A widened pulse pressure could be a sign of a patent ductus arteriosus in an infant. This is defined as a difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure of greater than 15 to 25 mmHg, in premature infants an...A widened pulse pressure could be a sign of a patent ductus arteriosus in an infant. This is defined as a difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure of greater than 15 to 25 mmHg, in premature infants and greater than 25 mmHg in term infants [1]. It is thought that diastolic runoff from blood flow shunting across the aorta to the pulmonary artery, through the patent ductus arteriosus, will produce a lower diastolic pressure and therefore widen the pulse pressure in the affected infant [1]. In our retrospective chart review, 116 premature infants were identified with a patent ductus arteriosus and compared to 42 premature infants without a patent ductus arteriosus. The blood pressures obtained were recorded for the first 7 days of life of the patients. Our studies revealed that premature infants with a patent ductus arteriosus had a mean pulse pressure of19 mmHg (p-value 0.129) when compared to infants without a patent ductus arteriosus,16 mmHg, on day 1 of life. The mean pulse pressures were ~20 mmHg in both groups on days 2 - 3. On days 4 - 7 mean pulse pressures were greater than20 mmHg for both groups (p-values 0.35, 0.19, 0.74, 0.8). It was noticed that mean pulse pressures in the patent ductus arteriosus group were within 0-4 mmHg when compared to the group without a patent ductus arteriosus and therefore not clinically relevant or statistically significant.展开更多
As the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide,breast cancer poses a formidable public health challenge on a global scale.Breast cancer consists of a group of biologically and molecularly heterogeneous disea...As the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide,breast cancer poses a formidable public health challenge on a global scale.Breast cancer consists of a group of biologically and molecularly heterogeneous diseases originated from the breast.While the risk factors associated with this cancer varies with respect to other cancers,genetic predisposition,most notably mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene,is an important causative factor for this malignancy.Breast cancers can begin in different areas of the breast,such as the ducts,the lobules,or the tissue in between.Within the large group of diverse breast carcinomas,there are various denoted types of breast cancer based on their invasiveness relative to the primary tumor sites.It is important to distinguish between the various subtypes because they have different prognoses and treatment implications.As there are remarkable parallels between normal development and breast cancer progression at the molecular level,it has been postulated that breast cancer may be derived from mammary cancer stem cells.Normal breast development and mammary stem cells are regulated by several signaling pathways,such as estrogen receptors(ERs),HER2,and Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathways,which control stem cell proliferation,cell death,cell differentiation,and cell motility.Furthermore,emerging evidence indicates that epigenetic regulations and noncoding RNAs may play important roles in breast cancer development and may contribute to the heterogeneity and metastatic aspects of breast cancer,especially for triple-negative breast cancer.This review provides a comprehensive survey of the molecular,cellular and genetic aspects of breast cancer.展开更多
As the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide,breast cancer poses a formidable public health challenge on a global scale.Breast cancer consists of a group of biologically and molecularly heterogeneous disea...As the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide,breast cancer poses a formidable public health challenge on a global scale.Breast cancer consists of a group of biologically and molecularly heterogeneous diseases originated from the breast.While the risk factors associated with this cancer varies with respect to other cancers,genetic predisposition,most notably mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene,is an important causative factor for this malignancy.Breast cancers can begin in different areas of the breast,such as the ducts,the lobules,or the tissue in between.Within the large group of diverse breast carcinomas,there are various denoted types of breast cancer based on their invasiveness relative to the primary tumor sites.It is important to distinguish between the various subtypes because they have different prognoses and treatment implications.As there are remarkable parallels between normal development and breast cancer progression at the molecular level,it has been postulated that breast cancer may be derived from mammary cancer stem cells.Normal breast development and mammary stem cells are regulated by several signaling pathways,such as estrogen receptors(ERs),HER2,and Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathways,which control stem cell proliferation,cell death,cell differentiation,and cell motility.Furthermore,emerging evidence indicates that epigenetic regulations and noncoding RNAs may play important roles in breast cancer development and may contribute to the heterogeneity and metastatic aspects of breast cancer,especially for triple-negative breast cancer.This review provides a comprehensive survey of the molecular,cellular and genetic aspects of breast cancer.展开更多
Background:Using native wildflowers for restoring marginal lands has gained considerable popularity.Establishment of wildflowers can be challenging due to several environmental factors.Restoring the microbial communit...Background:Using native wildflowers for restoring marginal lands has gained considerable popularity.Establishment of wildflowers can be challenging due to several environmental factors.Restoring the microbial community in degraded habitats can potentially result in the native plant performance and habitat restoration.This study was conducted to investigate the impact of native soil microbes and seeding depth on germination of south Texas native wildflowers.Two wildflower species,Ratibida columnifera(Nutt.)(Mexican Hat)and Verbesina encelioides(Cav.)(cowpen daisy),were treated with microbial wash extracted from native soils,and germination rate was recorded for 14-day period.We further analyzed the growth,biomass allocation,and root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi in these two plants growing them in a plant growth chamber for 6 weeks.To determine the impact of seeding depth,we planted the seeds of the two plant species at 2-cm,6-cm,and 12-cm depth and monitored germination and plant growth.Results:The two species responded differently to the seeding depth and microbial wash treatments.Microbial wash treatment resulted in higher germination rate in R.columnifera compared to control,while it did not have any impact on V.encelioides seed germination.While microbial treatment did not influence the total biomass,it had a significant impact on the biomass allocation in both the plant species.R.columnifera seeds germinated at both 2-cm and 6-cm depth and did not germinate at 12 cm,while the V.encelioides seeds germinated only at 2 cm and did not germinate at 6-cm or 12-cm seeding depth.Conclusions:While our results are species specific,our results indicate that native soil microbes can potentially improve the seed germination and growth of wildflowers.Our results also indicate the importance of specific seeding depth when sowing wildflower seeds for habitat restoration.展开更多
With the significant financial burden of chronic cutaneous wounds on the healthcare system,not to the personal burden mention on those individuals afflicted,it has become increasingly essential to improve our clinical...With the significant financial burden of chronic cutaneous wounds on the healthcare system,not to the personal burden mention on those individuals afflicted,it has become increasingly essential to improve our clinical treatments.This requires the translation of the most recent benchtop approaches to clinical wound repair as our current treatment modalities have proven insufficient.The most promising potential treatment options rely on stem cellbased therapies.Stem cell proliferation and signaling play crucial roles in every phase of the wound healing process and chronic wounds are often associated with impaired stem cell function.Clinical approaches involving stem cells could thus be utilized in some cases to improve a body’s inhibited healing capacity.We aim to present the laboratory research behind the mechanisms and effects of this technology as well as current clinical trials which showcase their therapeutic potential.Given the current problems and complications presented by chronic wounds,we hope to show that developing the clinical applications of stem cell therapies is the rational next step in improving wound care.展开更多
This paper presents a novel concept for designing solar-absorbing metamaterial microcapsules of phase change materials(PCMs)integrated with thermo-regulating smart textiles intended for coats or garments,especially fo...This paper presents a novel concept for designing solar-absorbing metamaterial microcapsules of phase change materials(PCMs)integrated with thermo-regulating smart textiles intended for coats or garments,especially for wear in space or cold weather on earth.The metamaterial is a periodically nanostructured metal-dielectric-metal thin film and can acquire surface plasmons to trap or absorb solar energy at subwavelength scales.This kind of metamaterial microencapsulation is not only able to take advantage of latent heat that can be stored or released from the PCMs over a tunable temperature range,but also has other advantages over conventional polymer microencapsulation of PCMs,such as enhanced thermal conductivity,improved flame-retardant capabilities,and usage as an extra solar power resource.The thermal analysis for this kind of microencapsulation has been done and can be used as a guideline for designing integrated thermo-regulating smart textiles in the future.These metamaterial microcapsules may open up new routes to enhancing thermo-regulating textiles with novel properties and added value.展开更多
文摘A widened pulse pressure could be a sign of a patent ductus arteriosus in an infant. This is defined as a difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure of greater than 15 to 25 mmHg, in premature infants and greater than 25 mmHg in term infants [1]. It is thought that diastolic runoff from blood flow shunting across the aorta to the pulmonary artery, through the patent ductus arteriosus, will produce a lower diastolic pressure and therefore widen the pulse pressure in the affected infant [1]. In our retrospective chart review, 116 premature infants were identified with a patent ductus arteriosus and compared to 42 premature infants without a patent ductus arteriosus. The blood pressures obtained were recorded for the first 7 days of life of the patients. Our studies revealed that premature infants with a patent ductus arteriosus had a mean pulse pressure of19 mmHg (p-value 0.129) when compared to infants without a patent ductus arteriosus,16 mmHg, on day 1 of life. The mean pulse pressures were ~20 mmHg in both groups on days 2 - 3. On days 4 - 7 mean pulse pressures were greater than20 mmHg for both groups (p-values 0.35, 0.19, 0.74, 0.8). It was noticed that mean pulse pressures in the patent ductus arteriosus group were within 0-4 mmHg when compared to the group without a patent ductus arteriosus and therefore not clinically relevant or statistically significant.
基金Research in the authors’laboratories was supported in part by research grants from the National Institutes of Health(CA226303 to TCH)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1000803 and 2011CB707906 to TCH)the Natural Science Foundation of China(#30670811,#31171243,and#31420103915 to GR).
文摘As the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide,breast cancer poses a formidable public health challenge on a global scale.Breast cancer consists of a group of biologically and molecularly heterogeneous diseases originated from the breast.While the risk factors associated with this cancer varies with respect to other cancers,genetic predisposition,most notably mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene,is an important causative factor for this malignancy.Breast cancers can begin in different areas of the breast,such as the ducts,the lobules,or the tissue in between.Within the large group of diverse breast carcinomas,there are various denoted types of breast cancer based on their invasiveness relative to the primary tumor sites.It is important to distinguish between the various subtypes because they have different prognoses and treatment implications.As there are remarkable parallels between normal development and breast cancer progression at the molecular level,it has been postulated that breast cancer may be derived from mammary cancer stem cells.Normal breast development and mammary stem cells are regulated by several signaling pathways,such as estrogen receptors(ERs),HER2,and Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathways,which control stem cell proliferation,cell death,cell differentiation,and cell motility.Furthermore,emerging evidence indicates that epigenetic regulations and noncoding RNAs may play important roles in breast cancer development and may contribute to the heterogeneity and metastatic aspects of breast cancer,especially for triple-negative breast cancer.This review provides a comprehensive survey of the molecular,cellular and genetic aspects of breast cancer.
基金supported in part by research grants from the National Institutes of Health(CA226303 to TCH)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1000803 and 2011CB707906 to TCH)the Natural Science Foundation of China(#30670811,#31171243,and#31420103915 to GR)。
文摘As the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide,breast cancer poses a formidable public health challenge on a global scale.Breast cancer consists of a group of biologically and molecularly heterogeneous diseases originated from the breast.While the risk factors associated with this cancer varies with respect to other cancers,genetic predisposition,most notably mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene,is an important causative factor for this malignancy.Breast cancers can begin in different areas of the breast,such as the ducts,the lobules,or the tissue in between.Within the large group of diverse breast carcinomas,there are various denoted types of breast cancer based on their invasiveness relative to the primary tumor sites.It is important to distinguish between the various subtypes because they have different prognoses and treatment implications.As there are remarkable parallels between normal development and breast cancer progression at the molecular level,it has been postulated that breast cancer may be derived from mammary cancer stem cells.Normal breast development and mammary stem cells are regulated by several signaling pathways,such as estrogen receptors(ERs),HER2,and Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathways,which control stem cell proliferation,cell death,cell differentiation,and cell motility.Furthermore,emerging evidence indicates that epigenetic regulations and noncoding RNAs may play important roles in breast cancer development and may contribute to the heterogeneity and metastatic aspects of breast cancer,especially for triple-negative breast cancer.This review provides a comprehensive survey of the molecular,cellular and genetic aspects of breast cancer.
文摘Background:Using native wildflowers for restoring marginal lands has gained considerable popularity.Establishment of wildflowers can be challenging due to several environmental factors.Restoring the microbial community in degraded habitats can potentially result in the native plant performance and habitat restoration.This study was conducted to investigate the impact of native soil microbes and seeding depth on germination of south Texas native wildflowers.Two wildflower species,Ratibida columnifera(Nutt.)(Mexican Hat)and Verbesina encelioides(Cav.)(cowpen daisy),were treated with microbial wash extracted from native soils,and germination rate was recorded for 14-day period.We further analyzed the growth,biomass allocation,and root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi in these two plants growing them in a plant growth chamber for 6 weeks.To determine the impact of seeding depth,we planted the seeds of the two plant species at 2-cm,6-cm,and 12-cm depth and monitored germination and plant growth.Results:The two species responded differently to the seeding depth and microbial wash treatments.Microbial wash treatment resulted in higher germination rate in R.columnifera compared to control,while it did not have any impact on V.encelioides seed germination.While microbial treatment did not influence the total biomass,it had a significant impact on the biomass allocation in both the plant species.R.columnifera seeds germinated at both 2-cm and 6-cm depth and did not germinate at 12 cm,while the V.encelioides seeds germinated only at 2 cm and did not germinate at 6-cm or 12-cm seeding depth.Conclusions:While our results are species specific,our results indicate that native soil microbes can potentially improve the seed germination and growth of wildflowers.Our results also indicate the importance of specific seeding depth when sowing wildflower seeds for habitat restoration.
基金The contributing authors’laboratories were supported in part by research grants from the National Institutes of Health(CA226303,DE020140 to TCH and RRR)the U.S.Department of Defense(OR130096 to JMW)+4 种基金the Chicago Biomedical Consortium with support from the Searle Funds at The Chicago Community Trust(R.R.R.,T.C.H.,and G.A.A.)the Scoliosis Research Society(TCH and MJL),and the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1000803 and 2011CB707906).This project was also supported in part by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health through Grant Number UL1 TR000430.EC was supported by the Summer Research Program of The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine.TCH was also supported by the Mabel Green Myers Research Endowment Fund and The University of Chicago Orthopaedic Alumni Fund.Funding sources were not involved in the study designin the collection,analysis and interpretation of datain the writing of the reportand in the decision to submit the paper for publication.
文摘With the significant financial burden of chronic cutaneous wounds on the healthcare system,not to the personal burden mention on those individuals afflicted,it has become increasingly essential to improve our clinical treatments.This requires the translation of the most recent benchtop approaches to clinical wound repair as our current treatment modalities have proven insufficient.The most promising potential treatment options rely on stem cellbased therapies.Stem cell proliferation and signaling play crucial roles in every phase of the wound healing process and chronic wounds are often associated with impaired stem cell function.Clinical approaches involving stem cells could thus be utilized in some cases to improve a body’s inhibited healing capacity.We aim to present the laboratory research behind the mechanisms and effects of this technology as well as current clinical trials which showcase their therapeutic potential.Given the current problems and complications presented by chronic wounds,we hope to show that developing the clinical applications of stem cell therapies is the rational next step in improving wound care.
文摘This paper presents a novel concept for designing solar-absorbing metamaterial microcapsules of phase change materials(PCMs)integrated with thermo-regulating smart textiles intended for coats or garments,especially for wear in space or cold weather on earth.The metamaterial is a periodically nanostructured metal-dielectric-metal thin film and can acquire surface plasmons to trap or absorb solar energy at subwavelength scales.This kind of metamaterial microencapsulation is not only able to take advantage of latent heat that can be stored or released from the PCMs over a tunable temperature range,but also has other advantages over conventional polymer microencapsulation of PCMs,such as enhanced thermal conductivity,improved flame-retardant capabilities,and usage as an extra solar power resource.The thermal analysis for this kind of microencapsulation has been done and can be used as a guideline for designing integrated thermo-regulating smart textiles in the future.These metamaterial microcapsules may open up new routes to enhancing thermo-regulating textiles with novel properties and added value.
