In the context of diminishing energy resources and worsening greenhouse effect,thermoelectric materials have great potential for sustainable development due to their green and environmentally friendly characteristics....In the context of diminishing energy resources and worsening greenhouse effect,thermoelectric materials have great potential for sustainable development due to their green and environmentally friendly characteristics.Among inorganic thermoelectric materials,copper sulfide compounds have greater potential than others due to their abundant element reserves on Earth,lower usage costs,non-toxicity,and good biocompatibility.Compared to organic thermoelectric materials,the"phonon liquid-electron crystal"(PLEC)feature of copper sulfide compounds makes them have stronger thermoelectric performance.This review summarizes the latest research progress in the synthesis methods and thermoelectric modification strategies of copper sulfide compounds.It first explains the importance of the solid-phase method in the manufacture of thermoelectric devices,and then focuses on the great potential of nanoscale synthesis technology based on liquid-phase method in the preparation of thermoelectric materials.Finally,it systematically discusses several strategies for regulating the thermoelectric performance of copper sulfide compounds,including adjusting the chemical proportion of Cu_(2-x)S and introducing element doping to regulate the crystal structure,phase composition,chemical composition,band structure,and nanoscale microstructure of copper sulfide compounds,and directly affecting ZT value by adjusting conductivity and thermal conductivity.In addition,it discusses composite engineering based on copper sulfide compounds,including inorganic,organic,and metal compounds,and discusses tri-component compounds derived from sulfide copper.Finally,it discusses the main challenges and prospects of the development of copper sulfide-based thermoelectric materials,hoping that this review will promote the development of copper sulfide-based thermoelectric materials.展开更多
Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement ...Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement fails to reconcile ecological responsibility with advanced functional performance.By incorporating tailored fillers into cement matrices,the resulting composites achieve enhanced thermoelectric(TE)conversion capabilities.These materials can harness solar radiation from building envelopes and recover waste heat from indoor thermal gradients,facilitating bidirectional energy conversion.This review offers a comprehensive and timely overview of cementbased thermoelectric materials(CTEMs),integrating material design,device fabrication,and diverse applications into a holistic perspective.It summarizes recent advancements in TE performance enhancement,encompassing fillers optimization and matrices innovation.Additionally,the review consolidates fabrication strategies and performance evaluations of cement-based thermoelectric devices(CTEDs),providing detailed discussions on their roles in monitoring and protection,energy harvesting,and smart building.We also address sustainability,durability,and lifecycle considerations of CTEMs,which are essential for real-world deployment.Finally,we outline future research directions in materials design,device engineering,and scalable manufacturing to foster the practical application of CTEMs in sustainable and intelligent infrastructure.展开更多
To meet the growing needs of flexible and wearable electronics,stretchable energy storage devices—especially supercapacitors(SCs)—have become a key focus in advanced energy storage research.However,achieving both me...To meet the growing needs of flexible and wearable electronics,stretchable energy storage devices—especially supercapacitors(SCs)—have become a key focus in advanced energy storage research.However,achieving both mechanical stretchability and high capacitance in SC still faces great challenges,and the crucial factors lie in creating superior electrode materials that exhibit high electrochemical performance as well as excellent mechanical stretchability.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)possess considerable potential as electrode materials for SCs by virtue of stable organic frameworks,open channels and designable functional groups.Nevertheless,their applications in flexible SCs are greatly hindered by their rigid characteristics.Here a novel COFs@conductive polymer hydrogels(CPHs)@poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)complexes,which integrate the pseudocapacitance of PDITAPA COF,mechanical stretchability of hydrogels and high conductivity of PEDOT:PSS,has been developed as stretchable electrode of SCs.Physically cross-linked PEDOT nanofibers,with their interlinked and entangled architecture,collectively boost mechanical,electrical,and electrochemical performance.The COFs@CPHs@PEDOT:PSS simultaneously demonstrates outstanding mechanical stretchability,high electrical behaviors,and superior swelling characteristics.The resulting SC exhibits advantages of simple structures,facile assembly processes,high specific capacitance,excellent cycling stability,and arbitrary deformation,which holds great application prospects for wearable electronic products.Owing to its uncomplicated structure,ease of production,high energy storage capacity,robust cycling performance,and adaptability to deformation,this fabricated SC is well-suited for next-generation wearable technologies.展开更多
Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a debilitating ailment that leads to the loss of motor and sensory functions,often leaving the patient paralyzed below the injury site(Chen et al.,2013).Globally around 250,000-300,000 people...Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a debilitating ailment that leads to the loss of motor and sensory functions,often leaving the patient paralyzed below the injury site(Chen et al.,2013).Globally around 250,000-300,000 people are diagnosed with SCI annually(Singh et al.,2014),and while this number appears quite low,the effect that an SCI has on the patient’s quality of life is drastic,due to the current difficulties to comprehensively treat this illness.The cost of patient care can also be quite costly,amounting to an estimated$1.69 billion in healthcare costs in the USA alone(Mahabaleshwarkar and Khanna,2014).展开更多
Non-layered two-dimensional materials(NL2DMs)have emerged as a promising complement to layered 2D materials,offering unique properties derived from their isotropic bonding and structural diversity.However,their synthe...Non-layered two-dimensional materials(NL2DMs)have emerged as a promising complement to layered 2D materials,offering unique properties derived from their isotropic bonding and structural diversity.However,their synthesis is still facing significant challenges due to the lack of intrinsic anisotropic growth driving force.This review comprehensively outlines strategies for chemical vapor deposition(CVD)-based synthesis of NL2DMs,demonstrating how integrated thermodynamic and kinetic control enables precise thickness and morphology modulation.We also analyze the existing challenges and propose future research directions.This systematic framework paves the way for engineering NL2DMs growth with customized functionalities for next-generation optoelectronics,energy storage,and catalysis.展开更多
Flash Joule heating(FJH),as a high-efficiency and low-energy consumption technology for advanced materials synthesis,has shown significant potential in the synthesis of graphene and other functional carbon materials.B...Flash Joule heating(FJH),as a high-efficiency and low-energy consumption technology for advanced materials synthesis,has shown significant potential in the synthesis of graphene and other functional carbon materials.Based on the Joule effect,the solid carbon sources can be rapidly heated to ultra-high temperatures(>3000 K)through instantaneous high-energy current pulses during FJH,thus driving the rapid rearrangement and graphitization of carbon atoms.This technology demonstrates numerous advantages,such as solvent-and catalyst-free features,high energy conversion efficiency,and a short process cycle.In this review,we have systematically summarized the technology principle and equipment design for FJH,as well as its raw materials selection and pretreatment strategies.The research progress in the FJH synthesis of flash graphene,carbon nanotubes,graphene fibers,and anode hard carbon,as well as its by-products,is also presented.FJH can precisely optimize the microstructures of carbon materials(e.g.,interlayer spacing of turbostratic graphene,defect concentration,and heteroatom doping)by regulating its operation parameters like flash voltage and flash time,thereby enhancing their performances in various applications,such as composite reinforcement,metal-ion battery electrodes,supercapacitors,and electrocatalysts.However,this technology is still challenged by low process yield,macroscopic material uniformity,and green power supply system construction.More research efforts are also required to promote the transition of FJH from laboratory to industrial-scale applications,thus providing innovative solutions for advanced carbon materials manufacturing and waste management toward carbon neutrality.展开更多
The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials off...The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials offer unique advantages in photovoltaics due to their tunable optoelectronic properties,high surface area and efficient charge transport capabilities.This review explores recent progress in photovoltaics incorporating 2D materials,focusing on their application as hole and electron transport layers to optimize bandgap alignment,enhance carrier mobility and improve chemical stability.A comprehensive analysis is presented on perovskite solar cells utilizing 2D materials,with a particular focus on strategies to enhance crystallization,passivate defects and improve overall cell efficiency.Additionally,the application of 2D materials in organic solar cells is examined,particularly for reducing recombination losses and enhancing charge extraction through work function modification.Their impact on dye-sensitized solar cells,including catalytic activity and counter electrode performance,is also explored.Finally,the review outlines key challenges,material limitations and performance metrics,offering insight into the future development of nextgeneration photovoltaic devices encouraged by 2D materials.展开更多
Neural injuries can cause considerable functional impairments,and both central and peripheral nervous systems have limited regenerative capacity.The existing conventional pharmacological treatments in clinical practic...Neural injuries can cause considerable functional impairments,and both central and peripheral nervous systems have limited regenerative capacity.The existing conventional pharmacological treatments in clinical practice show poor targeting,rapid drug clearance from the circulatory system,and low therapeutic efficiency.Therefore,in this review,we have first described the mechanisms underlying nerve regeneration,characterized the biomaterials used for drug delivery to facilitate nerve regeneration,and highlighted the functionalization strategies used for such drug-delivery systems.These systems mainly use natural and synthetic polymers,inorganic materials,and hybrid systems with advanced drug-delivery abilities,including nanoparticles,hydrogels,and scaffoldbased systems.Then,we focused on comparing the types of drug-delivery systems for neural regeneration as well as the mechanisms and challenges associated with targeted delivery of drugs to facilitate neural regeneration.Finally,we have summarized the clinical application research and limitations of targeted delivery of these drugs.These biomaterials and drug-delivery systems can provide mechanical support,sustained release of bioactive molecules,and enhanced intercellular contact,ultimately reducing cell apoptosis and enhancing functional recovery.Nevertheless,immune reactions,degradation regulation,and clinical translations remain major unresolved challenges.Future studies should focus on optimizing biomaterial properties,refining delivery precision,and overcoming translational barriers to advance these technologies toward clinical applications.展开更多
The rapid development of portable electronics,wearable technologies,and healthcare monitoring systems necessitates the innovation of flexible energy storage systems.Considering environmental pollution and the depletio...The rapid development of portable electronics,wearable technologies,and healthcare monitoring systems necessitates the innovation of flexible energy storage systems.Considering environmental pollution and the depletion of fossil resources,the utilization of renewable resources to engineer advanced flexible materials has become especially crucial.Cellulose,the most abundant natural polymer,has emerged as a promising precursor for advanced functional materials due to its unique structure and properties.Typically,the easy processability,tunable chemical structure,self-assembly behavior,mechanical strength,and reinforcing capability enable its utilization as binder,substrate,hybrid electrode,separator,and electrolyte reservoir for flexible energy storage devices.This review comprehensively summarizes the design,fabrication,and mechanical and electrochemical performances of cellulose-based materials.The structure and unique properties of cellulose are first briefly introduced.Then,the construction of cellulose-based materials in the forms of 1D fibers/filaments,2D films/membranes,3D hydrogels and aerogels is discussed,and the merits of cellulose in these materials are emphasized.After that,the various advanced applications in supercapacitors,lithium-ion batteries,lithium-sulfur batteries,sodium-ion batteries,metal-air batteries,and Zn-ion batteries are presented in detail.Finally,an outlook of the potential challenges and future perspectives in advanced cellulose-based materials for flexible energy storage systems is discussed.展开更多
As silicon-based transistors face fundamental scaling limits,the search for breakthrough alternatives has led to innovations in 3D architectures,heterogeneous integration,and sub-3 nm semiconductor body thicknesses.Ho...As silicon-based transistors face fundamental scaling limits,the search for breakthrough alternatives has led to innovations in 3D architectures,heterogeneous integration,and sub-3 nm semiconductor body thicknesses.However,the true effectiveness of these advancements lies in the seamless integration of alternative semiconductors tailored for next-generation transistors.In this review,we highlight key advances that enhance both scalability and switching performance by leveraging emerging semiconductor materials.Among the most promising candidates are 2D van der Waals semiconductors,Mott insulators,and amorphous oxide semiconductors,which offer not only unique electrical properties but also low-power operation and high carrier mobility.Additionally,we explore the synergistic interactions between these novel semiconductors and advanced gate dielectrics,including high-K materials,ferroelectrics,and atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride layers.Beyond introducing these novel material configurations,we address critical challenges such as leakage current and long-term device reliability,which become increasingly crucial as transistors scale down to atomic dimensions.Through concrete examples showcasing the potential of these materials in transistors,we provide key insights into overcoming fundamental obstacles—such as device reliability,scaling down limitations,and extended applications in artificial intelligence—ultimately paving the way for the development of future transistor technologies.展开更多
The convergence of materials science and biotechnology has catalyzed the development of innovative platforms,including nanotechnology,smart sensors,and supramolecular materials,significantly advancing the progress in ...The convergence of materials science and biotechnology has catalyzed the development of innovative platforms,including nanotechnology,smart sensors,and supramolecular materials,significantly advancing the progress in the field of life sciences[1−7].Among them,supramolecular materials have garnered increasing attention in life sciences owing to their distinctive self-assembly capabilities and intelligent responsiveness[8−12].展开更多
Metal hydrides with high hydrogen density provide promising hydrogen storage paths for hydrogen transportation.However,the requirement of highly pure H_(2)for re-hydrogenation limits its wide application.Here,amorphou...Metal hydrides with high hydrogen density provide promising hydrogen storage paths for hydrogen transportation.However,the requirement of highly pure H_(2)for re-hydrogenation limits its wide application.Here,amorphous Al_(2)O_(3)shells(10 nm)were deposited on the surface of highly active hydrogen storage material particles(MgH_(2)-ZrTi)by atomic layer deposition to obtain MgH_(2)-ZrTi@Al_(2)O_(3),which have been demonstrated to be air stable with selective adsorption of H_(2)under a hydrogen atmosphere with different impurities(CH_(4),O_(2),N_(2),and CO_(2)).About 4.79 wt%H_(2)was adsorbed by MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)at 75℃under 10%CH_(4)+90%H_(2)atmosphere within 3 h with no kinetic or density decay after 5 cycles(~100%capacity retention).Furthermore,about 4 wt%of H_(2)was absorbed by MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)under 0.1%O_(2)+0.4%N_(2)+99.5%H_(2)and 0.1%CO_(2)+0.4%N_(2)+99.5%H_(2)atmospheres at 100℃within 0.5 h,respectively,demonstrating the selective hydrogen absorption of MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)in both oxygen-containing and carbon dioxide-containing atmospheres hydrogen atmosphere.The absorption and desorption curves of MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)with and without absorption in pure hydrogen and then in 21%O_(2)+79%N_(2)for 1 h were found to overlap,further confirming the successful shielding effect of Al_(2)O_(3)shells against O_(2)and N_(2).The MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)has been demonstrated to be air stable and have excellent selective hydrogen absorption performance under the atmosphere with CH_(4),O_(2),N_(2),and CO_(2).展开更多
Scintillator-mediated indirect X-ray detectors,which transduce high-energy X-ray photons into detectable visible light,underpin critical applications in medical diagnostics,non-destructive imaging,and high-energy phys...Scintillator-mediated indirect X-ray detectors,which transduce high-energy X-ray photons into detectable visible light,underpin critical applications in medical diagnostics,non-destructive imaging,and high-energy physics.Flexible scintillator films represent a transformative advancement for next-generation X-ray imaging,enabling conformal integration biological tissues and complex geometries.The pursuit of solution-processed scintillators with benchmark light yield,ultralow detection limit,and superior mechanical robustness constitutes the primary objective in this field.This review comprehensively analyzes emerging high-performance scintillators,including lanthanide-doped nanocrystals,organic emitters,perovskites,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),atomically metal clusters,and metal-organic complexes,focusing on strategies to enhance radioluminescence yield,minimize detection limits,and achieve mechanical robustness.We elucidate carrier dynamics from exciton formation to radiative recombination,alongside advanced fabrication paradigms for flexible/stretchable films via polymer encapsulation and intrinsically flexible designs.The resulting devices demonstrate exceptional capabilities in static,dynamic,and multifunctional imaging under ultralow doses.Critical frontiers in radiation stability,artificial intelligence(AI)-accelerated material discovery,and light propagation engineering are outlined to guide future detector development.展开更多
The rapid advancements in computer vision(CV)technology have transformed the traditional approaches to material microstructure analysis.This review outlines the history of CV and explores the applications of deep-lear...The rapid advancements in computer vision(CV)technology have transformed the traditional approaches to material microstructure analysis.This review outlines the history of CV and explores the applications of deep-learning(DL)-driven CV in four key areas of materials science:microstructure-based performance prediction,microstructure information generation,microstructure defect detection,and crystal structure-based property prediction.The CV has significantly reduced the cost of traditional experimental methods used in material performance prediction.Moreover,recent progress made in generating microstructure images and detecting microstructural defects using CV has led to increased efficiency and reliability in material performance assessments.The DL-driven CV models can accelerate the design of new materials with optimized performance by integrating predictions based on both crystal and microstructural data,thereby allowing for the discovery and innovation of next-generation materials.Finally,the review provides insights into the rapid interdisciplinary developments in the field of materials science and future prospects.展开更多
Tellurene,a chiral chain semiconductor with a narrow bandgap and exceptional strain sensitivity,emerges as a pivotal material for tailoring electronic and optoelectronic properties via strain engineering.This study el...Tellurene,a chiral chain semiconductor with a narrow bandgap and exceptional strain sensitivity,emerges as a pivotal material for tailoring electronic and optoelectronic properties via strain engineering.This study elucidates the fundamental mechanisms of ultrafast laser shock imprinting(LSI)in two-dimensional tellurium(Te),establishing a direct relationship between strain field orientation,mold topology,and anisotropic structural evolution.This is the first demonstration of ultrafast LSI on chiral chain Te unveiling orientation-sensitive dislocation networks.By applying controlled strain fields parallel or transverse to Te’s helical chains,we uncover two distinct deformation regimes.Strain aligned parallel to the chain’s direction induces gliding and rotation governed by weak interchain interactions,preserving covalent intrachain bonds and vibrational modes.In contrast,transverse strain drives shear-mediated multimodal deformations—tensile stretching,compression,and bending—resulting in significant lattice distortions and electronic property modulation.We discovered the critical role of mold topology on deformation:sharp-edged gratings generate localized shear forces surpassing those from homogeneous strain fields via smooth CD molds,triggering dislocation tangle formation,lattice reorientation,and inhomogeneous plastic deformation.Asymmetrical strain configurations enable localized structural transformations while retaining single-crystal integrity in adjacent regions—a balance essential for functional device integration.These insights position LSI as a precision tool for nanoscale strain engineering,capable of sculpting 2D material morphologies without compromising crystallinity.By bridging ultrafast mechanics with chiral chain material science,this work advances the design of strain-tunable devices for next-generation electronics and optoelectronics,while establishing a universal framework for manipulating anisotropic 2D systems under extreme strain rates.This work discovered crystallographic orientation-dependent deformation mechanisms in 2D Te,linking parallel strain to chain gliding and transverse strain to shear-driven multimodal distortion.It demonstrates mold geometry as a critical lever for strain localization and dislocation dynamics,with sharp-edged gratings enabling unprecedented control over lattice reorientation.Crucially,the identification of strain field conditions that reconcile severe plastic deformation with single-crystal retention offers a pathway to functional nanostructure fabrication,redefining LSI’s potential in ultrafast strain engineering of chiral chain materials.展开更多
Since lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have been substantially researched in recent years, they now possess exceptional energy and power densities, making them the most suited energy storage technology for use in developed...Since lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have been substantially researched in recent years, they now possess exceptional energy and power densities, making them the most suited energy storage technology for use in developed and developing industries like stationary storage and electric cars, etc. Concerns about the cost and availability of lithium have prompted research into alternatives, such as sodium-ion batteries(SIBs), which use sodium instead of lithium as the charge carrier. This is especially relevant for stationary applications, where the size and weight of battery are less important. The working efficiency and capacity of these batteries are mainly dependent on the anode, cathode, and electrolyte. The anode,which is one of these components, is by far the most important part of the rechargeable battery.Because of its characteristics and its structure, the anode has a tremendous impact on the overall performance of the battery as a whole. Keeping the above in view, in this review we critically reviewed the different types of anodes and their performances studied to date in LIBs and SIBs. The review article is divided into three main sections, namely:(i) intercalation reaction-based anode materials;(ii) alloying reaction-based anode materials;and(iii) conversion reaction-based anode materials, which are further classified into a number of subsections based on the type of material used. In each main section, we have discussed the merits and challenges faced by their particular system. Afterward, a brief summary of the review has been discussed. Finally, the road ahead for better application of Li/Na-ion batteries is discussed, which seems to mainly depend on exploring the innovative materials as anode and on the inoperando characterization of the existing materials for making them more capable in terms of application in rechargeable batteries.展开更多
The urgent demand for renewable energy solutions,propelled by the global energy crisis and environmental concerns,has spurred the creation of innovative materials for solar thermal storage.Photothermal phase change ma...The urgent demand for renewable energy solutions,propelled by the global energy crisis and environmental concerns,has spurred the creation of innovative materials for solar thermal storage.Photothermal phase change materials(PTPCMs)represent a novel type of composite phase change material(PCM)aimed at improving thermal storage efficiency by incorporating photothermal materials into traditional PCMs and encapsulating them within porous structures.Various porous encapsulation materials have been studied,including porous carbon,expanded graphite,and ceramics,but issues like brittleness hinder their practical use.To overcome these limitations,flexible PTPCMs using organic porous polymers—like foams,hydrogels,and porous wood—have emerged,offering high porosity and lightweight characteristics.This review examines recent advancements in the preparation of PTPCMs based on porous polymer supports through techniques like impregnation and in situ polymerization,assessing the impact of different porous polymer materials on PCM performance and clarifying the mechanisms of photothermal conversion and heat storage.Subsequently,the most recent advancements in the applications of porous polymer-based PTPCMs are systematically summarized,and future research challenges and possible solutions are discussed.This review aims to foster awareness about the potential of PTPCMs in promoting environmentally friendly energy practices and catalyzing further research in this promising field.展开更多
Novel hydrogen storage materials have propelled progress in hydrogen storage technologies.Magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))is a highly promising candidate.Nevertheless,several drawbacks,including the need for elevated therma...Novel hydrogen storage materials have propelled progress in hydrogen storage technologies.Magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))is a highly promising candidate.Nevertheless,several drawbacks,including the need for elevated thermal conditions,sluggish dehydrogena-tion kinetics,and high thermodynamic stability,limit its practical application.One effective method of addressing these challenges is cata-lyst doping,which effectively boosts the hydrogen storage capability of Mg-based materials.Herein,we review recent advancements in catalyst-doped MgH_(2) composites,with particular focus on multicomponent and high-entropy catalysts.Structure-property relationships and catalytic mechanisms in these doping strategies are also summarized.Finally,based on existing challenges,we discuss future research directions for the development of Mg-based hydrogen storage systems.展开更多
Finding materials with specific properties is a hot topic in materials science.Traditional materials design relies on empirical and trial-and-error methods,requiring extensive experiments and time,resulting in high co...Finding materials with specific properties is a hot topic in materials science.Traditional materials design relies on empirical and trial-and-error methods,requiring extensive experiments and time,resulting in high costs.With the development of physics,statistics,computer science,and other fields,machine learning offers opportunities for systematically discovering new materials.Especially through machine learning-based inverse design,machine learning algorithms analyze the mapping relationships between materials and their properties to find materials with desired properties.This paper first outlines the basic concepts of materials inverse design and the challenges faced by machine learning-based approaches to materials inverse design.Then,three main inverse design methods—exploration-based,model-based,and optimization-based—are analyzed in the context of different application scenarios.Finally,the applications of inverse design methods in alloys,optical materials,and acoustic materials are elaborated on,and the prospects for materials inverse design are discussed.The authors hope to accelerate the discovery of new materials and provide new possibilities for advancing materials science and innovative design methods.展开更多
1|Introduction Metamaterials are artificially engineered systems in which the geometry and arrangement of designed unit cells give rise to effective properties that are not available in natural materials.Intelligent m...1|Introduction Metamaterials are artificially engineered systems in which the geometry and arrangement of designed unit cells give rise to effective properties that are not available in natural materials.Intelligent metamaterials extend this concept by integrating stimulus-responsive materials with programmable architectures,thereby creating functional matter that blurs the conventional boundary between materials and structures and enables dynamic,adaptive,and reconfigurable functionalities.These systems can respond to diverse stimuli such as thermal,electrical,optical,magnetic,and mechanical inputs,and convert them into tunable shape change,adaptive mechanical/optical responses,and other reconfigurable functionalities[1–5].Through this synergy,they acquire lifelike and emergent behaviors,making them attractive platforms for next-generation applications in soft robotics,bioengineering,information encryption,and mechanical computation.展开更多
文摘In the context of diminishing energy resources and worsening greenhouse effect,thermoelectric materials have great potential for sustainable development due to their green and environmentally friendly characteristics.Among inorganic thermoelectric materials,copper sulfide compounds have greater potential than others due to their abundant element reserves on Earth,lower usage costs,non-toxicity,and good biocompatibility.Compared to organic thermoelectric materials,the"phonon liquid-electron crystal"(PLEC)feature of copper sulfide compounds makes them have stronger thermoelectric performance.This review summarizes the latest research progress in the synthesis methods and thermoelectric modification strategies of copper sulfide compounds.It first explains the importance of the solid-phase method in the manufacture of thermoelectric devices,and then focuses on the great potential of nanoscale synthesis technology based on liquid-phase method in the preparation of thermoelectric materials.Finally,it systematically discusses several strategies for regulating the thermoelectric performance of copper sulfide compounds,including adjusting the chemical proportion of Cu_(2-x)S and introducing element doping to regulate the crystal structure,phase composition,chemical composition,band structure,and nanoscale microstructure of copper sulfide compounds,and directly affecting ZT value by adjusting conductivity and thermal conductivity.In addition,it discusses composite engineering based on copper sulfide compounds,including inorganic,organic,and metal compounds,and discusses tri-component compounds derived from sulfide copper.Finally,it discusses the main challenges and prospects of the development of copper sulfide-based thermoelectric materials,hoping that this review will promote the development of copper sulfide-based thermoelectric materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52242305).
文摘Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement fails to reconcile ecological responsibility with advanced functional performance.By incorporating tailored fillers into cement matrices,the resulting composites achieve enhanced thermoelectric(TE)conversion capabilities.These materials can harness solar radiation from building envelopes and recover waste heat from indoor thermal gradients,facilitating bidirectional energy conversion.This review offers a comprehensive and timely overview of cementbased thermoelectric materials(CTEMs),integrating material design,device fabrication,and diverse applications into a holistic perspective.It summarizes recent advancements in TE performance enhancement,encompassing fillers optimization and matrices innovation.Additionally,the review consolidates fabrication strategies and performance evaluations of cement-based thermoelectric devices(CTEDs),providing detailed discussions on their roles in monitoring and protection,energy harvesting,and smart building.We also address sustainability,durability,and lifecycle considerations of CTEMs,which are essential for real-world deployment.Finally,we outline future research directions in materials design,device engineering,and scalable manufacturing to foster the practical application of CTEMs in sustainable and intelligent infrastructure.
基金granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52533008,21835003,62274097,and 62004106)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2024YFB3612500,2024YFB3612600,and 2023YFB3608900)+2 种基金Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20243057)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX25_1213)the Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing Universityof Posts and Telecommunications(No.NY225135).
文摘To meet the growing needs of flexible and wearable electronics,stretchable energy storage devices—especially supercapacitors(SCs)—have become a key focus in advanced energy storage research.However,achieving both mechanical stretchability and high capacitance in SC still faces great challenges,and the crucial factors lie in creating superior electrode materials that exhibit high electrochemical performance as well as excellent mechanical stretchability.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)possess considerable potential as electrode materials for SCs by virtue of stable organic frameworks,open channels and designable functional groups.Nevertheless,their applications in flexible SCs are greatly hindered by their rigid characteristics.Here a novel COFs@conductive polymer hydrogels(CPHs)@poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)complexes,which integrate the pseudocapacitance of PDITAPA COF,mechanical stretchability of hydrogels and high conductivity of PEDOT:PSS,has been developed as stretchable electrode of SCs.Physically cross-linked PEDOT nanofibers,with their interlinked and entangled architecture,collectively boost mechanical,electrical,and electrochemical performance.The COFs@CPHs@PEDOT:PSS simultaneously demonstrates outstanding mechanical stretchability,high electrical behaviors,and superior swelling characteristics.The resulting SC exhibits advantages of simple structures,facile assembly processes,high specific capacitance,excellent cycling stability,and arbitrary deformation,which holds great application prospects for wearable electronic products.Owing to its uncomplicated structure,ease of production,high energy storage capacity,robust cycling performance,and adaptability to deformation,this fabricated SC is well-suited for next-generation wearable technologies.
基金supported by the Irish Research Council under the Government of Ireland Postdoctoral Fellowship Project ID-GOIPD/2023/1431(to AS).
文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a debilitating ailment that leads to the loss of motor and sensory functions,often leaving the patient paralyzed below the injury site(Chen et al.,2013).Globally around 250,000-300,000 people are diagnosed with SCI annually(Singh et al.,2014),and while this number appears quite low,the effect that an SCI has on the patient’s quality of life is drastic,due to the current difficulties to comprehensively treat this illness.The cost of patient care can also be quite costly,amounting to an estimated$1.69 billion in healthcare costs in the USA alone(Mahabaleshwarkar and Khanna,2014).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12474163,52202161 and 12034002)State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials(No.2025-S02).
文摘Non-layered two-dimensional materials(NL2DMs)have emerged as a promising complement to layered 2D materials,offering unique properties derived from their isotropic bonding and structural diversity.However,their synthesis is still facing significant challenges due to the lack of intrinsic anisotropic growth driving force.This review comprehensively outlines strategies for chemical vapor deposition(CVD)-based synthesis of NL2DMs,demonstrating how integrated thermodynamic and kinetic control enables precise thickness and morphology modulation.We also analyze the existing challenges and propose future research directions.This systematic framework paves the way for engineering NL2DMs growth with customized functionalities for next-generation optoelectronics,energy storage,and catalysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52276196)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion(FSKLCCA2508)the High-level Talent Foundation of Anhui Agricultural University(rc412307).
文摘Flash Joule heating(FJH),as a high-efficiency and low-energy consumption technology for advanced materials synthesis,has shown significant potential in the synthesis of graphene and other functional carbon materials.Based on the Joule effect,the solid carbon sources can be rapidly heated to ultra-high temperatures(>3000 K)through instantaneous high-energy current pulses during FJH,thus driving the rapid rearrangement and graphitization of carbon atoms.This technology demonstrates numerous advantages,such as solvent-and catalyst-free features,high energy conversion efficiency,and a short process cycle.In this review,we have systematically summarized the technology principle and equipment design for FJH,as well as its raw materials selection and pretreatment strategies.The research progress in the FJH synthesis of flash graphene,carbon nanotubes,graphene fibers,and anode hard carbon,as well as its by-products,is also presented.FJH can precisely optimize the microstructures of carbon materials(e.g.,interlayer spacing of turbostratic graphene,defect concentration,and heteroatom doping)by regulating its operation parameters like flash voltage and flash time,thereby enhancing their performances in various applications,such as composite reinforcement,metal-ion battery electrodes,supercapacitors,and electrocatalysts.However,this technology is still challenged by low process yield,macroscopic material uniformity,and green power supply system construction.More research efforts are also required to promote the transition of FJH from laboratory to industrial-scale applications,thus providing innovative solutions for advanced carbon materials manufacturing and waste management toward carbon neutrality.
基金supported by the IITP(Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation)-ITRC(Information Technology Research Center) grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT) (IITP-2025-RS-2024-00437191, and RS-2025-02303505)partly supported by the Korea Basic Science Institute (National Research Facilities and Equipment Center) grant funded by the Ministry of Education. (No. 2022R1A6C101A774)the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, through Large Research Project under grant number RGP-2/527/46
文摘The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials offer unique advantages in photovoltaics due to their tunable optoelectronic properties,high surface area and efficient charge transport capabilities.This review explores recent progress in photovoltaics incorporating 2D materials,focusing on their application as hole and electron transport layers to optimize bandgap alignment,enhance carrier mobility and improve chemical stability.A comprehensive analysis is presented on perovskite solar cells utilizing 2D materials,with a particular focus on strategies to enhance crystallization,passivate defects and improve overall cell efficiency.Additionally,the application of 2D materials in organic solar cells is examined,particularly for reducing recombination losses and enhancing charge extraction through work function modification.Their impact on dye-sensitized solar cells,including catalytic activity and counter electrode performance,is also explored.Finally,the review outlines key challenges,material limitations and performance metrics,offering insight into the future development of nextgeneration photovoltaic devices encouraged by 2D materials.
基金the support from Base for Interdisciplinary Innovative Talent Training,Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityYouth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine。
文摘Neural injuries can cause considerable functional impairments,and both central and peripheral nervous systems have limited regenerative capacity.The existing conventional pharmacological treatments in clinical practice show poor targeting,rapid drug clearance from the circulatory system,and low therapeutic efficiency.Therefore,in this review,we have first described the mechanisms underlying nerve regeneration,characterized the biomaterials used for drug delivery to facilitate nerve regeneration,and highlighted the functionalization strategies used for such drug-delivery systems.These systems mainly use natural and synthetic polymers,inorganic materials,and hybrid systems with advanced drug-delivery abilities,including nanoparticles,hydrogels,and scaffoldbased systems.Then,we focused on comparing the types of drug-delivery systems for neural regeneration as well as the mechanisms and challenges associated with targeted delivery of drugs to facilitate neural regeneration.Finally,we have summarized the clinical application research and limitations of targeted delivery of these drugs.These biomaterials and drug-delivery systems can provide mechanical support,sustained release of bioactive molecules,and enhanced intercellular contact,ultimately reducing cell apoptosis and enhancing functional recovery.Nevertheless,immune reactions,degradation regulation,and clinical translations remain major unresolved challenges.Future studies should focus on optimizing biomaterial properties,refining delivery precision,and overcoming translational barriers to advance these technologies toward clinical applications.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32201499,32222057,and 22478142)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2023A1515012519,2023A0505050114,and 2024B1515040004)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No 2023YFE0109600)State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking and Paper-based Materials(2024C02).
文摘The rapid development of portable electronics,wearable technologies,and healthcare monitoring systems necessitates the innovation of flexible energy storage systems.Considering environmental pollution and the depletion of fossil resources,the utilization of renewable resources to engineer advanced flexible materials has become especially crucial.Cellulose,the most abundant natural polymer,has emerged as a promising precursor for advanced functional materials due to its unique structure and properties.Typically,the easy processability,tunable chemical structure,self-assembly behavior,mechanical strength,and reinforcing capability enable its utilization as binder,substrate,hybrid electrode,separator,and electrolyte reservoir for flexible energy storage devices.This review comprehensively summarizes the design,fabrication,and mechanical and electrochemical performances of cellulose-based materials.The structure and unique properties of cellulose are first briefly introduced.Then,the construction of cellulose-based materials in the forms of 1D fibers/filaments,2D films/membranes,3D hydrogels and aerogels is discussed,and the merits of cellulose in these materials are emphasized.After that,the various advanced applications in supercapacitors,lithium-ion batteries,lithium-sulfur batteries,sodium-ion batteries,metal-air batteries,and Zn-ion batteries are presented in detail.Finally,an outlook of the potential challenges and future perspectives in advanced cellulose-based materials for flexible energy storage systems is discussed.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT),South Korea(RS-2024-00421181)financially supported in part by National R&D Program(2021M3H4A3A02086430)through NRF(National Research Foundation of Korea)funded by Ministry of Science and ICT+2 种基金the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.GTL25021-210)The Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Institute of Engineering Research,and Soft Foundry Institute at Seoul National University provided research facilities for this workhe grant by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NSF)supported by the Korea government(MIST)(RS-2025-16903034)。
文摘As silicon-based transistors face fundamental scaling limits,the search for breakthrough alternatives has led to innovations in 3D architectures,heterogeneous integration,and sub-3 nm semiconductor body thicknesses.However,the true effectiveness of these advancements lies in the seamless integration of alternative semiconductors tailored for next-generation transistors.In this review,we highlight key advances that enhance both scalability and switching performance by leveraging emerging semiconductor materials.Among the most promising candidates are 2D van der Waals semiconductors,Mott insulators,and amorphous oxide semiconductors,which offer not only unique electrical properties but also low-power operation and high carrier mobility.Additionally,we explore the synergistic interactions between these novel semiconductors and advanced gate dielectrics,including high-K materials,ferroelectrics,and atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride layers.Beyond introducing these novel material configurations,we address critical challenges such as leakage current and long-term device reliability,which become increasingly crucial as transistors scale down to atomic dimensions.Through concrete examples showcasing the potential of these materials in transistors,we provide key insights into overcoming fundamental obstacles—such as device reliability,scaling down limitations,and extended applications in artificial intelligence—ultimately paving the way for the development of future transistor technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22101043)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2205013,N232410019,N2405013)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2023-MSBA-068)the Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing(SKLHOP202203006)the Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids,Ministry of Education(FMS2023005)Northeastern University。
文摘The convergence of materials science and biotechnology has catalyzed the development of innovative platforms,including nanotechnology,smart sensors,and supramolecular materials,significantly advancing the progress in the field of life sciences[1−7].Among them,supramolecular materials have garnered increasing attention in life sciences owing to their distinctive self-assembly capabilities and intelligent responsiveness[8−12].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22175136)the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(EIPE23127)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(xtr052024009).
文摘Metal hydrides with high hydrogen density provide promising hydrogen storage paths for hydrogen transportation.However,the requirement of highly pure H_(2)for re-hydrogenation limits its wide application.Here,amorphous Al_(2)O_(3)shells(10 nm)were deposited on the surface of highly active hydrogen storage material particles(MgH_(2)-ZrTi)by atomic layer deposition to obtain MgH_(2)-ZrTi@Al_(2)O_(3),which have been demonstrated to be air stable with selective adsorption of H_(2)under a hydrogen atmosphere with different impurities(CH_(4),O_(2),N_(2),and CO_(2)).About 4.79 wt%H_(2)was adsorbed by MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)at 75℃under 10%CH_(4)+90%H_(2)atmosphere within 3 h with no kinetic or density decay after 5 cycles(~100%capacity retention).Furthermore,about 4 wt%of H_(2)was absorbed by MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)under 0.1%O_(2)+0.4%N_(2)+99.5%H_(2)and 0.1%CO_(2)+0.4%N_(2)+99.5%H_(2)atmospheres at 100℃within 0.5 h,respectively,demonstrating the selective hydrogen absorption of MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)in both oxygen-containing and carbon dioxide-containing atmospheres hydrogen atmosphere.The absorption and desorption curves of MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)with and without absorption in pure hydrogen and then in 21%O_(2)+79%N_(2)for 1 h were found to overlap,further confirming the successful shielding effect of Al_(2)O_(3)shells against O_(2)and N_(2).The MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)has been demonstrated to be air stable and have excellent selective hydrogen absorption performance under the atmosphere with CH_(4),O_(2),N_(2),and CO_(2).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52533008,22205104,22305127,and 21835003)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2024YFB3612500,2024YFB3612600,and 2023YFB3608900)+2 种基金Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20243057)Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Nos.NY222078 and NY222079)Project of State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays(Nos.GZR2023010031 and GZR2023010053).
文摘Scintillator-mediated indirect X-ray detectors,which transduce high-energy X-ray photons into detectable visible light,underpin critical applications in medical diagnostics,non-destructive imaging,and high-energy physics.Flexible scintillator films represent a transformative advancement for next-generation X-ray imaging,enabling conformal integration biological tissues and complex geometries.The pursuit of solution-processed scintillators with benchmark light yield,ultralow detection limit,and superior mechanical robustness constitutes the primary objective in this field.This review comprehensively analyzes emerging high-performance scintillators,including lanthanide-doped nanocrystals,organic emitters,perovskites,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),atomically metal clusters,and metal-organic complexes,focusing on strategies to enhance radioluminescence yield,minimize detection limits,and achieve mechanical robustness.We elucidate carrier dynamics from exciton formation to radiative recombination,alongside advanced fabrication paradigms for flexible/stretchable films via polymer encapsulation and intrinsically flexible designs.The resulting devices demonstrate exceptional capabilities in static,dynamic,and multifunctional imaging under ultralow doses.Critical frontiers in radiation stability,artificial intelligence(AI)-accelerated material discovery,and light propagation engineering are outlined to guide future detector development.
基金financially supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(No.52025041)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52450003,U2341267,and 52174294)+1 种基金the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents,China(No.BX20240437)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.FRF-IDRY-23-037 and FRF-TP-20-02C2)。
文摘The rapid advancements in computer vision(CV)technology have transformed the traditional approaches to material microstructure analysis.This review outlines the history of CV and explores the applications of deep-learning(DL)-driven CV in four key areas of materials science:microstructure-based performance prediction,microstructure information generation,microstructure defect detection,and crystal structure-based property prediction.The CV has significantly reduced the cost of traditional experimental methods used in material performance prediction.Moreover,recent progress made in generating microstructure images and detecting microstructural defects using CV has led to increased efficiency and reliability in material performance assessments.The DL-driven CV models can accelerate the design of new materials with optimized performance by integrating predictions based on both crystal and microstructural data,thereby allowing for the discovery and innovation of next-generation materials.Finally,the review provides insights into the rapid interdisciplinary developments in the field of materials science and future prospects.
基金financial support from NSF ExpandQISE program.The synthesis of tellurene was supported by NSF under grant no.CMMI-2046936supports from Purdue Research Foundation.
文摘Tellurene,a chiral chain semiconductor with a narrow bandgap and exceptional strain sensitivity,emerges as a pivotal material for tailoring electronic and optoelectronic properties via strain engineering.This study elucidates the fundamental mechanisms of ultrafast laser shock imprinting(LSI)in two-dimensional tellurium(Te),establishing a direct relationship between strain field orientation,mold topology,and anisotropic structural evolution.This is the first demonstration of ultrafast LSI on chiral chain Te unveiling orientation-sensitive dislocation networks.By applying controlled strain fields parallel or transverse to Te’s helical chains,we uncover two distinct deformation regimes.Strain aligned parallel to the chain’s direction induces gliding and rotation governed by weak interchain interactions,preserving covalent intrachain bonds and vibrational modes.In contrast,transverse strain drives shear-mediated multimodal deformations—tensile stretching,compression,and bending—resulting in significant lattice distortions and electronic property modulation.We discovered the critical role of mold topology on deformation:sharp-edged gratings generate localized shear forces surpassing those from homogeneous strain fields via smooth CD molds,triggering dislocation tangle formation,lattice reorientation,and inhomogeneous plastic deformation.Asymmetrical strain configurations enable localized structural transformations while retaining single-crystal integrity in adjacent regions—a balance essential for functional device integration.These insights position LSI as a precision tool for nanoscale strain engineering,capable of sculpting 2D material morphologies without compromising crystallinity.By bridging ultrafast mechanics with chiral chain material science,this work advances the design of strain-tunable devices for next-generation electronics and optoelectronics,while establishing a universal framework for manipulating anisotropic 2D systems under extreme strain rates.This work discovered crystallographic orientation-dependent deformation mechanisms in 2D Te,linking parallel strain to chain gliding and transverse strain to shear-driven multimodal distortion.It demonstrates mold geometry as a critical lever for strain localization and dislocation dynamics,with sharp-edged gratings enabling unprecedented control over lattice reorientation.Crucially,the identification of strain field conditions that reconcile severe plastic deformation with single-crystal retention offers a pathway to functional nanostructure fabrication,redefining LSI’s potential in ultrafast strain engineering of chiral chain materials.
文摘Since lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have been substantially researched in recent years, they now possess exceptional energy and power densities, making them the most suited energy storage technology for use in developed and developing industries like stationary storage and electric cars, etc. Concerns about the cost and availability of lithium have prompted research into alternatives, such as sodium-ion batteries(SIBs), which use sodium instead of lithium as the charge carrier. This is especially relevant for stationary applications, where the size and weight of battery are less important. The working efficiency and capacity of these batteries are mainly dependent on the anode, cathode, and electrolyte. The anode,which is one of these components, is by far the most important part of the rechargeable battery.Because of its characteristics and its structure, the anode has a tremendous impact on the overall performance of the battery as a whole. Keeping the above in view, in this review we critically reviewed the different types of anodes and their performances studied to date in LIBs and SIBs. The review article is divided into three main sections, namely:(i) intercalation reaction-based anode materials;(ii) alloying reaction-based anode materials;and(iii) conversion reaction-based anode materials, which are further classified into a number of subsections based on the type of material used. In each main section, we have discussed the merits and challenges faced by their particular system. Afterward, a brief summary of the review has been discussed. Finally, the road ahead for better application of Li/Na-ion batteries is discussed, which seems to mainly depend on exploring the innovative materials as anode and on the inoperando characterization of the existing materials for making them more capable in terms of application in rechargeable batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52103093,52103205)the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202312187)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024QE220)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2021QNRC001)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20232BAB214031,20242BAB25237).
文摘The urgent demand for renewable energy solutions,propelled by the global energy crisis and environmental concerns,has spurred the creation of innovative materials for solar thermal storage.Photothermal phase change materials(PTPCMs)represent a novel type of composite phase change material(PCM)aimed at improving thermal storage efficiency by incorporating photothermal materials into traditional PCMs and encapsulating them within porous structures.Various porous encapsulation materials have been studied,including porous carbon,expanded graphite,and ceramics,but issues like brittleness hinder their practical use.To overcome these limitations,flexible PTPCMs using organic porous polymers—like foams,hydrogels,and porous wood—have emerged,offering high porosity and lightweight characteristics.This review examines recent advancements in the preparation of PTPCMs based on porous polymer supports through techniques like impregnation and in situ polymerization,assessing the impact of different porous polymer materials on PCM performance and clarifying the mechanisms of photothermal conversion and heat storage.Subsequently,the most recent advancements in the applications of porous polymer-based PTPCMs are systematically summarized,and future research challenges and possible solutions are discussed.This review aims to foster awareness about the potential of PTPCMs in promoting environmentally friendly energy practices and catalyzing further research in this promising field.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2021YFB4000604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52271220)+2 种基金the 111 Project (No. B12015)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesHaihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Centre of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Science Research and Technology Development Project of Guilin (No. 20210102-4)
文摘Novel hydrogen storage materials have propelled progress in hydrogen storage technologies.Magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))is a highly promising candidate.Nevertheless,several drawbacks,including the need for elevated thermal conditions,sluggish dehydrogena-tion kinetics,and high thermodynamic stability,limit its practical application.One effective method of addressing these challenges is cata-lyst doping,which effectively boosts the hydrogen storage capability of Mg-based materials.Herein,we review recent advancements in catalyst-doped MgH_(2) composites,with particular focus on multicomponent and high-entropy catalysts.Structure-property relationships and catalytic mechanisms in these doping strategies are also summarized.Finally,based on existing challenges,we discuss future research directions for the development of Mg-based hydrogen storage systems.
基金funded by theNationalNatural Science Foundation of China(52061020)Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province(202302AG050009)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202301AV070003).
文摘Finding materials with specific properties is a hot topic in materials science.Traditional materials design relies on empirical and trial-and-error methods,requiring extensive experiments and time,resulting in high costs.With the development of physics,statistics,computer science,and other fields,machine learning offers opportunities for systematically discovering new materials.Especially through machine learning-based inverse design,machine learning algorithms analyze the mapping relationships between materials and their properties to find materials with desired properties.This paper first outlines the basic concepts of materials inverse design and the challenges faced by machine learning-based approaches to materials inverse design.Then,three main inverse design methods—exploration-based,model-based,and optimization-based—are analyzed in the context of different application scenarios.Finally,the applications of inverse design methods in alloys,optical materials,and acoustic materials are elaborated on,and the prospects for materials inverse design are discussed.The authors hope to accelerate the discovery of new materials and provide new possibilities for advancing materials science and innovative design methods.
基金supported by the National University of Singapore Presidential Young Professorship Start-Up Grant.
文摘1|Introduction Metamaterials are artificially engineered systems in which the geometry and arrangement of designed unit cells give rise to effective properties that are not available in natural materials.Intelligent metamaterials extend this concept by integrating stimulus-responsive materials with programmable architectures,thereby creating functional matter that blurs the conventional boundary between materials and structures and enables dynamic,adaptive,and reconfigurable functionalities.These systems can respond to diverse stimuli such as thermal,electrical,optical,magnetic,and mechanical inputs,and convert them into tunable shape change,adaptive mechanical/optical responses,and other reconfigurable functionalities[1–5].Through this synergy,they acquire lifelike and emergent behaviors,making them attractive platforms for next-generation applications in soft robotics,bioengineering,information encryption,and mechanical computation.
