In the past decades,ion conductive polymers and elastomers have drawn worldwide attention for their advanced functions in batteries,electroactive soft robotics,and sensors.Stretchable ionic elastomers with dispersed s...In the past decades,ion conductive polymers and elastomers have drawn worldwide attention for their advanced functions in batteries,electroactive soft robotics,and sensors.Stretchable ionic elastomers with dispersed soft ionic moieties such as ionic liquids have gained remarkable attention as soft sensors,in applications such as the wearable devices that are often called electric skins.A considerable amount of research has been done on ionic-elastomer-based strain,pressure,and shear sensors;however,to the best of our knowledge,this research has not yet been reviewed.In this review,we summarize the materials and performance properties of engineered ionic elastomer actuators and sensors.First,we review three classes of ionic elastomer actuators—namely,ionic polymer metal composites,ionic conducting polymers,and ionic polymer/carbon nanocomposites—and provide perspectives for future actuators,such as adaptive four-dimensional(4D)printed systems and ionic liquid crystal elastomers(iLCEs).Next,we review the state of the art of ionic elastomeric strain and pressure sensors.We also discuss future wearable strain sensors for biomechanical applications and sports performance tracking.Finally,we present the preliminary results of iLCE sensors based on flexoelectric signals and their amplification by integrating them with organic electrochemical transistors.展开更多
Modulating healing factors could avoid or minimize some possible pathological processes in collagen deposition. The present study was aimed to evaluated the role of active biomolecules such as PDGF-BB and PRP loaded o...Modulating healing factors could avoid or minimize some possible pathological processes in collagen deposition. The present study was aimed to evaluated the role of active biomolecules such as PDGF-BB and PRP loaded or not into polymeric biomaterial to seek potential mediators in types I and III collagen deposition and epithelization. The healing phases were investigated by using an in vivo full-thickness wound rat model. At zero, 3<sup>rd</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup> and 14<sup>th</sup> days after the experimental model, the size of the wound areas was photographed. The nanofibrous materials were biocompatible and did not cause any local adverse reaction and/or inflammation. On day 14 the wounds had healed almost 100% with better signs of healing, however there was no obvious difference in the wound contraction rates. At the end of 14 days, samples from the center of the lesion were collected when histological features and immunopositivity for collagen I and III expressions were assessed. There was no significant difference in the epithelization among the groups. Wounds treated with PRP and with PA-6/SOMA plus PDGF-BB had significantly lower amounts of type III collagen. The amounts of type I collagen did not have a statistically different deposition among the experimental groups. The association of PDGF-BB with PA-6/SOMA emerges as an alternative for topical application to unfavorable anatomical sites, suggesting that these associations may have a positive modulation on the process of accelerated healing remodeling.展开更多
As future soft robotic devices necessitate a level of complexity surpassing current standards,a new design approach is needed that integrates multiple systems necessary to synchronize the motions of soft actuators and...As future soft robotic devices necessitate a level of complexity surpassing current standards,a new design approach is needed that integrates multiple systems necessary to synchronize the motions of soft actuators and the response of signals,thereby enhancing the intelligence of flexible devices.Herein,we propose a liquid crystal elastomer unit cell-based platform that organizes the cells in a group to create expandable functions.One unit cell behaves like a flexible module that can expand biaxially into a specific,stable,and controllable pattern.Collaborating the unit cells in different manners results in an adaptable soft grasper,a half-adder for information processing,and a tunable phononic bandgap.This implies a high level of reconfigurability and scalability in both structures and functions by elegantly reassembling the unit cells.This design strategy has the potential to integrate multiple functions that traditional soft actuators cannot accommodate,providing a platform for developing intelligent soft robotics.展开更多
The microenvironment of immunosuppression and low immunogenicity of tumor cells has led to unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of the currently developed nanoplatforms.Immunogenic cell death,such as pyroptosis and ferr...The microenvironment of immunosuppression and low immunogenicity of tumor cells has led to unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of the currently developed nanoplatforms.Immunogenic cell death,such as pyroptosis and ferroptosis,can efficiently boost antitumor immunity.However,the exploration of nanoplatform for dual function inducers and combined immune activators that simultaneously trigger pyroptosis and ferroptosis remains limited.Herein,a multifunctional pH-responsive theranostic nanoplatform(M@P)is designed and constructed by self-assembly of aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer MTCN-3 and immunoadjuvant Poly(l:C),which are further encapsulated in amphiphilic polymers.This nanoplatform is found to have the characteristics of cancer cell targeting,pH response,near-infrared fluorescence imaging,and lysosome targeting.Therefore,after targeting lysosomes,M@P can cause lysosome dysfunction through the generation of reactive oxygen species and heat under light irradiation,triggering pyroptosis and ferroptosis of tumor cells,achieving immunogenic cell death,and further enhancing immunotherapy through the combined effect with the immunoadjuvant Poly(I:C).The anti-tumor immunotherapy effect of M@P has been further demonstrated in in vivo antitumor experiment of 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model with poor immunogenicity.This research would provide an impetus as well as a novel strategy for dual function inducers and combined immune activators enhanced photoimmunotherapy.展开更多
Polymer-based circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)materials with the advantage of diversified structure,easy fabrication,high thermal stability,and tunable properties have garnered considerable attention.However,ade...Polymer-based circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)materials with the advantage of diversified structure,easy fabrication,high thermal stability,and tunable properties have garnered considerable attention.However,adequate and precise tuning over CPL in polymer-based materials remains challenging due to the difficulty in regulating chiral structures.Herein,visualized full-color CPL is achieved by doping red,green,and blue quantum dots(QDs)into reconfigurable blue phase liquid crystal elastomers(BPLCEs).In contrast to the CPL signal observed in cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers(CLCEs),the chiral 3D cubic superstructure of BPLCEs induces an opposite CPL signal.Notably,this effect is entirely independent of photonic bandgaps(PBGs)and results in a high glum value,even without matching between PBGs and the emission bands of QDs.Meanwhile,the lattice structure of the BPLCEs can be reversibly switched via mechanical stretching force,inducing on-off switching of the CPL signals,and these variations can be further fixed using dynamic disulfide bonds in the BPLCEs.Moreover,the smart polymer-based CPL systems using the BPLCEs for anti-counterfeiting and information encryption have been demonstrated,suggesting the great potential of the BPLCEs-based CPL active materials.展开更多
Pseudomonas sp.has been considered one of the most promising microbial platform strains due to its versatile metabolism,enabling the valorization of waste materials into value-added chemical products.As the native pro...Pseudomonas sp.has been considered one of the most promising microbial platform strains due to its versatile metabolism,enabling the valorization of waste materials into value-added chemical products.As the native producer of polyhydroxyal-kanoates(PHAs),the biodegradable biopolyesters,it has been widely engineered by various metabolic engineering tools for the production of PHAs composed of short-chain-length and medium-chain-length monomers with adjustable composition from diverse carbon sources,ranging from pure sugars to crude oils and fatty acids.This review discusses the feasibility of Pseudomonas sp.as the industrial host strain and the recent advances regarding the systems metabolic engineering strategies for PHAs production in Pseudomonas sp.展开更多
Understanding the precise molecular arrangement of chiral supramolecular polymers is essential not only to comprehend complex superstructures like proteins and DNA but also for the development of next-generation optoe...Understanding the precise molecular arrangement of chiral supramolecular polymers is essential not only to comprehend complex superstructures like proteins and DNA but also for the development of next-generation optoelectronic materials,including materials displaying high-performance circularly polarized luminescence(CPL).Herein,we report the first chiral supramolecular polymer systems based on hydrazone–pyridinium conjugates comprising alkyl chains of different lengths,which afforded control of the apparent supramolecular chirality.Although supramolecular chirality is governed basically by the remote chiral centers of alkyl chains,helicity inversion was achieved by controlling the conditions under which the hydrazone building blocks underwent aggregation(i.e.,solvent compositions or temperature).More importantly,the addition of water to the system led to aggregationinduced hydrazone deprotonation,which resulted in a completely different selfassembly behavior.Structural water molecules played an essential role,forming the assembly’s channel-like backbone,around which hydrazone molecules gathered as a result of hydrogen bonding interactions.Further co-assembly of an achiral hydrazone luminophore with the given supramolecular polymer system allowed the fabrication of a novel CPL-active hydrazone-based material exhibiting a high maximum value for the photoluminescence dissymmetry factor of -2.6×10^(-2).展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Science Foundation(DMR-1904167).
文摘In the past decades,ion conductive polymers and elastomers have drawn worldwide attention for their advanced functions in batteries,electroactive soft robotics,and sensors.Stretchable ionic elastomers with dispersed soft ionic moieties such as ionic liquids have gained remarkable attention as soft sensors,in applications such as the wearable devices that are often called electric skins.A considerable amount of research has been done on ionic-elastomer-based strain,pressure,and shear sensors;however,to the best of our knowledge,this research has not yet been reviewed.In this review,we summarize the materials and performance properties of engineered ionic elastomer actuators and sensors.First,we review three classes of ionic elastomer actuators—namely,ionic polymer metal composites,ionic conducting polymers,and ionic polymer/carbon nanocomposites—and provide perspectives for future actuators,such as adaptive four-dimensional(4D)printed systems and ionic liquid crystal elastomers(iLCEs).Next,we review the state of the art of ionic elastomeric strain and pressure sensors.We also discuss future wearable strain sensors for biomechanical applications and sports performance tracking.Finally,we present the preliminary results of iLCE sensors based on flexoelectric signals and their amplification by integrating them with organic electrochemical transistors.
文摘Modulating healing factors could avoid or minimize some possible pathological processes in collagen deposition. The present study was aimed to evaluated the role of active biomolecules such as PDGF-BB and PRP loaded or not into polymeric biomaterial to seek potential mediators in types I and III collagen deposition and epithelization. The healing phases were investigated by using an in vivo full-thickness wound rat model. At zero, 3<sup>rd</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup> and 14<sup>th</sup> days after the experimental model, the size of the wound areas was photographed. The nanofibrous materials were biocompatible and did not cause any local adverse reaction and/or inflammation. On day 14 the wounds had healed almost 100% with better signs of healing, however there was no obvious difference in the wound contraction rates. At the end of 14 days, samples from the center of the lesion were collected when histological features and immunopositivity for collagen I and III expressions were assessed. There was no significant difference in the epithelization among the groups. Wounds treated with PRP and with PA-6/SOMA plus PDGF-BB had significantly lower amounts of type III collagen. The amounts of type I collagen did not have a statistically different deposition among the experimental groups. The association of PDGF-BB with PA-6/SOMA emerges as an alternative for topical application to unfavorable anatomical sites, suggesting that these associations may have a positive modulation on the process of accelerated healing remodeling.
基金financially supported by Jiangsu Innovation Team ProgramFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (52373173and 52003050)the“Zhishan”Scholars Programs of Southeast University。
文摘As future soft robotic devices necessitate a level of complexity surpassing current standards,a new design approach is needed that integrates multiple systems necessary to synchronize the motions of soft actuators and the response of signals,thereby enhancing the intelligence of flexible devices.Herein,we propose a liquid crystal elastomer unit cell-based platform that organizes the cells in a group to create expandable functions.One unit cell behaves like a flexible module that can expand biaxially into a specific,stable,and controllable pattern.Collaborating the unit cells in different manners results in an adaptable soft grasper,a half-adder for information processing,and a tunable phononic bandgap.This implies a high level of reconfigurability and scalability in both structures and functions by elegantly reassembling the unit cells.This design strategy has the potential to integrate multiple functions that traditional soft actuators cannot accommodate,providing a platform for developing intelligent soft robotics.
基金support from the Jiangsu Innovation Team Program and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘The microenvironment of immunosuppression and low immunogenicity of tumor cells has led to unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of the currently developed nanoplatforms.Immunogenic cell death,such as pyroptosis and ferroptosis,can efficiently boost antitumor immunity.However,the exploration of nanoplatform for dual function inducers and combined immune activators that simultaneously trigger pyroptosis and ferroptosis remains limited.Herein,a multifunctional pH-responsive theranostic nanoplatform(M@P)is designed and constructed by self-assembly of aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer MTCN-3 and immunoadjuvant Poly(l:C),which are further encapsulated in amphiphilic polymers.This nanoplatform is found to have the characteristics of cancer cell targeting,pH response,near-infrared fluorescence imaging,and lysosome targeting.Therefore,after targeting lysosomes,M@P can cause lysosome dysfunction through the generation of reactive oxygen species and heat under light irradiation,triggering pyroptosis and ferroptosis of tumor cells,achieving immunogenic cell death,and further enhancing immunotherapy through the combined effect with the immunoadjuvant Poly(I:C).The anti-tumor immunotherapy effect of M@P has been further demonstrated in in vivo antitumor experiment of 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model with poor immunogenicity.This research would provide an impetus as well as a novel strategy for dual function inducers and combined immune activators enhanced photoimmunotherapy.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52073017 and 51773009)。
文摘Polymer-based circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)materials with the advantage of diversified structure,easy fabrication,high thermal stability,and tunable properties have garnered considerable attention.However,adequate and precise tuning over CPL in polymer-based materials remains challenging due to the difficulty in regulating chiral structures.Herein,visualized full-color CPL is achieved by doping red,green,and blue quantum dots(QDs)into reconfigurable blue phase liquid crystal elastomers(BPLCEs).In contrast to the CPL signal observed in cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers(CLCEs),the chiral 3D cubic superstructure of BPLCEs induces an opposite CPL signal.Notably,this effect is entirely independent of photonic bandgaps(PBGs)and results in a high glum value,even without matching between PBGs and the emission bands of QDs.Meanwhile,the lattice structure of the BPLCEs can be reversibly switched via mechanical stretching force,inducing on-off switching of the CPL signals,and these variations can be further fixed using dynamic disulfide bonds in the BPLCEs.Moreover,the smart polymer-based CPL systems using the BPLCEs for anti-counterfeiting and information encryption have been demonstrated,suggesting the great potential of the BPLCEs-based CPL active materials.
基金supported by the Development of synthetic microbial platform systems for one step-one pot synthesis of next-generation biodegradable biopolymers(NRF-2022M3J4A1053696)from National Research Foundation(NRF)supported by the Korean Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)by the Development of next-generation biorefinery platform technologies for leading bio-based chemicals industry project(NRF-2022M3J5A1056072 and NRF-2022M3J5A1056117)from NRF supported by MSIT.
文摘Pseudomonas sp.has been considered one of the most promising microbial platform strains due to its versatile metabolism,enabling the valorization of waste materials into value-added chemical products.As the native producer of polyhydroxyal-kanoates(PHAs),the biodegradable biopolyesters,it has been widely engineered by various metabolic engineering tools for the production of PHAs composed of short-chain-length and medium-chain-length monomers with adjustable composition from diverse carbon sources,ranging from pure sugars to crude oils and fatty acids.This review discusses the feasibility of Pseudomonas sp.as the industrial host strain and the recent advances regarding the systems metabolic engineering strategies for PHAs production in Pseudomonas sp.
基金National Research Foundation of Korea,Grant/Award Number:2012M3A7B4049677Nano Material Development Program,Grant/Award Number:2020R1A6A3A01100092+1 种基金Basic ScienceResearch ProgramInstitute forBasic Science,Grant/Award Number:IBS-R019-D1。
文摘Understanding the precise molecular arrangement of chiral supramolecular polymers is essential not only to comprehend complex superstructures like proteins and DNA but also for the development of next-generation optoelectronic materials,including materials displaying high-performance circularly polarized luminescence(CPL).Herein,we report the first chiral supramolecular polymer systems based on hydrazone–pyridinium conjugates comprising alkyl chains of different lengths,which afforded control of the apparent supramolecular chirality.Although supramolecular chirality is governed basically by the remote chiral centers of alkyl chains,helicity inversion was achieved by controlling the conditions under which the hydrazone building blocks underwent aggregation(i.e.,solvent compositions or temperature).More importantly,the addition of water to the system led to aggregationinduced hydrazone deprotonation,which resulted in a completely different selfassembly behavior.Structural water molecules played an essential role,forming the assembly’s channel-like backbone,around which hydrazone molecules gathered as a result of hydrogen bonding interactions.Further co-assembly of an achiral hydrazone luminophore with the given supramolecular polymer system allowed the fabrication of a novel CPL-active hydrazone-based material exhibiting a high maximum value for the photoluminescence dissymmetry factor of -2.6×10^(-2).
