The smart meter communication system has substantial application value for the construction and upgrading of the entire power system.The deployment of the transmitter(Tx)of the smart meter system in the residential sc...The smart meter communication system has substantial application value for the construction and upgrading of the entire power system.The deployment of the transmitter(Tx)of the smart meter system in the residential scenarios is vexed by the need for more theoretical support.This paper mainly studies the communication channel between the Tx at semibasement and receiver(Rx)at outdoor.The design of an effective communication system relies on an accurate understanding of channel characteristics.Channel measurements and ray-tracing channel modeling are conducted to obtain channel data.The influence of different positions at same semi-basement is studied.Typical channel characteristics are analyzed,such as power delay profile(PDP),power angular profile(PAP),root-mean-square(RMS)delay spread(DS),channel capacity,received power,and path loss.The influence of different semi-basement placements and different floor heights is also compared.Besides,the channel measurements and simulation data fit well,which can illustrate the validity and reliability of the acquired channel data.This paper can provide theoretical support for the design and optimization of smart meter communication systems in semi-basement scenarios.展开更多
Based on the advanced integrated technology of materials preparation and formation, a new pattern Zn-Al-Mg-RE anti-corrosion coating for steel structure sustainable design was manufactured by cored wires and high velo...Based on the advanced integrated technology of materials preparation and formation, a new pattern Zn-Al-Mg-RE anti-corrosion coating for steel structure sustainable design was manufactured by cored wires and high velocity arc spraying (HVAS) technologies. The developments of thermally sprayed coatings for steel structure protection were described. Based on Al, Zn, Zn-Al and Zn-Al-Mg coatings, the anti-corrosion properties of new-pattern Zn-Al-Mg-RE coating were evaluated through electrochemical methods including electrochemical polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) coupled with SEM and XRD. The models of Zn-Al-Mg-RE coating undergoing corrosion with the initial pinhole defect and the latter with accelerated products were also discussed. The results show that Zn-Al-Mg-RE coating exhibites excellent corrosion resistance for long-term immersion, which is helpful for the sustainable design of steel structure in aggressive corrosion conditions. And the corrosion products seem to possess certain self-sealing function.展开更多
Posttranslational modifications of antibody products affect their stability,charge distribution,and drug activity and are thus a critical quality attribute.The comprehensive mapping of antibody modifications and diffe...Posttranslational modifications of antibody products affect their stability,charge distribution,and drug activity and are thus a critical quality attribute.The comprehensive mapping of antibody modifications and different charge isomers(CIs)is of utmost importance,but is challenging.We intended to quantitatively characterize the posttranslational modification status of CIs of antibody drugs and explore the impact of posttranslational modifications on charge heterogeneity.The CIs of antibodies were fractionated by strong cation exchange chromatography and verified by capillary isoelectric focusing-whole column imaging detection,followed by stepwise structural characterization at three levels.First,the differences between CIs were explored at the intact protein level using a top-down mass spectrometry approach;this showed differences in glycoforms and deamidation status.Second,at the peptide level,common modifications of oxidation,deamidation,and glycosylation were identified.Peptide mapping showed nonuniform deamidation and glycoform distribution among CIs.In total,10 N-glycoforms were detected by peptide mapping.Finally,an in-depth analysis of glycan variants of CIs was performed through the detection of enriched glycopeptides.Qualitative and quantitative analyses demonstrated the dynamics of 24 N-glycoforms.The results revealed that sialic acid modification is a critical factor accounting for charge heterogeneity,which is otherwise missed in peptide mapping and intact molecular weight analyses.This study demonstrated the importance of the comprehensive analyses of antibody CIs and provides a reference method for the quality control of biopharmaceutical analysis.展开更多
In order to solve the failure of electricity anti-stealing detection device triggered by the noise mixed in high-frequency electricity stealing signals,a denoising method based on variational mode decomposition(VMD)an...In order to solve the failure of electricity anti-stealing detection device triggered by the noise mixed in high-frequency electricity stealing signals,a denoising method based on variational mode decomposition(VMD)and wavelet threshold denoising(WTD)was applied to extract the effective high-frequency electricity stealing signals.First,the signal polluted by noise was pre-decomposed using the VMD algorithm,the instantaneous frequency means of each pre-decomposed components was analyzed,so as to determine the optimal K value.The optimal K value was used to decompose the polluted signal into K intrinsic mode components,and the sensitive mode components were determined through the cross-correlation function.Next,each sensitive mode was reconstructed.Finally,the reconstructed signal denoised using the wavelet threshold to obtain the denoised signal.The simulation analysis and experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to the traditional VMD method,FFT method and EMD method,as it can effectively eliminate the noise and enhance the reliability of high-frequency electricity stealing signal detection.展开更多
The high-pressure polymorphs and structural transformation of Sn were experimentally investigated using angle- dispersive synchrotron x-ray diffraction up to 108.9 GPa. The results show that at least at 12.8 GPa β-Sn...The high-pressure polymorphs and structural transformation of Sn were experimentally investigated using angle- dispersive synchrotron x-ray diffraction up to 108.9 GPa. The results show that at least at 12.8 GPa β-Sn→bct structure transformation was completed and no two-phase coexistence was found. By using a long-wavelength x-ray, we resolved the diffraction peaks splitting and discovered the formation of a new distorted orthorhombic structure bco from the bct structure at 31.8 GPa. The variation of the lattice parameters and their ratios with pressure further validate the observation of the bco polymorph. The bcc structure appears at 40.9 GPa and coexists with the bco phase throughout a wide pressure range of 40.9 GPa-73.1 GPa. Above 73.1 GPa, only the bcc polymorph is observed, The systematically experimental investigation confirms the phase transition sequence of Sn asβ-Sn→bct→bco→bco ＋ bcc→bcc upon compression to 108.9 GPa at room temperature.展开更多
With the vigorous growth of animal husbandry, animal feces in the agriculture sector gradually deteriorate the environment. The chicken manure power generation is becoming viable and useful for energy conversion to co...With the vigorous growth of animal husbandry, animal feces in the agriculture sector gradually deteriorate the environment. The chicken manure power generation is becoming viable and useful for energy conversion to comply with the context of environmental protection in China. Based on resource endowments and technical conditions, this paper studies the current situation of chicken manure power generation in China. Combined with the policy environment, the research conducts a PEST-SWOT matrix analysis to thoroughly look into the strengths and weaknesses, the opportunities and challenges. Then, the paper analyzes the distribution of chicken manure and gives some solutions from respects of government regulatory behavior, industrial-organizational behavior and corporation strategic behavior. Finally, it is concluded that: 1) the government should strengthen policy support by actively improving the subsidy mechanism and lowering the threshold of financing and credit;2) enterprises should focus on improving power generation technology and boiler treatment technology.展开更多
The general object of research is to design new idea of the semi-biodegradable,multilayered vascular prosthesis used for the reconstruction of significantly small diameter vascular vessels( microreconstruction). The p...The general object of research is to design new idea of the semi-biodegradable,multilayered vascular prosthesis used for the reconstruction of significantly small diameter vascular vessels( microreconstruction). The paper studies the selection of appropriate sterilization technique for resorbable tubular structures made of poly( L-lactide-co-glicolide)( PLAGA) and nonbiodegradable tubular structures made of polypropylene( PP). The designed grafts are characterized by the physical properties as well as mechanical properties according to ISO 7198 ∶ 1998 Standard.Moreover,the process of the grafts fabrication will be explained considering the stages affected the critical properties of the elaborated textile implants. The increase of PLAGA melt-electrospun tubular structures mechanical properties was observed due to the thermal stabilization use. The ethylene oxide( EO) and steam sterilization had a destructive effect on the designed PLAGA meltelectrospun tubular, fibrous structures, whereas the irradiation yielded in the changes in mechanical and physical properties on the acceptable level,taking into account the future clinical applications.展开更多
Electricity productivity is regarded as a major assessment indicator in the design of energy saving policies,given that China has entered a“New Normal”of economic development.In fact,enhancing electricity productivi...Electricity productivity is regarded as a major assessment indicator in the design of energy saving policies,given that China has entered a“New Normal”of economic development.In fact,enhancing electricity productivity in an all-round way,as is one of the binding indicators for energy and environmental issues,means that non-growth target of total electric energy consumption in the economic development is feasible.The Gini coefficient,Theil index,and Mean log deviation are utilized to measure regional differences in China’s electricity productivity from 1997 to 2016 in five regions,and conditionalβconvergence is empirically analyzed with the spatial Durbin model.The results show that:(1)China’s electricity productivity is improving,while the overall feature is that the eastern area has a higher efficiency than the western area.(2)The difference in electricity productivity is the smallest in the northeast and the largest in the northwest.Interregional difference plays an important role and is the main cause for the differences.(3)The electricity productivity in China exhibitsβconvergence,except for the northwest.The positive driving factor is urbanization level(0.0485%),and the negative driving factor is FDI(–0.0104%).Moreover,the urbanization rate(0.0669%),foreign direct investment(0.0960%),and the industrial structure(–0.0769%)have a spatial spillover effect on improving regional electricity productivity.Based on this conclusion,the study provides some recommendations for saving energy policy design in China’s power industry.展开更多
Gas chromatograph refers to a chromatographic instrument that uses gas as mobile phase. There is no item related to the measurement accuracy of the instrument in the gas chromatograph regulations. In the gas chromatog...Gas chromatograph refers to a chromatographic instrument that uses gas as mobile phase. There is no item related to the measurement accuracy of the instrument in the gas chromatograph regulations. In the gas chromatograph regulations, the detectors are divided into two types: Concentration detector and quality detector. In this example, the detection limits of TCD, FID, FPD, NPD and ECD of gas chromatograph are used to verify or calibrate the uncertainty of the measured values.展开更多
Conventional named entity recognition methods usually assume that the model can be trained with sufficient annotated data to obtain good recognition results.However,in Chinese named entity recognition in the electric ...Conventional named entity recognition methods usually assume that the model can be trained with sufficient annotated data to obtain good recognition results.However,in Chinese named entity recognition in the electric power domain,existing methods still face the challenges of lack of annotated data and new entities of unseen types.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a meta-learning-based continuous cue adjustment method.A generative pre-trained language model is used so that it does not change its own model structure when dealing with new entity types.To guide the pre-trained model to make full use of its own latent knowledge,a vector of learnable parameters is set as a cue to compensate for the lack of training data.In order to further improve the model's few-shot learning capability,a meta-learning strategy is used to train the model.Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves the best results in a few-shot electric Chinese power named entity recognition dataset compared to several traditional named entity approaches.展开更多
Accurate topological information is crucial in supporting the coordinated operational requirements of source-load-storage in low-voltage distribution networks.Comprehensive coverage of smart meters provides a database...Accurate topological information is crucial in supporting the coordinated operational requirements of source-load-storage in low-voltage distribution networks.Comprehensive coverage of smart meters provides a database for low-voltage topology identification(LVTI).However,because of electricity theft,power line commu-nication crosstalk,and interruption of communication,the measurement data may be distorted.This can seriously affect the performance of LVTI methods.Thus,this paper defines hidden errors and proposes an LVTI method based on layer-by-layer stepwise regression.In the first step,a multi-linear regression model is developed for consumer-branch connectivity identification based on the energy conservation principle.In the second step,a significance factor based on the t-test is proposed to modify the identification results by considering the hidden errors.In the third step,the regression model and significance threshold parameters are iteratively updated layer by layer to improve the recall rate of the final identification results.Finally,simulations of a test system with 63 users are carried out,and the practical application results show that the proposed method can guarantee over 90%precision under the influence of hidden errors.展开更多
The generative adversarial network based methods have beenapplied in many fields for simulation data generation. For power equipment,due to the combined influences of multiple factors, how to generatereasonable simula...The generative adversarial network based methods have beenapplied in many fields for simulation data generation. For power equipment,due to the combined influences of multiple factors, how to generatereasonable simulation data that meets specific requirements has becomea challenge. This paper proposes a power equipment status generationapproach based on generative confrontation network. This approach considersthe changing factors of power equipment and takes it as the conditionaldistribution of simulation data during training. The proposedapproach is applied to the status generation of power equipment, andthe rationality and effectiveness of the approach are verified throughexperiments.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant ZR2024MF062the open research fund of National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory,Southeast University under Grants 2025D03+1 种基金the Future Plan Program for Young Scholars of Shandong University,and the Innovation and Technology Support Program for Young Scholars of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province under Grant 2022KJ009The B6G R&D Group in Shandong University is greatly thanked for channel measurements.
文摘The smart meter communication system has substantial application value for the construction and upgrading of the entire power system.The deployment of the transmitter(Tx)of the smart meter system in the residential scenarios is vexed by the need for more theoretical support.This paper mainly studies the communication channel between the Tx at semibasement and receiver(Rx)at outdoor.The design of an effective communication system relies on an accurate understanding of channel characteristics.Channel measurements and ray-tracing channel modeling are conducted to obtain channel data.The influence of different positions at same semi-basement is studied.Typical channel characteristics are analyzed,such as power delay profile(PDP),power angular profile(PAP),root-mean-square(RMS)delay spread(DS),channel capacity,received power,and path loss.The influence of different semi-basement placements and different floor heights is also compared.Besides,the channel measurements and simulation data fit well,which can illustrate the validity and reliability of the acquired channel data.This paper can provide theoretical support for the design and optimization of smart meter communication systems in semi-basement scenarios.
文摘Based on the advanced integrated technology of materials preparation and formation, a new pattern Zn-Al-Mg-RE anti-corrosion coating for steel structure sustainable design was manufactured by cored wires and high velocity arc spraying (HVAS) technologies. The developments of thermally sprayed coatings for steel structure protection were described. Based on Al, Zn, Zn-Al and Zn-Al-Mg coatings, the anti-corrosion properties of new-pattern Zn-Al-Mg-RE coating were evaluated through electrochemical methods including electrochemical polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) coupled with SEM and XRD. The models of Zn-Al-Mg-RE coating undergoing corrosion with the initial pinhole defect and the latter with accelerated products were also discussed. The results show that Zn-Al-Mg-RE coating exhibites excellent corrosion resistance for long-term immersion, which is helpful for the sustainable design of steel structure in aggressive corrosion conditions. And the corrosion products seem to possess certain self-sealing function.
基金the financial support from the National Key Program for Basic Research of China(Grant Nos.:2018YFC0910302 and 2017YFF0205400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81530021)Innovation Foundation of Medicine(Grant Nos.:BWS14J052 and 16CXZ027)
文摘Posttranslational modifications of antibody products affect their stability,charge distribution,and drug activity and are thus a critical quality attribute.The comprehensive mapping of antibody modifications and different charge isomers(CIs)is of utmost importance,but is challenging.We intended to quantitatively characterize the posttranslational modification status of CIs of antibody drugs and explore the impact of posttranslational modifications on charge heterogeneity.The CIs of antibodies were fractionated by strong cation exchange chromatography and verified by capillary isoelectric focusing-whole column imaging detection,followed by stepwise structural characterization at three levels.First,the differences between CIs were explored at the intact protein level using a top-down mass spectrometry approach;this showed differences in glycoforms and deamidation status.Second,at the peptide level,common modifications of oxidation,deamidation,and glycosylation were identified.Peptide mapping showed nonuniform deamidation and glycoform distribution among CIs.In total,10 N-glycoforms were detected by peptide mapping.Finally,an in-depth analysis of glycan variants of CIs was performed through the detection of enriched glycopeptides.Qualitative and quantitative analyses demonstrated the dynamics of 24 N-glycoforms.The results revealed that sialic acid modification is a critical factor accounting for charge heterogeneity,which is otherwise missed in peptide mapping and intact molecular weight analyses.This study demonstrated the importance of the comprehensive analyses of antibody CIs and provides a reference method for the quality control of biopharmaceutical analysis.
基金supported by China Southern Power Grid Corporation,GrantNo.GDKJXM20185800the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant No.62073084.
文摘In order to solve the failure of electricity anti-stealing detection device triggered by the noise mixed in high-frequency electricity stealing signals,a denoising method based on variational mode decomposition(VMD)and wavelet threshold denoising(WTD)was applied to extract the effective high-frequency electricity stealing signals.First,the signal polluted by noise was pre-decomposed using the VMD algorithm,the instantaneous frequency means of each pre-decomposed components was analyzed,so as to determine the optimal K value.The optimal K value was used to decompose the polluted signal into K intrinsic mode components,and the sensitive mode components were determined through the cross-correlation function.Next,each sensitive mode was reconstructed.Finally,the reconstructed signal denoised using the wavelet threshold to obtain the denoised signal.The simulation analysis and experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to the traditional VMD method,FFT method and EMD method,as it can effectively eliminate the noise and enhance the reliability of high-frequency electricity stealing signal detection.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11304294 and 11274281)the Science Fund from the National Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics of China(Grant Nos.9140C670201140C67281 and 9140C670102150C67288)
文摘The high-pressure polymorphs and structural transformation of Sn were experimentally investigated using angle- dispersive synchrotron x-ray diffraction up to 108.9 GPa. The results show that at least at 12.8 GPa β-Sn→bct structure transformation was completed and no two-phase coexistence was found. By using a long-wavelength x-ray, we resolved the diffraction peaks splitting and discovered the formation of a new distorted orthorhombic structure bco from the bct structure at 31.8 GPa. The variation of the lattice parameters and their ratios with pressure further validate the observation of the bco polymorph. The bcc structure appears at 40.9 GPa and coexists with the bco phase throughout a wide pressure range of 40.9 GPa-73.1 GPa. Above 73.1 GPa, only the bcc polymorph is observed, The systematically experimental investigation confirms the phase transition sequence of Sn asβ-Sn→bct→bco→bco ＋ bcc→bcc upon compression to 108.9 GPa at room temperature.
文摘With the vigorous growth of animal husbandry, animal feces in the agriculture sector gradually deteriorate the environment. The chicken manure power generation is becoming viable and useful for energy conversion to comply with the context of environmental protection in China. Based on resource endowments and technical conditions, this paper studies the current situation of chicken manure power generation in China. Combined with the policy environment, the research conducts a PEST-SWOT matrix analysis to thoroughly look into the strengths and weaknesses, the opportunities and challenges. Then, the paper analyzes the distribution of chicken manure and gives some solutions from respects of government regulatory behavior, industrial-organizational behavior and corporation strategic behavior. Finally, it is concluded that: 1) the government should strengthen policy support by actively improving the subsidy mechanism and lowering the threshold of financing and credit;2) enterprises should focus on improving power generation technology and boiler treatment technology.
基金European Regional Development Fund(No.WND-POIG.01.03.01-00-007/08-00)
文摘The general object of research is to design new idea of the semi-biodegradable,multilayered vascular prosthesis used for the reconstruction of significantly small diameter vascular vessels( microreconstruction). The paper studies the selection of appropriate sterilization technique for resorbable tubular structures made of poly( L-lactide-co-glicolide)( PLAGA) and nonbiodegradable tubular structures made of polypropylene( PP). The designed grafts are characterized by the physical properties as well as mechanical properties according to ISO 7198 ∶ 1998 Standard.Moreover,the process of the grafts fabrication will be explained considering the stages affected the critical properties of the elaborated textile implants. The increase of PLAGA melt-electrospun tubular structures mechanical properties was observed due to the thermal stabilization use. The ethylene oxide( EO) and steam sterilization had a destructive effect on the designed PLAGA meltelectrospun tubular, fibrous structures, whereas the irradiation yielded in the changes in mechanical and physical properties on the acceptable level,taking into account the future clinical applications.
基金supported by Funds for the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Project(Grant Nos.71103120&51507099)Shanghai Social Science Planning General Project(Grant No.2018BGl019).
文摘Electricity productivity is regarded as a major assessment indicator in the design of energy saving policies,given that China has entered a“New Normal”of economic development.In fact,enhancing electricity productivity in an all-round way,as is one of the binding indicators for energy and environmental issues,means that non-growth target of total electric energy consumption in the economic development is feasible.The Gini coefficient,Theil index,and Mean log deviation are utilized to measure regional differences in China’s electricity productivity from 1997 to 2016 in five regions,and conditionalβconvergence is empirically analyzed with the spatial Durbin model.The results show that:(1)China’s electricity productivity is improving,while the overall feature is that the eastern area has a higher efficiency than the western area.(2)The difference in electricity productivity is the smallest in the northeast and the largest in the northwest.Interregional difference plays an important role and is the main cause for the differences.(3)The electricity productivity in China exhibitsβconvergence,except for the northwest.The positive driving factor is urbanization level(0.0485%),and the negative driving factor is FDI(–0.0104%).Moreover,the urbanization rate(0.0669%),foreign direct investment(0.0960%),and the industrial structure(–0.0769%)have a spatial spillover effect on improving regional electricity productivity.Based on this conclusion,the study provides some recommendations for saving energy policy design in China’s power industry.
文摘Gas chromatograph refers to a chromatographic instrument that uses gas as mobile phase. There is no item related to the measurement accuracy of the instrument in the gas chromatograph regulations. In the gas chromatograph regulations, the detectors are divided into two types: Concentration detector and quality detector. In this example, the detection limits of TCD, FID, FPD, NPD and ECD of gas chromatograph are used to verify or calibrate the uncertainty of the measured values.
文摘Conventional named entity recognition methods usually assume that the model can be trained with sufficient annotated data to obtain good recognition results.However,in Chinese named entity recognition in the electric power domain,existing methods still face the challenges of lack of annotated data and new entities of unseen types.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a meta-learning-based continuous cue adjustment method.A generative pre-trained language model is used so that it does not change its own model structure when dealing with new entity types.To guide the pre-trained model to make full use of its own latent knowledge,a vector of learnable parameters is set as a cue to compensate for the lack of training data.In order to further improve the model's few-shot learning capability,a meta-learning strategy is used to train the model.Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves the best results in a few-shot electric Chinese power named entity recognition dataset compared to several traditional named entity approaches.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(No.52177085)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(No.202102021208).
文摘Accurate topological information is crucial in supporting the coordinated operational requirements of source-load-storage in low-voltage distribution networks.Comprehensive coverage of smart meters provides a database for low-voltage topology identification(LVTI).However,because of electricity theft,power line commu-nication crosstalk,and interruption of communication,the measurement data may be distorted.This can seriously affect the performance of LVTI methods.Thus,this paper defines hidden errors and proposes an LVTI method based on layer-by-layer stepwise regression.In the first step,a multi-linear regression model is developed for consumer-branch connectivity identification based on the energy conservation principle.In the second step,a significance factor based on the t-test is proposed to modify the identification results by considering the hidden errors.In the third step,the regression model and significance threshold parameters are iteratively updated layer by layer to improve the recall rate of the final identification results.Finally,simulations of a test system with 63 users are carried out,and the practical application results show that the proposed method can guarantee over 90%precision under the influence of hidden errors.
文摘The generative adversarial network based methods have beenapplied in many fields for simulation data generation. For power equipment,due to the combined influences of multiple factors, how to generatereasonable simulation data that meets specific requirements has becomea challenge. This paper proposes a power equipment status generationapproach based on generative confrontation network. This approach considersthe changing factors of power equipment and takes it as the conditionaldistribution of simulation data during training. The proposedapproach is applied to the status generation of power equipment, andthe rationality and effectiveness of the approach are verified throughexperiments.
