In recent years,physical unclonable function(PUF)has emerged as a lightweight solution in the Internet of Things security.However,conventional PUFs based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)present challen...In recent years,physical unclonable function(PUF)has emerged as a lightweight solution in the Internet of Things security.However,conventional PUFs based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)present challenges such as insufficient randomness,significant power and area overhead,and vulnerability to environmental factors,leading to reduced reliability.In this study,we realize a strong,highly reliable and reconfigurable PUF with resistance against machine-learning attacks in a 1 kb spinorbit torque magnetic random access memory fabricated using a 180 nm CMOS process.This strong PUF achieves a challenge-response pair capacity of 10^(9) through a computing-in-memory approach.The results demonstrate that the proposed PUF exhibits near-ideal performance metrics:50.07% uniformity,50% diffuseness,49.89% uniqueness,and a bit error rate of 0%,even in a 375 K environment.The reconfigurability of PUF is demonstrated by a reconfigurable Hamming distance of 49.31% and a correlation coefficient of less than 0.2,making it difficult to extract output keys through side-channel analysis.Furthermore,resistance to machine-learning modeling attacks is confirmed by achieving an ideal accuracy prediction of approximately 50% in the test set.展开更多
We have successfully demonstrated a 1 Kb spin-orbit torque(SOT)magnetic random-access memory(MRAM)multiplexer(MUX)array with remarkable performance.The 1 Kb MUX array exhibits an in-die function yield of over 99.6%.Ad...We have successfully demonstrated a 1 Kb spin-orbit torque(SOT)magnetic random-access memory(MRAM)multiplexer(MUX)array with remarkable performance.The 1 Kb MUX array exhibits an in-die function yield of over 99.6%.Additionally,it provides a sufficient readout window,with a TMR/RP_sigma%value of 21.4.Moreover,the SOT magnetic tunnel junctions(MTJs)in the array show write error rates as low as 10^(-6)without any ballooning effects or back-hopping behaviors,ensuring the write stability and reliability.This array achieves write operations in 20 ns and 1.2 V for an industrial-level temperature range from-40 to 125℃.Overall,the demonstrated array shows competitive specifications compared to the state-of-the-art works.Our work paves the way for the industrial-scale production of SOT-MRAM,moving this technology beyond R&D and towards widespread adoption.展开更多
Most current strategies for bone regeneration have relatively satisfactory results.However,there are drawbacks and limitations associated with their use and availability,and even controversial reports about their effi...Most current strategies for bone regeneration have relatively satisfactory results.However,there are drawbacks and limitations associated with their use and availability,and even controversial reports about their efficacy and cost-effectiveness.The induction of new bone formation through distraction osteogenesis(DO)is widespread clinical application in the treatment of bone defects,limb deformities,and fracture nonunions.However,a lengthy period of external fixation is usually needed to allow the new bone to consolidate,and complications such as refracture at the distraction gap often occur.Although various biomaterials have been used as injectable delivery systems in DO models,little has been reported on the use of nanobiomaterials as carrier materials for the sustained release of growth factors in bone regeneration.One area of focus in nanotechnology is the delivery of osteogenic factors in an attempt to modulate the formation of bone.This review article seeks to demonstrate the potential of nanobiomaterials to improve biological applications pertinent to osteodistraction.展开更多
Aim:While skin-sparing mastectomy(SSM)can be performed in patients with stage II-III breast cancer,the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)on SSM rates and reconstructive modalities in these patients is not known.M...Aim:While skin-sparing mastectomy(SSM)can be performed in patients with stage II-III breast cancer,the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)on SSM rates and reconstructive modalities in these patients is not known.Methods:Between January 2007 and December 2009,409 immediate breast reconstructions(IBRs)were performed in patients with Stage II-III breast cancer.Data were collected on preoperative,operative,and postoperative factors.Results:There was a statistically significant relationship between clinical stage of disease and the utilization of SSM or non-SSM(P<0.0001).Seventy-five percent of all patients with stage II disease and 50%of patients with stage III disease underwent SSM;similarly,75.5%of patients with stage II and 49.1%of patients with stage III disease who received NAC underwent SSM with immediate reconstruction,in spite of having a greater proportion of stage III patients(P<0.01).In addition,patients who received NAC followed by SSM with IBR had larger tumors(mean,3.5 cm vs.3.1 cm,P<0.001).The type of IBR,and size of skin defect was significantly affected by whether the patient underwent SSM or non-SSM(P=0.001,P<0.01,respectively).Conclusion:We are increasingly considering NAC to be an important tool to potentially reduce the morbidity of mastectomy,including the need to resect breast skin,which can subsequently enhance reconstructive outcomes in patients with clinical stage II and III breast cancer.Specifically,our data suggest that NAC patients with stage II and III breast cancer and larger tumors can reliably and safely undergo SSM in nearly half of cases,thus improving reconstructive outcomes and patient well-being.展开更多
Although nanotechnology is a relatively young field,there are countless biomedical applications in use or under investigation.Many specialties have benefitted from nanoscale refinements of diagnostic and therapeutic t...Although nanotechnology is a relatively young field,there are countless biomedical applications in use or under investigation.Many specialties have benefitted from nanoscale refinements of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.Plastic and reconstructive surgery is an incredibly diverse specialty,encompassing craniofacial and hand surgery;trauma,oncologic and congenital reconstruction;burn care,and aesthetic surgery.Advances in nanotechnology have significantly impacted wound management,topical skin care,implant and prosthetic design,tissue engineering,and drug delivery systems.Currently,plastic surgeons are researching the utility of nanoscale tools for bone regeneration,bone prosthetics,and drug delivery.Nanotechnology will continue to build upon preceding discoveries,and its biomedical applications in the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery will expand significantly.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92164206,52261145694,T2394474,T2394470,623B2015,62271026,62401026,and 62404013)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4400200)+1 种基金the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE,the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20220374 and BX20240455)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2023M740177 and 2022M720345).
文摘In recent years,physical unclonable function(PUF)has emerged as a lightweight solution in the Internet of Things security.However,conventional PUFs based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)present challenges such as insufficient randomness,significant power and area overhead,and vulnerability to environmental factors,leading to reduced reliability.In this study,we realize a strong,highly reliable and reconfigurable PUF with resistance against machine-learning attacks in a 1 kb spinorbit torque magnetic random access memory fabricated using a 180 nm CMOS process.This strong PUF achieves a challenge-response pair capacity of 10^(9) through a computing-in-memory approach.The results demonstrate that the proposed PUF exhibits near-ideal performance metrics:50.07% uniformity,50% diffuseness,49.89% uniqueness,and a bit error rate of 0%,even in a 375 K environment.The reconfigurability of PUF is demonstrated by a reconfigurable Hamming distance of 49.31% and a correlation coefficient of less than 0.2,making it difficult to extract output keys through side-channel analysis.Furthermore,resistance to machine-learning modeling attacks is confirmed by achieving an ideal accuracy prediction of approximately 50% in the test set.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos.2021YFB3601303,2021YFB3601304,2021YFB3601300,2022YFB4400200,2022YFB4400201,2022YFB4400203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.62171013)。
文摘We have successfully demonstrated a 1 Kb spin-orbit torque(SOT)magnetic random-access memory(MRAM)multiplexer(MUX)array with remarkable performance.The 1 Kb MUX array exhibits an in-die function yield of over 99.6%.Additionally,it provides a sufficient readout window,with a TMR/RP_sigma%value of 21.4.Moreover,the SOT magnetic tunnel junctions(MTJs)in the array show write error rates as low as 10^(-6)without any ballooning effects or back-hopping behaviors,ensuring the write stability and reliability.This array achieves write operations in 20 ns and 1.2 V for an industrial-level temperature range from-40 to 125℃.Overall,the demonstrated array shows competitive specifications compared to the state-of-the-art works.Our work paves the way for the industrial-scale production of SOT-MRAM,moving this technology beyond R&D and towards widespread adoption.
文摘Most current strategies for bone regeneration have relatively satisfactory results.However,there are drawbacks and limitations associated with their use and availability,and even controversial reports about their efficacy and cost-effectiveness.The induction of new bone formation through distraction osteogenesis(DO)is widespread clinical application in the treatment of bone defects,limb deformities,and fracture nonunions.However,a lengthy period of external fixation is usually needed to allow the new bone to consolidate,and complications such as refracture at the distraction gap often occur.Although various biomaterials have been used as injectable delivery systems in DO models,little has been reported on the use of nanobiomaterials as carrier materials for the sustained release of growth factors in bone regeneration.One area of focus in nanotechnology is the delivery of osteogenic factors in an attempt to modulate the formation of bone.This review article seeks to demonstrate the potential of nanobiomaterials to improve biological applications pertinent to osteodistraction.
文摘Aim:While skin-sparing mastectomy(SSM)can be performed in patients with stage II-III breast cancer,the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)on SSM rates and reconstructive modalities in these patients is not known.Methods:Between January 2007 and December 2009,409 immediate breast reconstructions(IBRs)were performed in patients with Stage II-III breast cancer.Data were collected on preoperative,operative,and postoperative factors.Results:There was a statistically significant relationship between clinical stage of disease and the utilization of SSM or non-SSM(P<0.0001).Seventy-five percent of all patients with stage II disease and 50%of patients with stage III disease underwent SSM;similarly,75.5%of patients with stage II and 49.1%of patients with stage III disease who received NAC underwent SSM with immediate reconstruction,in spite of having a greater proportion of stage III patients(P<0.01).In addition,patients who received NAC followed by SSM with IBR had larger tumors(mean,3.5 cm vs.3.1 cm,P<0.001).The type of IBR,and size of skin defect was significantly affected by whether the patient underwent SSM or non-SSM(P=0.001,P<0.01,respectively).Conclusion:We are increasingly considering NAC to be an important tool to potentially reduce the morbidity of mastectomy,including the need to resect breast skin,which can subsequently enhance reconstructive outcomes in patients with clinical stage II and III breast cancer.Specifically,our data suggest that NAC patients with stage II and III breast cancer and larger tumors can reliably and safely undergo SSM in nearly half of cases,thus improving reconstructive outcomes and patient well-being.
文摘Although nanotechnology is a relatively young field,there are countless biomedical applications in use or under investigation.Many specialties have benefitted from nanoscale refinements of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.Plastic and reconstructive surgery is an incredibly diverse specialty,encompassing craniofacial and hand surgery;trauma,oncologic and congenital reconstruction;burn care,and aesthetic surgery.Advances in nanotechnology have significantly impacted wound management,topical skin care,implant and prosthetic design,tissue engineering,and drug delivery systems.Currently,plastic surgeons are researching the utility of nanoscale tools for bone regeneration,bone prosthetics,and drug delivery.Nanotechnology will continue to build upon preceding discoveries,and its biomedical applications in the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery will expand significantly.
