Objective:Microneedles(MNs),as a key component of third-generation transdermal drug delivery sys-tems,show strong potential for obesity treatment.This study aimed to integrate traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)therapie...Objective:Microneedles(MNs),as a key component of third-generation transdermal drug delivery sys-tems,show strong potential for obesity treatment.This study aimed to integrate traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)therapies,including Chinese patent medicine(CPM)injections and patches,with MN technology to identify commonly used administration sites and Chinese medicinal material(CMM)con-stituents suitable for MN-based weight loss interventions.Methods:Literature was retrieved from PubMed,Web of Science,Google Scholar,CNKI,and Google Patents.First,existing studies on MN-based weight loss were narratively reviewed.Then,studies on CPM injections or patches were analyzed to extract intervention elements,including administration sites,CMM constituents,and symptoms.Acupoint-symptom and CMM constituent-symptom pairs were compiled,and key nodes were identified through complex network analysis using eigenvector centrality,PageRank,and betweenness centrality.Results:Forty-four studies and thirteen patents were included.The review indicated that MN-based in-terventions demonstrated significant weight loss effects;however,current research remains limited by a focus on fat-deposition sites and insufficient development of CMM carriers.Network analysis identi-fied Guanyuan(CV4)and Poria cocos(Fuling)as central nodes across all metrics,suggesting their strong potential as key elements in MN-based therapies.Conclusion:CV4 and Poria cocos represent promising candidates for delivery sites and CMM constituents in MN-mediated obesity treatment.By integrating TCM principles with modern MN technology,these findings provide a theoretical basis for developing more targeted,efficient,and integrative anti-obesity interventions.展开更多
A 55-year-old man developed deep venous thrombosis and inferior vena cava(IVC) thrombosis 7 years earlier and was treated by placement of a permanent IVC filter. One week ago, he was admitted with bilateral lower limb...A 55-year-old man developed deep venous thrombosis and inferior vena cava(IVC) thrombosis 7 years earlier and was treated by placement of a permanent IVC filter. One week ago, he was admitted with bilateral lower limb swelling and pain. Digital subtraction angiography showed a filling defect above the original filter. A retrievable Tulip filter was placed and catheter-directed thrombolysis was performed. Six days later, the patient experienced sudden, persistent upper right abdominal pain, and a computed tomography scan revealed the formation of retroperitoneal hematoma. Symptomatic treatments were administered, and the hematoma gradually resolved during follow-up.展开更多
Dual-layer spectral detector CT is a new spectrum CT imaging technology based on detector being able to obtain both images similar to true plain and spectral images in one time scanning.The reconstructed multi-paramet...Dual-layer spectral detector CT is a new spectrum CT imaging technology based on detector being able to obtain both images similar to true plain and spectral images in one time scanning.The reconstructed multi-parameter spectral images can not only improve image quality,enhance tissue contrast,increase the visualization and detection ability of occult lesions,but also provide qualitative and quantitative analysis of the lesions,so as to provide more imaging information and multi-dimensional diagnostic basis.The research progresses of dual-layer spectral detector CT for preoperative evaluation on colorectal cancer were reviewed in this article.展开更多
With the continuous development of medical informatics and digital diagnosis,the classification of tuberculosis(TB)cases from computed tomography(CT)images of the lung based on deep learning is an important guiding ai...With the continuous development of medical informatics and digital diagnosis,the classification of tuberculosis(TB)cases from computed tomography(CT)images of the lung based on deep learning is an important guiding aid in clinical diagnosis and treatment.Due to its potential application in medical image classification,this task has received extensive research attention.Existing related neural network techniques are still challenging in terms of feature extraction of global contextual information of images and network complexity in achieving image classification.To address these issues,this paper proposes a lightweight medical image classification network based on a combination of Transformer and convolutional neural network(CNN)for the classification of TB cases from lung CT.The method mainly consists of a fusion of the CNN module and the Transformer module,exploiting the advantages of both in order to accomplish a more accurate classification task.On the one hand,the CNN branch supplements the Transformer branch with basic local feature information in the low level;on the other hand,in the middle and high levels of the model,the CNN branch can also provide the Transformer architecture with different local and global feature information to the Transformer architecture to enhance the ability of the model to obtain feature information and improve the accuracy of image classification.A shortcut is used in each module of the network to solve the problem of poor model results due to gradient divergence and to optimize the effectiveness of TB classification.The proposed lightweight model can well solve the problem of long training time in the process of TB classification of lung CT and improve the speed of classification.The proposed method was validated on a CT image data set provided by the First Hospital of Lanzhou University.The experimental results show that the proposed lightweight classification network for TB based on CT medical images of lungs can fully extract the feature information of the input images and obtain high-accuracy classification results.展开更多
Background： It has been reported that strenuous exercise increases the number of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells such as CD34＋ cells in the blood, but no previous studies have investigated the changes in circul...Background： It has been reported that strenuous exercise increases the number of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells such as CD34＋ cells in the blood, but no previous studies have investigated the changes in circulating CD34＋ cells following resistance exercise. This study tested the hypothesis that the number of CD34＋ cells in the blood would increase after eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors, but decrease in recovery, and the magnitude of the changes would be dependent on the magnitude of muscle damage. Methods： Nine men （28.0 ± 6.6 years） performed exercises consisting of 10 sets of six maximal voluntary eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors with their non-dominant arm. Six of them performed the same exercise with the same ann 4 weeks later. Changes in indirect markers of muscle damage were measured before, within 10 min after, and at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after eccentric exercise. Differential leukocyte counts （total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes） and CD34＋ cells in the blood were measured before, immediately after, and at 2, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h following the exercises. Results： After eccentric exercise, significant （p 〈 0.05） decreases in maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque and increases in delayed onset muscle soreness and plasma creatine kinase activity were observed. However, no significant changes in leukocytes and CD34＋ cells were evident. The changes in muscle damage markers were significantly （p 〈 0.05） smaller following the second exercise session as compared with the first exercise session, but the changes in leukocytes and CD34＋ cells were not significantly different between sessions. Conclusion： These results did not support the hypothesis, and showed that eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage to the elbow flexors did not influence the number of circulating CD34＋ cells.展开更多
Few studies have examined the impacts of color stimuli on perioperative mood and quality of recovery;thus, this randomized controlled trial aimed to assess impacts of vividly colored accessories on mood and quality of...Few studies have examined the impacts of color stimuli on perioperative mood and quality of recovery;thus, this randomized controlled trial aimed to assess impacts of vividly colored accessories on mood and quality of recovery after breast surgery. This single-center, single-blind randomized controlled trial included 36 participants (all aged ≥ 20 years) who were randomized into intervention (n = 19) and control groups (n = 17). The intervention group received vividly colored accessories. The primary and secondary study outcomes were patient mood, evaluated using a two-dimensional mood scale, and postoperative recovery, evaluated using Quality of Recovery-15, which were assessed on postoperative day 3. There were no statistical intergroup differences in the scores of the Two-Dimensional Mood Scale (11.2 [intervention group] vs. 10.4 [control group], P = 0.75) and Quality of Recovery-15 (126.8 [intervention group] vs. 129.3 [control group], P = 0.73). Thus, the use of vividly colored accessories by patients undergoing breast surgery was not found to affect patients’ mood and quality of recovery.展开更多
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as potentially being useful biomarkers for various diseases including cancer, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, neurological disease and age-related diseases. In the present study...MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as potentially being useful biomarkers for various diseases including cancer, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, neurological disease and age-related diseases. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether the expression levels of circulating miRNAs in serum were changed with aging or sex. Serum samples from seven elderly males (69.86 ± 1.77 years old) and females (72.43 ± 1.49 years old), and six young males (26.17 ± 0.83 years old) and females (23.17 ± 1.52 years old) were obtained from the subject’s forearm at rest. The expression levels of circulating miR-146a and miR-20a in serum were determined by real-time TaqMan PCR. There were no differences in the expression levels of miR-146a between all groups. There was a significant interaction in this main effect where miR-20a levels were significantly lower in elderly male subjects when compared to young male subjects with no difference observed in young or elderly female subjects (p = 0.004 and p = 0.971, respectively). These results suggest that not all the miRNAs in the circulation are influenced by the effect of aging, but only some miRNAs may be selectively changed by the effect of aging.展开更多
Background:Interleukin‐1(IL‐1)and its receptor have shown their profound influence on inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).To investigate the relationship between IL‐1 receptor typeⅡ(IL‐1RⅡ),a well‐established negat...Background:Interleukin‐1(IL‐1)and its receptor have shown their profound influence on inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).To investigate the relationship between IL‐1 receptor typeⅡ(IL‐1RⅡ),a well‐established negative regulator of IL‐1,and IBD along with its subtypes(Crohn's disease[CD]and ulcerative colitis[UC]),we conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis to elucidate the underlying association more clearly.Methods:The genome‐wide association studies summary statistics of IL‐1RⅡwere acquired from the INTERVAL study,which involved 3301 European people.The latest meta genome‐wide association studies statistic of IBD/CD/UC served as genetic instruments.Three robust analytical methods including inverse‐variance weighting(IVW),Mendelian randomization(MR)‐Egger regression,and weighted median(WM)were utilized,followed by sensitivity analysis.The MR‐Egger intercept test,Cochran's Q test,and“leave‐one‐out”sensitivity analysis were performed to assess these genetic variants'horizontal pleiotropy,heterogeneities,and stability accordingly.Results:The association of genetically increased IL‐1RⅡ[per log‐odds ratio increase]on the increased risk of CD and UC was detected by the IVW method(CD:odds ratio[OR]=1.077,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.019–1.139,p=0.009;UC:OR=1.106,95%CI:1.008–1.213,p=0.033).In all analyses,the IVW analysis and MR Egger test showed no significant heterogeneity(p>0.05),and the MR Egger intercept test indicated no horizontal pleiotropy(p>0.05).Conclusions:In this MR analysis,IL‐1RⅡwas identified as a risk factor for CD and UC.This finding has consequently heightened the awareness of the need to thoroughly understand the impact of IL‐1RⅡon intestinal inflammation.展开更多
The ubiquitin (Ub) system, a ubiquitous presence across eukaryotes, plays a crucialrole in the precise orchestration of diverse cellular protein processes. From steering cellularsignaling pathways and orchestrating ce...The ubiquitin (Ub) system, a ubiquitous presence across eukaryotes, plays a crucialrole in the precise orchestration of diverse cellular protein processes. From steering cellularsignaling pathways and orchestrating cell cycle progression to guiding receptor traffickingand modulating immune responses, this process plays a crucial role in regulating various biological functions. The dysregulation of Ub-mediated signaling pathways in prevalent cancersushers in a spectrum of clinical outcomes ranging from tumorigenesis and metastasis to recurrence and drug resistance. Ubiquitination, a linchpin process mediated by Ub, assumes a central mantle in molding cellular signaling dynamics. It navigates transitions in biological cuesand ultimately shapes the destiny of proteins. Recent years have witnessed an upsurge inthe momentum surrounding the development of protein-based therapeutics aimed at targetingthe Ub system under the sway of cancer stem cells. The article provides a comprehensive overview of the ongoing in-depth discussions regarding the regulation of the Ub system and itsimpact on the development of cancer stem cells. Amidst the tapestry of insights, the articledelves into the expansive roles of E3 Ub ligases, deubiquitinases, and transcription factors entwined with cancer stem cells. Furthermore, the spotlight turns to the interplay with pivotalsignaling pathways the Notch, Hedgehog, Wnt/b-catenin, and Hippo-YAP signaling pathways allplay crucial roles in the regulation of cancer stem cells followed by the specific modulation ofUb-proteasome.展开更多
Photothermal therapy(PTT)has received a lot of attention as a promising strategy for eliminating tumors quickly.However,the unavoidable inflammatory response during the treatment might result in a high concentration o...Photothermal therapy(PTT)has received a lot of attention as a promising strategy for eliminating tumors quickly.However,the unavoidable inflammatory response during the treatment might result in a high concentration of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs),increasing the risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis.To address this problem,gold-based nanocarriers(PGMP-small interfering RNA(siRNA)nanoparticles(NPs))containing STAT6siRNA,that inhibited M2-like TAM polarization,were designed and investigated for PTT and gene therapy of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).In an NSCLC model,the nanocarriers demonstrated excellent siRNA delivery ability and a high gene transfection rate of up to 90%in macrophages,thus inhibiting the polarization of about 87%of M2-like TAMs and effectively suppressing the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC.Meanwhile,the unique gold nanosphere structure offered improved PTT and contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging,thus contributing to the efficient elimination and real-time monitoring of the tumor tissues.These nanocarriers with combined gene and photothermal therapeutic capabilities improved the efficacy of single-modality treatment,and showed the potential to inhibit cancer cell recurrence and metastasis to ultimately cure NSCLC.展开更多
Among 2D materials(Xenes)which are at the forefront of research activities,borophene,is an exciting new entry due to its uniquely varied optical,electronic,and chemical properties in many polymorphic forms with widely...Among 2D materials(Xenes)which are at the forefront of research activities,borophene,is an exciting new entry due to its uniquely varied optical,electronic,and chemical properties in many polymorphic forms with widely varying band gaps including the lightest 2D metallic phase.In this paper,we used a simple selective chemical etching to prepare borophene with a strong near IR light-induced photothermal effect.The photothermal efficiency is similar to plasmonic Au nanoparticles,with the added benefit of borophene being degradable due to electron deficiency of boron.We introduce this selective chemical etching process to obtain ultrathin and large borophene nanosheets(thickness of ~4 nm and lateral size up to ~600 nm)from the precursor of AlB_(2).We also report first-time observation of a selective Acid etching behavior showing HCl etching of Al to form a residual B lattice,while HF selectively etches B to yield an Al lattice.We demonstrate that through surface modification with polydopamine(PDA),a biocompatible smart delivery nanoplatform of B@PDA can respond to a tumor environment,exhibiting an enhanced cellular uptake efficiency.We demonstrate that borophene can be more suitable for safe photothermal theranostic of thick tumor using deep penetrating near IR light compared to gold nanoparticles which are not degradable,thus posing longterm toxicity concerns.With about 40 kinds of borides,we hope that our work will open door to more discoveries of this top-down selective etching approach for generating borophene structures with rich unexplored thermal,electronic,and optical properties for many other technological applications.展开更多
文摘Objective:Microneedles(MNs),as a key component of third-generation transdermal drug delivery sys-tems,show strong potential for obesity treatment.This study aimed to integrate traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)therapies,including Chinese patent medicine(CPM)injections and patches,with MN technology to identify commonly used administration sites and Chinese medicinal material(CMM)con-stituents suitable for MN-based weight loss interventions.Methods:Literature was retrieved from PubMed,Web of Science,Google Scholar,CNKI,and Google Patents.First,existing studies on MN-based weight loss were narratively reviewed.Then,studies on CPM injections or patches were analyzed to extract intervention elements,including administration sites,CMM constituents,and symptoms.Acupoint-symptom and CMM constituent-symptom pairs were compiled,and key nodes were identified through complex network analysis using eigenvector centrality,PageRank,and betweenness centrality.Results:Forty-four studies and thirteen patents were included.The review indicated that MN-based in-terventions demonstrated significant weight loss effects;however,current research remains limited by a focus on fat-deposition sites and insufficient development of CMM carriers.Network analysis identi-fied Guanyuan(CV4)and Poria cocos(Fuling)as central nodes across all metrics,suggesting their strong potential as key elements in MN-based therapies.Conclusion:CV4 and Poria cocos represent promising candidates for delivery sites and CMM constituents in MN-mediated obesity treatment.By integrating TCM principles with modern MN technology,these findings provide a theoretical basis for developing more targeted,efficient,and integrative anti-obesity interventions.
文摘A 55-year-old man developed deep venous thrombosis and inferior vena cava(IVC) thrombosis 7 years earlier and was treated by placement of a permanent IVC filter. One week ago, he was admitted with bilateral lower limb swelling and pain. Digital subtraction angiography showed a filling defect above the original filter. A retrievable Tulip filter was placed and catheter-directed thrombolysis was performed. Six days later, the patient experienced sudden, persistent upper right abdominal pain, and a computed tomography scan revealed the formation of retroperitoneal hematoma. Symptomatic treatments were administered, and the hematoma gradually resolved during follow-up.
文摘Dual-layer spectral detector CT is a new spectrum CT imaging technology based on detector being able to obtain both images similar to true plain and spectral images in one time scanning.The reconstructed multi-parameter spectral images can not only improve image quality,enhance tissue contrast,increase the visualization and detection ability of occult lesions,but also provide qualitative and quantitative analysis of the lesions,so as to provide more imaging information and multi-dimensional diagnostic basis.The research progresses of dual-layer spectral detector CT for preoperative evaluation on colorectal cancer were reviewed in this article.
文摘With the continuous development of medical informatics and digital diagnosis,the classification of tuberculosis(TB)cases from computed tomography(CT)images of the lung based on deep learning is an important guiding aid in clinical diagnosis and treatment.Due to its potential application in medical image classification,this task has received extensive research attention.Existing related neural network techniques are still challenging in terms of feature extraction of global contextual information of images and network complexity in achieving image classification.To address these issues,this paper proposes a lightweight medical image classification network based on a combination of Transformer and convolutional neural network(CNN)for the classification of TB cases from lung CT.The method mainly consists of a fusion of the CNN module and the Transformer module,exploiting the advantages of both in order to accomplish a more accurate classification task.On the one hand,the CNN branch supplements the Transformer branch with basic local feature information in the low level;on the other hand,in the middle and high levels of the model,the CNN branch can also provide the Transformer architecture with different local and global feature information to the Transformer architecture to enhance the ability of the model to obtain feature information and improve the accuracy of image classification.A shortcut is used in each module of the network to solve the problem of poor model results due to gradient divergence and to optimize the effectiveness of TB classification.The proposed lightweight model can well solve the problem of long training time in the process of TB classification of lung CT and improve the speed of classification.The proposed method was validated on a CT image data set provided by the First Hospital of Lanzhou University.The experimental results show that the proposed lightweight classification network for TB based on CT medical images of lungs can fully extract the feature information of the input images and obtain high-accuracy classification results.
文摘Background： It has been reported that strenuous exercise increases the number of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells such as CD34＋ cells in the blood, but no previous studies have investigated the changes in circulating CD34＋ cells following resistance exercise. This study tested the hypothesis that the number of CD34＋ cells in the blood would increase after eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors, but decrease in recovery, and the magnitude of the changes would be dependent on the magnitude of muscle damage. Methods： Nine men （28.0 ± 6.6 years） performed exercises consisting of 10 sets of six maximal voluntary eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors with their non-dominant arm. Six of them performed the same exercise with the same ann 4 weeks later. Changes in indirect markers of muscle damage were measured before, within 10 min after, and at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after eccentric exercise. Differential leukocyte counts （total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes） and CD34＋ cells in the blood were measured before, immediately after, and at 2, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h following the exercises. Results： After eccentric exercise, significant （p 〈 0.05） decreases in maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque and increases in delayed onset muscle soreness and plasma creatine kinase activity were observed. However, no significant changes in leukocytes and CD34＋ cells were evident. The changes in muscle damage markers were significantly （p 〈 0.05） smaller following the second exercise session as compared with the first exercise session, but the changes in leukocytes and CD34＋ cells were not significantly different between sessions. Conclusion： These results did not support the hypothesis, and showed that eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage to the elbow flexors did not influence the number of circulating CD34＋ cells.
文摘Few studies have examined the impacts of color stimuli on perioperative mood and quality of recovery;thus, this randomized controlled trial aimed to assess impacts of vividly colored accessories on mood and quality of recovery after breast surgery. This single-center, single-blind randomized controlled trial included 36 participants (all aged ≥ 20 years) who were randomized into intervention (n = 19) and control groups (n = 17). The intervention group received vividly colored accessories. The primary and secondary study outcomes were patient mood, evaluated using a two-dimensional mood scale, and postoperative recovery, evaluated using Quality of Recovery-15, which were assessed on postoperative day 3. There were no statistical intergroup differences in the scores of the Two-Dimensional Mood Scale (11.2 [intervention group] vs. 10.4 [control group], P = 0.75) and Quality of Recovery-15 (126.8 [intervention group] vs. 129.3 [control group], P = 0.73). Thus, the use of vividly colored accessories by patients undergoing breast surgery was not found to affect patients’ mood and quality of recovery.
文摘MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as potentially being useful biomarkers for various diseases including cancer, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, neurological disease and age-related diseases. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether the expression levels of circulating miRNAs in serum were changed with aging or sex. Serum samples from seven elderly males (69.86 ± 1.77 years old) and females (72.43 ± 1.49 years old), and six young males (26.17 ± 0.83 years old) and females (23.17 ± 1.52 years old) were obtained from the subject’s forearm at rest. The expression levels of circulating miR-146a and miR-20a in serum were determined by real-time TaqMan PCR. There were no differences in the expression levels of miR-146a between all groups. There was a significant interaction in this main effect where miR-20a levels were significantly lower in elderly male subjects when compared to young male subjects with no difference observed in young or elderly female subjects (p = 0.004 and p = 0.971, respectively). These results suggest that not all the miRNAs in the circulation are influenced by the effect of aging, but only some miRNAs may be selectively changed by the effect of aging.
基金Four“Batches”Innovation Project of Invigorating Medical through Science and Technology of Shanxi Province,Grant/Award Number:2022XM05National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:81971543+1 种基金The Central Guidance Special Funds for Local Science and Technology Development,Grant/Award Number:YDZJSX20231A061Shanxi Province Higher“Billion Project”Science Technology Guidance Project,Grant/Award Number:BYJL042。
文摘Background:Interleukin‐1(IL‐1)and its receptor have shown their profound influence on inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).To investigate the relationship between IL‐1 receptor typeⅡ(IL‐1RⅡ),a well‐established negative regulator of IL‐1,and IBD along with its subtypes(Crohn's disease[CD]and ulcerative colitis[UC]),we conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis to elucidate the underlying association more clearly.Methods:The genome‐wide association studies summary statistics of IL‐1RⅡwere acquired from the INTERVAL study,which involved 3301 European people.The latest meta genome‐wide association studies statistic of IBD/CD/UC served as genetic instruments.Three robust analytical methods including inverse‐variance weighting(IVW),Mendelian randomization(MR)‐Egger regression,and weighted median(WM)were utilized,followed by sensitivity analysis.The MR‐Egger intercept test,Cochran's Q test,and“leave‐one‐out”sensitivity analysis were performed to assess these genetic variants'horizontal pleiotropy,heterogeneities,and stability accordingly.Results:The association of genetically increased IL‐1RⅡ[per log‐odds ratio increase]on the increased risk of CD and UC was detected by the IVW method(CD:odds ratio[OR]=1.077,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.019–1.139,p=0.009;UC:OR=1.106,95%CI:1.008–1.213,p=0.033).In all analyses,the IVW analysis and MR Egger test showed no significant heterogeneity(p>0.05),and the MR Egger intercept test indicated no horizontal pleiotropy(p>0.05).Conclusions:In this MR analysis,IL‐1RⅡwas identified as a risk factor for CD and UC.This finding has consequently heightened the awareness of the need to thoroughly understand the impact of IL‐1RⅡon intestinal inflammation.
基金supported by grants from The National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.82173842)WU JIEPING Medical Foundation(No.320.6750.2023-05-7)The Medical Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province,China(No.SBGJ202003010).
文摘The ubiquitin (Ub) system, a ubiquitous presence across eukaryotes, plays a crucialrole in the precise orchestration of diverse cellular protein processes. From steering cellularsignaling pathways and orchestrating cell cycle progression to guiding receptor traffickingand modulating immune responses, this process plays a crucial role in regulating various biological functions. The dysregulation of Ub-mediated signaling pathways in prevalent cancersushers in a spectrum of clinical outcomes ranging from tumorigenesis and metastasis to recurrence and drug resistance. Ubiquitination, a linchpin process mediated by Ub, assumes a central mantle in molding cellular signaling dynamics. It navigates transitions in biological cuesand ultimately shapes the destiny of proteins. Recent years have witnessed an upsurge inthe momentum surrounding the development of protein-based therapeutics aimed at targetingthe Ub system under the sway of cancer stem cells. The article provides a comprehensive overview of the ongoing in-depth discussions regarding the regulation of the Ub system and itsimpact on the development of cancer stem cells. Amidst the tapestry of insights, the articledelves into the expansive roles of E3 Ub ligases, deubiquitinases, and transcription factors entwined with cancer stem cells. Furthermore, the spotlight turns to the interplay with pivotalsignaling pathways the Notch, Hedgehog, Wnt/b-catenin, and Hippo-YAP signaling pathways allplay crucial roles in the regulation of cancer stem cells followed by the specific modulation ofUb-proteasome.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81873898,81960316,81871411,32011530115,and 32025021)the Science&Technology Bureau of Ningbo City(Nos.2020Z094 and 2021Z072)+1 种基金the Excellent Member of Youth Innovation Promotion Association Foundation of CAS(No.Y2021079)the Ningbo 3315 Innovative Teams Program,China(No.2019A-14-C).
文摘Photothermal therapy(PTT)has received a lot of attention as a promising strategy for eliminating tumors quickly.However,the unavoidable inflammatory response during the treatment might result in a high concentration of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs),increasing the risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis.To address this problem,gold-based nanocarriers(PGMP-small interfering RNA(siRNA)nanoparticles(NPs))containing STAT6siRNA,that inhibited M2-like TAM polarization,were designed and investigated for PTT and gene therapy of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).In an NSCLC model,the nanocarriers demonstrated excellent siRNA delivery ability and a high gene transfection rate of up to 90%in macrophages,thus inhibiting the polarization of about 87%of M2-like TAMs and effectively suppressing the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC.Meanwhile,the unique gold nanosphere structure offered improved PTT and contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging,thus contributing to the efficient elimination and real-time monitoring of the tumor tissues.These nanocarriers with combined gene and photothermal therapeutic capabilities improved the efficacy of single-modality treatment,and showed the potential to inhibit cancer cell recurrence and metastasis to ultimately cure NSCLC.
基金supported by Guangdong Scientific and Technological Project(2019B1515120043,2020A151501612,2021A1515220109,and 2022B1515020093)the Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(KCXFZ20201221173413038)+1 种基金the Longhua District Science and Innovation Commission Project Grants of Shenzhen(JCYJ201904)the support from Instrumental Analysis Center of Shenzhen University(Xili Campus).
文摘Among 2D materials(Xenes)which are at the forefront of research activities,borophene,is an exciting new entry due to its uniquely varied optical,electronic,and chemical properties in many polymorphic forms with widely varying band gaps including the lightest 2D metallic phase.In this paper,we used a simple selective chemical etching to prepare borophene with a strong near IR light-induced photothermal effect.The photothermal efficiency is similar to plasmonic Au nanoparticles,with the added benefit of borophene being degradable due to electron deficiency of boron.We introduce this selective chemical etching process to obtain ultrathin and large borophene nanosheets(thickness of ~4 nm and lateral size up to ~600 nm)from the precursor of AlB_(2).We also report first-time observation of a selective Acid etching behavior showing HCl etching of Al to form a residual B lattice,while HF selectively etches B to yield an Al lattice.We demonstrate that through surface modification with polydopamine(PDA),a biocompatible smart delivery nanoplatform of B@PDA can respond to a tumor environment,exhibiting an enhanced cellular uptake efficiency.We demonstrate that borophene can be more suitable for safe photothermal theranostic of thick tumor using deep penetrating near IR light compared to gold nanoparticles which are not degradable,thus posing longterm toxicity concerns.With about 40 kinds of borides,we hope that our work will open door to more discoveries of this top-down selective etching approach for generating borophene structures with rich unexplored thermal,electronic,and optical properties for many other technological applications.
