A novel solid superacid catalyst S2O8^2-/ZrO2-CeO2 was prepared by a coprecipitation method and characterized by means of XRD FTIR, BET, TEM and DSC/TG analysis methods. The results indicated that incorporation of app...A novel solid superacid catalyst S2O8^2-/ZrO2-CeO2 was prepared by a coprecipitation method and characterized by means of XRD FTIR, BET, TEM and DSC/TG analysis methods. The results indicated that incorporation of appropriate amounts of Ce into the catalyst was beneficial to the formation of sole tetragonal ZrO2 and effectively prevented from the formation of monoclinic ZrO〉 and restrained the loss of sulfated species. XRD revealed the presence of tetragonal Ce0.16Zr0.84O2phase in the case of S2O8^2-/ZrO2-CeO2 calcined above 500 ℃. Catalytic activities of S2O8^2-/ZrO2-CeO2 for the esterification of lactic acid with n-butanol was studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows： calcination temperature of the catalyst 600 ℃, n（lactic acid）：n（n-butyl alcohol）=1.0：3.0, w（S2O8^2-/ZrO2- CeO2）=12.0%, reaction temperature 145 ℃, and reaction time 2 h. The esterification efficiency of lactic acid was about 96.6%.展开更多
The paper introduces a microreactor with high thermal insulation properties,which has been developed forintegration with standard planar-type solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)in portable power generation applications.Whil...The paper introduces a microreactor with high thermal insulation properties,which has been developed forintegration with standard planar-type solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)in portable power generation applications.Whileplanar SOFCs offer high efficiency and energy density,their use has been largely limited to stationary applications dueto challenges in thermal management and slow start-up times.Our microreactor overcomes these barriers byproviding an effective thermal insulation system,allowing SOFCs to operate efficiently in a compact,portable format.We designed a cantilevered structure using yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ)to minimize thermal conduction andcombined it with a multilayer insulation(MLI)system to suppress thermal radiation loss.This flexible cantileveredstructure prevents cracking under thermal stress and maintains high temperatures up to 700℃,ensuring reliableoperation.Additionally,the MLI system features an inherent safety mechanism:when the insulation structure isdamaged by a drill,the loss of thermal insulation causes a rapid temperature drop,bringing the system below thehydrogen explosion threshold temperature within 5 minutes,thus preventing potential hazards.Our prototypesuccessfully demonstrated handheld power generation using a button-type metal-supported SOFC,achieving a rapidstart-up time of just 5 minutes and driving a motor.This breakthrough offers a new platform for miniaturized SOFCtechnology,bridging the gap between stationary and portable energy solutions.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technique Foundation of Shaaxi Province of China (2008K07-32)the Foundation of Shaanxi Educa- tional Committee of China (08JK228)the Graduate Innovation Fund of Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
文摘A novel solid superacid catalyst S2O8^2-/ZrO2-CeO2 was prepared by a coprecipitation method and characterized by means of XRD FTIR, BET, TEM and DSC/TG analysis methods. The results indicated that incorporation of appropriate amounts of Ce into the catalyst was beneficial to the formation of sole tetragonal ZrO2 and effectively prevented from the formation of monoclinic ZrO〉 and restrained the loss of sulfated species. XRD revealed the presence of tetragonal Ce0.16Zr0.84O2phase in the case of S2O8^2-/ZrO2-CeO2 calcined above 500 ℃. Catalytic activities of S2O8^2-/ZrO2-CeO2 for the esterification of lactic acid with n-butanol was studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows： calcination temperature of the catalyst 600 ℃, n（lactic acid）：n（n-butyl alcohol）=1.0：3.0, w（S2O8^2-/ZrO2- CeO2）=12.0%, reaction temperature 145 ℃, and reaction time 2 h. The esterification efficiency of lactic acid was about 96.6%.
基金supported by the following funding sources:JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B),Grant Numbers 23K26749 and 23K21047the NEDO Project for the Promotion of Young Researchers in Industry-Academia-Government Collaboration+1 种基金and the ERCA Innovative Research and Development Program(Young Researcher Category)supported by joint research funds from Futaba Industrial Co.,Ltd.and TAIYO YUDEN Co.,Ltd.
文摘The paper introduces a microreactor with high thermal insulation properties,which has been developed forintegration with standard planar-type solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)in portable power generation applications.Whileplanar SOFCs offer high efficiency and energy density,their use has been largely limited to stationary applications dueto challenges in thermal management and slow start-up times.Our microreactor overcomes these barriers byproviding an effective thermal insulation system,allowing SOFCs to operate efficiently in a compact,portable format.We designed a cantilevered structure using yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ)to minimize thermal conduction andcombined it with a multilayer insulation(MLI)system to suppress thermal radiation loss.This flexible cantileveredstructure prevents cracking under thermal stress and maintains high temperatures up to 700℃,ensuring reliableoperation.Additionally,the MLI system features an inherent safety mechanism:when the insulation structure isdamaged by a drill,the loss of thermal insulation causes a rapid temperature drop,bringing the system below thehydrogen explosion threshold temperature within 5 minutes,thus preventing potential hazards.Our prototypesuccessfully demonstrated handheld power generation using a button-type metal-supported SOFC,achieving a rapidstart-up time of just 5 minutes and driving a motor.This breakthrough offers a new platform for miniaturized SOFCtechnology,bridging the gap between stationary and portable energy solutions.
