As teachers of EFL （English as a Foreign Language） in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, we are sometimes flabbergasted by the errors that the/earners make in their English scripts. Apparently, there was no pattern to the...As teachers of EFL （English as a Foreign Language） in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, we are sometimes flabbergasted by the errors that the/earners make in their English scripts. Apparently, there was no pattern to these errors. However, when the researcher observed the frequency of similar error over a few years of her experience as an EFL faculty for Saudi learners, the theory of Lexical Relations appeared to offer an answer. Therein also lies the genesis of the current study. In a positive development, the study did bring to light certain factors that directly played a role in the Saudi EFL learners＇ English errors. These have been presented in this paper with the hope that with the diagnosis in hand, it will be easier for the EFL teachers to find a solution to the dearth of English proficiency among the Saudi EFL learners.展开更多
Learning has come a long way from the conventional blackboard that marked the earlier decades to the new age Blackboard Collaborate which enables learners to work and learn in a collaborative online environment. Virtu...Learning has come a long way from the conventional blackboard that marked the earlier decades to the new age Blackboard Collaborate which enables learners to work and learn in a collaborative online environment. Virtual classrooms, especially with learners sharing in academic workload on portals such as Google Docs, have arrived as a natural development of the ICT （In Circuit Tester） wave. In addition to offering ample scope for peer interaction, Blackboard Collaborate gives learners the electronic environment they are most familiar with and keeps them updated with the latest educational tools. However, for it to succeed, the perception of the teachers is a factor that needs close scrutiny before this tool can be incorporated into the system. The aim of this paper is to investigate the perceptions of teachers at Qassim University, KSA （Kingdom of Saudi Arabia） towards the inclusion of Blackboard Collaborate into the teaching-learning environment, and its efficacy as a learning tool in the university＇s EFL （English as a Foreign Language） situation.展开更多
A bipolar single-valued neutrosophic set can deal with the hesitation relevant to the information of any decision making problem in real life scenarios,where bipolar fuzzy sets may fail to handle those hesitation prob...A bipolar single-valued neutrosophic set can deal with the hesitation relevant to the information of any decision making problem in real life scenarios,where bipolar fuzzy sets may fail to handle those hesitation problems.In this study,we first develop a new method for solving linear programming problems based on bipolar singlevalued neutrosophic sets.Further,we apply the score function to transform bipolar single-valued neutrosophic problems into crisp linear programming problems.Moreover,we apply the proposed technique to solve fully bipolar single-valued neutrosophic linear programming problems with non-negative triangular bipolar single-valued neutrosophic numbers(TBSvNNs)and non-negative trapezoidal bipolar single-valued neutrosophic numbers(TrBSvNNs).展开更多
文摘As teachers of EFL （English as a Foreign Language） in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, we are sometimes flabbergasted by the errors that the/earners make in their English scripts. Apparently, there was no pattern to these errors. However, when the researcher observed the frequency of similar error over a few years of her experience as an EFL faculty for Saudi learners, the theory of Lexical Relations appeared to offer an answer. Therein also lies the genesis of the current study. In a positive development, the study did bring to light certain factors that directly played a role in the Saudi EFL learners＇ English errors. These have been presented in this paper with the hope that with the diagnosis in hand, it will be easier for the EFL teachers to find a solution to the dearth of English proficiency among the Saudi EFL learners.
文摘Learning has come a long way from the conventional blackboard that marked the earlier decades to the new age Blackboard Collaborate which enables learners to work and learn in a collaborative online environment. Virtual classrooms, especially with learners sharing in academic workload on portals such as Google Docs, have arrived as a natural development of the ICT （In Circuit Tester） wave. In addition to offering ample scope for peer interaction, Blackboard Collaborate gives learners the electronic environment they are most familiar with and keeps them updated with the latest educational tools. However, for it to succeed, the perception of the teachers is a factor that needs close scrutiny before this tool can be incorporated into the system. The aim of this paper is to investigate the perceptions of teachers at Qassim University, KSA （Kingdom of Saudi Arabia） towards the inclusion of Blackboard Collaborate into the teaching-learning environment, and its efficacy as a learning tool in the university＇s EFL （English as a Foreign Language） situation.
文摘A bipolar single-valued neutrosophic set can deal with the hesitation relevant to the information of any decision making problem in real life scenarios,where bipolar fuzzy sets may fail to handle those hesitation problems.In this study,we first develop a new method for solving linear programming problems based on bipolar singlevalued neutrosophic sets.Further,we apply the score function to transform bipolar single-valued neutrosophic problems into crisp linear programming problems.Moreover,we apply the proposed technique to solve fully bipolar single-valued neutrosophic linear programming problems with non-negative triangular bipolar single-valued neutrosophic numbers(TBSvNNs)and non-negative trapezoidal bipolar single-valued neutrosophic numbers(TrBSvNNs).
