Numerous studies on the formation and consolidation of memory have shown that memory processes are characterized by phase-dependent and dynamic regulation.Memory retrieval,as the only representation of memory content ...Numerous studies on the formation and consolidation of memory have shown that memory processes are characterized by phase-dependent and dynamic regulation.Memory retrieval,as the only representation of memory content and an active form of memory processing that induces memory reconsolidation,has attracted increasing attention in recent years.Although the molecular mechanisms specifc to memory retrievalinduced reconsolidation have been gradually revealed,an understanding of the time-dependent regulatory mechanisms of this process is still lacking.In this study,we applied a transcriptome analysis of memory retrieval at diferent time points in the recent memory stage.Diferential expression analysis and Short Time-series Expression Miner(STEM)depicting temporal gene expression patterns indicated that most diferential gene expression occurred at 48 h,and the STEM cluster showing the greatest transcriptional upregulation at 48 h demonstrated the most significant diference.We then screened the diferentially-expressed genes associated with that met the expression patterns of those cluster-identifed genes that have been reported to be involved in learning and memory processes in addition to dipeptidyl peptidase 9(DPP9).Further quantitative polymerase chain reaction verifcation and pharmacological intervention suggested that DPP9 is involved in 48-h fear memory retrieval and viral vector-mediated overexpression of DPP9 countered the 48-h retrieval-induced attenuation of fear memory.Taken together,our fndings suggest that temporal gene expression patterns are induced by recent memory retrieval and provide hitherto undocumented evidence of the role of DPP9 in the retrieval-induced reconsolidation of fear memory.展开更多
The dorsal and ventral visual streams have been considered to play distinct roles in visual processing for action:the dorsal stream is assumed to support real-time actions,while the ventral stream facilitates memory-g...The dorsal and ventral visual streams have been considered to play distinct roles in visual processing for action:the dorsal stream is assumed to support real-time actions,while the ventral stream facilitates memory-guided actions.However,recent evidence suggests a more integrated function of these streams.We investigated the neural dynamics and functional connectivity between them during memory-guided actions using intracranial EEG.We tracked neural activity in the inferior parietal lobule in the dorsal stream,and the ventral temporal cortex in the ventral stream as well as the hippocampus during a delayed action task involving object identity and location memory.We found increased alpha power in both streams during the delay,indicating their role in maintaining spatial visual information.In addition,we recorded increased alpha power in the hippocampus during the delay,but only when both object identity and location needed to be remembered.We also recorded an increase in theta band phase synchronization between the inferior parietal lobule and ventral temporal cortex and between the inferior parietal lobule and hippocampus during the encoding and delay.Granger causality analysis indicated dynamic and frequency-specific directional interactions among the inferior parietal lobule,ventral temporal cortex,and hippocampus that varied across task phases.Our study provides unique electrophysiological evidence for close interactions between dorsal and ventral streams,supporting an integrated processing model in which both streams contribute to memory-guided actions.展开更多
Correction to:Neuroscience Bulletin https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-025-01371-x In this article the affiliation"Department of Circuit Theory,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Czech Technical University in Prague,M...Correction to:Neuroscience Bulletin https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-025-01371-x In this article the affiliation"Department of Circuit Theory,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Czech Technical University in Prague,Member of the Epilepsy Research Centre Prague-EpiReC Consortium,Prague,Czechia"should only be assigned to Radek Janca and Petr Jezdik.It is removed from the authors:Jiri Hammer,Michaela Kajsova,Adam Kalina,Petr Marusic,and Kamil Vlcek.展开更多
Objective: To study the memory biomechanical character of anatomic distal radius Nitinol memory connector (DRMC) in treating distal radius fracture. Methods: Establishing three dimensional model and finite element ana...Objective: To study the memory biomechanical character of anatomic distal radius Nitinol memory connector (DRMC) in treating distal radius fracture. Methods: Establishing three dimensional model and finite element analysis, we calculated the stress in and around the fracture faces when distal radius fracture was fixated with DRMC. Results: Axial holding stress produced by holding part of DRMC on distal radius was 14.66 MPa. The maximum stress of holding part was 40-70 MPa, the minimum stress was 3-7 MPa,and the stress of compression part was 20-40 MPa. Conclusion: The distribution of stress produced by DRMC around the fracture line is reasonable, and axial holding stress can help stabilize fracture during earlier period. The existence of longitudal compression and memory effect can transfer fixated disused section into developed section and enhance fracture healing.展开更多
Managing memory deficits is a central problem among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study examined the effects of memory training on memory performance in an understudied “oldest-old” populat...Managing memory deficits is a central problem among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study examined the effects of memory training on memory performance in an understudied “oldest-old” population ranging in age from 90 to 99 years. Eighteen mild to moderately cognitive-impaired older seniors, 90 years and older were recruited from memory clinics established in senior living communities. Treatment sessions took place, on average, twice weekly, for 55 minutes. Memory intervention included nineteen computer-based exercises customized to focus on memory loss. The specificity of memory training was very clear;memory training produced significant effects (F(3,51) = 2.81, p = 0.05) on memory performance, especially after 6 months of training, while other outcome measures showed no effects as predicted. Based on the results, it can be concluded that interventions targeting cognition and memory in the oldest-old MCI population can significantly improve memory function and reduce cognitive deficits.展开更多
In shared-memory bus-based multiprocessors, when the number of processors grows, the processors spend an increasing amount of time waiting for access to the bus (and shared memory). This contention reduces the perform...In shared-memory bus-based multiprocessors, when the number of processors grows, the processors spend an increasing amount of time waiting for access to the bus (and shared memory). This contention reduces the performance of processors and imposes a limitation of the number of processors that can be used efficiently in bus-based systems. Since the multi-processor’s performance depends upon many parameters which affect the performance in different ways, timed Petri nets are used to model shared-memory bus-based multiprocessors at the instruction execution level, and the developed models are used to study how the performance of processors changes with the number of processors in the system. The results illustrate very well the restriction on the number of processors imposed by the shared bus. All performance characteristics presented in this paper are obtained by discrete-event simulation of Petri net models.展开更多
The effects of a memory training paradigm on performance across multiple cognitive domains, measured via the Cognistat, in 70 - 89 year-old individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), were examined. Memory train...The effects of a memory training paradigm on performance across multiple cognitive domains, measured via the Cognistat, in 70 - 89 year-old individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), were examined. Memory training sessions were conducted on average twice weekly, for 55 minutes each session, for 9 months. Across the testing period, Cognistat-measured memory increased relative to performance in other cognitive domains. Additionally, performance on non-memory measures remained stable or declined. Thus, memory training in older adult, MCI individuals may result in improved memory, but not in improvement in other, non-memory, cognitive domains. Results replicate previous work examining “oldest-old” individuals ranging in age from 90 to 99 years old at the time of study start.展开更多
Subjective memory impairment is a major complaint among older adults;however, research is conflicting regarding the relationship between subjective memory impairment and objectively measured memory loss. Here, individ...Subjective memory impairment is a major complaint among older adults;however, research is conflicting regarding the relationship between subjective memory impairment and objectively measured memory loss. Here, individuals with mild memory impairment completed the memory subscale of the Cognistat as a measure of objective memory, and the Memory Complaint Questionnaire (MCQ) as a measure of subjective memory, prior to and following a 3-month memory training program. Results revealed that individuals with more, compared with fewer, memory complaints performed worse on the Cognistat. Additionally, increased Cognistat performance fol-lowing the memory training procedure was associated with decreased MCQ measured complaints. There was suggestive evidence that the memory training procedure improved memory, and thus future research is warranted. These findings imply that older, memory-impaired, adults, despite their memory impairment, are indeed able to judge, and may be accurately concerned with, the extent of their own memory loss. It should be noted that serious statistical limitations here indicate the need for replication to confirm the validity of the findings.展开更多
A novel slow-down set waveform is proposed to improve the set performance and a 1 kb phase change random access memory chip fabricated with a 13nm CMOS technology is implemented to investigate the set performance by d...A novel slow-down set waveform is proposed to improve the set performance and a 1 kb phase change random access memory chip fabricated with a 13nm CMOS technology is implemented to investigate the set performance by different set programming strategies based on this new set pulse. The amplitude difference （I1 - I2） of the set pulse is proved to be a crucial parameter for set programming. We observe and analyze the cell characteristics with different I1 - I2 by means of thermal simulations and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which reveal that an incomplete set programming will occur when the proposed slow-down pulse is set with an improperly high I1 - I2. This will lead to an amorphous residue in the active region. We also discuss the programming method to avoid the set performance degradations.展开更多
Learning and memory are fundamental brain functions affected by dietary and environmental factors. Magnesium is essential for maintaining normal body and brain functions. Here,
The emotion of hatred is a quite sensitive topic in the history education of the Nanjing Massacre.With what emotions should we study and remember this part of Chinese history? How can we achieve the vision of world pe...The emotion of hatred is a quite sensitive topic in the history education of the Nanjing Massacre.With what emotions should we study and remember this part of Chinese history? How can we achieve the vision of world peace by virtue of the history education of the Nanjing Massacre? All these questions are unavoidable in the practice of history education of the Nanjing Massacre.The emotion of hatred is based on biological instincts developed during our social evolution and it plays a significant part in constructing the historical memory of the Nanjing Massacre,which should never be underestimated.Therefore,rationally understanding the emotion of hatred in the history education of the Nanjing Massacre,and offering correct guidance,is of great significance for remembering and developing a correct view of our history,forming a proper world view,and achieving the fundamental goal of cherishing and maintaining peace.展开更多
Memory bias can be said to be a basic indicator to judge the cognitive ability of an individual's memory system. To some extent, it can reflect the individual's sensitivity to a stimulus in the process of memo...Memory bias can be said to be a basic indicator to judge the cognitive ability of an individual's memory system. To some extent, it can reflect the individual's sensitivity to a stimulus in the process of memory, recall and confirmation. Individual memories of different information often have different effects. They often selectively memorize all information, which is mainly reflected in the individual's bias towards such information. Memory bias can also show the individual's differences in certain personality characteristics, and an individual's memories of certain types of stimuli are either better or worse for reconfirmation. Through the research on the correlation between psychological quality and emotional perception, we found that college students with poor psychological quality have a faster rate of negative emotional judgment and a stronger ability of processing frontal negative emotional perception. This article mainly focuses on the analysis and research on whether the higher stages of cognitive processing also reflect the processing tendency that is unified with the perceptual stage.展开更多
Purpose: Memory has been identified as an important protective feature to prevent future injury, but its role has yet to be ascertained. The current study aimed to determine whether there was a difference in pressure ...Purpose: Memory has been identified as an important protective feature to prevent future injury, but its role has yet to be ascertained. The current study aimed to determine whether there was a difference in pressure pain threshold (PPT) responses between participants with a prior history of injury of lower extremity injury (PSI) and those without (NPSI) when exposed to 1) experimental mechanical pain, 2) short-term memory recall of a painful stimulus, or 3) long-term memory of the pain associated with a prior injury. Subjects and Methods: The study used a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. A convenience sample of 59 pain-free participants was recruited from an urban university. Twenty-nine PSI and 30 NPSI were stratified into two groups based on their injury history with PPT values measured at baseline and immediately following each of the three experimental conditions. A repeated measure ANCOVA analysis was conducted for each condition to determine whether there was a difference in PPT responses between the two groups. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in PPT values between the two groups when exposed to experimental pain, F(1,57) = 6.010, p = 0.017, partial η<sup>2</sup> = 0.095 and with long-term pain memory, F(1,57) = 4.886, p = 0.031, partial η<sup>2</sup> = 0.079. There was no statistically significant difference between groups with short-term pain memory, F(1,57) = 3.925, p = 0.052, partial η<sup>2</sup> = 0.064. Conclusions: These findings suggest that pain processing may be altered by pain memory, highlighting the role of experience and memory in the rehabilitation process.展开更多
Since ancient times, many people in the world have extraordinary memories. Whether they are political leaders, military strategists, scientific or literary masters, they all benefit from this extraordinary memory, whi...Since ancient times, many people in the world have extraordinary memories. Whether they are political leaders, military strategists, scientific or literary masters, they all benefit from this extraordinary memory, which has enabled them to achieve higher achievements in their work and career. The primary school students' education is the initial stage of the students' period, and it is also an important period for students to develop various learning habits. As the main component of basic education, the primary school students' main task is to master the basic knowledge of various disciplines and use them to achieve the ultimate learning goal-to solve practical problems in life. Teachers train them to learn and use this basic knowledge, and use the acquired basic knowledge to understand, analyze and solve problems. From this perspective, the memory ability of primary school students is particularly important. The memory ability of primary school students determines the speed of solving problems to a large extent, which also reflects the importance of strong memory. From this point of view, strong memory is one of the necessary and important prerequisites for primary school students' academic achievements. Therefore, memory is so important. As primary school teachers, students' memory needs to be cultivated and improved consciously. It is necessary to take primary school students' memory training as part of the actual classroom work in primary schools. This paper summarizes and tries the following methods to develop and improve students' memory, so as to provide reference for future work.展开更多
The essence of episodic memory is the memory of a certain event within a certain time period and a certain region. The content of memory involves various details and background information of the event. Among them, th...The essence of episodic memory is the memory of a certain event within a certain time period and a certain region. The content of memory involves various details and background information of the event. Among them, the memory of event content is called item memory in practice, and the memory of background information is called source memory. Due to the limitation of actual conditions, the content of episodic memory is often characterized by instability and ambiguity. Children are in a stage of rapid growth, and their episodic memory ability will gradually improve with the increase of age. At present, the development characteristics and rules of children's episodic memory have attracted more and more attention from professionals.展开更多
Traditional 3D Magnetotelluric(MT) forward modeling and inversions are mostly based on structured meshes that have limited accuracy when modeling undulating surfaces and arbitrary structures. By contrast, unstructured...Traditional 3D Magnetotelluric(MT) forward modeling and inversions are mostly based on structured meshes that have limited accuracy when modeling undulating surfaces and arbitrary structures. By contrast, unstructured-grid-based methods can model complex underground structures with high accuracy and overcome the defects of traditional methods, such as the high computational cost for improving model accuracy and the difficulty of inverting with topography. In this paper, we used the limited-memory quasi-Newton(L-BFGS) method with an unstructured finite-element grid to perform 3D MT inversions. This method avoids explicitly calculating Hessian matrices, which greatly reduces the memory requirements. After the first iteration, the approximate inverse Hessian matrix well approximates the true one, and the Newton step(set to 1) can meet the sufficient descent condition. Only one calculation of the objective function and its gradient are needed for each iteration, which greatly improves its computational efficiency. This approach is well-suited for large-scale 3D MT inversions. We have tested our algorithm on data with and without topography, and the results matched the real models well. We can recommend performing inversions based on an unstructured finite-element method and the L-BFGS method for situations with topography and complex underground structures.展开更多
In this letter,the Ti-doped NbO_(x)-based selector is applied to SiNOx-based resistive random-access memory(RRAM),forming Pt/NbOx(Ti-doped)/SiNO_(x)/Ti one selector-one RRAM device(1S1R),to suppress the sneak path cur...In this letter,the Ti-doped NbO_(x)-based selector is applied to SiNOx-based resistive random-access memory(RRAM),forming Pt/NbOx(Ti-doped)/SiNO_(x)/Ti one selector-one RRAM device(1S1R),to suppress the sneak path current.The fabricated 1S1R exhibits stable direct current(DC)endurance(>200 cycles),suitable memory window(>40),matched selectivity(>40)and high uniformity of switching parameters.展开更多
Background:Age-related changes in brain structure may constitute the starting point for cerebral function alteration.Physical activity(PA)demonstrated favorable associations with total brain volume,but its relationshi...Background:Age-related changes in brain structure may constitute the starting point for cerebral function alteration.Physical activity(PA)demonstrated favorable associations with total brain volume,but its relationship with cortical thickness(CT)remains unclear.We investigated the cross-sectional associations between PA level and CT in community-dwelling people aged 70 years and older.Methods:A total of 403 older adults aged 74.8±4.0 years(mean±SD)who underwent a baseline magnetic resonance imaging examination and who had data on PA and confounders were included.PA was assessed with a questionnaire.Participants were categorized according to PA levels.Multiple linear regressions were used to compare the brain CT(mm)of the inactive group(no PA at all)with 6 active groups(growing PA levels)in 34 regions of interest.Results:Compared with inactive persons,people who achieved PA at a level of 1500-1999 metabolic equivalent task-min/week(i.e.,about6-7 h of brisk walking for exercise) and those who achieved it at 2000-2999 metabolic equivalent task-min/week(i.e.,8-11 h of brisk walking for exercise)had higher CT in the fusiform gyrus and the temporal pole.Additionally,dose-response associations between PA and CT were found in the fusiform gyrus(B=0.011,SE=0.004,adj.p=0.035),the temporal pole(B=0.026,SE=0.009,adj.p=0.048),and the caudal middle frontal gyrus,the entorhinal,medial orbitofrontal,lateral occipital,and insular cortices.Conclusion:This study demonstrates a positive association between PA level and CT in temporal areas such as the fusiform gyrus,a brain region often associated to Alzheimer’s disease in people aged 70 years and older.Future investigations focusing on PA type may help to fulfil remaining knowledge gaps in this field.展开更多
The detrimental effect of imprint,which can cause misreading problem,has hindered the application of ferroelectric HfO_(2).In this work,we present results of a comprehensive reliability evaluation of Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O...The detrimental effect of imprint,which can cause misreading problem,has hindered the application of ferroelectric HfO_(2).In this work,we present results of a comprehensive reliability evaluation of Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)-based ferroelectric random access memory.The influence of imprint on the retention and endurance is demonstrated.Furthermore,a solution in circuity is pro-posed to effectively solve the misreading problem caused by imprint.展开更多
This pilot study examined the psychometric properties and clinical utility of a brief neuropsychological instrument (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The test-retest reliabil...This pilot study examined the psychometric properties and clinical utility of a brief neuropsychological instrument (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The test-retest reliability, practice effects and convergent validity of RBANS were examined in participants without objective cognitive impairment. The tests were administered at two time points at approximately a two weeks’ interval, with 30 cognitively intact participants with a mean age of 63.3 ± 5.8 years. Adequate test-retest reliabilities were found for RBANS subtests, index and total scale scores with significant gain scores in immediate memory and visuospatial function. The RBANS showed good convergent validity and the RBANS supplemented with executive and language measures (Colour Trails Test and 30-item modified Boston Naming Test, respectively) demonstrated excellent convergent validity with a formal neuropsychological battery. This pilot study has provided the preliminary evidence of reliability and convergent validity of the RBANS. Additionally, it also provides insight on the practice effects so that clinicians may assess significant changes in RBANS subtests and domain indexes for clinical practice.展开更多
基金supported by the STI2030-Major Projects(2022ZD0204900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071029 and 32271080)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB32020200)the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(202402AA310014).
文摘Numerous studies on the formation and consolidation of memory have shown that memory processes are characterized by phase-dependent and dynamic regulation.Memory retrieval,as the only representation of memory content and an active form of memory processing that induces memory reconsolidation,has attracted increasing attention in recent years.Although the molecular mechanisms specifc to memory retrievalinduced reconsolidation have been gradually revealed,an understanding of the time-dependent regulatory mechanisms of this process is still lacking.In this study,we applied a transcriptome analysis of memory retrieval at diferent time points in the recent memory stage.Diferential expression analysis and Short Time-series Expression Miner(STEM)depicting temporal gene expression patterns indicated that most diferential gene expression occurred at 48 h,and the STEM cluster showing the greatest transcriptional upregulation at 48 h demonstrated the most significant diference.We then screened the diferentially-expressed genes associated with that met the expression patterns of those cluster-identifed genes that have been reported to be involved in learning and memory processes in addition to dipeptidyl peptidase 9(DPP9).Further quantitative polymerase chain reaction verifcation and pharmacological intervention suggested that DPP9 is involved in 48-h fear memory retrieval and viral vector-mediated overexpression of DPP9 countered the 48-h retrieval-induced attenuation of fear memory.Taken together,our fndings suggest that temporal gene expression patterns are induced by recent memory retrieval and provide hitherto undocumented evidence of the role of DPP9 in the retrieval-induced reconsolidation of fear memory.
基金supported by European Union–Next Generation EU(LX22NPO5107(MEYS))the Czech Science Foundation(20-21339S)+2 种基金the Grant Agency of Charles University(GAUK 248122 and 272221)ERDF-Project Brain Dynamics(CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004643)the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic Project NU21J-08-00081.
文摘The dorsal and ventral visual streams have been considered to play distinct roles in visual processing for action:the dorsal stream is assumed to support real-time actions,while the ventral stream facilitates memory-guided actions.However,recent evidence suggests a more integrated function of these streams.We investigated the neural dynamics and functional connectivity between them during memory-guided actions using intracranial EEG.We tracked neural activity in the inferior parietal lobule in the dorsal stream,and the ventral temporal cortex in the ventral stream as well as the hippocampus during a delayed action task involving object identity and location memory.We found increased alpha power in both streams during the delay,indicating their role in maintaining spatial visual information.In addition,we recorded increased alpha power in the hippocampus during the delay,but only when both object identity and location needed to be remembered.We also recorded an increase in theta band phase synchronization between the inferior parietal lobule and ventral temporal cortex and between the inferior parietal lobule and hippocampus during the encoding and delay.Granger causality analysis indicated dynamic and frequency-specific directional interactions among the inferior parietal lobule,ventral temporal cortex,and hippocampus that varied across task phases.Our study provides unique electrophysiological evidence for close interactions between dorsal and ventral streams,supporting an integrated processing model in which both streams contribute to memory-guided actions.
文摘Correction to:Neuroscience Bulletin https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-025-01371-x In this article the affiliation"Department of Circuit Theory,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Czech Technical University in Prague,Member of the Epilepsy Research Centre Prague-EpiReC Consortium,Prague,Czechia"should only be assigned to Radek Janca and Petr Jezdik.It is removed from the authors:Jiri Hammer,Michaela Kajsova,Adam Kalina,Petr Marusic,and Kamil Vlcek.
文摘Objective: To study the memory biomechanical character of anatomic distal radius Nitinol memory connector (DRMC) in treating distal radius fracture. Methods: Establishing three dimensional model and finite element analysis, we calculated the stress in and around the fracture faces when distal radius fracture was fixated with DRMC. Results: Axial holding stress produced by holding part of DRMC on distal radius was 14.66 MPa. The maximum stress of holding part was 40-70 MPa, the minimum stress was 3-7 MPa,and the stress of compression part was 20-40 MPa. Conclusion: The distribution of stress produced by DRMC around the fracture line is reasonable, and axial holding stress can help stabilize fracture during earlier period. The existence of longitudal compression and memory effect can transfer fixated disused section into developed section and enhance fracture healing.
文摘Managing memory deficits is a central problem among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study examined the effects of memory training on memory performance in an understudied “oldest-old” population ranging in age from 90 to 99 years. Eighteen mild to moderately cognitive-impaired older seniors, 90 years and older were recruited from memory clinics established in senior living communities. Treatment sessions took place, on average, twice weekly, for 55 minutes. Memory intervention included nineteen computer-based exercises customized to focus on memory loss. The specificity of memory training was very clear;memory training produced significant effects (F(3,51) = 2.81, p = 0.05) on memory performance, especially after 6 months of training, while other outcome measures showed no effects as predicted. Based on the results, it can be concluded that interventions targeting cognition and memory in the oldest-old MCI population can significantly improve memory function and reduce cognitive deficits.
文摘In shared-memory bus-based multiprocessors, when the number of processors grows, the processors spend an increasing amount of time waiting for access to the bus (and shared memory). This contention reduces the performance of processors and imposes a limitation of the number of processors that can be used efficiently in bus-based systems. Since the multi-processor’s performance depends upon many parameters which affect the performance in different ways, timed Petri nets are used to model shared-memory bus-based multiprocessors at the instruction execution level, and the developed models are used to study how the performance of processors changes with the number of processors in the system. The results illustrate very well the restriction on the number of processors imposed by the shared bus. All performance characteristics presented in this paper are obtained by discrete-event simulation of Petri net models.
文摘The effects of a memory training paradigm on performance across multiple cognitive domains, measured via the Cognistat, in 70 - 89 year-old individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), were examined. Memory training sessions were conducted on average twice weekly, for 55 minutes each session, for 9 months. Across the testing period, Cognistat-measured memory increased relative to performance in other cognitive domains. Additionally, performance on non-memory measures remained stable or declined. Thus, memory training in older adult, MCI individuals may result in improved memory, but not in improvement in other, non-memory, cognitive domains. Results replicate previous work examining “oldest-old” individuals ranging in age from 90 to 99 years old at the time of study start.
文摘Subjective memory impairment is a major complaint among older adults;however, research is conflicting regarding the relationship between subjective memory impairment and objectively measured memory loss. Here, individuals with mild memory impairment completed the memory subscale of the Cognistat as a measure of objective memory, and the Memory Complaint Questionnaire (MCQ) as a measure of subjective memory, prior to and following a 3-month memory training program. Results revealed that individuals with more, compared with fewer, memory complaints performed worse on the Cognistat. Additionally, increased Cognistat performance fol-lowing the memory training procedure was associated with decreased MCQ measured complaints. There was suggestive evidence that the memory training procedure improved memory, and thus future research is warranted. These findings imply that older, memory-impaired, adults, despite their memory impairment, are indeed able to judge, and may be accurately concerned with, the extent of their own memory loss. It should be noted that serious statistical limitations here indicate the need for replication to confirm the validity of the findings.
基金Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No XDA09020402the National Key Basic Research Program of China under Grant Nos 2013CBA01900,2010CB934300,2011CBA00607,and 2011CB932804+2 种基金the National Integrate Circuit Research Program of China under Grant No 2009ZX02023-003the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61176122,61106001,61261160500,and 61376006the Science and Technology Council of Shanghai under Grant Nos 12nm0503701,13DZ2295700,12QA1403900,and 13ZR1447200
文摘A novel slow-down set waveform is proposed to improve the set performance and a 1 kb phase change random access memory chip fabricated with a 13nm CMOS technology is implemented to investigate the set performance by different set programming strategies based on this new set pulse. The amplitude difference （I1 - I2） of the set pulse is proved to be a crucial parameter for set programming. We observe and analyze the cell characteristics with different I1 - I2 by means of thermal simulations and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which reveal that an incomplete set programming will occur when the proposed slow-down pulse is set with an improperly high I1 - I2. This will lead to an amorphous residue in the active region. We also discuss the programming method to avoid the set performance degradations.
文摘Learning and memory are fundamental brain functions affected by dietary and environmental factors. Magnesium is essential for maintaining normal body and brain functions. Here,
基金a phased achievement of the “Research on World Cultural Diversity and Cultural Dialogue,” a youth program(13CGJ010)under the National Social Science of China
文摘The emotion of hatred is a quite sensitive topic in the history education of the Nanjing Massacre.With what emotions should we study and remember this part of Chinese history? How can we achieve the vision of world peace by virtue of the history education of the Nanjing Massacre? All these questions are unavoidable in the practice of history education of the Nanjing Massacre.The emotion of hatred is based on biological instincts developed during our social evolution and it plays a significant part in constructing the historical memory of the Nanjing Massacre,which should never be underestimated.Therefore,rationally understanding the emotion of hatred in the history education of the Nanjing Massacre,and offering correct guidance,is of great significance for remembering and developing a correct view of our history,forming a proper world view,and achieving the fundamental goal of cherishing and maintaining peace.
文摘Memory bias can be said to be a basic indicator to judge the cognitive ability of an individual's memory system. To some extent, it can reflect the individual's sensitivity to a stimulus in the process of memory, recall and confirmation. Individual memories of different information often have different effects. They often selectively memorize all information, which is mainly reflected in the individual's bias towards such information. Memory bias can also show the individual's differences in certain personality characteristics, and an individual's memories of certain types of stimuli are either better or worse for reconfirmation. Through the research on the correlation between psychological quality and emotional perception, we found that college students with poor psychological quality have a faster rate of negative emotional judgment and a stronger ability of processing frontal negative emotional perception. This article mainly focuses on the analysis and research on whether the higher stages of cognitive processing also reflect the processing tendency that is unified with the perceptual stage.
文摘Purpose: Memory has been identified as an important protective feature to prevent future injury, but its role has yet to be ascertained. The current study aimed to determine whether there was a difference in pressure pain threshold (PPT) responses between participants with a prior history of injury of lower extremity injury (PSI) and those without (NPSI) when exposed to 1) experimental mechanical pain, 2) short-term memory recall of a painful stimulus, or 3) long-term memory of the pain associated with a prior injury. Subjects and Methods: The study used a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. A convenience sample of 59 pain-free participants was recruited from an urban university. Twenty-nine PSI and 30 NPSI were stratified into two groups based on their injury history with PPT values measured at baseline and immediately following each of the three experimental conditions. A repeated measure ANCOVA analysis was conducted for each condition to determine whether there was a difference in PPT responses between the two groups. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in PPT values between the two groups when exposed to experimental pain, F(1,57) = 6.010, p = 0.017, partial η<sup>2</sup> = 0.095 and with long-term pain memory, F(1,57) = 4.886, p = 0.031, partial η<sup>2</sup> = 0.079. There was no statistically significant difference between groups with short-term pain memory, F(1,57) = 3.925, p = 0.052, partial η<sup>2</sup> = 0.064. Conclusions: These findings suggest that pain processing may be altered by pain memory, highlighting the role of experience and memory in the rehabilitation process.
文摘Since ancient times, many people in the world have extraordinary memories. Whether they are political leaders, military strategists, scientific or literary masters, they all benefit from this extraordinary memory, which has enabled them to achieve higher achievements in their work and career. The primary school students' education is the initial stage of the students' period, and it is also an important period for students to develop various learning habits. As the main component of basic education, the primary school students' main task is to master the basic knowledge of various disciplines and use them to achieve the ultimate learning goal-to solve practical problems in life. Teachers train them to learn and use this basic knowledge, and use the acquired basic knowledge to understand, analyze and solve problems. From this perspective, the memory ability of primary school students is particularly important. The memory ability of primary school students determines the speed of solving problems to a large extent, which also reflects the importance of strong memory. From this point of view, strong memory is one of the necessary and important prerequisites for primary school students' academic achievements. Therefore, memory is so important. As primary school teachers, students' memory needs to be cultivated and improved consciously. It is necessary to take primary school students' memory training as part of the actual classroom work in primary schools. This paper summarizes and tries the following methods to develop and improve students' memory, so as to provide reference for future work.
文摘The essence of episodic memory is the memory of a certain event within a certain time period and a certain region. The content of memory involves various details and background information of the event. Among them, the memory of event content is called item memory in practice, and the memory of background information is called source memory. Due to the limitation of actual conditions, the content of episodic memory is often characterized by instability and ambiguity. Children are in a stage of rapid growth, and their episodic memory ability will gradually improve with the increase of age. At present, the development characteristics and rules of children's episodic memory have attracted more and more attention from professionals.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41774125)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41530320)+1 种基金the Key National Research Project of China(Nos.2016YFC0303100 and 2017YFC0601900)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences Pilot Special(No.XDA 14020102)
文摘Traditional 3D Magnetotelluric(MT) forward modeling and inversions are mostly based on structured meshes that have limited accuracy when modeling undulating surfaces and arbitrary structures. By contrast, unstructured-grid-based methods can model complex underground structures with high accuracy and overcome the defects of traditional methods, such as the high computational cost for improving model accuracy and the difficulty of inverting with topography. In this paper, we used the limited-memory quasi-Newton(L-BFGS) method with an unstructured finite-element grid to perform 3D MT inversions. This method avoids explicitly calculating Hessian matrices, which greatly reduces the memory requirements. After the first iteration, the approximate inverse Hessian matrix well approximates the true one, and the Newton step(set to 1) can meet the sufficient descent condition. Only one calculation of the objective function and its gradient are needed for each iteration, which greatly improves its computational efficiency. This approach is well-suited for large-scale 3D MT inversions. We have tested our algorithm on data with and without topography, and the results matched the real models well. We can recommend performing inversions based on an unstructured finite-element method and the L-BFGS method for situations with topography and complex underground structures.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61904050)the Science and Technology Major Project of Hubei(Nos.2020AAA005 and 2020AEA017)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Hubei Province(No.Q20181009)Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Memories。
文摘In this letter,the Ti-doped NbO_(x)-based selector is applied to SiNOx-based resistive random-access memory(RRAM),forming Pt/NbOx(Ti-doped)/SiNO_(x)/Ti one selector-one RRAM device(1S1R),to suppress the sneak path current.The fabricated 1S1R exhibits stable direct current(DC)endurance(>200 cycles),suitable memory window(>40),matched selectivity(>40)and high uniformity of switching parameters.
基金supported by grants from the Region Occitanie/Pyrenees-Mediterranee(No.1901175)the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)(project No.MP0022856)+7 种基金received funds from Alzheimer Prevention in Occitania and Catalonia(APOC Chair of Excellence-Inspire Program)supported by grants from the Gerontopole of Toulouse,French Ministry of Health(PHRC 2008 and PHRC 2009)Pierre Fabre Research Institute(manufacturer of the omega-3 supplement)Exonhit Therapeutics SAAvid Radiopharmaceuticals Incsupported by the University Hospital Center of Toulousesupported by the Association Monegasque pour la Recherche sur la maladie d’Alzheimer(AMPA)the INSERM-University of ToulouseⅢUMR 1027 Unit。
文摘Background:Age-related changes in brain structure may constitute the starting point for cerebral function alteration.Physical activity(PA)demonstrated favorable associations with total brain volume,but its relationship with cortical thickness(CT)remains unclear.We investigated the cross-sectional associations between PA level and CT in community-dwelling people aged 70 years and older.Methods:A total of 403 older adults aged 74.8±4.0 years(mean±SD)who underwent a baseline magnetic resonance imaging examination and who had data on PA and confounders were included.PA was assessed with a questionnaire.Participants were categorized according to PA levels.Multiple linear regressions were used to compare the brain CT(mm)of the inactive group(no PA at all)with 6 active groups(growing PA levels)in 34 regions of interest.Results:Compared with inactive persons,people who achieved PA at a level of 1500-1999 metabolic equivalent task-min/week(i.e.,about6-7 h of brisk walking for exercise) and those who achieved it at 2000-2999 metabolic equivalent task-min/week(i.e.,8-11 h of brisk walking for exercise)had higher CT in the fusiform gyrus and the temporal pole.Additionally,dose-response associations between PA and CT were found in the fusiform gyrus(B=0.011,SE=0.004,adj.p=0.035),the temporal pole(B=0.026,SE=0.009,adj.p=0.048),and the caudal middle frontal gyrus,the entorhinal,medial orbitofrontal,lateral occipital,and insular cortices.Conclusion:This study demonstrates a positive association between PA level and CT in temporal areas such as the fusiform gyrus,a brain region often associated to Alzheimer’s disease in people aged 70 years and older.Future investigations focusing on PA type may help to fulfil remaining knowledge gaps in this field.
基金This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3606900)in part by the National Natural Science of China(Grant No.62004217).
文摘The detrimental effect of imprint,which can cause misreading problem,has hindered the application of ferroelectric HfO_(2).In this work,we present results of a comprehensive reliability evaluation of Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)-based ferroelectric random access memory.The influence of imprint on the retention and endurance is demonstrated.Furthermore,a solution in circuity is pro-posed to effectively solve the misreading problem caused by imprint.
文摘This pilot study examined the psychometric properties and clinical utility of a brief neuropsychological instrument (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The test-retest reliability, practice effects and convergent validity of RBANS were examined in participants without objective cognitive impairment. The tests were administered at two time points at approximately a two weeks’ interval, with 30 cognitively intact participants with a mean age of 63.3 ± 5.8 years. Adequate test-retest reliabilities were found for RBANS subtests, index and total scale scores with significant gain scores in immediate memory and visuospatial function. The RBANS showed good convergent validity and the RBANS supplemented with executive and language measures (Colour Trails Test and 30-item modified Boston Naming Test, respectively) demonstrated excellent convergent validity with a formal neuropsychological battery. This pilot study has provided the preliminary evidence of reliability and convergent validity of the RBANS. Additionally, it also provides insight on the practice effects so that clinicians may assess significant changes in RBANS subtests and domain indexes for clinical practice.
