Articular cartilage damage caused by trauma or degenerative pathologies such as osteoarthritis can result in significant pain,mobility issues,and disability.Current surgical treatments have a limited capacity for effi...Articular cartilage damage caused by trauma or degenerative pathologies such as osteoarthritis can result in significant pain,mobility issues,and disability.Current surgical treatments have a limited capacity for efficacious cartilage repair,and long-term patient outcomes are not satisfying.Three-dimensional bioprinting has been used to fabricate biochemical and biophysical environments that aim to recapitulate the native microenvironment and promote tissue regeneration.However,conventional in vitro bioprinting has limitations due to the challenges associated with the fabrication and implantation of bioprinted constructs and their integration with the native cartilage tissue.In situ bioprinting is a novel strategy to directly deliver bioinks to the desired anatomical site and has the potential to overcome major shortcomings associated with conventional bioprinting.In this review,we focus on the new frontier of robotic-assisted in situ bioprinting surgical systems for cartilage regeneration.We outline existing clinical approaches and the utilization of robotic-assisted surgical systems.Handheld and robotic-assisted in situ bioprinting techniques including minimally invasive and non-invasive approaches are defined and presented.Finally,we discuss the challenges and potential future perspectives of in situ bioprinting for cartilage applications.展开更多
Flexoelectricity in dielectrics suggests promising smart structures for sensors,actuators and transducers.In this review,dielectric materials,structures and the associated flexoelectric characterization methods are pr...Flexoelectricity in dielectrics suggests promising smart structures for sensors,actuators and transducers.In this review,dielectric materials,structures and the associated flexoelectric characterization methods are presented.First of all,we review structures and methods to measure different flexoelectric coefficients,includingμ1122;μ1111;μ1211;μ3121;μ2312;μ1123,etc.,via direct or converse flexoelectric effect.The flexoelectric materials in the form of bulk,thin films and 2D materials and the reported flexoelectric properties of these dielectrics will then be discussed.Semiconductor materials and the associated flexoelectric studies will also be reviewed.The progress of flexoelectric device study will next be presented,followed by the flexoelectricity research challenges and future trend.展开更多
基金the funding provided by the United Kingdom(UK)Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)Doctoral Prize Fellowship(EP/R513131/1)。
文摘Articular cartilage damage caused by trauma or degenerative pathologies such as osteoarthritis can result in significant pain,mobility issues,and disability.Current surgical treatments have a limited capacity for efficacious cartilage repair,and long-term patient outcomes are not satisfying.Three-dimensional bioprinting has been used to fabricate biochemical and biophysical environments that aim to recapitulate the native microenvironment and promote tissue regeneration.However,conventional in vitro bioprinting has limitations due to the challenges associated with the fabrication and implantation of bioprinted constructs and their integration with the native cartilage tissue.In situ bioprinting is a novel strategy to directly deliver bioinks to the desired anatomical site and has the potential to overcome major shortcomings associated with conventional bioprinting.In this review,we focus on the new frontier of robotic-assisted in situ bioprinting surgical systems for cartilage regeneration.We outline existing clinical approaches and the utilization of robotic-assisted surgical systems.Handheld and robotic-assisted in situ bioprinting techniques including minimally invasive and non-invasive approaches are defined and presented.Finally,we discuss the challenges and potential future perspectives of in situ bioprinting for cartilage applications.
文摘Flexoelectricity in dielectrics suggests promising smart structures for sensors,actuators and transducers.In this review,dielectric materials,structures and the associated flexoelectric characterization methods are presented.First of all,we review structures and methods to measure different flexoelectric coefficients,includingμ1122;μ1111;μ1211;μ3121;μ2312;μ1123,etc.,via direct or converse flexoelectric effect.The flexoelectric materials in the form of bulk,thin films and 2D materials and the reported flexoelectric properties of these dielectrics will then be discussed.Semiconductor materials and the associated flexoelectric studies will also be reviewed.The progress of flexoelectric device study will next be presented,followed by the flexoelectricity research challenges and future trend.
