor the LysM domain,whereas the other three StLysM proteins contain additional functional domains.Sequence conservation analysis shows that the fungal-specific LysM domain sequences share the ^(8)GDxTC^(12) and ^(29)WNP^(31) motifs as well as three highly conserved cysteine residues.Conversely,the LysM domain sequences from the bacterial/fungal branch have few conserved sites.Moreover,expression profiling analysis shows that the StLysM1 gene is significantly upregulated during the infection of maize.Yeast secretion assays and transient expression experiments demonstrate that StLysM1 is a secreted protein that can suppress BAX/INF1-induced programmed cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana.Further functional analysis suggests that St Lys M1 cannot interact with itself but it can bind chitin.The transient expression of StLysM1 inhibits the chitin-triggered plant immune response,increasing susceptibility to the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea in N.benthamiana.This study reveals that the S.turcica LySM protein family consists of eight members,highlighting the significance of StLysM1 as a vital effector in regulating plant immunity.The results provide insight into StLysMs and establish a foundation for understanding the roles of StLysM proteins in the pathogenic process of S.turcica.展开更多
Objective To assess the independent and combined effects of air pollutants,meteorological factors,and greenspace exposure on new tuberculosis(TB)cases.Methods TB case data from Shanghai(2013–2018)were obtained from t...Objective To assess the independent and combined effects of air pollutants,meteorological factors,and greenspace exposure on new tuberculosis(TB)cases.Methods TB case data from Shanghai(2013–2018)were obtained from the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Environmental data on air pollutants,meteorological variables,and greenspace exposure were obtained from the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center.We employed a distributed-lag nonlinear model to assess the effects of these environmental factors on TB cases.Results Increased TB risk was linked to PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and rainfall,whereas NO_(2),SO_(2),and air pressure were associated with a reduced risk.Specifically,the strongest cumulative effects occurred at various lags:PM_(2.5)(RR=1.166,95%CI:1.026–1.325)at 0–19 weeks;PM_(10)(RR=1.167,95%CI:1.028–1.324)at 0–18 weeks;NO_(2)(RR=0.968,95%CI:0.938–0.999)at 0–1 weeks;SO_(2)(RR=0.945,95%CI:0.894–0.999)at 0–2 weeks;air pressure(RR=0.604,95%CI:0.447–0.816)at 0–8 weeks;and rainfall(RR=1.404,95%CI:1.076–1.833)at 0–22 weeks.Green space exposure did not significantly impact TB cases.Additionally,low temperatures amplified the effect of PM_(2.5)on TB.Conclusion Exposure to PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and rainfall increased the risk of TB,highlighting the need to address air pollutants for the prevention of TB in Shanghai.展开更多
Objective To investigate the associations between eight serum per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)and regional fat depots,we analyzed the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)2011...Objective To investigate the associations between eight serum per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)and regional fat depots,we analyzed the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)2011-2018 cycles.Methods Multiple linear regression models were developed to explore the associations between serum PFAS concentrations and six fat compositions along with a fat distribution score created by summing the concentrations of the six fat compositions.The associations between structurally grouped PFASs and fat distribution were assessed,and a prediction model was developed to estimate the ability of PFAS exposure to predict obesity risk.Results Among females aged 39-59 years,trunk fat mass was positively associated with perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS).Higher concentrations of PFOS,perfluorohexane sulfonate(PFHxS),perfluorodecanoate(PFDeA),perfluorononanoate(PFNA),and n-perfluorooctanoate(n-PFOA)were linked to greater visceral adipose tissue in this group.In men,exposure to total perfluoroalkane sulfonates(PFSAs)and long-chain PFSAs was associated with reductions in abdominal fat,while higher abdominal fat in women aged 39-59 years was associated with short-chain PFSAs.The prediction model demonstrated high accuracy,with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.9925 for predicting obesity risk.Conclusion PFAS exposure is associated with regional fat distribution,with varying effects based on age,sex,and PFAS structure.The findings highlight the potential role of PFAS exposure in influencing fat depots and obesity risk,with significant implications for public health.The prediction model provides a highly accurate tool for assessing obesity risk related to PFAS exposure.展开更多
Pu-erh tea,a traditional Chinese beverage,performs an anti-obesity function,but the correlation between its components and efficacy remains unknown.Here,we screened two Pu-erh teas with significant anti-obesity effica...Pu-erh tea,a traditional Chinese beverage,performs an anti-obesity function,but the correlation between its components and efficacy remains unknown.Here,we screened two Pu-erh teas with significant anti-obesity efficacies from 11 teas.In vitro experiments revealed that lipid accumulation in L02 cells and lipid synthesis in 3T3-L1 cells were significantly better inhibited by Tea-B than Tea-A.Further in vivo experiments using model mice revealed that the differences in chemical components generated two pathways in the anti-obesity efficacy and mechanism of Pu-erh teas.Tea-A changes the histomorphology of brown adipose tissue(BAT)and increases the abundance of Coriobacteriaceae_UCG_002 and cyclic AMP in guts through high chemical contents of cyclopentasiloxane,decamethyl,tridecane and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene,eventually increasing BAT activation and fat browning gene expression;the high content of hexadecane and 1,2-dimethoxybenzene in Tea-B reduces white adipose tissue(WAT)accumulation and the process of fatty liver,increases the abundance of Odoribacter and sphinganine 1-phosphate,inhibits the expression of lipid synthesis and transport genes.These mechanistic findings on the association of the representative bioactive components in Pu-erh teas with the anti-obesity phenotypes,gut microbes,gut metabolite structure and anti-obesity pathways,which were obtained for the first time,provide foundations for developing functional Pu-erh tea.展开更多
Severe traumatic bone healing relies on the involvement of growth factors.However,excessive supplementation of growth factors can lead to ectopic ossification and inflammation.In this study,utilizing the neural regula...Severe traumatic bone healing relies on the involvement of growth factors.However,excessive supplementation of growth factors can lead to ectopic ossification and inflammation.In this study,utilizing the neural regulatory mechanism of bone regeneration,we have developed a multifunctional three dimensions(3D)printed scaffold containing both vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)and nerve growth factor(NGF)as an effective new method for achieving bone defect regeneration.The scaffold is provided by a controlled biodegradable and biomechanically matched poly(lactide-ethylene glycol-trimethylene carbonate)(PLTG),providing long-term support for the bone healing cycle.Factor loading is provided by peptide fiber-reinforced biomimetic antimicrobial extracellular matrix(ECM)(B-ECM)hydrogels with different release kinetics,the hydrogel guides rapid bone growth and resists bacterial infection at the early stage of healing.Physical and chemical characterization indicates that the scaffold has good structural stability and mechanical properties,providing an ideal 3D microenvironment for bone reconstruction.In the skull defect model,compared to releasing VIP or NGF alone,this drug delivery system can simulate a natural healing cascade of controllable release factors,significantly accelerating nerve/vascular bone regeneration.In conclusion,this study provides a promising strategy for implanting materials to repair bone defects by utilizing neuroregulatory mechanisms during bone regeneration.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)can help prevent or treat diseases;however,there are few studies on the active substances of TCM.For example,Lycium barbarum L.has been proven to be effective in treating osteoporosis ...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)can help prevent or treat diseases;however,there are few studies on the active substances of TCM.For example,Lycium barbarum L.has been proven to be effective in treating osteoporosis for thousands of years,but its active substance remains to be unknown.Prompted by the efforts to modernize TCM,the present study focused on the novel active substance of Lycium barbarum L.to reinforce kidney essence to produce bone marrow.Illumina deep sequencing analysis and stemloop polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assay revealed that miR162a,a Lycium barbarum L.-derived microRNA,can pass through the gastrointestinal tract to target the bone marrow in mice.Immunofluorescence staining showed that miR162a was absorbed through systemic RNA interference defective transmembrane family member 1(SIDT1)in the stomach.Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay identified that miR162a targeted nuclear receptor corepressor(NcoR).Alizarin red staining and micro-computed tomography(microCT)confirmed that miR162a promoted osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,zebrafish,and a mouse model of osteoporosis.In addition,transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana(N.benthamiana)leaves overexpressing miR162a were developed by agrobacterium infiltration method.microCT and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining confirmed that transgenic N.benthamiana leaves effectively protected against osteoporosis in mice.Our study mechanistically explains how Lycium barbarum L.improves osteoporosis and supports that Lycium barbarum L.reinforces kidney essence,thereby strengthening the bone.miR162a expressed by transgenic plants may represent a novel and safe treatment for human osteoporosis.展开更多
As a major subunit of the exocyst complex,members of the EXO70 family have mainly been shown to play roles in cell polarity and morphogenesis in Arabidopsis,but their roles in plant endosymbiosis,such as with arbuscul...As a major subunit of the exocyst complex,members of the EXO70 family have mainly been shown to play roles in cell polarity and morphogenesis in Arabidopsis,but their roles in plant endosymbiosis,such as with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),have rarely been reported.Here,using knockout and overexpression lines,we show that OsEXO70L2,which encodes a divergent EXO70 protein in rice,controls the number of primary roots and is essential for large lateral root formation.Furthermore,the OsEXO70L2 mutant sr1 displayed rare internal AMF hyphaeand no arbuscules.We also found that AMF sporulation can occur in roots despite low colonization and that AMF colonization and sporulation are modulated by photoperiod and co-culture with clover.Finally,genes related to auxin homeostasis were found to be affected in the OsEXO70L2 knockout or overexpression lines,suggesting that auxin is at least partly responsible for the phenotypes.This study provides new perspectives on the role of the exocyst complex during root development and AM in rice.展开更多
BACKGROUND Probiotic Acetobacter pasteurianus is used to treat diabetes,but its specific hypoglycemic substances and mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To investigate the components for lipid metabolism of A.pasteurianus a...BACKGROUND Probiotic Acetobacter pasteurianus is used to treat diabetes,but its specific hypoglycemic substances and mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To investigate the components for lipid metabolism of A.pasteurianus and its hypoglycemic effects,providing a basis for its broader application.METHODS The lipid metabolism of A.pasteurianus under different growth conditions was analyzed using lipidomics.Neutral lipid staining in A.pasteurianus cells and the formation of lipid droplet-like structures were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope.The neutral lipid components were also analyzed using thin layer chromato-graphy.A diabetic mouse model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of the main lipid components of A.pasteurianus and their role in repairing tissues such as the pancreas.RESULTS After comparing the effects of three culture media,namely,brain heart infusion(BHI)medium with 2%glucose,chromium-rich and zinc-rich medium,and mineral salt medium,A.pasteurianus grew well in BHI containing 2%glucose and produced the most lipids.A total of 583 lipid metabolic products was identified,with higher levels of coenzyme Q9(CoQ9),oleic acid(OA),and wax ester,but no triacylglycerol was observed.It was found that the components that affected lipid metabolism in A.pasteurianus were mainly CoQ9 and OA.They exhibited hypoglycemic effects comparable to metformin in diabetic mice,repaired damaged pancreatic tissues,and did not cause damage to the liver and spleen.CONCLUSION Under high-nutrient growth conditions,A.pasteurianus contains abundant lipid components,such as CoQ9 and OA,with good hypoglycemic effects.展开更多
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori),a globally prevalent pathogen,is exhibiting increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance.However,clinical implementation of pre-treatment susceptibility testing remains limited...BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori),a globally prevalent pathogen,is exhibiting increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance.However,clinical implementation of pre-treatment susceptibility testing remains limited due to the organism’s fastidious growth requirements and prolonged culture time.AIM To propose a novel detection method utilizing antibiotic-supplemented media to inhibit susceptible strains,while resistant isolates were identified through urease-mediated hydrolysis of urea,inducing a phenol red color change for visual confirmation.METHODS Colombia agar was supplemented with urea,phenol red,and nickel chloride,and the final pH was adjusted to 7.35.Antibiotic-selective media were prepared by incorporating amoxicillin(0.5μg/mL),clarithromycin(2μg/mL),metronidazole(8μg/mL),or levofloxacin(2μg/mL)into separate batches.Gastric antral biopsies were homogenized and inoculated at 1.0×105 CFU onto the media,and then incubated under microaerobic conditions at 37°C for 28-36 hours.Resistance was determined based on a color change from yellow to pink,and the results were validated via broth microdilution according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.RESULTS After 28-36 hours of incubation,the drug-resistant H.pylori isolates induced a light red color change in the medium.Conversely,susceptible strains(H.pylori 26695 and G27)produced no visible color change.Compared with the conventional 11-day protocol,the novel method significantly reduced detection time.Among 201 clinical isolates,182 were successfully evaluated using the new method,resulting in a 90.5%detection rate.This was consistent with the 95.5%agreement rate observed when compared with microdilution-based susceptibility testing.The success rate of the novel approach was significantly higher than that of the comparative method(P<0.01).The accuracy of the new method was comparable to that of the dilution method.CONCLUSION The novel detection method can rapidly detect H.pylori drug resistance within 28-36 hours.With its operational simplicity and high diagnostic performance,it holds strong potential for clinical application in the management of H.pylori antimicrobial resistance.展开更多
Impact of elevated CO2 (free air CO2 enrichment) was studied on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var Kundan) growth, yield and proteome. Elevated CO2 significantly impacted both underground (+24%) and aboveground (+15%) bi...Impact of elevated CO2 (free air CO2 enrichment) was studied on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var Kundan) growth, yield and proteome. Elevated CO2 significantly impacted both underground (+24%) and aboveground (+15%) biomass. Grain weight/plant and harvest index were increased by 35% and 11.4%, respectively under high CO2. On the other hand, seed protein content was decreased by 19% under CO2 enrichment while seed starch and soluble sugar contents were increased by 8% and 23%, respectively. Wheat leaf proteomics revealed that 50 proteins were showing differential expression. Twenty proteins were more abundant while 30 were less abundant. Thirty two proteins were identified by MALDI TOF TOF. More abundant proteins were related to defense, photosynthesis, energy metabolism etc. While less abundant proteins were related to glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Wheat grain proteomics revealed that out of 49 differentially abundant proteins, 24 were more in abundance and 25 were less in abundance in wheat grains under eCO2 condition. Thirty three proteins were identified and functionally characterized. They were found to be involved mainly in carbon metabolism, storage, defence and proteolysis. Gluten proteins are the major component of wheat storage proteins. Our results showed that both high and low molecular weight glutenins were more in eCO2 wheat seeds while there was no change in gliadin evels. This might alter wheat dough strength. Concentration of grain Cr and As was increased at eCO2 while that of Fe, Cu, Zn and Se were found to be decreased. Dynamics of carbon utilization and metabolic abilities of soil microbes under eCO2 were significantly altered. Our study showed that altered wheat seed composition is cause for concern vis-à-vis nutrition and health and for industries which may have implications for agriculturally dominated country like India.展开更多
Heavy use of chemical fertilizer causes increasing soil and environmental crisis, and the use of organic fertilizer increases obvious in recent years. In this study,mineral organic fertilizer(MOF) and compound fertili...Heavy use of chemical fertilizer causes increasing soil and environmental crisis, and the use of organic fertilizer increases obvious in recent years. In this study,mineral organic fertilizer(MOF) and compound fertilizer(CF) were applied in amaranth culture to explore the effects of these two kinds of fertilizers on soil quality and the potential function for CO_2 fixation. Some soil parameters were tested, e.g. p H value, organic carbon content, microbial biomass, urease activity, and available potassium content. In addition, some parameters of soil infiltration water were also determined, such as p H and HCO_3^- concentration. Experimental results showed that MOF improved soil quality and amaranth biomass and increased possible soil carbon sink.On the contrary, the utilization of CF worsened soil quality and made the soil acidize. These results suggested that MOF can partially replace CF to improve plant growth, soil quality and possible CO_2 sink.展开更多
The weathering of carbonate rocks by biological soil crusts （BSC） in karst areas is very common. It is helpful to understand the weathering mechanisms and processes for avoiding karst rock-desertification. The weath...The weathering of carbonate rocks by biological soil crusts （BSC） in karst areas is very common. It is helpful to understand the weathering mechanisms and processes for avoiding karst rock-desertification. The weathering of carbonate rocks by BSC in karst areas, namely the expansion, contraction and curl resulting from environmental wetting-drying cycles, was investigated and ana- lyzed in this paper. The bulk density, area and thickness of BSC were determined and the weathering amount of limestone and dolomite per unit area of BSC was calculated as 3 700 and 3 400 g·m-2; the amount of biomass on the surface of limestone and dolomite was calculated as 1 146 and 1 301 g·m-2, respectively. Such an increased weathering amount was not only the result of chemical and physical weathering of BSC on carbonate rocks, but also the attachment and cementation of BSC to clay particles, dust-fall, sand particles, solid particles brought by strong air currents, wind and other factors in the surrounding environment, which may also be related to the special environment and the special time period. Based on the results obtained, a weathering mode of BSC is studied, and the mechanisms of weathering by BSC are discussed. In conclusion, we suggest that the mechanical force exerted by the expansion and constriction of gelatinous and mucilaginous substances through wetting and drying of BSC play a significant role in the physical weathering process of the carbonate substrates.展开更多
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is the main pathogen that causes a variety of upper digestive diseases.The drug resistance rate of H.pylori is increasingly higher,and the eradication rate is increasingly lower...BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is the main pathogen that causes a variety of upper digestive diseases.The drug resistance rate of H.pylori is increasingly higher,and the eradication rate is increasingly lower.The antimicrobial resistance of H.pylori is an urgent global problem.It has been confirmed that Banxia Xiexin decoction(BXXXT)demonstrates the effects of treating gastrointestinal diseases,inhibiting H.pylori and protecting gastric mucosa.The purpose of the present study is to further explore the therapeutic effects of BXXXT on drug-resistant H.pylori.AIM To confirm that BXXXT demonstrates therapeutical effects in vivo and in vitro on gastritis mice with drug-resistant H.pylori and explain its mechanism to provide an experimental basis for promoting the application of BXXXT.METHODS The aqueous extract of BXXXT was gained by water decocting method.The inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract on H.pylori was detected by dilution in vitro;drug-resistant H.pylori cells were used to build an acute gastritis model in vivo.Thereafter,the model mice were treated with the aqueous extract of BXXXT.The amount of H.pylori colonization,the repair of gastric mucosal damage,changes of inflammatory factors,apoptosis,etc.,were assessed.In terms of mechanism exploration,the main medicinal compositions of BXXXT aqueous extract and the synergistic bacteriostatic effects they had demonstrated were analyzed using mass spectrometry;the immune function of peripheral blood cells such as CD3+T and CD4+T of mice with gastritis before and after treatment with BXXXT aqueous extract was detected using a flow cytometry;the H.pylori transcriptome and proteome after treatment with BXXXT aqueous extract were detected.Differently expressed genes were screened and verification was performed thereon with knockout expression.RESULTS The minimum inhibitory concentration of BXXXT aqueous extract against H.pylori was 256-512μg/mL.A dose of 28 mg/kg BXXXT aqueous extract treatment produced better therapeutical effects than the standard triple therapy did;the BXXXT aqueous extract have at least 11 ingredients inhibiting H.pylori,including berberine,quercetin,baicalin,luteolin,gallic acid,rosmarinic acid,aloe emodin,etc.,of which berberine,aloe emodin,luteolin and gallic acid have a synergistic effect;BXXXT aqueous extract was found to stimulate the expressions of CD3+T and CD4+T and increase the number of CD4+T/CD8+T in gastritis mice;the detection of transcriptome and proteome,quantitative polymerase chain reaction,Western blotting and knockout verification revealed that the main targets of BXXXT aqueous extract are CFAs related to urea enzymes,and CagA,VacA,etc.CONCLUSION BXXXT aqueous extract could demonstrate good therapeutic effects on drug-resistance H.pylori in vitro and in vivo and its mechanism comes down to the synergistic or additional antibacterial effects of berberine,emodin and luteolin,the main components of the extract;the extract could activate the immune function and enhance bactericidal effects;BXXXT aqueous extract,with main targets of BXXXT aqueous extract related to urease,virulence factors,etc.,could reduce the urease and virulence of H.pylori,weaken its colonization,and reduce its inflammatory damage to the gastric mucosa.展开更多
In order to find and identify more targets species of pests for toxic insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)strains,a toxicity survey was carried out of two strains h3 and Ly30 against diamondback moth(Lepidoptera),C...In order to find and identify more targets species of pests for toxic insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)strains,a toxicity survey was carried out of two strains h3 and Ly30 against diamondback moth(Lepidoptera),Culex pipiens pallens and Musca domestica(Diptera),Blattella germanica(Coleoptera),which were respectively isolated from Lianyungang oceans with excellent characteristic of high salt tolerance,and from insect Componotus iaponicu Mayr larvae,respectively.Bioassay showed that h3 and Ly30 have efficient insecticidal activity against diamondback moth(Lepidoptera),Culex pipiens pallens and Musca domestica(Diptera)by 99%-100%mortality at 3 d-5 d,while only have 30%mortality at 5 d against coleoptera pests.It provided strong evidence for the insecticidal role of autotrophic Bt strains h3 and Ly30 against pests populations of lepidoptera and diptera and coleoptera,and aslo evidence for the application in the fields of agriculture and forest and public health.Furthermore,high salt tolerance of h3 could provide great benefit not only in expanding the application fields of biological insecticides,but also increasing the applicable object,and enhancing the efficacy of Bt.展开更多
Although microbial treatments of heavy metal ions in wastewater have been studied, the removal of these metals through incorporation into carbonate minerals has rarely been reported. To investigate the removal of Fe^3...Although microbial treatments of heavy metal ions in wastewater have been studied, the removal of these metals through incorporation into carbonate minerals has rarely been reported. To investigate the removal of Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋, two representative metals in wastewater, through the precipitation of carbonate minerals by a microbial flocculant （MBF） produced by Bacillus mucilaginosus. MBF was added to synthetic wastewater containing different Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋ concentrations, and the extent of flocculation was analyzed. CO2 was bubbled into the mixture of MBF and Fe^3＋/Pb^2＋ to initiate the reaction. The solid substrates were analyzed via X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results showed that the removal efficiency decreased and the MBF adsorption capacity for metals increased with increasing heavy metal concentration. In the system containing MBF, metals （Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋）, and CO2, the concentrated metals adsorbed onto the MBF combined with the dissolved CO2, resulting in oversaturation of metal carbonate minerals to form iron carbonate and lead carbonates. These results may be used in designing a method in which microbes can be utilized to combine CO2 with wastewater heavy metals to form carbonates, with the aim of mitigating environmental problems.展开更多
The incidence of frailty gradually increases with age.This condition places a heavy burden on modern society,of which the aging population is increasing.Frailty is one of the most complicated clinical syndromes;thus,i...The incidence of frailty gradually increases with age.This condition places a heavy burden on modern society,of which the aging population is increasing.Frailty is one of the most complicated clinical syndromes;thus,it is difficult to uncover its underlying mechanisms.Oxidative stress(OS)is involved in frailty in multiple ways.The association between the gut microbiota(GM)and frailty was recently reported.Herein,we propose that OS is involved in the association between the GM and the occurrence of frailty syndrome.An imbalance between oxidation and antioxidants can eventually lead to frailty,and the GM probably participates in this process through the production of reactive oxygen species.On the other hand,OS can disturb the GM.Such dysbiosis consequently induces or exacerbates tissue damage,leading to the occurrence of frailty syndrome.Finally,we discuss the possibility of improving frailty by intervening in the vicious cycle between the imbalance of OS and dysbiosis.展开更多
The ecosystems of China seas and coasts are undergoing rapid changes under the strong influences of both global climate change and anthropogenic activities.To understand the scope of these changes and the mechanisms b...The ecosystems of China seas and coasts are undergoing rapid changes under the strong influences of both global climate change and anthropogenic activities.To understand the scope of these changes and the mechanisms behind them is of paramount importance for the sustainable development of China,and for the establishment of national policies on environment protection and climate change mitigation.Here we provide a brief review of the impacts of global climate change and human activities on the oceans in general,and on the ecosystems of China seas and coasts in particular.More importantly,we discuss the challenges we are facing and propose several research foci for China seas/coasts ecosystem studies,including long-term time series observations on multiple scales,facilities for simulation study,blue carbon,coastal ecological security,prediction of ecosystem evolution and ecosystem-based management.We also establish a link to the Future Earth program from the perspectives of two newly formed national alliances,the China Future Ocean Alliance and the Pan-China Ocean Carbon Alliance.展开更多
文摘The microbial consortium within an organism is crucial for its development and immune status.Alteration of the host microbiome by antibiotics or antinutritional factors may contribute to increased disease susceptibility.Here,we investigated whether exposure to different microbes could influence zebrafish larval microbiota composition and modulate their immune response towards a saponin challenge.Adult zebrafish were exposed to the antibiotic oxytetracycline(OxyT)or control tank water and their intestinal content was harvested after 30h(24h exposure,6h wash-out).Subsequently,zebrafish embryos were exposed to either OxyT-treated content or non-treated content from 3 to 6 days post fertilization(dpf).At 6 dpf part of the group received a saponin challenge until 8 dpf.Zebrafish larvae exposed to OxyT-treated adult gut content(3–6 dpf)showed an altered microbiota composition compared to controls.Interestingly,larvae exposed to saponin-treated OxyT-content showed fewer macrophages(as visualized by fluorescent microscopy using mpx:GFP114;mpeg:mCherry transgenic fish)in the overall fish as well as around the gut area than saponin-treated control-exposed larvae.Fewer macrophages were associated with a decreased expression of interleukin 22(il22)in larvae exposed to saponin-treated OxyT-content compared to controls.Overall,this study shows that exposure to different microbial environments early in life might affect disease susceptibility of larval zebrafish.
基金Supported by Guangxi Science and Technology Major Projects,No.2023AA20009National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32360035 and No.32060018.
文摘BACKGROUND Skin wounds are highly common in diabetic patients,and with increasing types of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance,wounds and infections in diabetic patients are difficult to treat and heal.AIM To explore the effects of betaine ointment(BO)in promoting the healing of skin wounds and reducing the inflammation and apoptosis of skin cells in microbially infected diabetic mice.METHODS By detecting the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)of betaine and plant monomer components such as psoralen,we prepared BO with betaine as the main ingredient,blended it with traditional Chinese medicines such as gromwell root and psoralen,and evaluated its antibacterial effects and safety in vitro and in vivo.The skin infection wound models of ordinary mice and diabetic mice were constructed,and the OTC drugs mupirocin ointment and Zicao ointment were used as controls to evaluate the antibacterial effects in vivo and the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of BO.RESULTS The MICs of betaine against microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans ranged from 4 to 32μg/mL.Gromwell root and psoralea,both of which contain antimicrobial components,mixed to prepare BO with MICs ranging from 16 to 64μg/mL,which is 32-256 times lower than those of Zicao ointment,although the MIC is greater than that of betaine.After 15 days of treatment with BO for USA300-infected ordinary mice,the wound scab removal rates were 83.3%,while those of mupirocin ointment and Zicao ointment were 66.7%and 0%,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant.In diabetic mice,the wound scab removal rate of BO and mupirolacin ointment was 80.0%,but BO reduced wound inflammation and the apoptosis of skin cells and facilitated wound healing.CONCLUSION The ointment prepared by mixing betaine and traditional Chinese medicine can effectively inhibit common skin microorganisms and has a strong effect on the skin wounds of sensitive or drug-resistant S.aureus-infected ordinary mice and diabetic mice.
基金supported by the S&T Program of Hebei,China(23567601H)the Hebei Provincial Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project,China(236Z6508G)+1 种基金the Basic Research Funds for Provincial Universities in Hebei Province,China(KY2022037 and KY2021042)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(C2023204100 and C2021204136)。
文摘LysM proteins contain the lysin domain(LysM),bind chitin and are found in various organisms including fungi.In phytopathogenic fungi,certain LysM proteins act as effectors to inhibit host immunity,thus increasing fungal virulence.However,our understanding of the LysM protein family in Setosphaeria turcica is limited.In this study,eight StLysM genes are identified and designated as StLysM1 to StLysM8.The analysis of sequence features indicates that five proteins(StLysM1,StLysM2,StLysM5,StLysM6,and StLysM7)are potential effectors.Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the StLysMs are divided into fungal/bacterial and fungus-specific subclasses.Domain architecture analysis reveals that the five StLysM effectors exclusively harbor the LysM domain,whereas the other three StLysM proteins contain additional functional domains.Sequence conservation analysis shows that the fungal-specific LysM domain sequences share the ^(8)GDxTC^(12) and ^(29)WNP^(31) motifs as well as three highly conserved cysteine residues.Conversely,the LysM domain sequences from the bacterial/fungal branch have few conserved sites.Moreover,expression profiling analysis shows that the StLysM1 gene is significantly upregulated during the infection of maize.Yeast secretion assays and transient expression experiments demonstrate that StLysM1 is a secreted protein that can suppress BAX/INF1-induced programmed cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana.Further functional analysis suggests that St Lys M1 cannot interact with itself but it can bind chitin.The transient expression of StLysM1 inhibits the chitin-triggered plant immune response,increasing susceptibility to the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea in N.benthamiana.This study reveals that the S.turcica LySM protein family consists of eight members,highlighting the significance of StLysM1 as a vital effector in regulating plant immunity.The results provide insight into StLysMs and establish a foundation for understanding the roles of StLysM proteins in the pathogenic process of S.turcica.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[2023YFC2307305]Shenzhen Medical Research Fund[B2303003]+3 种基金the Zhujiang Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talents Program[2021ZT09Y544]the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program[ZDSYS20230626091203007]Shanghai CDC(Shanghai three-year(2023–2025)action plan to strengthen the public health system[GWVI–11.1–05])Top Young Talents in Shanghai。
文摘Objective To assess the independent and combined effects of air pollutants,meteorological factors,and greenspace exposure on new tuberculosis(TB)cases.Methods TB case data from Shanghai(2013–2018)were obtained from the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Environmental data on air pollutants,meteorological variables,and greenspace exposure were obtained from the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center.We employed a distributed-lag nonlinear model to assess the effects of these environmental factors on TB cases.Results Increased TB risk was linked to PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and rainfall,whereas NO_(2),SO_(2),and air pressure were associated with a reduced risk.Specifically,the strongest cumulative effects occurred at various lags:PM_(2.5)(RR=1.166,95%CI:1.026–1.325)at 0–19 weeks;PM_(10)(RR=1.167,95%CI:1.028–1.324)at 0–18 weeks;NO_(2)(RR=0.968,95%CI:0.938–0.999)at 0–1 weeks;SO_(2)(RR=0.945,95%CI:0.894–0.999)at 0–2 weeks;air pressure(RR=0.604,95%CI:0.447–0.816)at 0–8 weeks;and rainfall(RR=1.404,95%CI:1.076–1.833)at 0–22 weeks.Green space exposure did not significantly impact TB cases.Additionally,low temperatures amplified the effect of PM_(2.5)on TB.Conclusion Exposure to PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and rainfall increased the risk of TB,highlighting the need to address air pollutants for the prevention of TB in Shanghai.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2700605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071700 and 82101679)+4 种基金333 High-level Talent Training Project of the Jiangsu Province((2022)3-16-425)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220317)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2022ZB414)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(22KJB330001)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M711673).
文摘Objective To investigate the associations between eight serum per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)and regional fat depots,we analyzed the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)2011-2018 cycles.Methods Multiple linear regression models were developed to explore the associations between serum PFAS concentrations and six fat compositions along with a fat distribution score created by summing the concentrations of the six fat compositions.The associations between structurally grouped PFASs and fat distribution were assessed,and a prediction model was developed to estimate the ability of PFAS exposure to predict obesity risk.Results Among females aged 39-59 years,trunk fat mass was positively associated with perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS).Higher concentrations of PFOS,perfluorohexane sulfonate(PFHxS),perfluorodecanoate(PFDeA),perfluorononanoate(PFNA),and n-perfluorooctanoate(n-PFOA)were linked to greater visceral adipose tissue in this group.In men,exposure to total perfluoroalkane sulfonates(PFSAs)and long-chain PFSAs was associated with reductions in abdominal fat,while higher abdominal fat in women aged 39-59 years was associated with short-chain PFSAs.The prediction model demonstrated high accuracy,with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.9925 for predicting obesity risk.Conclusion PFAS exposure is associated with regional fat distribution,with varying effects based on age,sex,and PFAS structure.The findings highlight the potential role of PFAS exposure in influencing fat depots and obesity risk,with significant implications for public health.The prediction model provides a highly accurate tool for assessing obesity risk related to PFAS exposure.
基金The financial support received from the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(KCXFZ20201221173207022,WDZC20200821141349001)Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Startup Fund(21310041,S234602003)。
文摘Pu-erh tea,a traditional Chinese beverage,performs an anti-obesity function,but the correlation between its components and efficacy remains unknown.Here,we screened two Pu-erh teas with significant anti-obesity efficacies from 11 teas.In vitro experiments revealed that lipid accumulation in L02 cells and lipid synthesis in 3T3-L1 cells were significantly better inhibited by Tea-B than Tea-A.Further in vivo experiments using model mice revealed that the differences in chemical components generated two pathways in the anti-obesity efficacy and mechanism of Pu-erh teas.Tea-A changes the histomorphology of brown adipose tissue(BAT)and increases the abundance of Coriobacteriaceae_UCG_002 and cyclic AMP in guts through high chemical contents of cyclopentasiloxane,decamethyl,tridecane and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene,eventually increasing BAT activation and fat browning gene expression;the high content of hexadecane and 1,2-dimethoxybenzene in Tea-B reduces white adipose tissue(WAT)accumulation and the process of fatty liver,increases the abundance of Odoribacter and sphinganine 1-phosphate,inhibits the expression of lipid synthesis and transport genes.These mechanistic findings on the association of the representative bioactive components in Pu-erh teas with the anti-obesity phenotypes,gut microbes,gut metabolite structure and anti-obesity pathways,which were obtained for the first time,provide foundations for developing functional Pu-erh tea.
基金supported by the Laboratory Open Fund of Key Technology and Materials in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery(No.2024JZWC-YBA06)Medical and Industrial Cross Research Fundation of"Star of Jiaotong University"Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(Nos.YG2022ZD030,YG2021ZD34)+3 种基金Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Minimally Invasive Surgery on Spine(No.2021JCPT03)Tongren Hospital Introduces the Talented Person Scientific Research Start Funds Subsidization Project(No.TR2022rc07)Tongren Hospital Top Priority Subject Project(No.tr2023xk01),Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(No.2021264)Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(No.22ZR1469800).
文摘Severe traumatic bone healing relies on the involvement of growth factors.However,excessive supplementation of growth factors can lead to ectopic ossification and inflammation.In this study,utilizing the neural regulatory mechanism of bone regeneration,we have developed a multifunctional three dimensions(3D)printed scaffold containing both vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)and nerve growth factor(NGF)as an effective new method for achieving bone defect regeneration.The scaffold is provided by a controlled biodegradable and biomechanically matched poly(lactide-ethylene glycol-trimethylene carbonate)(PLTG),providing long-term support for the bone healing cycle.Factor loading is provided by peptide fiber-reinforced biomimetic antimicrobial extracellular matrix(ECM)(B-ECM)hydrogels with different release kinetics,the hydrogel guides rapid bone growth and resists bacterial infection at the early stage of healing.Physical and chemical characterization indicates that the scaffold has good structural stability and mechanical properties,providing an ideal 3D microenvironment for bone reconstruction.In the skull defect model,compared to releasing VIP or NGF alone,this drug delivery system can simulate a natural healing cascade of controllable release factors,significantly accelerating nerve/vascular bone regeneration.In conclusion,this study provides a promising strategy for implanting materials to repair bone defects by utilizing neuroregulatory mechanisms during bone regeneration.
基金supported by Key Project of Jiangsu Province’s Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZD202203)Jiangsu Province’s Innovation Program(JSSCTD202142)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(traditional Chinese medicine).
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)can help prevent or treat diseases;however,there are few studies on the active substances of TCM.For example,Lycium barbarum L.has been proven to be effective in treating osteoporosis for thousands of years,but its active substance remains to be unknown.Prompted by the efforts to modernize TCM,the present study focused on the novel active substance of Lycium barbarum L.to reinforce kidney essence to produce bone marrow.Illumina deep sequencing analysis and stemloop polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assay revealed that miR162a,a Lycium barbarum L.-derived microRNA,can pass through the gastrointestinal tract to target the bone marrow in mice.Immunofluorescence staining showed that miR162a was absorbed through systemic RNA interference defective transmembrane family member 1(SIDT1)in the stomach.Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay identified that miR162a targeted nuclear receptor corepressor(NcoR).Alizarin red staining and micro-computed tomography(microCT)confirmed that miR162a promoted osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,zebrafish,and a mouse model of osteoporosis.In addition,transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana(N.benthamiana)leaves overexpressing miR162a were developed by agrobacterium infiltration method.microCT and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining confirmed that transgenic N.benthamiana leaves effectively protected against osteoporosis in mice.Our study mechanistically explains how Lycium barbarum L.improves osteoporosis and supports that Lycium barbarum L.reinforces kidney essence,thereby strengthening the bone.miR162a expressed by transgenic plants may represent a novel and safe treatment for human osteoporosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171970)the Chongqing Talent Program,China(cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0073)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2021jcyjcxtt X0004)the Rice Innovative Research Team of Chongqing Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System,China(CQMAITS202301)。
文摘As a major subunit of the exocyst complex,members of the EXO70 family have mainly been shown to play roles in cell polarity and morphogenesis in Arabidopsis,but their roles in plant endosymbiosis,such as with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),have rarely been reported.Here,using knockout and overexpression lines,we show that OsEXO70L2,which encodes a divergent EXO70 protein in rice,controls the number of primary roots and is essential for large lateral root formation.Furthermore,the OsEXO70L2 mutant sr1 displayed rare internal AMF hyphaeand no arbuscules.We also found that AMF sporulation can occur in roots despite low colonization and that AMF colonization and sporulation are modulated by photoperiod and co-culture with clover.Finally,genes related to auxin homeostasis were found to be affected in the OsEXO70L2 knockout or overexpression lines,suggesting that auxin is at least partly responsible for the phenotypes.This study provides new perspectives on the role of the exocyst complex during root development and AM in rice.
基金Supported by the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Projects,No.AA23073012the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32360035 and No.32060018.
文摘BACKGROUND Probiotic Acetobacter pasteurianus is used to treat diabetes,but its specific hypoglycemic substances and mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To investigate the components for lipid metabolism of A.pasteurianus and its hypoglycemic effects,providing a basis for its broader application.METHODS The lipid metabolism of A.pasteurianus under different growth conditions was analyzed using lipidomics.Neutral lipid staining in A.pasteurianus cells and the formation of lipid droplet-like structures were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope.The neutral lipid components were also analyzed using thin layer chromato-graphy.A diabetic mouse model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of the main lipid components of A.pasteurianus and their role in repairing tissues such as the pancreas.RESULTS After comparing the effects of three culture media,namely,brain heart infusion(BHI)medium with 2%glucose,chromium-rich and zinc-rich medium,and mineral salt medium,A.pasteurianus grew well in BHI containing 2%glucose and produced the most lipids.A total of 583 lipid metabolic products was identified,with higher levels of coenzyme Q9(CoQ9),oleic acid(OA),and wax ester,but no triacylglycerol was observed.It was found that the components that affected lipid metabolism in A.pasteurianus were mainly CoQ9 and OA.They exhibited hypoglycemic effects comparable to metformin in diabetic mice,repaired damaged pancreatic tissues,and did not cause damage to the liver and spleen.CONCLUSION Under high-nutrient growth conditions,A.pasteurianus contains abundant lipid components,such as CoQ9 and OA,with good hypoglycemic effects.
基金Supported by the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Projects,No.AA23073012the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32360035 and No.32060018。
文摘BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori),a globally prevalent pathogen,is exhibiting increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance.However,clinical implementation of pre-treatment susceptibility testing remains limited due to the organism’s fastidious growth requirements and prolonged culture time.AIM To propose a novel detection method utilizing antibiotic-supplemented media to inhibit susceptible strains,while resistant isolates were identified through urease-mediated hydrolysis of urea,inducing a phenol red color change for visual confirmation.METHODS Colombia agar was supplemented with urea,phenol red,and nickel chloride,and the final pH was adjusted to 7.35.Antibiotic-selective media were prepared by incorporating amoxicillin(0.5μg/mL),clarithromycin(2μg/mL),metronidazole(8μg/mL),or levofloxacin(2μg/mL)into separate batches.Gastric antral biopsies were homogenized and inoculated at 1.0×105 CFU onto the media,and then incubated under microaerobic conditions at 37°C for 28-36 hours.Resistance was determined based on a color change from yellow to pink,and the results were validated via broth microdilution according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.RESULTS After 28-36 hours of incubation,the drug-resistant H.pylori isolates induced a light red color change in the medium.Conversely,susceptible strains(H.pylori 26695 and G27)produced no visible color change.Compared with the conventional 11-day protocol,the novel method significantly reduced detection time.Among 201 clinical isolates,182 were successfully evaluated using the new method,resulting in a 90.5%detection rate.This was consistent with the 95.5%agreement rate observed when compared with microdilution-based susceptibility testing.The success rate of the novel approach was significantly higher than that of the comparative method(P<0.01).The accuracy of the new method was comparable to that of the dilution method.CONCLUSION The novel detection method can rapidly detect H.pylori drug resistance within 28-36 hours.With its operational simplicity and high diagnostic performance,it holds strong potential for clinical application in the management of H.pylori antimicrobial resistance.
文摘Impact of elevated CO2 (free air CO2 enrichment) was studied on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var Kundan) growth, yield and proteome. Elevated CO2 significantly impacted both underground (+24%) and aboveground (+15%) biomass. Grain weight/plant and harvest index were increased by 35% and 11.4%, respectively under high CO2. On the other hand, seed protein content was decreased by 19% under CO2 enrichment while seed starch and soluble sugar contents were increased by 8% and 23%, respectively. Wheat leaf proteomics revealed that 50 proteins were showing differential expression. Twenty proteins were more abundant while 30 were less abundant. Thirty two proteins were identified by MALDI TOF TOF. More abundant proteins were related to defense, photosynthesis, energy metabolism etc. While less abundant proteins were related to glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Wheat grain proteomics revealed that out of 49 differentially abundant proteins, 24 were more in abundance and 25 were less in abundance in wheat grains under eCO2 condition. Thirty three proteins were identified and functionally characterized. They were found to be involved mainly in carbon metabolism, storage, defence and proteolysis. Gluten proteins are the major component of wheat storage proteins. Our results showed that both high and low molecular weight glutenins were more in eCO2 wheat seeds while there was no change in gliadin evels. This might alter wheat dough strength. Concentration of grain Cr and As was increased at eCO2 while that of Fe, Cu, Zn and Se were found to be decreased. Dynamics of carbon utilization and metabolic abilities of soil microbes under eCO2 were significantly altered. Our study showed that altered wheat seed composition is cause for concern vis-à-vis nutrition and health and for industries which may have implications for agriculturally dominated country like India.
基金provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41373078)the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2013CB956702)+1 种基金the Key Project of Natural Science Research in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province (Grant No.16KJA180003)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No.ZR2016DQ12)
文摘Heavy use of chemical fertilizer causes increasing soil and environmental crisis, and the use of organic fertilizer increases obvious in recent years. In this study,mineral organic fertilizer(MOF) and compound fertilizer(CF) were applied in amaranth culture to explore the effects of these two kinds of fertilizers on soil quality and the potential function for CO_2 fixation. Some soil parameters were tested, e.g. p H value, organic carbon content, microbial biomass, urease activity, and available potassium content. In addition, some parameters of soil infiltration water were also determined, such as p H and HCO_3^- concentration. Experimental results showed that MOF improved soil quality and amaranth biomass and increased possible soil carbon sink.On the contrary, the utilization of CF worsened soil quality and made the soil acidize. These results suggested that MOF can partially replace CF to improve plant growth, soil quality and possible CO_2 sink.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (No. 2013CB956702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41373078)
文摘The weathering of carbonate rocks by biological soil crusts （BSC） in karst areas is very common. It is helpful to understand the weathering mechanisms and processes for avoiding karst rock-desertification. The weathering of carbonate rocks by BSC in karst areas, namely the expansion, contraction and curl resulting from environmental wetting-drying cycles, was investigated and ana- lyzed in this paper. The bulk density, area and thickness of BSC were determined and the weathering amount of limestone and dolomite per unit area of BSC was calculated as 3 700 and 3 400 g·m-2; the amount of biomass on the surface of limestone and dolomite was calculated as 1 146 and 1 301 g·m-2, respectively. Such an increased weathering amount was not only the result of chemical and physical weathering of BSC on carbonate rocks, but also the attachment and cementation of BSC to clay particles, dust-fall, sand particles, solid particles brought by strong air currents, wind and other factors in the surrounding environment, which may also be related to the special environment and the special time period. Based on the results obtained, a weathering mode of BSC is studied, and the mechanisms of weathering by BSC are discussed. In conclusion, we suggest that the mechanical force exerted by the expansion and constriction of gelatinous and mucilaginous substances through wetting and drying of BSC play a significant role in the physical weathering process of the carbonate substrates.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81760739Special Fund Projects for Guide Local Science and Technology Development by the China government,No.GUIKEZY201980042022 Guangxi Graduate Education Innovation Plan Project,No.YCBZ2022071.
文摘BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is the main pathogen that causes a variety of upper digestive diseases.The drug resistance rate of H.pylori is increasingly higher,and the eradication rate is increasingly lower.The antimicrobial resistance of H.pylori is an urgent global problem.It has been confirmed that Banxia Xiexin decoction(BXXXT)demonstrates the effects of treating gastrointestinal diseases,inhibiting H.pylori and protecting gastric mucosa.The purpose of the present study is to further explore the therapeutic effects of BXXXT on drug-resistant H.pylori.AIM To confirm that BXXXT demonstrates therapeutical effects in vivo and in vitro on gastritis mice with drug-resistant H.pylori and explain its mechanism to provide an experimental basis for promoting the application of BXXXT.METHODS The aqueous extract of BXXXT was gained by water decocting method.The inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract on H.pylori was detected by dilution in vitro;drug-resistant H.pylori cells were used to build an acute gastritis model in vivo.Thereafter,the model mice were treated with the aqueous extract of BXXXT.The amount of H.pylori colonization,the repair of gastric mucosal damage,changes of inflammatory factors,apoptosis,etc.,were assessed.In terms of mechanism exploration,the main medicinal compositions of BXXXT aqueous extract and the synergistic bacteriostatic effects they had demonstrated were analyzed using mass spectrometry;the immune function of peripheral blood cells such as CD3+T and CD4+T of mice with gastritis before and after treatment with BXXXT aqueous extract was detected using a flow cytometry;the H.pylori transcriptome and proteome after treatment with BXXXT aqueous extract were detected.Differently expressed genes were screened and verification was performed thereon with knockout expression.RESULTS The minimum inhibitory concentration of BXXXT aqueous extract against H.pylori was 256-512μg/mL.A dose of 28 mg/kg BXXXT aqueous extract treatment produced better therapeutical effects than the standard triple therapy did;the BXXXT aqueous extract have at least 11 ingredients inhibiting H.pylori,including berberine,quercetin,baicalin,luteolin,gallic acid,rosmarinic acid,aloe emodin,etc.,of which berberine,aloe emodin,luteolin and gallic acid have a synergistic effect;BXXXT aqueous extract was found to stimulate the expressions of CD3+T and CD4+T and increase the number of CD4+T/CD8+T in gastritis mice;the detection of transcriptome and proteome,quantitative polymerase chain reaction,Western blotting and knockout verification revealed that the main targets of BXXXT aqueous extract are CFAs related to urea enzymes,and CagA,VacA,etc.CONCLUSION BXXXT aqueous extract could demonstrate good therapeutic effects on drug-resistance H.pylori in vitro and in vivo and its mechanism comes down to the synergistic or additional antibacterial effects of berberine,emodin and luteolin,the main components of the extract;the extract could activate the immune function and enhance bactericidal effects;BXXXT aqueous extract,with main targets of BXXXT aqueous extract related to urease,virulence factors,etc.,could reduce the urease and virulence of H.pylori,weaken its colonization,and reduce its inflammatory damage to the gastric mucosa.
文摘In order to find and identify more targets species of pests for toxic insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)strains,a toxicity survey was carried out of two strains h3 and Ly30 against diamondback moth(Lepidoptera),Culex pipiens pallens and Musca domestica(Diptera),Blattella germanica(Coleoptera),which were respectively isolated from Lianyungang oceans with excellent characteristic of high salt tolerance,and from insect Componotus iaponicu Mayr larvae,respectively.Bioassay showed that h3 and Ly30 have efficient insecticidal activity against diamondback moth(Lepidoptera),Culex pipiens pallens and Musca domestica(Diptera)by 99%-100%mortality at 3 d-5 d,while only have 30%mortality at 5 d against coleoptera pests.It provided strong evidence for the insecticidal role of autotrophic Bt strains h3 and Ly30 against pests populations of lepidoptera and diptera and coleoptera,and aslo evidence for the application in the fields of agriculture and forest and public health.Furthermore,high salt tolerance of h3 could provide great benefit not only in expanding the application fields of biological insecticides,but also increasing the applicable object,and enhancing the efficacy of Bt.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Creative Research Groups(No.41021062)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2013CB956700)
文摘Although microbial treatments of heavy metal ions in wastewater have been studied, the removal of these metals through incorporation into carbonate minerals has rarely been reported. To investigate the removal of Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋, two representative metals in wastewater, through the precipitation of carbonate minerals by a microbial flocculant （MBF） produced by Bacillus mucilaginosus. MBF was added to synthetic wastewater containing different Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋ concentrations, and the extent of flocculation was analyzed. CO2 was bubbled into the mixture of MBF and Fe^3＋/Pb^2＋ to initiate the reaction. The solid substrates were analyzed via X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results showed that the removal efficiency decreased and the MBF adsorption capacity for metals increased with increasing heavy metal concentration. In the system containing MBF, metals （Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋）, and CO2, the concentrated metals adsorbed onto the MBF combined with the dissolved CO2, resulting in oversaturation of metal carbonate minerals to form iron carbonate and lead carbonates. These results may be used in designing a method in which microbes can be utilized to combine CO2 with wastewater heavy metals to form carbonates, with the aim of mitigating environmental problems.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2018YFC2002000 and 2018YFC2000500/03Shanghai Natural Science Foundation,No.21ZR1409200
文摘The incidence of frailty gradually increases with age.This condition places a heavy burden on modern society,of which the aging population is increasing.Frailty is one of the most complicated clinical syndromes;thus,it is difficult to uncover its underlying mechanisms.Oxidative stress(OS)is involved in frailty in multiple ways.The association between the gut microbiota(GM)and frailty was recently reported.Herein,we propose that OS is involved in the association between the GM and the occurrence of frailty syndrome.An imbalance between oxidation and antioxidants can eventually lead to frailty,and the GM probably participates in this process through the production of reactive oxygen species.On the other hand,OS can disturb the GM.Such dysbiosis consequently induces or exacerbates tissue damage,leading to the occurrence of frailty syndrome.Finally,we discuss the possibility of improving frailty by intervening in the vicious cycle between the imbalance of OS and dysbiosis.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB955700,2015CB452900)the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) Project (201105021)
文摘The ecosystems of China seas and coasts are undergoing rapid changes under the strong influences of both global climate change and anthropogenic activities.To understand the scope of these changes and the mechanisms behind them is of paramount importance for the sustainable development of China,and for the establishment of national policies on environment protection and climate change mitigation.Here we provide a brief review of the impacts of global climate change and human activities on the oceans in general,and on the ecosystems of China seas and coasts in particular.More importantly,we discuss the challenges we are facing and propose several research foci for China seas/coasts ecosystem studies,including long-term time series observations on multiple scales,facilities for simulation study,blue carbon,coastal ecological security,prediction of ecosystem evolution and ecosystem-based management.We also establish a link to the Future Earth program from the perspectives of two newly formed national alliances,the China Future Ocean Alliance and the Pan-China Ocean Carbon Alliance.
