This study is to investigate what factors and how they affect tours (trip chains) behavior. The key issue is the understanding and definition of tour and tour level mode. Also, these definitions should fit for the dat...This study is to investigate what factors and how they affect tours (trip chains) behavior. The key issue is the understanding and definition of tour and tour level mode. Also, these definitions should fit for the data. A semi-home based tour definition is stated, and a competing mode based tour mode is defined. Based on the definition, this study used Madison Area Data from National Household Survey to estimate a MNL structured model. It is found that travel distance could be a positive factor for car mode. Meanwhile, the number of trips is also a positive factor for choosing car.展开更多
Neuromodulation for diabetic peripheral neuropathy represents a significant area of interest in the management of chronic pain associated with this condition.Diabetic peripheral neuropathy,a common complication of dia...Neuromodulation for diabetic peripheral neuropathy represents a significant area of interest in the management of chronic pain associated with this condition.Diabetic peripheral neuropathy,a common complication of diabetes,is characterized by nerve damage due to high blood sugar levels that lead to symptoms,such as pain,tingling,and numbness,primarily in the hands and feet.The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of neuromodulatory techniques as potential therapeutic interventions for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy,while also examining recent developments in this domain.The investigation encompassed an array of neuromodulation methods,including frequency rhythmic electrical modulated systems,dorsal root ganglion stimulation,and spinal cord stimulation.This systematic review suggests that neuromodulatory techniques may be useful in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Understanding the advantages of these treatments will enable physicians and other healthcare providers to offer additional options for patients with symptoms refractory to standard pharmacologic treatments.Through these efforts,we may improve quality of life and increase functional capacity in patients suffering from complications related to diabetic neuropathy.展开更多
Lignite provides energy security and contributes economically.However,it also causes dirty outcomes in terms of climate aspect.In addition to the energy and climate dimensions of the Sustainable Development Goals,ther...Lignite provides energy security and contributes economically.However,it also causes dirty outcomes in terms of climate aspect.In addition to the energy and climate dimensions of the Sustainable Development Goals,there is also a water issue:lignite is usually found submerged below the local groundwater tables.Mining lignite could be exploited to achieve drinkable and agriculturally usable water.In today’s literature,while the impact of lignite production on global warming and emissions are already highly discussed,the water management side of the issue is regularly omitted.However,considering the complex interlink between these three areas(the Water-Energy-Climate(WEC)nexus)is necessary within policy coherence,which is mostly ignored even though it is one of the development targets.Here in this framework,Turkiye,which aims to reduce its heavy dependency on energy imports,is worth studying because almost all of its coal,the country’s largest fossil resource,is lignite.Therefore,this study examines the WEC nexus related to lignite production and combustion and seeks policy coherence between their outputs in the context of Turkiye’s historical steps to climate change mitigation,specifically oriented with the Paris Agreement.This story expands from the absence of specific development policy objectives to the practicalities of politics and economics.展开更多
The 19th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate(WAMC)and the 8th Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere(YOPP-SH)meeting were held in June 2024 at the Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center,The Ohio...The 19th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate(WAMC)and the 8th Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere(YOPP-SH)meeting were held in June 2024 at the Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center,The Ohio State University,Columbus,Ohio.These hybrid events convened 79 participants from 15 nations to foster international collaboration on Antarctic meteorology,climate research,and forecasting.The WAMC featured presentations on automatic weather stations,numerical weather prediction,Antarctic sea ice dynamics,and extreme weather events.The YOPP-SH meeting emphasized the positive impacts of enhanced observations during the 2022 Winter Special Observing Period(SOP)on forecast accuracy and addressed the transition toward the Polar Coupled Analysis and Prediction for Services(PCAPS)initiative.The outcomes reflect significant advancements in polar meteorological research and underscore the importance of sustained collaborative efforts,including improved observational networks and advanced modeling systems,to address the unique challenges of Antarctic meteorology.Future workshops will continue to support and expand upon these critical themes.展开更多
A tree's basal area(BA)and wood volume scale exponentially with tree diameter in species-specifc patterns.Recent observed increases in tree growth suggest these allometric relationships are shifting in response to...A tree's basal area(BA)and wood volume scale exponentially with tree diameter in species-specifc patterns.Recent observed increases in tree growth suggest these allometric relationships are shifting in response to climate change,rising CO_(2) levels,and/or changes in forest management.We analyzed 9,214 cores from nine conifer and 11 broadleaf species grown in managed mixed-species stands in the upper Midwest to quantify how well diameter(diameter at breast height(DBH))serves to predict BA growth and above-ground wood and carbon(C).These samples include many large trees.We ft mixed models to predict BA growth and above-ground biomass/C from diameter,tree height,and the BA of nearby trees while controlling for site effects.Models account for 55%–83%of the variance in log(recent growth),improving predictions over earlier models.Growth-diameter scaling exponents covary with certain leaf and stem(but not wood)functional traits,reflecting growth strategies.LogBA increment scales linearly with log(diameter)as trees grow bigger in 16/20 species and growth actually accelerates in Quercus rubra L.Three other species plateau in growth.Growth only decelerates in red pine,Pinus resinosa Ait.Growth in whole-tree,above-ground biomass,and C accelerate even more strongly with diameter(mean exponent:2.08 vs.1.30 for BA growth).Sustained BA growth and accelerating wood/C growth contradict the common assumption that tree growth declines in bigger trees.Yield tables and silvicultural guidelines should be updated to reflect these current relationships.Such revisions will favor delaying harvests in many managed stands to increase wood production and enhance ecosystem values including C fxation and storage.Further research may resolve the relative roles of thinning,climatic conditions,nitrogen inputs,and rising CO2 levels on changing patterns of tree growth.展开更多
Objective:Human mortality is affected by a lot of different factors.Geographic and demographic variations are two such criteria that play significant importance in establishing the variation in mortality rate.Methods:...Objective:Human mortality is affected by a lot of different factors.Geographic and demographic variations are two such criteria that play significant importance in establishing the variation in mortality rate.Methods:The current work uses data collected from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2018 to 2021 to study the dependence of mortality on several parameters such as gender,race,and age group.The analysis looks at all the different causes of death registered in the database and shows how they vary with not only the demographic variables mentioned above but also geographic variables such as states in the USA.The variation in trends pre-,during,and post-pandemic is also investigated.The study undertakes several multi-factorial relations such as location-age group,location-gender,age group-gender,and a blanket study across all the racesfor2018-2021.Results:Texas,California,and Florida were analyzed to be the states with the most number of deaths for the majority of causes.The study shows that before the pandemic two of the most critical causes of death identified were Atherosclerotic heart disease and Alzheimer's disease which was outnumbered by coronavirus disease 2019 in years 2020 and 2021 for the age groups of 35-84 years.Conclusion:The outcome of the study clearly shows the irrational availability of data among different ages,states,and races.In addition,it helps to provide interesting insights into how the mortality trends relate to demographic and geographic factors and point out the discrepancies among them.展开更多
文摘This study is to investigate what factors and how they affect tours (trip chains) behavior. The key issue is the understanding and definition of tour and tour level mode. Also, these definitions should fit for the data. A semi-home based tour definition is stated, and a competing mode based tour mode is defined. Based on the definition, this study used Madison Area Data from National Household Survey to estimate a MNL structured model. It is found that travel distance could be a positive factor for car mode. Meanwhile, the number of trips is also a positive factor for choosing car.
文摘Neuromodulation for diabetic peripheral neuropathy represents a significant area of interest in the management of chronic pain associated with this condition.Diabetic peripheral neuropathy,a common complication of diabetes,is characterized by nerve damage due to high blood sugar levels that lead to symptoms,such as pain,tingling,and numbness,primarily in the hands and feet.The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of neuromodulatory techniques as potential therapeutic interventions for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy,while also examining recent developments in this domain.The investigation encompassed an array of neuromodulation methods,including frequency rhythmic electrical modulated systems,dorsal root ganglion stimulation,and spinal cord stimulation.This systematic review suggests that neuromodulatory techniques may be useful in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Understanding the advantages of these treatments will enable physicians and other healthcare providers to offer additional options for patients with symptoms refractory to standard pharmacologic treatments.Through these efforts,we may improve quality of life and increase functional capacity in patients suffering from complications related to diabetic neuropathy.
文摘Lignite provides energy security and contributes economically.However,it also causes dirty outcomes in terms of climate aspect.In addition to the energy and climate dimensions of the Sustainable Development Goals,there is also a water issue:lignite is usually found submerged below the local groundwater tables.Mining lignite could be exploited to achieve drinkable and agriculturally usable water.In today’s literature,while the impact of lignite production on global warming and emissions are already highly discussed,the water management side of the issue is regularly omitted.However,considering the complex interlink between these three areas(the Water-Energy-Climate(WEC)nexus)is necessary within policy coherence,which is mostly ignored even though it is one of the development targets.Here in this framework,Turkiye,which aims to reduce its heavy dependency on energy imports,is worth studying because almost all of its coal,the country’s largest fossil resource,is lignite.Therefore,this study examines the WEC nexus related to lignite production and combustion and seeks policy coherence between their outputs in the context of Turkiye’s historical steps to climate change mitigation,specifically oriented with the Paris Agreement.This story expands from the absence of specific development policy objectives to the practicalities of politics and economics.
基金support from the Office of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2205398,2233182,1951720,1951603,2301362).
文摘The 19th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate(WAMC)and the 8th Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere(YOPP-SH)meeting were held in June 2024 at the Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center,The Ohio State University,Columbus,Ohio.These hybrid events convened 79 participants from 15 nations to foster international collaboration on Antarctic meteorology,climate research,and forecasting.The WAMC featured presentations on automatic weather stations,numerical weather prediction,Antarctic sea ice dynamics,and extreme weather events.The YOPP-SH meeting emphasized the positive impacts of enhanced observations during the 2022 Winter Special Observing Period(SOP)on forecast accuracy and addressed the transition toward the Polar Coupled Analysis and Prediction for Services(PCAPS)initiative.The outcomes reflect significant advancements in polar meteorological research and underscore the importance of sustained collaborative efforts,including improved observational networks and advanced modeling systems,to address the unique challenges of Antarctic meteorology.Future workshops will continue to support and expand upon these critical themes.
文摘A tree's basal area(BA)and wood volume scale exponentially with tree diameter in species-specifc patterns.Recent observed increases in tree growth suggest these allometric relationships are shifting in response to climate change,rising CO_(2) levels,and/or changes in forest management.We analyzed 9,214 cores from nine conifer and 11 broadleaf species grown in managed mixed-species stands in the upper Midwest to quantify how well diameter(diameter at breast height(DBH))serves to predict BA growth and above-ground wood and carbon(C).These samples include many large trees.We ft mixed models to predict BA growth and above-ground biomass/C from diameter,tree height,and the BA of nearby trees while controlling for site effects.Models account for 55%–83%of the variance in log(recent growth),improving predictions over earlier models.Growth-diameter scaling exponents covary with certain leaf and stem(but not wood)functional traits,reflecting growth strategies.LogBA increment scales linearly with log(diameter)as trees grow bigger in 16/20 species and growth actually accelerates in Quercus rubra L.Three other species plateau in growth.Growth only decelerates in red pine,Pinus resinosa Ait.Growth in whole-tree,above-ground biomass,and C accelerate even more strongly with diameter(mean exponent:2.08 vs.1.30 for BA growth).Sustained BA growth and accelerating wood/C growth contradict the common assumption that tree growth declines in bigger trees.Yield tables and silvicultural guidelines should be updated to reflect these current relationships.Such revisions will favor delaying harvests in many managed stands to increase wood production and enhance ecosystem values including C fxation and storage.Further research may resolve the relative roles of thinning,climatic conditions,nitrogen inputs,and rising CO2 levels on changing patterns of tree growth.
文摘Objective:Human mortality is affected by a lot of different factors.Geographic and demographic variations are two such criteria that play significant importance in establishing the variation in mortality rate.Methods:The current work uses data collected from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2018 to 2021 to study the dependence of mortality on several parameters such as gender,race,and age group.The analysis looks at all the different causes of death registered in the database and shows how they vary with not only the demographic variables mentioned above but also geographic variables such as states in the USA.The variation in trends pre-,during,and post-pandemic is also investigated.The study undertakes several multi-factorial relations such as location-age group,location-gender,age group-gender,and a blanket study across all the racesfor2018-2021.Results:Texas,California,and Florida were analyzed to be the states with the most number of deaths for the majority of causes.The study shows that before the pandemic two of the most critical causes of death identified were Atherosclerotic heart disease and Alzheimer's disease which was outnumbered by coronavirus disease 2019 in years 2020 and 2021 for the age groups of 35-84 years.Conclusion:The outcome of the study clearly shows the irrational availability of data among different ages,states,and races.In addition,it helps to provide interesting insights into how the mortality trends relate to demographic and geographic factors and point out the discrepancies among them.
