Peri-implantitis is a bacterial infection that causes soft tissue inflammatory lesions and alveolar bone resorption,ultimately resulting in implant failure.Dental implants for clinical use barely have antibacterial pr...Peri-implantitis is a bacterial infection that causes soft tissue inflammatory lesions and alveolar bone resorption,ultimately resulting in implant failure.Dental implants for clinical use barely have antibacterial properties,and bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on the dental implants are major causes of peri-implantitis.Treatment strategies such as mechanical debridement and antibiotic therapy have been used to remove dental plaque.However,it is particularly important to prevent the occurrence of peri-implantitis rather than treatment.Therefore,the current research spot has focused on improving the antibacterial properties of dental implants,such as the construction of specific micro-nano surface texture,the introduction of diverse functional coatings,or the application of materials with intrinsic antibacterial properties.The aforementioned antibacterial surfaces can be incorporated with bioactive molecules,metallic nanoparticles,or other functional components to further enhance the osteogenic properties and accelerate the healing process.In this review,we summarize the recent developments in biomaterial science and the modification strategies applied to dental implants to inhibit biofilm formation and facilitate bone-implant integration.Furthermore,we summarized the obstacles existing in the process of laboratory research to reach the clinic products,and propose corresponding directions for future developments and research perspectives,so that to provide insights into the rational design and construction of dental implants with the aim to balance antibacterial efficacy,biological safety,and osteogenic property.展开更多
Intelligent refractory materials represent a new generation of high-temperature functional materials that significantly enhance the service performance of traditional refractories in extreme environments through integ...Intelligent refractory materials represent a new generation of high-temperature functional materials that significantly enhance the service performance of traditional refractories in extreme environments through integrated sensing,response,and adaptive mechanisms.A comprehensive overview of intelligent refractory materials was provided,focusing on their classification,preparation techniques,and industrial applications.Firstly,the categories and design principles of intelligent refractory materials are introduced,including self-healing,self-regulating,and self-diagnosing types,which enhance durability and performance under extreme conditions.Subsequently,advanced preparation technologies are discussed,such as 3D printing for complex geometries,nanocomposite engineering for improved mechanical and thermal properties,gradient design for optimized thermal stress resistance and information technology including machine learning,health monitoring,digital twin.Finally,the industrial applications of these materials are highlighted,particularly in steel metallurgy,building materials industry,and energy.It aims to bridge the gap between research advancements and practical implementation,offering insights into future trends in intelligent refractory material development.展开更多
Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement ...Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement fails to reconcile ecological responsibility with advanced functional performance.By incorporating tailored fillers into cement matrices,the resulting composites achieve enhanced thermoelectric(TE)conversion capabilities.These materials can harness solar radiation from building envelopes and recover waste heat from indoor thermal gradients,facilitating bidirectional energy conversion.This review offers a comprehensive and timely overview of cementbased thermoelectric materials(CTEMs),integrating material design,device fabrication,and diverse applications into a holistic perspective.It summarizes recent advancements in TE performance enhancement,encompassing fillers optimization and matrices innovation.Additionally,the review consolidates fabrication strategies and performance evaluations of cement-based thermoelectric devices(CTEDs),providing detailed discussions on their roles in monitoring and protection,energy harvesting,and smart building.We also address sustainability,durability,and lifecycle considerations of CTEMs,which are essential for real-world deployment.Finally,we outline future research directions in materials design,device engineering,and scalable manufacturing to foster the practical application of CTEMs in sustainable and intelligent infrastructure.展开更多
In the context of the global energy low-carbon transition,phase change energy storage technology becomes a key technology to solve the problem of intermittent renewable energy.Oriented phase change composites(OCPCMs)r...In the context of the global energy low-carbon transition,phase change energy storage technology becomes a key technology to solve the problem of intermittent renewable energy.Oriented phase change composites(OCPCMs)receive widespread attention in practical energy storage applications due to their unique oriented thermally conductive structure,which achieves significant thermal conductivity enhancement in specific directions while retaining the high energy storage capacity of the phase change components.This review systematically summarizes the overall analysis of OCPCMs from synthesis and preparation to application scenarios in recent years.Herein,we introduce the analysis of the heat transfer mechanism of the materials and explore the advantages of the oriented structure in OCPCMs in the heat transfer behavior from a bionic perspective.We then focus on summarizing and generalizing the methods for preparing OCPCMs,giving suggestions for suitable methods according to different scenarios.Besides,we discuss the application of finite element simulation methods to the monitoring of the thermal management behavior of OCPCMs,and look into the potential future application areas of such materials.Finally,it is hoped that this review will provide guidance for the academic community in developing high-performance OCPCMs.展开更多
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) emitters show great potential in photodynamic therapy(PDT) and bioimaging,leveraging their structural adaptability,efficient reverse intersystem crossing(RISC),robust pho...Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) emitters show great potential in photodynamic therapy(PDT) and bioimaging,leveraging their structural adaptability,efficient reverse intersystem crossing(RISC),robust photosensitizing capability,and high photoluminescence quantum yields(PLQYs).Herein,we developed a new class of donor-acceptor-donor(D-A-D)-type TADF materials by connecting the highly twisted indolizine-benzophenone electron acceptors with a series of electron donors including phenoxazine,phenothiazine and 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine.These materials exhibit enhanced TADF properties,aggregation-induced emission(AIE),alongside high reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation efficiency,effectively mitigating aggregation-caused quenching observed in traditional fluorophores.Among them,IDP-p-PXZ,incorporating the phenoxazine donor,stands out with the smallest singlet-triplet splitting energy(ΔE_(ST)) and the highest spin-orbit coupling matrix elements(SOCMEs).Upon encapsulation into 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000](DSPE-PEG2000) nanoparticles(NPs),IDP-p-PXZ demonstrates extended delayed fluorescence lifetimes in air,an exceptionally fast intersystem crossing(ISC) rate constant(k_(ISC)) of 3.4×10^(7)s^(-1),and a radiative rate constant(k_(r)) of 5.05×10^(6)s^(-1).These NPs exhibit superior biocompatibility,efficient cellular internalization,and potent ROS production,enabling effective simultaneous PDT and confocal fluorescence imaging in HeLa cells.展开更多
Azobenzene-based polymer actuators show great promise for photoactuation owing to their unique photoisomerization behavior and tailorable molecular programmability.However,conventional systems are limited by inadequat...Azobenzene-based polymer actuators show great promise for photoactuation owing to their unique photoisomerization behavior and tailorable molecular programmability.However,conventional systems are limited by inadequate mechanical robustness,self-healing,and recyclability,hindering their practical implementation.Herein,we present a high-performance azobenzene-functionalized polyurethane(AzoPU)elastomer actuator designed via molecular engineering of photoactive azobenzene moieties and dynamic disulfide bonds.AzoPU exhibits exceptional mechanical properties with retained performance after multiple reshaping cycles,enabled by well-engineered hard-soft segments and synergistic stress dissipation from weak covalent bonds/hierarchical hydrogen bonds.It achieves over 93%self-healing efficiency at room temperature owing to the synergistic interplay of disulfide bonds in the polymer backbone and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.Furthermore,it demonstrates remarkable light-triggered actuation behavior,achieving a phototropic bending angle exceeding 180°toward the light source within 45 s.To showcase its practical potential,proof-of-concept photoactuated devices with flower-,hook-,and gripper-like and local-orientation processed strip-shaped structures were fabricated,which exhibited rapid and reversible light-triggered deformation.This study proposes a novel strategy for the development of intelligent polymeric materials that integrate light responsiveness,self-healing,and recyclability,thus holding great promise for applications in flexible electronics,smart actuators,and sustainable functional materials.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)-printedgraphene aerogels hold promise for electromagneticwave absorption(EWA)engineering due to itsultralow density,outstanding electromagnetic dissipationwith the flexibility and precision of ma...Three-dimensional(3D)-printedgraphene aerogels hold promise for electromagneticwave absorption(EWA)engineering due to itsultralow density,outstanding electromagnetic dissipationwith the flexibility and precision of manufacturingstrategies.However,their high conductivitycauses severe impedance mismatch,limiting EWAperformance.3D printing requirements also constrainthe dielectric properties of printable grapheneinks,hindering the integration of high-performanceabsorbers with advanced manufacturing.This studyproposes a polyacrylic acid(PAA)gel-mediated3D porous graphene oxide(GO)aerogel multiscaleregulation strategy.Precise gel content control enablesdual-gradient tuning of the rheology(Benefitingdirect ink writing(DIW))and dielectric loss(Enhancing EWA)of GO/PAA composites and reduces aerogel density(6.9 mg cm^(-3)from28.2 mg cm^(-3)).Thermal reduction decomposes PAA into amorphous carbon nanoparticles anchored on reduced graphene oxide(rGO),enhancingimpedance matching and absorption via synergistic 0D/2D interfacial polarization and conductive loss.The optimized rGO/PAA aerogelachieves a minimum reflection loss(RL)of-39.86 dB at 2.5 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 8.36 GHz(9.64-18 GHz)at3.2 mm.Combining DIW and this aerogel,we design a metamaterial absorber(MA)with dual material(dielectric loss)and structural gradients.This MA exhibits an ultrawide EAB of 14 GHz(4-18 GHz)with a total thickness of 7.8 mm.This work establishes a coupled design paradigmof“composition-structure-performance,”providing an engineerable solution for developing lightweight,broadband EWA materials.展开更多
To address the inefficient utilization of electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)caused by its high inert content,this study developed a multifunctional solid waste cementitious material by replacing 50-60%of ordinary Por...To address the inefficient utilization of electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)caused by its high inert content,this study developed a multifunctional solid waste cementitious material by replacing 50-60%of ordinary Portland cement(PO 42.5)with wet-ground electrolytic manganese residue(WEMR),wetground granulated blast-furnace slag(WGBFS),and carbide slag(CS).The mechanical properties,hydration characteristics,microstructure,and carbon emissions of the material were systematically investigated with varying WEMR dosages.The experimental results demonstrates that the wet-grinding process significantly refines the particle size and enhances the reactivity of both EMR and GBFS.As the WEMR dosage increases,the 28-day compressive strength initially rise and then declines.Optimal mechanical performance was achieved with 24%WEMR and 6%CS,yielding a 28-day compressive strength of 48.2 MPa.Advanced analytical techniques,including XRD,TG-DTG,SEM,and MIP,were employed to examine the hydration products.The findings reveal that the wet-grinding-alkali-sulfur synergistic activation system in the multi-solid waste cementitious material effectively utilize EMR to generate abundant hydration products such as AFt and C-(A)-S-H.Additionally,the fine particles of WEMR fill the pores in the mortar,further enhancing compressive strength.The cost and carbon emissions of this multifunctional system are only 65.97%and 46.9% of those of PO 42.5,respectively.This study provides a feasible approach for the efficient utilization of EMR,contributing to sustainable construction practices.展开更多
Layered oxides have attracted significant attention as cathodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their compositional versatility and tuneable electrochemical performance.However,these materials still face challeng...Layered oxides have attracted significant attention as cathodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their compositional versatility and tuneable electrochemical performance.However,these materials still face challenges such as structural phase transitions,Na^(+)/vacancy ordering,and Jahn–Teller distortion effect,resulting in severe capacity decay and sluggish ion kinetics.We develop a novel Cu/Y dual-doping strategy that leads to the formation of"Na–Y"interlayer aggregates,which act as structural pillars within alkali metal layers,enhancing structural stability and disrupting the ordered arrangement of Na^(+)/vacancies.This disruption leads to a unique coexistence of ordered and disordered Na^(+)/vacancy states with near-zero strain,which significantly improves Na^(+)diffusion kinetics.This structural innovation not only mitigates the unfavorable P2–O2 phase transition but also facilitates rapid ion transport.As a result,the doped material demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance,including an ultra-long cycle life of 3000 cycles at 10 C and an outstanding high-rate capability of~70 mAh g^(−1)at 50 C.The discovery of this novel interlayer pillar,along with its role in modulating Na^(+)/vacancy arrangements,provides a fresh perspective on engineering layered oxides.It opens up promising new pathways for the structural design of advanced cathode materials toward efficient,stable,and high-rate SIBs.展开更多
We used hydrodynamic simulations and shock wave propagation theories to analyze the behavior of shock waves within Ti/Pt periodically modulated graded structures and their integration layers.The effects of the total n...We used hydrodynamic simulations and shock wave propagation theories to analyze the behavior of shock waves within Ti/Pt periodically modulated graded structures and their integration layers.The effects of the total number of periodic layers,the total thickness of graded materials and loading velocity on the integration layer thickness and behavior of pressure-strain rate were systematically investigated.The results reveal that,by adjusting the total number of periodically modulated layers,the total thickness of graded materials and loading velocity the pressure amplitudes of the reflected compressive and rarefaction waves at different interfaces of Ti/Pt periodically modulated graded materials can be precisely controlled.Furthermore,empirical structural design criteria for Ti/Pt periodically modulated graded materials are established.The thickness ratio variation between adjacent Ti/Pt layers in the periodic structure must exceed 0.32.After the collaborative design of the integration layer,Ti/Pt periodically modulated graded materials can achieve a controllable loading function with pressures ranging from 1.4 to 144 GPa and strain rates from 3.8×10^(4) to 1.7×10^(7) s^(–1).The outcomes of this research provide a theoretical and simulation basis for the optimized design of periodically modulated graded materials to be utilized in ramp compression experiments.展开更多
High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by t...High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by the alloy interface structures.Despite substantial efforts,a comprehensive overview of interface engineering of high-performance alloys has not been presented so far.In this study,the interfaces in high-performance alloys,particularly grain and phase boundaries,were systematically examined,with emphasis on their crystallographic characteristics and chemical element segregations.The effects of the interfaces on the electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,toughness,hydrogen embrittlement resistance,and thermal stability of the alloys were elucidated.Moreover,correlations among various types of interfaces and advanced experimental and computational techniques were examined using big data analytics,enabling robust design strategies.Challenges currently faced in the field of interface engineering and emerging opportunities in the field are also discussed.The study results would guide the development of next-generation high-performance alloys.展开更多
The rapid advancements in computer vision(CV)technology have transformed the traditional approaches to material microstructure analysis.This review outlines the history of CV and explores the applications of deep-lear...The rapid advancements in computer vision(CV)technology have transformed the traditional approaches to material microstructure analysis.This review outlines the history of CV and explores the applications of deep-learning(DL)-driven CV in four key areas of materials science:microstructure-based performance prediction,microstructure information generation,microstructure defect detection,and crystal structure-based property prediction.The CV has significantly reduced the cost of traditional experimental methods used in material performance prediction.Moreover,recent progress made in generating microstructure images and detecting microstructural defects using CV has led to increased efficiency and reliability in material performance assessments.The DL-driven CV models can accelerate the design of new materials with optimized performance by integrating predictions based on both crystal and microstructural data,thereby allowing for the discovery and innovation of next-generation materials.Finally,the review provides insights into the rapid interdisciplinary developments in the field of materials science and future prospects.展开更多
Conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs)are a unique class of organic porous materials characterized byπ-conjugated structures and permanent micropores,distinguishing them from non-porous polymers and conventionalπ-con...Conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs)are a unique class of organic porous materials characterized byπ-conjugated structures and permanent micropores,distinguishing them from non-porous polymers and conventionalπ-conjugated polymers.CMPs offer extensive versatility in synthetic approaches,enabling the synthesis of cross-linked and mesoporous structures.Advances in chemical processes,structural design,and synthesis methodologies have been developed,resulting in a diverse range of CMPs with unique configurations and properties,contributing to the fast expansion of the field.CMPs are particularly notable for their ability to enable the competitive utilization ofπ-conjugated structures within mesoporous configurations,making them valuable for investigations across various domains.They have shown considerable promise in addressing fuel and environmental challenges,demonstrated by their exceptional performance in applications such as vapor adsorption,heterogeneous catalysis,light emission,light harvesting,and energy generation.This review examines the chemical engineering principles underlying CMPs,including synthesis approaches,systemic research advancements,multifunctional investigations boundaries,potential applications,and progress in synthesis,dimensionality,and morphology studies.Specifically,it offers a comparative analysis of CMPs and linear polymeric materials,aiding in the development of functional polymers.Furthermore,this review explores the primary fundamental limitations of CMPs in fuel-related domains and discusses alternative strategies,including novel synthesis methods incorporating interactions and morphologies,to address these challenges.Ultimately,this assessment aims to provide a valuable and inspiring resource for professionals in the field of fuel management,guiding future research and development efforts.展开更多
Soil contaminated with heavy metals is a global health hazard.Nanomaterials,with their unique physical and chemical properties,hold significant potential for the remediation of soil polluted with heavy metals.They eff...Soil contaminated with heavy metals is a global health hazard.Nanomaterials,with their unique physical and chemical properties,hold significant potential for the remediation of soil polluted with heavy metals.They effectively reduce the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals through various mechanisms such as adsorption,precipitation,and oxidation-reduction.This paper provides an in-depth exploration of the cuttingedge applications of various nanomaterials,including nanometallic,nano non-metallic materials,nanoclay and mineral materials,and nano modified biochar materials,in the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.It specifically focuses on the key factors influencing the remediation efficacy of these nanomaterials,as well as the underlying remediation mechanisms and methods for performance optimization.The aims of this paper are to provide guidance for the further application of nanomaterials in the field of soil heavy metal remediation,and to offer insights that could promote the effective control of soil heavy metal pollution.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)offer promising safety and affordability,but suffer from dendritic Zn growth and parasitic side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface.Herein,we construct a dual-region inter...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)offer promising safety and affordability,but suffer from dendritic Zn growth and parasitic side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface.Herein,we construct a dual-region interfacial modulation framework by molecularly reconfiguring the Helmholtz double layer via trace methyl methacrylate(MMA).Exploiting its amphiphilic and functionally asymmetric architecture,MMA enables a coordinated interfacial reconstruction that disrupts Zn^(2+)solvation in the outer Helmholtz plane,builds a chemisorbed coordination layer in the inner plane,and modulates local interfacial chemistry with spatial precision.This dualregion regulation collectively suppresses water reactivity,facilitates Zn^(2+)desolvation,and drives crystallo-graphically preferred deposition along the(101)plane,promoting lateral growth and mitigating dendrite for-mation.As a result,symmetric Zn||Zn cells exhibit over 4200 h of stable cycling at 1 mA cm^(-2) and maintain 1100 h of operation at 2 mA cm^(-2),even at 0℃.Zn||Ti half-cells achieve a Coulombic efficiency of 99.83%,while Zn||NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) full cells deliver 93.92%capacity retention after 400 cycles at 2 A g^(-1),and preserve 85.3%after 300 cycles at 0℃.This work demonstrates a scalable,mechanism-driven electrolyte design paradigm for dendrite-free and high-performance aqueous Zn metal batteries.展开更多
With the escalating demand for safe,sustainable,and high-performance energy storage systems,hydrogel electrolytes have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional liquid electrolytes in zinc-ion batteries.By int...With the escalating demand for safe,sustainable,and high-performance energy storage systems,hydrogel electrolytes have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional liquid electrolytes in zinc-ion batteries.By integrating the high ionic conductivity of liquid electrolytes with the mechanical robustness of solid frameworks,hydrogel electrolytes offer distinct advantages in suppressing zinc dendrite formation,enhancing interfacial stability,and enabling reliable operation under extreme environmental conditions.This review systematically summarizes the fundamental characteristics and design criteria of hydrogel electrolytes,including mechanical flexibility,ionic transport capabilities,and environmental adaptability.It further explores various compositional design strategies involving natural polymers,synthetic polymers,and composite systems,as well as the incorporation of electrolyte salts and functional additives.In addition,recent advances in functional optimization,such as anti-freezing properties,self-healing abilities,thermal responsiveness,and biocompatibility,are comprehensively discussed.Finally,the review outlines the current challenges and proposes potential directions for future research.展开更多
The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials off...The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials offer unique advantages in photovoltaics due to their tunable optoelectronic properties,high surface area and efficient charge transport capabilities.This review explores recent progress in photovoltaics incorporating 2D materials,focusing on their application as hole and electron transport layers to optimize bandgap alignment,enhance carrier mobility and improve chemical stability.A comprehensive analysis is presented on perovskite solar cells utilizing 2D materials,with a particular focus on strategies to enhance crystallization,passivate defects and improve overall cell efficiency.Additionally,the application of 2D materials in organic solar cells is examined,particularly for reducing recombination losses and enhancing charge extraction through work function modification.Their impact on dye-sensitized solar cells,including catalytic activity and counter electrode performance,is also explored.Finally,the review outlines key challenges,material limitations and performance metrics,offering insight into the future development of nextgeneration photovoltaic devices encouraged by 2D materials.展开更多
The authors regret for the missing of copyright attributions in the captions of Fig.1(d)and Fig.7 in the original publication.Please note the corrections do not affect the experimental results and conclusions.In the o...The authors regret for the missing of copyright attributions in the captions of Fig.1(d)and Fig.7 in the original publication.Please note the corrections do not affect the experimental results and conclusions.In the originally published article,Fig.1(d)and Fig.7 were adapted from previously published figures in the cited literature.展开更多
In the era of big data,reinforcement learning(RL)has emerged as a powerful data-driven optimization approach in materials science,enabling unprecedented advances in material design and performance improvement.Unlike t...In the era of big data,reinforcement learning(RL)has emerged as a powerful data-driven optimization approach in materials science,enabling unprecedented advances in material design and performance improvement.Unlike traditional trial-and-error and physics-based approaches,RL agents autonomously identify optimal strategies across high-dimensional and dynamic design spaces by iterative interactions with complex environments.This capability makes RL especially effective for target optimization and sequential decision-making in challenging materials science problems.In this review,we present a comprehensive overview of fundamental RL algorithms,including Q-learning,deep Q-networks(DQN),actor-critic methods,and deep deterministic policy gradient(DDPG).Then,the core mechanisms,advantages,limitations,and representative applications of RL in materials discovery,property optimization,process control,and manufacturing are discussed systematically.Lastly,key future research directions and opportunities are outlined.The perspectives presented herein aim to foster interdisciplinary collaboration and drive innovation at the frontier of AI‑driven materials science.展开更多
The School of Materials Science and Engineering at Southeast University is nestled along the scenic Jiulong Lake in Nanjing,south of the Yangtze River and west of the Zhongshan Mountains.As early as 1928,Southeast Uni...The School of Materials Science and Engineering at Southeast University is nestled along the scenic Jiulong Lake in Nanjing,south of the Yangtze River and west of the Zhongshan Mountains.As early as 1928,Southeast University(then known as National Central University)introduced undergraduate majors in engineering materials,as well as casting and forging materials.To advance materials science,the university established the Department of Materials Science and Engineering in December 1984,building upon the foundations of metal materials and heat treatment.Over time,majors such as Civil Engineering Materials from the Civil Engineering Department and Advanced Materials Processing from the Mechanical Engineering Department were integrated into this new department.In 2006,the department evolved into the School of Materials Science and Engineering,and in 2017,its Materials Science discipline was recognized as a“Double First-Class”national initiative.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2412600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52271243,52171233,82370924,82170929)+3 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L212014)the Beijing Nova Program(20230484459)the National Clinical Key Discipline Construction Project(PKUSSNKP-T202103)the Research Foundation of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology(PKSS20230104).
文摘Peri-implantitis is a bacterial infection that causes soft tissue inflammatory lesions and alveolar bone resorption,ultimately resulting in implant failure.Dental implants for clinical use barely have antibacterial properties,and bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on the dental implants are major causes of peri-implantitis.Treatment strategies such as mechanical debridement and antibiotic therapy have been used to remove dental plaque.However,it is particularly important to prevent the occurrence of peri-implantitis rather than treatment.Therefore,the current research spot has focused on improving the antibacterial properties of dental implants,such as the construction of specific micro-nano surface texture,the introduction of diverse functional coatings,or the application of materials with intrinsic antibacterial properties.The aforementioned antibacterial surfaces can be incorporated with bioactive molecules,metallic nanoparticles,or other functional components to further enhance the osteogenic properties and accelerate the healing process.In this review,we summarize the recent developments in biomaterial science and the modification strategies applied to dental implants to inhibit biofilm formation and facilitate bone-implant integration.Furthermore,we summarized the obstacles existing in the process of laboratory research to reach the clinic products,and propose corresponding directions for future developments and research perspectives,so that to provide insights into the rational design and construction of dental implants with the aim to balance antibacterial efficacy,biological safety,and osteogenic property.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-JC-QN-0615)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272027 and 52372034).
文摘Intelligent refractory materials represent a new generation of high-temperature functional materials that significantly enhance the service performance of traditional refractories in extreme environments through integrated sensing,response,and adaptive mechanisms.A comprehensive overview of intelligent refractory materials was provided,focusing on their classification,preparation techniques,and industrial applications.Firstly,the categories and design principles of intelligent refractory materials are introduced,including self-healing,self-regulating,and self-diagnosing types,which enhance durability and performance under extreme conditions.Subsequently,advanced preparation technologies are discussed,such as 3D printing for complex geometries,nanocomposite engineering for improved mechanical and thermal properties,gradient design for optimized thermal stress resistance and information technology including machine learning,health monitoring,digital twin.Finally,the industrial applications of these materials are highlighted,particularly in steel metallurgy,building materials industry,and energy.It aims to bridge the gap between research advancements and practical implementation,offering insights into future trends in intelligent refractory material development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52242305).
文摘Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement fails to reconcile ecological responsibility with advanced functional performance.By incorporating tailored fillers into cement matrices,the resulting composites achieve enhanced thermoelectric(TE)conversion capabilities.These materials can harness solar radiation from building envelopes and recover waste heat from indoor thermal gradients,facilitating bidirectional energy conversion.This review offers a comprehensive and timely overview of cementbased thermoelectric materials(CTEMs),integrating material design,device fabrication,and diverse applications into a holistic perspective.It summarizes recent advancements in TE performance enhancement,encompassing fillers optimization and matrices innovation.Additionally,the review consolidates fabrication strategies and performance evaluations of cement-based thermoelectric devices(CTEDs),providing detailed discussions on their roles in monitoring and protection,energy harvesting,and smart building.We also address sustainability,durability,and lifecycle considerations of CTEMs,which are essential for real-world deployment.Finally,we outline future research directions in materials design,device engineering,and scalable manufacturing to foster the practical application of CTEMs in sustainable and intelligent infrastructure.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-KST-25-001)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.L253029)。
文摘In the context of the global energy low-carbon transition,phase change energy storage technology becomes a key technology to solve the problem of intermittent renewable energy.Oriented phase change composites(OCPCMs)receive widespread attention in practical energy storage applications due to their unique oriented thermally conductive structure,which achieves significant thermal conductivity enhancement in specific directions while retaining the high energy storage capacity of the phase change components.This review systematically summarizes the overall analysis of OCPCMs from synthesis and preparation to application scenarios in recent years.Herein,we introduce the analysis of the heat transfer mechanism of the materials and explore the advantages of the oriented structure in OCPCMs in the heat transfer behavior from a bionic perspective.We then focus on summarizing and generalizing the methods for preparing OCPCMs,giving suggestions for suitable methods according to different scenarios.Besides,we discuss the application of finite element simulation methods to the monitoring of the thermal management behavior of OCPCMs,and look into the potential future application areas of such materials.Finally,it is hoped that this review will provide guidance for the academic community in developing high-performance OCPCMs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22405062)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No.2021A1515110869)+2 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (No.ZDSYS20210623091813040)Innovation Program of Zhanjiang (No.2020LHJH005)Funds for Ph.D.researchers of Guangdong Medical University in 2025 (No.4SG25007G)。
文摘Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) emitters show great potential in photodynamic therapy(PDT) and bioimaging,leveraging their structural adaptability,efficient reverse intersystem crossing(RISC),robust photosensitizing capability,and high photoluminescence quantum yields(PLQYs).Herein,we developed a new class of donor-acceptor-donor(D-A-D)-type TADF materials by connecting the highly twisted indolizine-benzophenone electron acceptors with a series of electron donors including phenoxazine,phenothiazine and 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine.These materials exhibit enhanced TADF properties,aggregation-induced emission(AIE),alongside high reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation efficiency,effectively mitigating aggregation-caused quenching observed in traditional fluorophores.Among them,IDP-p-PXZ,incorporating the phenoxazine donor,stands out with the smallest singlet-triplet splitting energy(ΔE_(ST)) and the highest spin-orbit coupling matrix elements(SOCMEs).Upon encapsulation into 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000](DSPE-PEG2000) nanoparticles(NPs),IDP-p-PXZ demonstrates extended delayed fluorescence lifetimes in air,an exceptionally fast intersystem crossing(ISC) rate constant(k_(ISC)) of 3.4×10^(7)s^(-1),and a radiative rate constant(k_(r)) of 5.05×10^(6)s^(-1).These NPs exhibit superior biocompatibility,efficient cellular internalization,and potent ROS production,enabling effective simultaneous PDT and confocal fluorescence imaging in HeLa cells.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52503154)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.ZR2022MB034 and ZR2025QC512)。
文摘Azobenzene-based polymer actuators show great promise for photoactuation owing to their unique photoisomerization behavior and tailorable molecular programmability.However,conventional systems are limited by inadequate mechanical robustness,self-healing,and recyclability,hindering their practical implementation.Herein,we present a high-performance azobenzene-functionalized polyurethane(AzoPU)elastomer actuator designed via molecular engineering of photoactive azobenzene moieties and dynamic disulfide bonds.AzoPU exhibits exceptional mechanical properties with retained performance after multiple reshaping cycles,enabled by well-engineered hard-soft segments and synergistic stress dissipation from weak covalent bonds/hierarchical hydrogen bonds.It achieves over 93%self-healing efficiency at room temperature owing to the synergistic interplay of disulfide bonds in the polymer backbone and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.Furthermore,it demonstrates remarkable light-triggered actuation behavior,achieving a phototropic bending angle exceeding 180°toward the light source within 45 s.To showcase its practical potential,proof-of-concept photoactuated devices with flower-,hook-,and gripper-like and local-orientation processed strip-shaped structures were fabricated,which exhibited rapid and reversible light-triggered deformation.This study proposes a novel strategy for the development of intelligent polymeric materials that integrate light responsiveness,self-healing,and recyclability,thus holding great promise for applications in flexible electronics,smart actuators,and sustainable functional materials.
基金supported by ZJNSF LZ25E030006Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2024C01157)+2 种基金NSFC under Grant Nos.52473267 and 52401249the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2021YFB3501504Zhejiang University Ningbo“Five in One”Campus Project(K-20213539)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)-printedgraphene aerogels hold promise for electromagneticwave absorption(EWA)engineering due to itsultralow density,outstanding electromagnetic dissipationwith the flexibility and precision of manufacturingstrategies.However,their high conductivitycauses severe impedance mismatch,limiting EWAperformance.3D printing requirements also constrainthe dielectric properties of printable grapheneinks,hindering the integration of high-performanceabsorbers with advanced manufacturing.This studyproposes a polyacrylic acid(PAA)gel-mediated3D porous graphene oxide(GO)aerogel multiscaleregulation strategy.Precise gel content control enablesdual-gradient tuning of the rheology(Benefitingdirect ink writing(DIW))and dielectric loss(Enhancing EWA)of GO/PAA composites and reduces aerogel density(6.9 mg cm^(-3)from28.2 mg cm^(-3)).Thermal reduction decomposes PAA into amorphous carbon nanoparticles anchored on reduced graphene oxide(rGO),enhancingimpedance matching and absorption via synergistic 0D/2D interfacial polarization and conductive loss.The optimized rGO/PAA aerogelachieves a minimum reflection loss(RL)of-39.86 dB at 2.5 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 8.36 GHz(9.64-18 GHz)at3.2 mm.Combining DIW and this aerogel,we design a metamaterial absorber(MA)with dual material(dielectric loss)and structural gradients.This MA exhibits an ultrawide EAB of 14 GHz(4-18 GHz)with a total thickness of 7.8 mm.This work establishes a coupled design paradigmof“composition-structure-performance,”providing an engineerable solution for developing lightweight,broadband EWA materials.
基金Funded by the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program(Nos.GK AB24010020,and GK AB23026071)the Key Project of Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.2025GXNSFDA090046)the Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project(No.GK AD24010062)。
文摘To address the inefficient utilization of electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)caused by its high inert content,this study developed a multifunctional solid waste cementitious material by replacing 50-60%of ordinary Portland cement(PO 42.5)with wet-ground electrolytic manganese residue(WEMR),wetground granulated blast-furnace slag(WGBFS),and carbide slag(CS).The mechanical properties,hydration characteristics,microstructure,and carbon emissions of the material were systematically investigated with varying WEMR dosages.The experimental results demonstrates that the wet-grinding process significantly refines the particle size and enhances the reactivity of both EMR and GBFS.As the WEMR dosage increases,the 28-day compressive strength initially rise and then declines.Optimal mechanical performance was achieved with 24%WEMR and 6%CS,yielding a 28-day compressive strength of 48.2 MPa.Advanced analytical techniques,including XRD,TG-DTG,SEM,and MIP,were employed to examine the hydration products.The findings reveal that the wet-grinding-alkali-sulfur synergistic activation system in the multi-solid waste cementitious material effectively utilize EMR to generate abundant hydration products such as AFt and C-(A)-S-H.Additionally,the fine particles of WEMR fill the pores in the mortar,further enhancing compressive strength.The cost and carbon emissions of this multifunctional system are only 65.97%and 46.9% of those of PO 42.5,respectively.This study provides a feasible approach for the efficient utilization of EMR,contributing to sustainable construction practices.
基金supported by the “Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” R&D Program of Zhejiang Province of China (No. 2024C01056)the support from London South Bank University
文摘Layered oxides have attracted significant attention as cathodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their compositional versatility and tuneable electrochemical performance.However,these materials still face challenges such as structural phase transitions,Na^(+)/vacancy ordering,and Jahn–Teller distortion effect,resulting in severe capacity decay and sluggish ion kinetics.We develop a novel Cu/Y dual-doping strategy that leads to the formation of"Na–Y"interlayer aggregates,which act as structural pillars within alkali metal layers,enhancing structural stability and disrupting the ordered arrangement of Na^(+)/vacancies.This disruption leads to a unique coexistence of ordered and disordered Na^(+)/vacancy states with near-zero strain,which significantly improves Na^(+)diffusion kinetics.This structural innovation not only mitigates the unfavorable P2–O2 phase transition but also facilitates rapid ion transport.As a result,the doped material demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance,including an ultra-long cycle life of 3000 cycles at 10 C and an outstanding high-rate capability of~70 mAh g^(−1)at 50 C.The discovery of this novel interlayer pillar,along with its role in modulating Na^(+)/vacancy arrangements,provides a fresh perspective on engineering layered oxides.It opens up promising new pathways for the structural design of advanced cathode materials toward efficient,stable,and high-rate SIBs.
基金Funded by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(No.2021B0301030001)the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics(No.JCKYS2022212004)。
文摘We used hydrodynamic simulations and shock wave propagation theories to analyze the behavior of shock waves within Ti/Pt periodically modulated graded structures and their integration layers.The effects of the total number of periodic layers,the total thickness of graded materials and loading velocity on the integration layer thickness and behavior of pressure-strain rate were systematically investigated.The results reveal that,by adjusting the total number of periodically modulated layers,the total thickness of graded materials and loading velocity the pressure amplitudes of the reflected compressive and rarefaction waves at different interfaces of Ti/Pt periodically modulated graded materials can be precisely controlled.Furthermore,empirical structural design criteria for Ti/Pt periodically modulated graded materials are established.The thickness ratio variation between adjacent Ti/Pt layers in the periodic structure must exceed 0.32.After the collaborative design of the integration layer,Ti/Pt periodically modulated graded materials can achieve a controllable loading function with pressures ranging from 1.4 to 144 GPa and strain rates from 3.8×10^(4) to 1.7×10^(7) s^(–1).The outcomes of this research provide a theoretical and simulation basis for the optimized design of periodically modulated graded materials to be utilized in ramp compression experiments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52122408 and 52474397)the High-level Talent Research Start-up Project Funding of Henan Academy of Sciences(No.242017127)+1 种基金the financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB),Nos.FRF-TP-2021-04C1 and 06500135)supported by USTB MatCom of Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering。
文摘High-performance alloys are indispensable in modern engineering because of their exceptional strength,ductility,corrosion resistance,fatigue resistance,and thermal stability,which are all significantly influenced by the alloy interface structures.Despite substantial efforts,a comprehensive overview of interface engineering of high-performance alloys has not been presented so far.In this study,the interfaces in high-performance alloys,particularly grain and phase boundaries,were systematically examined,with emphasis on their crystallographic characteristics and chemical element segregations.The effects of the interfaces on the electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,toughness,hydrogen embrittlement resistance,and thermal stability of the alloys were elucidated.Moreover,correlations among various types of interfaces and advanced experimental and computational techniques were examined using big data analytics,enabling robust design strategies.Challenges currently faced in the field of interface engineering and emerging opportunities in the field are also discussed.The study results would guide the development of next-generation high-performance alloys.
基金financially supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(No.52025041)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52450003,U2341267,and 52174294)+1 种基金the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents,China(No.BX20240437)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.FRF-IDRY-23-037 and FRF-TP-20-02C2)。
文摘The rapid advancements in computer vision(CV)technology have transformed the traditional approaches to material microstructure analysis.This review outlines the history of CV and explores the applications of deep-learning(DL)-driven CV in four key areas of materials science:microstructure-based performance prediction,microstructure information generation,microstructure defect detection,and crystal structure-based property prediction.The CV has significantly reduced the cost of traditional experimental methods used in material performance prediction.Moreover,recent progress made in generating microstructure images and detecting microstructural defects using CV has led to increased efficiency and reliability in material performance assessments.The DL-driven CV models can accelerate the design of new materials with optimized performance by integrating predictions based on both crystal and microstructural data,thereby allowing for the discovery and innovation of next-generation materials.Finally,the review provides insights into the rapid interdisciplinary developments in the field of materials science and future prospects.
基金supported by the King Khalid University,Abha,Saudi Arabiathe Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Groups Project under grant number(R.G.P.2/335/46)the Guangdong Office of Research Projects at the Provincial University(No.2024KCXTD064)。
文摘Conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs)are a unique class of organic porous materials characterized byπ-conjugated structures and permanent micropores,distinguishing them from non-porous polymers and conventionalπ-conjugated polymers.CMPs offer extensive versatility in synthetic approaches,enabling the synthesis of cross-linked and mesoporous structures.Advances in chemical processes,structural design,and synthesis methodologies have been developed,resulting in a diverse range of CMPs with unique configurations and properties,contributing to the fast expansion of the field.CMPs are particularly notable for their ability to enable the competitive utilization ofπ-conjugated structures within mesoporous configurations,making them valuable for investigations across various domains.They have shown considerable promise in addressing fuel and environmental challenges,demonstrated by their exceptional performance in applications such as vapor adsorption,heterogeneous catalysis,light emission,light harvesting,and energy generation.This review examines the chemical engineering principles underlying CMPs,including synthesis approaches,systemic research advancements,multifunctional investigations boundaries,potential applications,and progress in synthesis,dimensionality,and morphology studies.Specifically,it offers a comparative analysis of CMPs and linear polymeric materials,aiding in the development of functional polymers.Furthermore,this review explores the primary fundamental limitations of CMPs in fuel-related domains and discusses alternative strategies,including novel synthesis methods incorporating interactions and morphologies,to address these challenges.Ultimately,this assessment aims to provide a valuable and inspiring resource for professionals in the field of fuel management,guiding future research and development efforts.
基金the Natural Science Research Initiation Fund Project of China West Normal University(No.23KE001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42407186,42277033,and 42171045)+1 种基金the Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province(No.202401AT070304)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(No.Y2024QC28)for their financial support。
文摘Soil contaminated with heavy metals is a global health hazard.Nanomaterials,with their unique physical and chemical properties,hold significant potential for the remediation of soil polluted with heavy metals.They effectively reduce the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals through various mechanisms such as adsorption,precipitation,and oxidation-reduction.This paper provides an in-depth exploration of the cuttingedge applications of various nanomaterials,including nanometallic,nano non-metallic materials,nanoclay and mineral materials,and nano modified biochar materials,in the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.It specifically focuses on the key factors influencing the remediation efficacy of these nanomaterials,as well as the underlying remediation mechanisms and methods for performance optimization.The aims of this paper are to provide guidance for the further application of nanomaterials in the field of soil heavy metal remediation,and to offer insights that could promote the effective control of soil heavy metal pollution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52125405 and U22A20108)Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund Chulalongkorn University,National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)and Chulalongkorn University(N42A660383).D.D.Zhang would like to thank the financial support from the Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department of China(No.JYTQN2023289)+3 种基金Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Joint Plan(Fund)Project(No.2023-BSBA-259)and the opening project of State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology,Yanshan University(No.202404).J.Cao would like to acknowledge the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52402279)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Special Funding(Grant Nos.2025T180002,2024M751753)the opening project of State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology(Yanshan University)(No.202401).
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)offer promising safety and affordability,but suffer from dendritic Zn growth and parasitic side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface.Herein,we construct a dual-region interfacial modulation framework by molecularly reconfiguring the Helmholtz double layer via trace methyl methacrylate(MMA).Exploiting its amphiphilic and functionally asymmetric architecture,MMA enables a coordinated interfacial reconstruction that disrupts Zn^(2+)solvation in the outer Helmholtz plane,builds a chemisorbed coordination layer in the inner plane,and modulates local interfacial chemistry with spatial precision.This dualregion regulation collectively suppresses water reactivity,facilitates Zn^(2+)desolvation,and drives crystallo-graphically preferred deposition along the(101)plane,promoting lateral growth and mitigating dendrite for-mation.As a result,symmetric Zn||Zn cells exhibit over 4200 h of stable cycling at 1 mA cm^(-2) and maintain 1100 h of operation at 2 mA cm^(-2),even at 0℃.Zn||Ti half-cells achieve a Coulombic efficiency of 99.83%,while Zn||NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) full cells deliver 93.92%capacity retention after 400 cycles at 2 A g^(-1),and preserve 85.3%after 300 cycles at 0℃.This work demonstrates a scalable,mechanism-driven electrolyte design paradigm for dendrite-free and high-performance aqueous Zn metal batteries.
基金financially supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic Research(No.2023B0303000002)Shenzhen Science and Technology Plan Project(No.SGDX20230116091644003)+3 种基金Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage(No.ZDSYS20220401141000001)high-level special funds(No.G03034K001)the Guangxi Key Technologies R&D Program(AB23075171,AB25069180)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22265007,52263016)。
文摘With the escalating demand for safe,sustainable,and high-performance energy storage systems,hydrogel electrolytes have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional liquid electrolytes in zinc-ion batteries.By integrating the high ionic conductivity of liquid electrolytes with the mechanical robustness of solid frameworks,hydrogel electrolytes offer distinct advantages in suppressing zinc dendrite formation,enhancing interfacial stability,and enabling reliable operation under extreme environmental conditions.This review systematically summarizes the fundamental characteristics and design criteria of hydrogel electrolytes,including mechanical flexibility,ionic transport capabilities,and environmental adaptability.It further explores various compositional design strategies involving natural polymers,synthetic polymers,and composite systems,as well as the incorporation of electrolyte salts and functional additives.In addition,recent advances in functional optimization,such as anti-freezing properties,self-healing abilities,thermal responsiveness,and biocompatibility,are comprehensively discussed.Finally,the review outlines the current challenges and proposes potential directions for future research.
基金supported by the IITP(Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation)-ITRC(Information Technology Research Center) grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT) (IITP-2025-RS-2024-00437191, and RS-2025-02303505)partly supported by the Korea Basic Science Institute (National Research Facilities and Equipment Center) grant funded by the Ministry of Education. (No. 2022R1A6C101A774)the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, through Large Research Project under grant number RGP-2/527/46
文摘The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials offer unique advantages in photovoltaics due to their tunable optoelectronic properties,high surface area and efficient charge transport capabilities.This review explores recent progress in photovoltaics incorporating 2D materials,focusing on their application as hole and electron transport layers to optimize bandgap alignment,enhance carrier mobility and improve chemical stability.A comprehensive analysis is presented on perovskite solar cells utilizing 2D materials,with a particular focus on strategies to enhance crystallization,passivate defects and improve overall cell efficiency.Additionally,the application of 2D materials in organic solar cells is examined,particularly for reducing recombination losses and enhancing charge extraction through work function modification.Their impact on dye-sensitized solar cells,including catalytic activity and counter electrode performance,is also explored.Finally,the review outlines key challenges,material limitations and performance metrics,offering insight into the future development of nextgeneration photovoltaic devices encouraged by 2D materials.
文摘The authors regret for the missing of copyright attributions in the captions of Fig.1(d)and Fig.7 in the original publication.Please note the corrections do not affect the experimental results and conclusions.In the originally published article,Fig.1(d)and Fig.7 were adapted from previously published figures in the cited literature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52571028,52301029)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.06500165)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515140006)the AVIC Heavy Machinery Innovation Fund(ZJQT-2025-06)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2023QNRC001).
文摘In the era of big data,reinforcement learning(RL)has emerged as a powerful data-driven optimization approach in materials science,enabling unprecedented advances in material design and performance improvement.Unlike traditional trial-and-error and physics-based approaches,RL agents autonomously identify optimal strategies across high-dimensional and dynamic design spaces by iterative interactions with complex environments.This capability makes RL especially effective for target optimization and sequential decision-making in challenging materials science problems.In this review,we present a comprehensive overview of fundamental RL algorithms,including Q-learning,deep Q-networks(DQN),actor-critic methods,and deep deterministic policy gradient(DDPG).Then,the core mechanisms,advantages,limitations,and representative applications of RL in materials discovery,property optimization,process control,and manufacturing are discussed systematically.Lastly,key future research directions and opportunities are outlined.The perspectives presented herein aim to foster interdisciplinary collaboration and drive innovation at the frontier of AI‑driven materials science.
文摘The School of Materials Science and Engineering at Southeast University is nestled along the scenic Jiulong Lake in Nanjing,south of the Yangtze River and west of the Zhongshan Mountains.As early as 1928,Southeast University(then known as National Central University)introduced undergraduate majors in engineering materials,as well as casting and forging materials.To advance materials science,the university established the Department of Materials Science and Engineering in December 1984,building upon the foundations of metal materials and heat treatment.Over time,majors such as Civil Engineering Materials from the Civil Engineering Department and Advanced Materials Processing from the Mechanical Engineering Department were integrated into this new department.In 2006,the department evolved into the School of Materials Science and Engineering,and in 2017,its Materials Science discipline was recognized as a“Double First-Class”national initiative.
