Regional homogeneity（ReHo）and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation（ALFF）are two approaches to depicting different regional characteristics of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging（RS-fMRI）dat...Regional homogeneity（ReHo）and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation（ALFF）are two approaches to depicting different regional characteristics of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging（RS-fMRI）data.Whether they can complementarily reveal brain regional functional abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）remains unknown.In this study,we applied ReHo and ALFF to 23 medication-na ve boys diagnosed with ADHD and 25 age-matched healthy male controls using whole-brain voxel-wise analysis.Correlation analyses were conducted in the ADHD group to investigate the relationship between the regional spontaneous brain activity measured by the two approaches and the clinical symptoms of ADHD.We found that the ReHo method showed widely-distributed differences between the two groups in the fronto-cingulo-occipitocerebellar circuitry,while the ALFF method showed a difference only in the right occipital area.When a larger smoothing kernel and a more lenient threshold were used for ALFF,more overlapped regions were found between ALFF and ReHo,and ALFF even found some new regions with group differences.The ADHD symptom scores were correlated with the ReHo values in the right cerebellum,dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and left lingual gyrus in the ADHD group,while no correlation was detected between ALFF and ADHD symptoms.In conclusion,ReHo may be more sensitive to regional abnormalities,at least in boys with ADHD,than ALFF.And ALFF may be complementary to ReHo in measuring local spontaneous activity.Combination of the two may yield a more comprehensive pathophy-siological framework for ADHD.展开更多
As one of the most widely used languages in the world,Chinese language is distinct from most western languages in many properties,thus providing a unique opportunity for understanding the brain basis of human language...As one of the most widely used languages in the world,Chinese language is distinct from most western languages in many properties,thus providing a unique opportunity for understanding the brain basis of human language and cognition.In recent years,non-invasive neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)blaze a new trail to comprehensively study specific neural correlates of Chinese language processing and Chinese speakers.We reviewed the application of functional MRI(fMRI)in such studies and some essential findings on brain systems in processing Chinese.Specifically,for example,the application of task fMRI and resting-state fMRI in observing the process of reading and writing the logographic characters and producing or listening to the tonal speech.Elementary cognitive neuroscience and several potential research directions around brain and Chinese language were discussed,which may be informative for future research.展开更多
Attempts have been made to modulate motor sequence learning(MSL)through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,targeting different sites within the sensorimotor network.However,the target with the optimum modula...Attempts have been made to modulate motor sequence learning(MSL)through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,targeting different sites within the sensorimotor network.However,the target with the optimum modulatory effect on neural plasticity associated with MSL remains unclarified.This study was therefore designed to compare the role of the left primary motor cortex and the left supplementary motor area proper(SMAp)in modulating MSL across different complexity levels and for both hands,as well as the associated neuroplasticity by applying intermittent theta burst stimulation together with the electroencephalogram and concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation.Our data demonstrated the role of SMAp stimulation in modulating neural communication to support MSL,which is achieved by facilitating regional activation and orchestrating neural coupling across distributed brain regions,particularly in interhemispheric connections.These findings may have important clinical implications,particularly for motor rehabilitation in populations such as post-stroke patients.展开更多
The present study was aimed to evaluate restingstate functional connectivity and topological properties of brain networks in narcolepsy patients compared with healthy controls.Resting-state fMRI was performed in 26 ad...The present study was aimed to evaluate restingstate functional connectivity and topological properties of brain networks in narcolepsy patients compared with healthy controls.Resting-state fMRI was performed in 26 adult narcolepsy patients and 30 matched healthy controls.MRI data were first analyzed by group independent component analysis,then a graph theoretical method was applied to evaluate the topological properties in the whole brain.Small-world network parameters and nodal topological properties were measured.Altered topological properties in brain areas between groups were selected as regionof-interest seeds,then the functional connectivity among these seeds was compared between groups.Partial correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the severity of sleepiness and functional connectivity or topological properties in the narcolepsy patients.Twenty-one independent components out of 48 were obtained.Compared with healthy controls,the narcolepsy patients exhibited significantly decreased functional connectivity within the executive and salience networks,along with increased functional connectivity in the bilateral frontal lobes within the executive network.There were no differences in small-world network properties between patients and controls.The altered brain areas in nodal topological properties between groups were mainly in the inferior frontal cortex,basal ganglia,anterior cingulate,sensory cortex,supplementary motor cortex,and visual cortex.In the partial correlation analysis,nodal topological properties in the putamen,anterior cingulate,and sensory cortex as well as functional connectivity between these regions were correlated with the severity of sleepiness(sleep latency,REM sleep latency,and Epworth sleepiness score)among narcolepsy patients.Altered connectivity within the executive and salience networks was found in narcolepsy patients.Functional connection changes between the left frontal cortex and left caudate nucleus may be one of the parameters describing the severity of narcolepsy.Changes in the nodal topological properties in the left putamen and left posterior cingulate,changes in functional connectivity between the left supplementary motor area and right occipital as well as in functional connectivity between the left anterior cingulate gyrus and bilateral postcentral gyrus can be considered as a specific indicator for evaluating the severity of narcolepsy.展开更多
The human brain undergoes rapid development during childhood,with significant improvement in a wide spectrum of cognitive and affective functions.Mapping domain-and age-specific brain activity patterns has important i...The human brain undergoes rapid development during childhood,with significant improvement in a wide spectrum of cognitive and affective functions.Mapping domain-and age-specific brain activity patterns has important implications for characterizing the development of children’s cognitive and affective functions.The current mainstay of brain templates is primarily derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and thus is not ideal for mapping children’s cognitive and affective brain development.By integrating task-dependent functional MRI data from a large sample of 250 children(aged 7 to 12)across multiple domains and the latest easy-to-use and transparent preprocessing workflow,we here created a set of age-specific brain functional activity maps across four domains:attention,executive function,emotion,and risky decision-making.Moreover,we developed a toolbox named Developmental Brain Functional Activity maps across multiple domains that enables researchers to visualize and download domain-and age-specific brain activity maps for various needs.This toolbox and maps have been released on the Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse website(http://www.nitrc.org/projects/dbfa).Our study provides domain-and age-specific brain activity maps for future developmental neuroimaging studies in both healthy and clinical populations.展开更多
This is a rotating charge loop model of an electron which explains the electron’s de Broglie base frequency to an accuracy of over 6 decimal places. The model also predicts the magnetic moment of the electron to over...This is a rotating charge loop model of an electron which explains the electron’s de Broglie base frequency to an accuracy of over 6 decimal places. The model also predicts the magnetic moment of the electron to over 6 decimal places and helps explain the transition from a purely electromagnetic photon to a fermion state of matter. The model also explains how charge and spin are conserved in the transition. Finally, this concept might be extended to explain the muon and tau higher energy states of the electron as well.展开更多
School-age children are in a specific development stage corresponding to juvenility,when the white matter of the brain experiences ongoing maturation.Dffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging(DWI),especially diffus...School-age children are in a specific development stage corresponding to juvenility,when the white matter of the brain experiences ongoing maturation.Dffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging(DWI),especially diffusion tensor imaging(DTI),is extensively used to characterize the maturation by assessing white matter properties in vivo.In the analysis of DWI data,spatial normalization is crucial for conducting inter-subject analyses or linking the individual space with the reference space.Using tensor-based registration with an appropriate diffusion tensor template presents high accuracy regarding spatial normalization.However,there is a lack of a standardized diffusion tensor template dedicated to school-age children with ongoing brain development.Here,we established the school-age children diffusion tensor(SACT)template by optimizing tensor reorientation on high-quality DTI data from a large sample of cognitively normal participants aged 6-12 years.With an age-balanced design,the SACT template represented the entire age range well by showing high similarity to the age-specific templates.Compared with the tensor template of adults,the SACT template revealed significantly higher spatial normalization accuracy and inter-subject coherence upon evaluation of subjects in two different datasets of schoolage children.A practical application regarding the age associations with the normalized DTI-derived data was conducted to further compare the SACT template and the adult template.Although similar spatial patterns were found,the SACT template showed significant effects on the distributions of the statistical results,which may be related to the performance of spatial normalization.Looking forward,the SACT template could contribute to future studies of white matter development in both healthy and clinical populations.The SACT template is publicly available now(tp://igshare com/aricles/dataseu'SACT_.template/14071283).展开更多
Functional brain imaging technology has developed rapidly in recent years.On the one hand,high-field 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has excelled the limited spatial resolution of 3-Tesla MRI,allowing us to ent...Functional brain imaging technology has developed rapidly in recent years.On the one hand,high-field 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has excelled the limited spatial resolution of 3-Tesla MRI,allowing us to enter a new world of mesoscopic imaging from the macroscopic imaging of human brain functions.On the other hand,novel optical pumping magnetometer-magnetoencephalography(OPM-MEG)has broken down the technical barriers of traditional superconducting MEG,which brings imaging of neuronal electromagnetic signals from cortical imaging to whole-brain imaging.This article aims to present a brief introduction regarding the development of conventional MRI and MEG technology,and,more importantly,to delineate that high-field MRI and OPM-MEG complement each other and together will lead us into a new era of functional brain imaging.展开更多
Cerebral small vessel disease(SVD)involves ischemic white matter damage and choroid plexus(CP)dysfunction for cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)production.Given the vascular and CSF links between the eye and brain,this study ex...Cerebral small vessel disease(SVD)involves ischemic white matter damage and choroid plexus(CP)dysfunction for cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)production.Given the vascular and CSF links between the eye and brain,this study explored whether retinal vascular morphology can indicate cerebrovascular injury and CP dysfunction in SVD.We assessed SVD burden using imaging phenotypes like white matter hyperintensities(WMH),perivascular spaces,lacunes,and microbleeds.Cerebrovascular injury was quantified by WMH volume and peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity(PSMD),while CP volume measured its dysfunction.Retinal vascular markers were derived from fundus images,with associations analyzed using generalized linear models and Pearson correlations.Path analysis quantified contributions of cerebrovascular injury and CP volume to retinal changes.Support vector machine models were developed to predict SVD severity using retinal and demographic data.Among 815 participants,578 underwent ocular imaging.Increased SVD burden markedly correlated with both cerebral and retinal biomarkers,with retinal alterations equally influenced by cerebrovascular damage and CP enlargement.Machine learning models showed robust predictive power for severe SVD burden(AUC was 0.82),PSMD(0.81),WMH volume(0.77),and CP volume(0.80).These findings suggest that retinal imaging could serve as a cost-effective,noninvasive tool for SVD screening based on vascular and CSF connections.展开更多
Connectome mapping studies have documented a principal primary-to-transmodal gradient in the adult brain network,capturing a functional spectrum that ranges from perception and action to abstract cognition.However,how...Connectome mapping studies have documented a principal primary-to-transmodal gradient in the adult brain network,capturing a functional spectrum that ranges from perception and action to abstract cognition.However,how this gradient pattern develops and whether its development is linked to cognitive growth,topological reorganization,and gene expression profiles remain largely unknown.Using longitudinal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 305 children(aged 6-14 years),we describe substantial changes in the primary-to-transmodal gradient between childhood and adolescence,including emergence as the principal gradient,expansion of global topography,and focal tuning in primary and default-mode regions.These gradient changes are mediated by developmental changes in network integration and segregation,and are associated with abstract processing functions such as working memory and expression levels of calcium ion regulated exocytosis and synaptic transmission-related genes.Our findings have implications for understanding connectome maturation principles in normal development and developmental disorders.展开更多
Background:The cumulative effect of body mass index(BMI)on brain health remains ill-deffned.The effects of overweight on brain health across different age groups need clariffcation.We analyzed the effect of cumulative...Background:The cumulative effect of body mass index(BMI)on brain health remains ill-deffned.The effects of overweight on brain health across different age groups need clariffcation.We analyzed the effect of cumulative BMI on neuroimaging features of brain health in adults of different ages.Methods:This study was based on a multicenter,community-based cohort study.We modeled the trajectories of BMI over 16 years to evaluate cumulative exposure.Multimodality neuroimaging data were collected once for volumetric measurements of the brain macrostructure,white matter hyperintensity(WMH),and brain microstructure.We used a generalized linear model to evaluate the association between cumulative BMI and neuroimaging features.Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was performed using summary level of BMI genetic data from 681,275 individuals and neuroimaging genetic data from 33,224 individuals to analyze the causal relationships.Results:Clinical and neuroimaging data were obtained from 1,074 adults(25 to 83 years).For adults aged under 45 years,brain volume differences in participants with a cumulative BMI of>26.2 kg/m^(2) corresponded to 12.0 years[95%conffdence interval(CI),3.0 to 20.0]of brain aging.Differences in WMH were statistically substantial for participants aged over 60 years,with a 6.0-ml(95%CI,1.5 to 10.5)larger volume.Genetic analysis indicated causal relationships between high BMI and smaller gray matter and higher fractional anisotropy in projection ffbers.Conclusion:High cumulative BMI is associated with smaller brain volume,larger volume of white matter lesions,and abnormal microstructural integrity.Adults younger than 45 years are suggested to maintain their BMI below 26.2 kg/m^(2) for better brain health.Trial Registration:This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov(Clinical Indicators and Brain Image Data:A Cohort Study Based on Kailuan Cohort;No.NCT05453877;https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05453877).展开更多
基金supported by the Commonwealth Sciences Foundation, Ministry of Health, China (200802073)the National Basic Research Development Program, Ministry of Science and Technology, China (2007BAI17B03)+1 种基金the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (30970802, 81000593, 81020108022, 81271652)the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning
文摘Regional homogeneity（ReHo）and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation（ALFF）are two approaches to depicting different regional characteristics of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging（RS-fMRI）data.Whether they can complementarily reveal brain regional functional abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）remains unknown.In this study,we applied ReHo and ALFF to 23 medication-na ve boys diagnosed with ADHD and 25 age-matched healthy male controls using whole-brain voxel-wise analysis.Correlation analyses were conducted in the ADHD group to investigate the relationship between the regional spontaneous brain activity measured by the two approaches and the clinical symptoms of ADHD.We found that the ReHo method showed widely-distributed differences between the two groups in the fronto-cingulo-occipitocerebellar circuitry,while the ALFF method showed a difference only in the right occipital area.When a larger smoothing kernel and a more lenient threshold were used for ALFF,more overlapped regions were found between ALFF and ReHo,and ALFF even found some new regions with group differences.The ADHD symptom scores were correlated with the ReHo values in the right cerebellum,dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and left lingual gyrus in the ADHD group,while no correlation was detected between ALFF and ADHD symptoms.In conclusion,ReHo may be more sensitive to regional abnormalities,at least in boys with ADHD,than ALFF.And ALFF may be complementary to ReHo in measuring local spontaneous activity.Combination of the two may yield a more comprehensive pathophy-siological framework for ADHD.
基金the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(Grants 81790650,81790651,81727808,81627901,and 31771253)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grants Z171100000117012 and Z181100001518003)the Collaborative Research Fund of the Chinese Institute for Brain Research,Beijing(No.2020-NKXPT-02).
文摘As one of the most widely used languages in the world,Chinese language is distinct from most western languages in many properties,thus providing a unique opportunity for understanding the brain basis of human language and cognition.In recent years,non-invasive neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)blaze a new trail to comprehensively study specific neural correlates of Chinese language processing and Chinese speakers.We reviewed the application of functional MRI(fMRI)in such studies and some essential findings on brain systems in processing Chinese.Specifically,for example,the application of task fMRI and resting-state fMRI in observing the process of reading and writing the logographic characters and producing or listening to the tonal speech.Elementary cognitive neuroscience and several potential research directions around brain and Chinese language were discussed,which may be informative for future research.
基金supported by grants from the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LGJ22H180001)Zhejiang Medical and Health Science and Technology Project(2021KY249)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1310000).
文摘Attempts have been made to modulate motor sequence learning(MSL)through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,targeting different sites within the sensorimotor network.However,the target with the optimum modulatory effect on neural plasticity associated with MSL remains unclarified.This study was therefore designed to compare the role of the left primary motor cortex and the left supplementary motor area proper(SMAp)in modulating MSL across different complexity levels and for both hands,as well as the associated neuroplasticity by applying intermittent theta burst stimulation together with the electroencephalogram and concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation.Our data demonstrated the role of SMAp stimulation in modulating neural communication to support MSL,which is achieved by facilitating regional activation and orchestrating neural coupling across distributed brain regions,particularly in interhemispheric connections.These findings may have important clinical implications,particularly for motor rehabilitation in populations such as post-stroke patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81700088 and 81671765)the Key International (Regional) Cooperation Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81420108002)+1 种基金the National Basic Research Development Program (973 Program) of China (2015CB856405)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (7172121)
文摘The present study was aimed to evaluate restingstate functional connectivity and topological properties of brain networks in narcolepsy patients compared with healthy controls.Resting-state fMRI was performed in 26 adult narcolepsy patients and 30 matched healthy controls.MRI data were first analyzed by group independent component analysis,then a graph theoretical method was applied to evaluate the topological properties in the whole brain.Small-world network parameters and nodal topological properties were measured.Altered topological properties in brain areas between groups were selected as regionof-interest seeds,then the functional connectivity among these seeds was compared between groups.Partial correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the severity of sleepiness and functional connectivity or topological properties in the narcolepsy patients.Twenty-one independent components out of 48 were obtained.Compared with healthy controls,the narcolepsy patients exhibited significantly decreased functional connectivity within the executive and salience networks,along with increased functional connectivity in the bilateral frontal lobes within the executive network.There were no differences in small-world network properties between patients and controls.The altered brain areas in nodal topological properties between groups were mainly in the inferior frontal cortex,basal ganglia,anterior cingulate,sensory cortex,supplementary motor cortex,and visual cortex.In the partial correlation analysis,nodal topological properties in the putamen,anterior cingulate,and sensory cortex as well as functional connectivity between these regions were correlated with the severity of sleepiness(sleep latency,REM sleep latency,and Epworth sleepiness score)among narcolepsy patients.Altered connectivity within the executive and salience networks was found in narcolepsy patients.Functional connection changes between the left frontal cortex and left caudate nucleus may be one of the parameters describing the severity of narcolepsy.Changes in the nodal topological properties in the left putamen and left posterior cingulate,changes in functional connectivity between the left supplementary motor area and right occipital as well as in functional connectivity between the left anterior cingulate gyrus and bilateral postcentral gyrus can be considered as a specific indicator for evaluating the severity of narcolepsy.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31522028,71834002,31530031,81571056,31521063,and 61775139)the Youth Science and Technology Innovation Program,Beijing Brain Initiative of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z181100001518003)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning(CNLZD1503 and CNLZD1703)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘The human brain undergoes rapid development during childhood,with significant improvement in a wide spectrum of cognitive and affective functions.Mapping domain-and age-specific brain activity patterns has important implications for characterizing the development of children’s cognitive and affective functions.The current mainstay of brain templates is primarily derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and thus is not ideal for mapping children’s cognitive and affective brain development.By integrating task-dependent functional MRI data from a large sample of 250 children(aged 7 to 12)across multiple domains and the latest easy-to-use and transparent preprocessing workflow,we here created a set of age-specific brain functional activity maps across four domains:attention,executive function,emotion,and risky decision-making.Moreover,we developed a toolbox named Developmental Brain Functional Activity maps across multiple domains that enables researchers to visualize and download domain-and age-specific brain activity maps for various needs.This toolbox and maps have been released on the Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse website(http://www.nitrc.org/projects/dbfa).Our study provides domain-and age-specific brain activity maps for future developmental neuroimaging studies in both healthy and clinical populations.
文摘This is a rotating charge loop model of an electron which explains the electron’s de Broglie base frequency to an accuracy of over 6 decimal places. The model also predicts the magnetic moment of the electron to over 6 decimal places and helps explain the transition from a purely electromagnetic photon to a fermion state of matter. The model also explains how charge and spin are conserved in the transition. Finally, this concept might be extended to explain the muon and tau higher energy states of the electron as well.
基金supported by the Beijing Brain Initiative of Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z1811001518003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31521063)All the authors thank the National Center for Protein Sciences at Peking University for assistance_with brain scanning.The authors thank the"2019 Helmholtz-OCPC-Program for the involvement of postdocs in bilateral collaboration projects"for financial support that enabled this important study,Allthe authors are grateful for the contribution of the participants to the CBD project and the open access to the NKI-Rockiand sample.
文摘School-age children are in a specific development stage corresponding to juvenility,when the white matter of the brain experiences ongoing maturation.Dffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging(DWI),especially diffusion tensor imaging(DTI),is extensively used to characterize the maturation by assessing white matter properties in vivo.In the analysis of DWI data,spatial normalization is crucial for conducting inter-subject analyses or linking the individual space with the reference space.Using tensor-based registration with an appropriate diffusion tensor template presents high accuracy regarding spatial normalization.However,there is a lack of a standardized diffusion tensor template dedicated to school-age children with ongoing brain development.Here,we established the school-age children diffusion tensor(SACT)template by optimizing tensor reorientation on high-quality DTI data from a large sample of cognitively normal participants aged 6-12 years.With an age-balanced design,the SACT template represented the entire age range well by showing high similarity to the age-specific templates.Compared with the tensor template of adults,the SACT template revealed significantly higher spatial normalization accuracy and inter-subject coherence upon evaluation of subjects in two different datasets of schoolage children.A practical application regarding the age associations with the normalized DTI-derived data was conducted to further compare the SACT template and the adult template.Although similar spatial patterns were found,the SACT template showed significant effects on the distributions of the statistical results,which may be related to the performance of spatial normalization.Looking forward,the SACT template could contribute to future studies of white matter development in both healthy and clinical populations.The SACT template is publicly available now(tp://igshare com/aricles/dataseu'SACT_.template/14071283).
文摘Functional brain imaging technology has developed rapidly in recent years.On the one hand,high-field 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has excelled the limited spatial resolution of 3-Tesla MRI,allowing us to enter a new world of mesoscopic imaging from the macroscopic imaging of human brain functions.On the other hand,novel optical pumping magnetometer-magnetoencephalography(OPM-MEG)has broken down the technical barriers of traditional superconducting MEG,which brings imaging of neuronal electromagnetic signals from cortical imaging to whole-brain imaging.This article aims to present a brief introduction regarding the development of conventional MRI and MEG technology,and,more importantly,to delineate that high-field MRI and OPM-MEG complement each other and together will lead us into a new era of functional brain imaging.
基金partially supported by the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM202410025017)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62171297,61931013,and 82272072)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(7242267)Beijing Scholars Program([2015]160)Nature Cultivation Fund of Capital Medical University(PYZ23035)Research Incubation Fund of Yanjing Medical College of Capital Medical University(23kypyz02).
文摘Cerebral small vessel disease(SVD)involves ischemic white matter damage and choroid plexus(CP)dysfunction for cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)production.Given the vascular and CSF links between the eye and brain,this study explored whether retinal vascular morphology can indicate cerebrovascular injury and CP dysfunction in SVD.We assessed SVD burden using imaging phenotypes like white matter hyperintensities(WMH),perivascular spaces,lacunes,and microbleeds.Cerebrovascular injury was quantified by WMH volume and peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity(PSMD),while CP volume measured its dysfunction.Retinal vascular markers were derived from fundus images,with associations analyzed using generalized linear models and Pearson correlations.Path analysis quantified contributions of cerebrovascular injury and CP volume to retinal changes.Support vector machine models were developed to predict SVD severity using retinal and demographic data.Among 815 participants,578 underwent ocular imaging.Increased SVD burden markedly correlated with both cerebral and retinal biomarkers,with retinal alterations equally influenced by cerebrovascular damage and CP enlargement.Machine learning models showed robust predictive power for severe SVD burden(AUC was 0.82),PSMD(0.81),WMH volume(0.77),and CP volume(0.80).These findings suggest that retinal imaging could serve as a cost-effective,noninvasive tool for SVD screening based on vascular and CSF connections.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31830034,82021004,81620108016,31221003,31521063,81671767,82071998,81971690,32130045,and 61761166004)Changjiang Scholar Professorship Award(T2015027)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2018YFA0701402)Beijing Nova Program(Z191100001119023)the Beijing Brain Initiative of Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z181100001518003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020NTST29)。
文摘Connectome mapping studies have documented a principal primary-to-transmodal gradient in the adult brain network,capturing a functional spectrum that ranges from perception and action to abstract cognition.However,how this gradient pattern develops and whether its development is linked to cognitive growth,topological reorganization,and gene expression profiles remain largely unknown.Using longitudinal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 305 children(aged 6-14 years),we describe substantial changes in the primary-to-transmodal gradient between childhood and adolescence,including emergence as the principal gradient,expansion of global topography,and focal tuning in primary and default-mode regions.These gradient changes are mediated by developmental changes in network integration and segregation,and are associated with abstract processing functions such as working memory and expression levels of calcium ion regulated exocytosis and synaptic transmission-related genes.Our findings have implications for understanding connectome maturation principles in normal development and developmental disorders.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62171297 and 61931013)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(7242267)Beijing Scholars Program([2015]160).
文摘Background:The cumulative effect of body mass index(BMI)on brain health remains ill-deffned.The effects of overweight on brain health across different age groups need clariffcation.We analyzed the effect of cumulative BMI on neuroimaging features of brain health in adults of different ages.Methods:This study was based on a multicenter,community-based cohort study.We modeled the trajectories of BMI over 16 years to evaluate cumulative exposure.Multimodality neuroimaging data were collected once for volumetric measurements of the brain macrostructure,white matter hyperintensity(WMH),and brain microstructure.We used a generalized linear model to evaluate the association between cumulative BMI and neuroimaging features.Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was performed using summary level of BMI genetic data from 681,275 individuals and neuroimaging genetic data from 33,224 individuals to analyze the causal relationships.Results:Clinical and neuroimaging data were obtained from 1,074 adults(25 to 83 years).For adults aged under 45 years,brain volume differences in participants with a cumulative BMI of>26.2 kg/m^(2) corresponded to 12.0 years[95%conffdence interval(CI),3.0 to 20.0]of brain aging.Differences in WMH were statistically substantial for participants aged over 60 years,with a 6.0-ml(95%CI,1.5 to 10.5)larger volume.Genetic analysis indicated causal relationships between high BMI and smaller gray matter and higher fractional anisotropy in projection ffbers.Conclusion:High cumulative BMI is associated with smaller brain volume,larger volume of white matter lesions,and abnormal microstructural integrity.Adults younger than 45 years are suggested to maintain their BMI below 26.2 kg/m^(2) for better brain health.Trial Registration:This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov(Clinical Indicators and Brain Image Data:A Cohort Study Based on Kailuan Cohort;No.NCT05453877;https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05453877).
