Recently,Prevotella spp.,a major genus of gram-negative commensal bacteria in humans,have emerged as a key microbial contributor to host metabolism due to its ability to ferment dietary fibers,produce beneficial short...Recently,Prevotella spp.,a major genus of gram-negative commensal bacteria in humans,have emerged as a key microbial contributor to host metabolism due to its ability to ferment dietary fibers,produce beneficial short-chain fatty acids,and influence immune responses.However,their diversity and functional differences have created challenges for their development and therapeutic use.Recent studies have shown that specific Prevotella species,such as P.copri,P.intestinalis,and P.histicola,can strengthen gut barrier integrity and reduce metabolic imbalances.Notably,Prevotella populations can be increased through high-fiber or herbal-based treatments.Traditional herbal medicines,including fiber-rich decoctions,also demonstrate the potential to boost endogenous Prevotella communities,enhance microbial fermentation,and improve glucose and lipid balance.This perspective examines the context-dependent roles of Prevotella spp.,with emphasis on the functional heterogeneity of key species such as P.copri,suggests a framework for combining herbal modulation with species-level microbiota profiling,and outlines a research plan to explore microbe-herb synergy in treating obesity,type 2 diabetes,and related metabolic disorders.This strategy offers a new,ecology-based approach to complement standard metabolic interventions.展开更多
The number of patients with low back pain has increased due to changes in living and working habits.It has become one of the most common diseases in Chinese and Thai clinics.Treatment with Thai traditional medicine ca...The number of patients with low back pain has increased due to changes in living and working habits.It has become one of the most common diseases in Chinese and Thai clinics.Treatment with Thai traditional medicine can effectively alleviate and manage low back pain.This paper aims to summarize the clinical efficacy and distinctive features of Thai traditional medicine(TTM)in managing low back pain.By reviewing recent literature on TTM treatments,including Thai massage,herbal hot massage,and Thai herbal medicine,the paper aims to lay a foundation for TTM treatment in the world and to promote the convergence and development of traditional Chinese and Thai traditional medicine treatment.Additionally,it advocates for the integration and advancement of both Chinese and Thai traditional medical practices,while also encouraging the dissemination of traditional medicine to other countries globally.展开更多
Punica granatum L.is a deciduous shrub belonging to the family Punicaceae and the genus Punica,recognized as a plant with both medicinal and edible value.Its peel,seeds,juice,flowers,and leaves have long been used in ...Punica granatum L.is a deciduous shrub belonging to the family Punicaceae and the genus Punica,recognized as a plant with both medicinal and edible value.Its peel,seeds,juice,flowers,and leaves have long been used in traditional Chinese,Mongolian,Tibetan,and Uyghur medicine,illustrating the characteristic phenomenon of“different applications of the same drug”.This article systematically reviews research progress from 2000 to 2025,focusing on chemical composition and pharmacological effects.Clinical practice and accumulated experience have led to distinct preferences across medical traditions:traditional Chinese medicine mainly uses dried peel to relieve diarrhea,stop bleeding,and expel parasites;traditional Mongolian medicine employs processed dried fruits to eliminate“Badgan”,warm the stomach,and aid digestion;Tibetan medicine often applies the seeds to strengthen the stomach and warm the middle energizer;Uyghur medicine uses the flowers to treat diarrhea and trauma.Modern studies show that chemical composition varies significantly among plant parts:the peel is rich in tannins and phenolic acids,seeds contain mostly fatty acids,and flowers are high in flavonoids.These differences lead to varied pharmacological activities,such as antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antibacterial effects.Furthermore,studies reveal synergistic effects among active components from different parts,with whole fruit or multi-part combinations showing better efficacy than single components.It should be noted that such synergies were identified through modern pharmacological studies–not derived directly from traditional theories.Together,these findings provide a scientific basis for the traditional“different applications of the same drug”and support further development of pomegranate resources based on multi-component synergy.展开更多
Chronic heart failure(CHF)is a pathological state in which the cardiac ejection fraction is insufficient to meet an individual's metabolic needs owing to changes in the cardiac structure or function.Various etiolo...Chronic heart failure(CHF)is a pathological state in which the cardiac ejection fraction is insufficient to meet an individual's metabolic needs owing to changes in the cardiac structure or function.Various etiologies such as myocardial infarction and inflammation are implicated,and the main symptoms are dyspnea,lower limb edema,fatigue,and discomfort during rest or exercise.CHF is the primary outcome of cardiovascular disease,and the increasing morbidity and mortality rates highlight the significant risks of this condition.According to traditional Chinese medicine,the pathogenesis of CHF is deficiency of heart qi and heart yang,which predominantly affects the heart,but may also impede the function of other zang-organs such as the spleen and kidney,and aggravate the symptoms of heart failure.With technological advancements and enhanced awareness of health conditions and disease prevention,China has promoted traditional medicine practices such as medicine and food homology(MFH),which has received increasing attention in recent years.This concept stipulates that certain medicines and foods have the same origin;ergo,these foods have medicinal properties,with many being used in the pre-vention and treatment of CHF.However,the efficacy and safety of MHF substances have yet to be determined,and there is no consensus regarding the development of disease prevention and treatment strategies.This article therefore reviews the current evidence for MFH in the prevention and treatment of CHF by summarizing the therapeutic potential of this practice and discussing treatment strategies and aims to improve the understanding of Chinese medicine and food homologous substances in the treatment of this condition,as well as highlight the current literature and avenues for future research.展开更多
Ischemic heart disease(IHD)is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates.Reperfusion therapy is the best treatment option for this condition.However,reperfusion can aggravate myocardial damage through a phenom...Ischemic heart disease(IHD)is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates.Reperfusion therapy is the best treatment option for this condition.However,reperfusion can aggravate myocardial damage through a phenomenon known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury,which has recently gained the attention of researchers.Several studies have shown that Chinese herbal medicines and their natural monomeric components exert therapeutic effects against I/R injury.This review outlines the current knowledge on the pathological mechanisms through which mitochondria participate in I/R injury,focusing on the issues related to energy metabolism,mitochondrial quality control disorders,oxidative stress,and calcium.The mechanisms by which mitochondria mediate cell death have also been discussed.To develop a resource for the prevention and management of clinical myocardial I/R damage,we compiled the most recent research on the effects of Chinese herbal remedies and their monomer components.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has emerged as a global public health concern,affecting over one-quarter of the global population.It is closely associated with the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome....Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has emerged as a global public health concern,affecting over one-quarter of the global population.It is closely associated with the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome.Current treatment options for NAFLD are limited and often have side effects.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)offers a promising alternative with its holistic approach and use of multi-component herbal formulations.A recent study explored the potential of the TCM formula,"Fanlian Huazhuo Formula(FLHZF)",to alleviate high-fat dietinduced NAFLD by regulating autophagy and lipid synthesis signaling pathways.TCM has shown advantages in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD due to its efficacy and minimal side effects.However,the complex multicomponent and multitarget characteristics of formulas such as FLHZF present challenges in research.Future studies should focus on utilizing modern techniques to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of action and active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines,thereby promoting their modernization.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to determine the correlation between the incidence of acute mountain sickness(AMS)and the body constitution of Tibetan medicine and other relevant factors to provide a reference for the pred...Objective:This study aimed to determine the correlation between the incidence of acute mountain sickness(AMS)and the body constitution of Tibetan medicine and other relevant factors to provide a reference for the prediction and prevention of AMS.Methods:A caseecontrol study was conducted to recruit participants who experienced or did not experience AMS after entering a plateau.The data was collected through online questionnaires for convenient sampling.Demographic characteristics,body constitution,and related states or behaviors were investigated before and after entering the plateau.The participants were divided into case and control groups based on the incidence of AMS.The distributions of relevant factors were compared.Binary logistic regression analysis was used to screen for risk and protective factors.Results:There were 167 participants who completed the questionnaire.A total of 54 cases were excluded,and 113 participants were included,including 52 in the case group and 61 in the control group.In the case group,37,13,and 2 patients had mild,moderate,and severe AMS,respectively.In terms of the Tibetan medicine constitution,the case group had the highest proportion of Bad-rlung(25.0%)and Rlung types(21.2%),whereas the control group had the highest proportion of Bad-rlung(29.5%)and Mkhrisbad types(24.6%).There was no significant difference in the distribution of the constitutional types between the two groups.Insomnia or insufficient sleep within the week prior to entering the plateau and fatigue after arrival were risk factors for AMS,with odds ratios(OR)and 95%confidence intervals(CI)of 5.012(1.871e13.426)and 3.387(1.393e8.236),respectively.A history of short-term plateau travel is a protective factor for AMS(OR:0.32,95%CI:0.129 to 0.792).Conclusion:Insomnia or lack of sleep before ascending to a plateau and fatigue after arrival are risk factors for AMS.The Rlung constitution might be related to the incidence of AMS;however,this still needs to be verified in large-sample observational studies.The risk factors identified in this study can provide a reference for the prevention practice and research of AMS.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore the association between adjuvant therapy with Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in the real world.METHODS:In this retrospective c...OBJECTIVE:To explore the association between adjuvant therapy with Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in the real world.METHODS:In this retrospective cohort study,we consecutively collected medical records of T2DM patients enrolled in the Metabolic Management Center(MMC)from October 2021 to April 2024.Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of a TCM prescription within 6 months after enrollment in MMC management.Propensity score matching(PSM)was used to balance the differences in covariates between the two groups.The independent efficacy of adjuvant TCM therapy on glycemic control was assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression,and then further determined by subgroup analysis.RESULTS:A total of 580 patients were included,with 441 patients(76.0%)receiving TCM treatment.Before PSM,multivariable logistic regression revealed that adjuvant TCM therapy was significantly associated with a lower incidence of poor glycemic control[odds ratio(OR)=0.47,95%confidence interval(CI)(0.30,0.73)].After PSM,weighted regression analysis further confirmed this inverse association[OR=0.60;95%CI(0.39,0.92)].In addition,patients treated with Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)alone[OR=0.45;95%CI(0.27,0.75)],non-drug therapy(NDT)alone[OR=0.56;95%CI(0.32,0.99)],and CHM+NDT[OR=0.43;95%CI(0.25,0.74)]all exhibited a reduced incidence of poor glycemic control compared with those who did not receive TCM treatment.CONCLUSION:The adjuvant TCM therapy is beneficial for achieving optimal glycemic control,suggesting that adjuvant TCM therapy may be embraced as a viable glycemic management approach for T2DM patients with poor glycemic control.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial effect of a self-designed acne-relieving Chinese herbal formula and prepare a kind of acne-removing soap according to the antibacterial effect.[Met...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial effect of a self-designed acne-relieving Chinese herbal formula and prepare a kind of acne-removing soap according to the antibacterial effect.[Methods]Chinese herbs Lonicera japonica,Taraxacum mongolicum,Scutellaria baicalensis,Angelica dahurica,Centella asiatica and Aloe vera,were decocted with water,and the antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus albus,Candida albicans and Propionibacterium acnei were tested by inhibition zone experiments.The soap base was prepared by saponification of coconut oil,palm oil,hazelnut oil and sodium hydroxide,and then the herbal liquid was added into the soap.[Results]The liquid had bacteriostatic effect on S.aureus,S.albus and P.acnes,but no inhibitory effect on C.albicans.The best bacteriostatic effect on S.aureus and S.albus was achieved at 330 mg/ml,and the best bacteriostatic effect on P.acnes was at 160 mg/ml.[Conclusions]The Chinese herbal formula has antibacterial effect.The handmade soap made from the Chinese herbal formula has the characteristics of smooth surface,moderate hardness,fine texture,rich foam and fresh smell.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has a long history and is widely used to prevent and treat various diseases.With the development of modern technology,an increasing number of active ingredients—such as curcumin,berbe...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has a long history and is widely used to prevent and treat various diseases.With the development of modern technology,an increasing number of active ingredients—such as curcumin,berberine,and baicalin—have been identified and validated within TCM.Concurrently,the emergence of nanotechnology has led to the discovery of numerous nanomedicines based on the self-assembly of active ingredients from TCM.Polymer materials can enhance the bioavailability of these active compounds and reduce their toxic side effects.Moreover,compared to synthetic polymers,natural polymer materials offer advantages such as non-toxicity and high biosafety when used in drug delivery systems.However,natural polymers tend to be unstable and are easily influenced by environmental factors such as temperature,humidity,and pH,which complicates quality control.Additionally,the cost of obtaining natural polymer materials remains high.This article summarizes and analyzes 232 pieces of the research studies on self-assembled polymer materials via noncovalent interactions,including hydrogen bonding,π-πinteractions,hydrophobic interactions,and electrostatic interactions.The review primarily focuses on the active ingredients derived from TCM and provides a concise overview of future directions for polymer materials,including controlled drug delivery,targeted disease treatment,clinical translation,and green synthesis methods.展开更多
This paper reviews and summarizes the material basis that contribute to the efficacy of Mongolian medicine,as well as the advancements in research concerning both single drugs and compound prescriptions in Mongolian m...This paper reviews and summarizes the material basis that contribute to the efficacy of Mongolian medicine,as well as the advancements in research concerning both single drugs and compound prescriptions in Mongolian medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).The objective is to provide a reference for further in-depth research and the clinical application of Mongolian medicine in the management of RA,while also offering new insights for the development of more effective therapeutic agents and methods for treating this condition.展开更多
Cancer therapy continues to face major challenges,including drug resistance,toxicity,and tumor heterogeneity,which highlight the need for multitarget strategies.This review examines the molecular compatibility theory ...Cancer therapy continues to face major challenges,including drug resistance,toxicity,and tumor heterogeneity,which highlight the need for multitarget strategies.This review examines the molecular compatibility theory in integrative oncology,which combines traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)with systems biology to address these limitations.TCM formulas,such as Banxia Xiexin decoction and Qiqin Huchang formula,contain bioactive compounds(e.g.,quercetin and berberine)that modulate interconnected pathways(phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase)and the tumor microenvironment,thereby promoting apoptosis,inhibiting angiogenesis,and regulating immune responses.The theory modernizes TCM’s“Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi”principle by optimizing herb combinations through network pharmacology and omics technologies.For instance,Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao(Huang Qi)-Curcuma phaeocaulis Val.(E Zhu)pairs co-target hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha to suppress metastasis,while artificial intelligence-driven models predict synergistic interactions such as quercetin-cyclin-dependent kinase 1 inhibition.Clinical studies have shown improved outcomes;for instance,modified Banxia Xiexin decoction reduces chemotherapy-induced toxicity in gastric cancer,and Xihuang pill enhances immunotherapy via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-programmed death-ligand 1 modulation.Despite these advances,challenges remain in standardization and mechanistic validation.Future research should prioritize single-cell sequencing,organoid models,and international collaboration to refine personalized therapies and translate TCM into evidence-based oncology.By integrating empirical knowledge with modern science,molecular compatibility theory provides a robust framework for multitarget drug development and the advancement of integrative cancer therapies.展开更多
In the context of Western medicine,Xin(心heart),Gan(肝liver),Pi(脾spleen),Fei(肺lung),and Shen(肾kidney)are five specific organs,while in ancient Chinese medicine,they are five kinds of Zang Xiang(藏象visceral manifes...In the context of Western medicine,Xin(心heart),Gan(肝liver),Pi(脾spleen),Fei(肺lung),and Shen(肾kidney)are five specific organs,while in ancient Chinese medicine,they are five kinds of Zang Xiang(藏象visceral manifestation),often referred to as Wu Zang(五藏five zang-organs),representing five interrelated structural-functional systems.There are both differences and connections between visceral manifestations and organs,which are reflected in the theories of Wu Zang.The specific connotation of Wu Zang are determined by the specific context in which they are located.With the accumulation of practice,the Wu Zang of the human body structures and functions,as well as the relationship between the Wu Zang have been in constant development and change.The encounter of Chinese and Western medicine in the 19th century dramatically changed the connotation of Wu Zang,from emphasizing visceral manifestations and neglecting substance to an organs-oriented perspective.This article examines how the encounter of Chinese and Western medicine in China influenced Chinese medicine.By analyzing three key aspects:(1)the interpretation of Wu Zang in pre-16th century texts;(2)the evolution and dissemination of Western medicine during the Ming and Qing dynasties;(3)the shifting conceptualization of Wu Zang in late Qing medical literature—the study elucidates the transformative impact of this cross-cultural medical encounter on the theory and practice of Chinese medicine.展开更多
High-quality clinical evidence is the basis of evidence-based medical practice.Acupuncture is the most widely used complementary and alternative medicine in the world.However,the improvement in the quality of acupunct...High-quality clinical evidence is the basis of evidence-based medical practice.Acupuncture is the most widely used complementary and alternative medicine in the world.However,the improvement in the quality of acupuncture clinical research does not match the rapid increase in the number of acupuncture clinical research in recent years.At present,the number of high-quality acupuncture clinical research in the world remains low.Taking the trial of acupuncture for chronic spontaneous urticaria published in Annals of Internal Medicine as an example,this paper discusses the factors that contribute to producing high-quality clinical evidence for acupuncture from the aspects of selecting the topic of study,formulating the study method,designing the study plan,controlling the study process,writing the study report,and selecting the journal in the process of before,during,and after the research.It emphasizes the necessity to start from the benefit of global people's health,take practical clinical problems as guidance,cleverly choose the research entry point,and conduct high-quality research with clinical value.After the accomplishment of the study,the results must be faithfully described,the scientific conclusions accurately sublimated,and appropriate scientific journals selected for publication.展开更多
Post-stroke depression(PSD) is a common psychiatric complication affecting nearly one-third of stroke survivors, leading to increased disability, mortality, and cognitive decline. Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) has...Post-stroke depression(PSD) is a common psychiatric complication affecting nearly one-third of stroke survivors, leading to increased disability, mortality, and cognitive decline. Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) has proven effective in treating PSD through syndrome differentiation, yet existing animal models primarily reflect Western medical concepts and fail to incorporate the TCM principle of “同病异治”( treating the same disease with different methods). This paper provides a review of the current methods for constructing animal models of post-stroke depression(PSD) from the perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) syndrome differentiation and proposes multi-dimensional assessment indicators. By integrating TCM theories with modern biomedical techniques, this study offers a comprehensive framework for deepening the understanding of the pathogenesis and therapeutic evaluation of PSD. This approach not only contributes to advancing PSD research but also paves the way for innovative treatment strategies that combine traditional and modern medicine.展开更多
As a traditional model for inheriting Chinese medicine,apprenticeship education has evolved over millennia into a distinctive talent cultivation system.In the new era characterized by upholding tradition while pursuin...As a traditional model for inheriting Chinese medicine,apprenticeship education has evolved over millennia into a distinctive talent cultivation system.In the new era characterized by upholding tradition while pursuing innovation,apprenticeship education serves not only as the core vehicle for sustaining Chinese medical scholarship but also as the key support for resolving contemporary challenges in cultivating TCM professionals.This paper traces the historical evolution and policy context of apprenticeship education,analyzes its current development status and underlying contradictions,and systematically elucidates its irreplaceable value in dimensions such as academic inheritance,critical thinking cultivation,and cultural continuity.By integrating technological innovation and policy guidance,it outlines development pathways to provide practical references for constructing a modernized TCM education system.展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA)is a kind of joint diseases characterized by fibrosis,ulceration,and loss of articular cartilage and articular surrounding tissues caused by various factors,the main symptoms of OA include joint pain...Osteoarthritis(OA)is a kind of joint diseases characterized by fibrosis,ulceration,and loss of articular cartilage and articular surrounding tissues caused by various factors,the main symptoms of OA include joint pain,joint stiffness,and loss of joint function,and OA has the higher prevalence rate and has been listed as one of the four major disabling diseases,seriously affecting people’s lives and health.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a comprehensive science based on the theory of Yin Yang(one TCM theory,the material world is believed to be nurtured,developed,and changed under the influence of Yin and Yang)and Five Elements(The five most basic substances-wood,fire,earth,metal,and water-are considered indispensable elements that make up the world),based on TCM theory and practical experience it can play the important role in prevention,diagnosis,treatment,rehabilitation,and health care in OA,exhibit the great application potential for OA treatment.In this review,we have summarized the recent research progress in the application of TCM in OA,including an analysis of underlying mechanisms,application limitations,and potential solutions,found that the material basis and targets of the therapeutic component of TCM,the quality control and the mechanism of TCM application in OA are not very clear,which may become the application limitation of TCM in OA.We hope that this review will offer valuable insights to researchers in the field.展开更多
Polysaccharides,a class of complex macromolecules,are distinguished by their diverse biological functions and essential role in functional foods.The distinctive biological activities of polysaccharides from medicine a...Polysaccharides,a class of complex macromolecules,are distinguished by their diverse biological functions and essential role in functional foods.The distinctive biological activities of polysaccharides from medicine and food homology materials(MFPs),including immunomodulation,carbohydrate metabolism regulation,and lipid metabolism regulation properties,have attracted considerable scientific attention.The relationship between polysaccharides and gut microbiota is fundamental to human health,as polysaccharides demonstrate efficacy in ameliorating various conditions—from inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)to obesity and diabetes—through their influence on intestinal flora composition and diversity.Although polysaccharide research and applications show promise,significant challenges persist,particularly regarding extraction and purification methodologies,and the complete understanding of their biological mechanisms.Future investigations should prioritize understanding the correlation between polysaccharide structure and function,advancing large-scale production and application technologies,and establishing productive interdisciplinary collaborations.MFPs demonstrate significant potential for advancing sustainable development and human health,building upon current research findings.This paper presents a comprehensive review of global developments in the extraction,purification,structural characterization,biological activities,and applications of MFPs,emphasizing opportunities for scientific and technological innovations in specialized dietary food development.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on the article by Micucci et al published in the recent issue.We focus on the heterogenous nature of gastric cancer(GC)and the potential benefits of integrating traditional Chinese medicin...In this editorial,we comment on the article by Micucci et al published in the recent issue.We focus on the heterogenous nature of gastric cancer(GC)and the potential benefits of integrating traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)with the modern technology of network pharmacology(NP)and omics sequencing.GC is a heterogenous disease,as it incorporates several biochemical pathways that contribute to pathogenesis.TCM acknowledges the multifactorial,heterogenous nature of disease and utilizes an integrative approach to medicine.NP,a modern philosophy within drug development,integrates traditional knowledge of nutraceuticals and modern technologies to address the complex interactions of pathways within the body.Omics technologies,which is at the core of precision medicine,has allowed for this newfound principle of drug development.Metabolic pathways are better distinguished,leading to more targeted drug development.However,the use of omics technology needs to be employed to better characterize the subtypes of GC.This will allow TCM’s use of nutraceuticals in the application of NP to better target metabolic pathways that may aid in the prevention of GC as well as enhance treatment.展开更多
We hereby comment on the interesting systematic review by Grewal et al where they have provided an overall picture of the current status of available tele-health programs in the United States with emphasis on the Amaz...We hereby comment on the interesting systematic review by Grewal et al where they have provided an overall picture of the current status of available tele-health programs in the United States with emphasis on the Amazon Clinic.Their analysis is an appreciable effort in discovering the features available and features lacking in these tele-health programs.The concept of tele-health originated to curtail the need for physical attendance of patients at health clinics,and has been beneficial during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.We implore that the pearls and pitfalls of these programs have to be understood by policymakers prior to forming a consensus regarding the availability,accessibility and affordability of these programs as methods of healthcare delivery.Unrestricted proliferation of tele-health programs in their current form may pose threats to patient and provider safety and medicolegal liability.However,patients and providers must work together to improve them to meet their expectations and enable them to provide the best care for the ailing public.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(2020R1F1A1074155).
文摘Recently,Prevotella spp.,a major genus of gram-negative commensal bacteria in humans,have emerged as a key microbial contributor to host metabolism due to its ability to ferment dietary fibers,produce beneficial short-chain fatty acids,and influence immune responses.However,their diversity and functional differences have created challenges for their development and therapeutic use.Recent studies have shown that specific Prevotella species,such as P.copri,P.intestinalis,and P.histicola,can strengthen gut barrier integrity and reduce metabolic imbalances.Notably,Prevotella populations can be increased through high-fiber or herbal-based treatments.Traditional herbal medicines,including fiber-rich decoctions,also demonstrate the potential to boost endogenous Prevotella communities,enhance microbial fermentation,and improve glucose and lipid balance.This perspective examines the context-dependent roles of Prevotella spp.,with emphasis on the functional heterogeneity of key species such as P.copri,suggests a framework for combining herbal modulation with species-level microbiota profiling,and outlines a research plan to explore microbe-herb synergy in treating obesity,type 2 diabetes,and related metabolic disorders.This strategy offers a new,ecology-based approach to complement standard metabolic interventions.
基金the grants from the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Project for Enhancing Innovation Capabilities in Chinese Medicine(No.BJTH 2024-02F-0009)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Seed Program for Research and Transformation of Medical New Technologies(No.2024ZZ1006)Shanghai Three-year Action Plan to Further Accelerate the Inheritance and Innovative Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2025-2027)(3-1-1).
文摘The number of patients with low back pain has increased due to changes in living and working habits.It has become one of the most common diseases in Chinese and Thai clinics.Treatment with Thai traditional medicine can effectively alleviate and manage low back pain.This paper aims to summarize the clinical efficacy and distinctive features of Thai traditional medicine(TTM)in managing low back pain.By reviewing recent literature on TTM treatments,including Thai massage,herbal hot massage,and Thai herbal medicine,the paper aims to lay a foundation for TTM treatment in the world and to promote the convergence and development of traditional Chinese and Thai traditional medicine treatment.Additionally,it advocates for the integration and advancement of both Chinese and Thai traditional medical practices,while also encouraging the dissemination of traditional medicine to other countries globally.
基金funded by the Key Project of the First-class Discipline Scientific Research Special Plan of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.YLXKZX-NYD-001)the University-Industry Collaborative Innovation Fund of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.2024MZ002).
文摘Punica granatum L.is a deciduous shrub belonging to the family Punicaceae and the genus Punica,recognized as a plant with both medicinal and edible value.Its peel,seeds,juice,flowers,and leaves have long been used in traditional Chinese,Mongolian,Tibetan,and Uyghur medicine,illustrating the characteristic phenomenon of“different applications of the same drug”.This article systematically reviews research progress from 2000 to 2025,focusing on chemical composition and pharmacological effects.Clinical practice and accumulated experience have led to distinct preferences across medical traditions:traditional Chinese medicine mainly uses dried peel to relieve diarrhea,stop bleeding,and expel parasites;traditional Mongolian medicine employs processed dried fruits to eliminate“Badgan”,warm the stomach,and aid digestion;Tibetan medicine often applies the seeds to strengthen the stomach and warm the middle energizer;Uyghur medicine uses the flowers to treat diarrhea and trauma.Modern studies show that chemical composition varies significantly among plant parts:the peel is rich in tannins and phenolic acids,seeds contain mostly fatty acids,and flowers are high in flavonoids.These differences lead to varied pharmacological activities,such as antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antibacterial effects.Furthermore,studies reveal synergistic effects among active components from different parts,with whole fruit or multi-part combinations showing better efficacy than single components.It should be noted that such synergies were identified through modern pharmacological studies–not derived directly from traditional theories.Together,these findings provide a scientific basis for the traditional“different applications of the same drug”and support further development of pomegranate resources based on multi-component synergy.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274082 and 82204943),Beijing“high-grade,precision and advanced”Project,Beijing Key Laboratory for Basic and Development Research on Chinese Medicine.
文摘Chronic heart failure(CHF)is a pathological state in which the cardiac ejection fraction is insufficient to meet an individual's metabolic needs owing to changes in the cardiac structure or function.Various etiologies such as myocardial infarction and inflammation are implicated,and the main symptoms are dyspnea,lower limb edema,fatigue,and discomfort during rest or exercise.CHF is the primary outcome of cardiovascular disease,and the increasing morbidity and mortality rates highlight the significant risks of this condition.According to traditional Chinese medicine,the pathogenesis of CHF is deficiency of heart qi and heart yang,which predominantly affects the heart,but may also impede the function of other zang-organs such as the spleen and kidney,and aggravate the symptoms of heart failure.With technological advancements and enhanced awareness of health conditions and disease prevention,China has promoted traditional medicine practices such as medicine and food homology(MFH),which has received increasing attention in recent years.This concept stipulates that certain medicines and foods have the same origin;ergo,these foods have medicinal properties,with many being used in the pre-vention and treatment of CHF.However,the efficacy and safety of MHF substances have yet to be determined,and there is no consensus regarding the development of disease prevention and treatment strategies.This article therefore reviews the current evidence for MFH in the prevention and treatment of CHF by summarizing the therapeutic potential of this practice and discussing treatment strategies and aims to improve the understanding of Chinese medicine and food homologous substances in the treatment of this condition,as well as highlight the current literature and avenues for future research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82074235)the Central Universities in China(Grant No.:2023-JYB-JBQN-041)。
文摘Ischemic heart disease(IHD)is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates.Reperfusion therapy is the best treatment option for this condition.However,reperfusion can aggravate myocardial damage through a phenomenon known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury,which has recently gained the attention of researchers.Several studies have shown that Chinese herbal medicines and their natural monomeric components exert therapeutic effects against I/R injury.This review outlines the current knowledge on the pathological mechanisms through which mitochondria participate in I/R injury,focusing on the issues related to energy metabolism,mitochondrial quality control disorders,oxidative stress,and calcium.The mechanisms by which mitochondria mediate cell death have also been discussed.To develop a resource for the prevention and management of clinical myocardial I/R damage,we compiled the most recent research on the effects of Chinese herbal remedies and their monomer components.
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has emerged as a global public health concern,affecting over one-quarter of the global population.It is closely associated with the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome.Current treatment options for NAFLD are limited and often have side effects.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)offers a promising alternative with its holistic approach and use of multi-component herbal formulations.A recent study explored the potential of the TCM formula,"Fanlian Huazhuo Formula(FLHZF)",to alleviate high-fat dietinduced NAFLD by regulating autophagy and lipid synthesis signaling pathways.TCM has shown advantages in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD due to its efficacy and minimal side effects.However,the complex multicomponent and multitarget characteristics of formulas such as FLHZF present challenges in research.Future studies should focus on utilizing modern techniques to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of action and active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines,thereby promoting their modernization.
基金funded by the institutional program of China Tibetology Research Center(CTRC20236JS08).
文摘Objective:This study aimed to determine the correlation between the incidence of acute mountain sickness(AMS)and the body constitution of Tibetan medicine and other relevant factors to provide a reference for the prediction and prevention of AMS.Methods:A caseecontrol study was conducted to recruit participants who experienced or did not experience AMS after entering a plateau.The data was collected through online questionnaires for convenient sampling.Demographic characteristics,body constitution,and related states or behaviors were investigated before and after entering the plateau.The participants were divided into case and control groups based on the incidence of AMS.The distributions of relevant factors were compared.Binary logistic regression analysis was used to screen for risk and protective factors.Results:There were 167 participants who completed the questionnaire.A total of 54 cases were excluded,and 113 participants were included,including 52 in the case group and 61 in the control group.In the case group,37,13,and 2 patients had mild,moderate,and severe AMS,respectively.In terms of the Tibetan medicine constitution,the case group had the highest proportion of Bad-rlung(25.0%)and Rlung types(21.2%),whereas the control group had the highest proportion of Bad-rlung(29.5%)and Mkhrisbad types(24.6%).There was no significant difference in the distribution of the constitutional types between the two groups.Insomnia or insufficient sleep within the week prior to entering the plateau and fatigue after arrival were risk factors for AMS,with odds ratios(OR)and 95%confidence intervals(CI)of 5.012(1.871e13.426)and 3.387(1.393e8.236),respectively.A history of short-term plateau travel is a protective factor for AMS(OR:0.32,95%CI:0.129 to 0.792).Conclusion:Insomnia or lack of sleep before ascending to a plateau and fatigue after arrival are risk factors for AMS.The Rlung constitution might be related to the incidence of AMS;however,this still needs to be verified in large-sample observational studies.The risk factors identified in this study can provide a reference for the prevention practice and research of AMS.
基金Industry-University-Research Collaborative Project:the Clinical and Basic Research on Liuzi Yangshen Formula in Preventing and Treating Renal Tubular Injury(No.HX-DZM-202501)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the association between adjuvant therapy with Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in the real world.METHODS:In this retrospective cohort study,we consecutively collected medical records of T2DM patients enrolled in the Metabolic Management Center(MMC)from October 2021 to April 2024.Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of a TCM prescription within 6 months after enrollment in MMC management.Propensity score matching(PSM)was used to balance the differences in covariates between the two groups.The independent efficacy of adjuvant TCM therapy on glycemic control was assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression,and then further determined by subgroup analysis.RESULTS:A total of 580 patients were included,with 441 patients(76.0%)receiving TCM treatment.Before PSM,multivariable logistic regression revealed that adjuvant TCM therapy was significantly associated with a lower incidence of poor glycemic control[odds ratio(OR)=0.47,95%confidence interval(CI)(0.30,0.73)].After PSM,weighted regression analysis further confirmed this inverse association[OR=0.60;95%CI(0.39,0.92)].In addition,patients treated with Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)alone[OR=0.45;95%CI(0.27,0.75)],non-drug therapy(NDT)alone[OR=0.56;95%CI(0.32,0.99)],and CHM+NDT[OR=0.43;95%CI(0.25,0.74)]all exhibited a reduced incidence of poor glycemic control compared with those who did not receive TCM treatment.CONCLUSION:The adjuvant TCM therapy is beneficial for achieving optimal glycemic control,suggesting that adjuvant TCM therapy may be embraced as a viable glycemic management approach for T2DM patients with poor glycemic control.
基金Supported by National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine in 2022(202210600026).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial effect of a self-designed acne-relieving Chinese herbal formula and prepare a kind of acne-removing soap according to the antibacterial effect.[Methods]Chinese herbs Lonicera japonica,Taraxacum mongolicum,Scutellaria baicalensis,Angelica dahurica,Centella asiatica and Aloe vera,were decocted with water,and the antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus albus,Candida albicans and Propionibacterium acnei were tested by inhibition zone experiments.The soap base was prepared by saponification of coconut oil,palm oil,hazelnut oil and sodium hydroxide,and then the herbal liquid was added into the soap.[Results]The liquid had bacteriostatic effect on S.aureus,S.albus and P.acnes,but no inhibitory effect on C.albicans.The best bacteriostatic effect on S.aureus and S.albus was achieved at 330 mg/ml,and the best bacteriostatic effect on P.acnes was at 160 mg/ml.[Conclusions]The Chinese herbal formula has antibacterial effect.The handmade soap made from the Chinese herbal formula has the characteristics of smooth surface,moderate hardness,fine texture,rich foam and fresh smell.
基金supported by the Department of Education of Anhui Province of China(Nos.2023AH050754 and KJ2019A0470)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province of China(No.1608085MH227)+4 种基金the Anhui Provincial Quality Engineering Project for Education in the New Era-Research on the Reform of Graduate Education and Teaching(2023jyjxggyjY168)the Quality Engineering Project of the Anhui Provincial Department of Education in 2021(No.2021jyxm0824)the Research and Development Project Entrusted by the Enterprise:Research on Antioxidant Biological Activity of Quercetin(No.2022HZ049)the Quality Engineering Project of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine in 2021(No.2021zlgc042)the Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Annual Innovation Training Program for College Students(Nos.2017142,2017171).
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has a long history and is widely used to prevent and treat various diseases.With the development of modern technology,an increasing number of active ingredients—such as curcumin,berberine,and baicalin—have been identified and validated within TCM.Concurrently,the emergence of nanotechnology has led to the discovery of numerous nanomedicines based on the self-assembly of active ingredients from TCM.Polymer materials can enhance the bioavailability of these active compounds and reduce their toxic side effects.Moreover,compared to synthetic polymers,natural polymer materials offer advantages such as non-toxicity and high biosafety when used in drug delivery systems.However,natural polymers tend to be unstable and are easily influenced by environmental factors such as temperature,humidity,and pH,which complicates quality control.Additionally,the cost of obtaining natural polymer materials remains high.This article summarizes and analyzes 232 pieces of the research studies on self-assembled polymer materials via noncovalent interactions,including hydrogen bonding,π-πinteractions,hydrophobic interactions,and electrostatic interactions.The review primarily focuses on the active ingredients derived from TCM and provides a concise overview of future directions for polymer materials,including controlled drug delivery,targeted disease treatment,clinical translation,and green synthesis methods.
基金Supported by"First-Class Discipline Construction"Research Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Inner Mongolia Medical University(zyylxk202404).
文摘This paper reviews and summarizes the material basis that contribute to the efficacy of Mongolian medicine,as well as the advancements in research concerning both single drugs and compound prescriptions in Mongolian medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).The objective is to provide a reference for further in-depth research and the clinical application of Mongolian medicine in the management of RA,while also offering new insights for the development of more effective therapeutic agents and methods for treating this condition.
基金supported from the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang(2025C02198)Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Co-construction Science and Technology Plan Project(GZY-ZJ-KJ-24083).
文摘Cancer therapy continues to face major challenges,including drug resistance,toxicity,and tumor heterogeneity,which highlight the need for multitarget strategies.This review examines the molecular compatibility theory in integrative oncology,which combines traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)with systems biology to address these limitations.TCM formulas,such as Banxia Xiexin decoction and Qiqin Huchang formula,contain bioactive compounds(e.g.,quercetin and berberine)that modulate interconnected pathways(phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase)and the tumor microenvironment,thereby promoting apoptosis,inhibiting angiogenesis,and regulating immune responses.The theory modernizes TCM’s“Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi”principle by optimizing herb combinations through network pharmacology and omics technologies.For instance,Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao(Huang Qi)-Curcuma phaeocaulis Val.(E Zhu)pairs co-target hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha to suppress metastasis,while artificial intelligence-driven models predict synergistic interactions such as quercetin-cyclin-dependent kinase 1 inhibition.Clinical studies have shown improved outcomes;for instance,modified Banxia Xiexin decoction reduces chemotherapy-induced toxicity in gastric cancer,and Xihuang pill enhances immunotherapy via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-programmed death-ligand 1 modulation.Despite these advances,challenges remain in standardization and mechanistic validation.Future research should prioritize single-cell sequencing,organoid models,and international collaboration to refine personalized therapies and translate TCM into evidence-based oncology.By integrating empirical knowledge with modern science,molecular compatibility theory provides a robust framework for multitarget drug development and the advancement of integrative cancer therapies.
基金financed by the grant from The MUST Faculty Research Grants(FRG-25-031-FC)and Fundação Macao.
文摘In the context of Western medicine,Xin(心heart),Gan(肝liver),Pi(脾spleen),Fei(肺lung),and Shen(肾kidney)are five specific organs,while in ancient Chinese medicine,they are five kinds of Zang Xiang(藏象visceral manifestation),often referred to as Wu Zang(五藏five zang-organs),representing five interrelated structural-functional systems.There are both differences and connections between visceral manifestations and organs,which are reflected in the theories of Wu Zang.The specific connotation of Wu Zang are determined by the specific context in which they are located.With the accumulation of practice,the Wu Zang of the human body structures and functions,as well as the relationship between the Wu Zang have been in constant development and change.The encounter of Chinese and Western medicine in the 19th century dramatically changed the connotation of Wu Zang,from emphasizing visceral manifestations and neglecting substance to an organs-oriented perspective.This article examines how the encounter of Chinese and Western medicine in China influenced Chinese medicine.By analyzing three key aspects:(1)the interpretation of Wu Zang in pre-16th century texts;(2)the evolution and dissemination of Western medicine during the Ming and Qing dynasties;(3)the shifting conceptualization of Wu Zang in late Qing medical literature—the study elucidates the transformative impact of this cross-cultural medical encounter on the theory and practice of Chinese medicine.
基金Supported by Sichuan Province science and technology education joint fund project:2024NSFSC1976Science and Technology Research Project of Sichuan Ad-ministration of Traditional Chinese Medicine:2021MS320.
文摘High-quality clinical evidence is the basis of evidence-based medical practice.Acupuncture is the most widely used complementary and alternative medicine in the world.However,the improvement in the quality of acupuncture clinical research does not match the rapid increase in the number of acupuncture clinical research in recent years.At present,the number of high-quality acupuncture clinical research in the world remains low.Taking the trial of acupuncture for chronic spontaneous urticaria published in Annals of Internal Medicine as an example,this paper discusses the factors that contribute to producing high-quality clinical evidence for acupuncture from the aspects of selecting the topic of study,formulating the study method,designing the study plan,controlling the study process,writing the study report,and selecting the journal in the process of before,during,and after the research.It emphasizes the necessity to start from the benefit of global people's health,take practical clinical problems as guidance,cleverly choose the research entry point,and conduct high-quality research with clinical value.After the accomplishment of the study,the results must be faithfully described,the scientific conclusions accurately sublimated,and appropriate scientific journals selected for publication.
基金Jilin Provincial Department of Education,Grant/Award Number:JJKH20230958KJJilin Scientific and Technological Development Program,Grant/Award Number:YDZJ202401092ZYTS。
文摘Post-stroke depression(PSD) is a common psychiatric complication affecting nearly one-third of stroke survivors, leading to increased disability, mortality, and cognitive decline. Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) has proven effective in treating PSD through syndrome differentiation, yet existing animal models primarily reflect Western medical concepts and fail to incorporate the TCM principle of “同病异治”( treating the same disease with different methods). This paper provides a review of the current methods for constructing animal models of post-stroke depression(PSD) from the perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) syndrome differentiation and proposes multi-dimensional assessment indicators. By integrating TCM theories with modern biomedical techniques, this study offers a comprehensive framework for deepening the understanding of the pathogenesis and therapeutic evaluation of PSD. This approach not only contributes to advancing PSD research but also paves the way for innovative treatment strategies that combine traditional and modern medicine.
文摘As a traditional model for inheriting Chinese medicine,apprenticeship education has evolved over millennia into a distinctive talent cultivation system.In the new era characterized by upholding tradition while pursuing innovation,apprenticeship education serves not only as the core vehicle for sustaining Chinese medical scholarship but also as the key support for resolving contemporary challenges in cultivating TCM professionals.This paper traces the historical evolution and policy context of apprenticeship education,analyzes its current development status and underlying contradictions,and systematically elucidates its irreplaceable value in dimensions such as academic inheritance,critical thinking cultivation,and cultural continuity.By integrating technological innovation and policy guidance,it outlines development pathways to provide practical references for constructing a modernized TCM education system.
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA)is a kind of joint diseases characterized by fibrosis,ulceration,and loss of articular cartilage and articular surrounding tissues caused by various factors,the main symptoms of OA include joint pain,joint stiffness,and loss of joint function,and OA has the higher prevalence rate and has been listed as one of the four major disabling diseases,seriously affecting people’s lives and health.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a comprehensive science based on the theory of Yin Yang(one TCM theory,the material world is believed to be nurtured,developed,and changed under the influence of Yin and Yang)and Five Elements(The five most basic substances-wood,fire,earth,metal,and water-are considered indispensable elements that make up the world),based on TCM theory and practical experience it can play the important role in prevention,diagnosis,treatment,rehabilitation,and health care in OA,exhibit the great application potential for OA treatment.In this review,we have summarized the recent research progress in the application of TCM in OA,including an analysis of underlying mechanisms,application limitations,and potential solutions,found that the material basis and targets of the therapeutic component of TCM,the quality control and the mechanism of TCM application in OA are not very clear,which may become the application limitation of TCM in OA.We hope that this review will offer valuable insights to researchers in the field.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFF1104305)。
文摘Polysaccharides,a class of complex macromolecules,are distinguished by their diverse biological functions and essential role in functional foods.The distinctive biological activities of polysaccharides from medicine and food homology materials(MFPs),including immunomodulation,carbohydrate metabolism regulation,and lipid metabolism regulation properties,have attracted considerable scientific attention.The relationship between polysaccharides and gut microbiota is fundamental to human health,as polysaccharides demonstrate efficacy in ameliorating various conditions—from inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)to obesity and diabetes—through their influence on intestinal flora composition and diversity.Although polysaccharide research and applications show promise,significant challenges persist,particularly regarding extraction and purification methodologies,and the complete understanding of their biological mechanisms.Future investigations should prioritize understanding the correlation between polysaccharide structure and function,advancing large-scale production and application technologies,and establishing productive interdisciplinary collaborations.MFPs demonstrate significant potential for advancing sustainable development and human health,building upon current research findings.This paper presents a comprehensive review of global developments in the extraction,purification,structural characterization,biological activities,and applications of MFPs,emphasizing opportunities for scientific and technological innovations in specialized dietary food development.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article by Micucci et al published in the recent issue.We focus on the heterogenous nature of gastric cancer(GC)and the potential benefits of integrating traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)with the modern technology of network pharmacology(NP)and omics sequencing.GC is a heterogenous disease,as it incorporates several biochemical pathways that contribute to pathogenesis.TCM acknowledges the multifactorial,heterogenous nature of disease and utilizes an integrative approach to medicine.NP,a modern philosophy within drug development,integrates traditional knowledge of nutraceuticals and modern technologies to address the complex interactions of pathways within the body.Omics technologies,which is at the core of precision medicine,has allowed for this newfound principle of drug development.Metabolic pathways are better distinguished,leading to more targeted drug development.However,the use of omics technology needs to be employed to better characterize the subtypes of GC.This will allow TCM’s use of nutraceuticals in the application of NP to better target metabolic pathways that may aid in the prevention of GC as well as enhance treatment.
文摘We hereby comment on the interesting systematic review by Grewal et al where they have provided an overall picture of the current status of available tele-health programs in the United States with emphasis on the Amazon Clinic.Their analysis is an appreciable effort in discovering the features available and features lacking in these tele-health programs.The concept of tele-health originated to curtail the need for physical attendance of patients at health clinics,and has been beneficial during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.We implore that the pearls and pitfalls of these programs have to be understood by policymakers prior to forming a consensus regarding the availability,accessibility and affordability of these programs as methods of healthcare delivery.Unrestricted proliferation of tele-health programs in their current form may pose threats to patient and provider safety and medicolegal liability.However,patients and providers must work together to improve them to meet their expectations and enable them to provide the best care for the ailing public.
