Hydriding and dehydriding properties of MgH_(2)-x wt.%NiMn_(9.3)Al_(4.0)Co_(14.1)Fe_(3.6)(x=10,25,50)nanocomposites have been investigated in present work.Doped alloy was prepared by arc melting method and ball milled...Hydriding and dehydriding properties of MgH_(2)-x wt.%NiMn_(9.3)Al_(4.0)Co_(14.1)Fe_(3.6)(x=10,25,50)nanocomposites have been investigated in present work.Doped alloy was prepared by arc melting method and ball milled with MgH_(2)to get nanocomposites.Onset temperature as low as 180℃was observed for MgH_(2)-50 wt%system which is 80℃lower than the as-milled MgH_(2)giving 131.34 KJ/mol activation energy.Structural analysis shows tetragonal,orthorhombic and monoclinic phases for MgH_(2),Al_(60)Mn_(11)Ni_(4)and Mg_(2)NiH_(4).Morphology by SEM were undertaken to investigate the effect of hydrogenation on nanostructured alloy.DSC studies show a single broad exothermic peak in the temperature range 48℃-353℃after alloy addition in MgH_(2).These results indicate that the hydrogenation properties of MgH_(2)nanocomposite have been improved compared to the as-milled MgH_(2).展开更多
Polypropylene (PP) is rated first as volume leader in the plastic sector. Its non-biodegradable property poses serious environmental problem in case of disposal. The catalytic cracking of PP was performed with various...Polypropylene (PP) is rated first as volume leader in the plastic sector. Its non-biodegradable property poses serious environmental problem in case of disposal. The catalytic cracking of PP was performed with various catalysts i.e. ZSM-5, Zeolite, RB and SPS. The cracking was observed under different feed to catalyst ratio i.e. 1:1 to 5:1. The fluidized bed reactor was fabricated with arrangement to measure the temperature ranging from 100<sup>。</sup>C to 800<sup>。</sup>C. The effective of feed to catalyst ratio was found 3:1 at a temperature range of 420<sup>。</sup>C - 510<sup>。</sup>C and catalyst ZSM-5 gives maximum liquid conversion of waste PP. Conversion of PP to liquid fuel will not only resolve the problem of disposal of waste polypropylene plastic but also give a value aided product.展开更多
Time delay is an inherent characteristic of real-world phenomena which may affect the system's characteristic.The systems including delay are known as time-delay systems,they are represented using delay differenti...Time delay is an inherent characteristic of real-world phenomena which may affect the system's characteristic.The systems including delay are known as time-delay systems,they are represented using delay differential equations.Modeling,discretisation,stability and control design for time-delay systems are still challenging in modern control theory.This paper systematically overviews available discretisation methods of linear and nonlinear time-delay systems.Emphasis is placed on illustrating fundamental results and recent progress on discretisation methods for delay systems.Numerous methods for the discretisation of linear and nonlinear systems considering input delays,state or output delays in the system's dynamics have been presented.A particular attention will be paid to illustrate effects of the discretisation process on the stability of discretised systems.Examples of mathematical descriptions,problems,and performance analysis for delay systems are presented.The presentation of discretisation methods is as easy as possible,focussing more on the main ideas and mathematical concepts by analogy.Finally,some possible future research directions to be tackled by researchers in this field are discussed.展开更多
The promotion of recent critical load securing of power system research has been directed towards centralized commands and control functions.This paper presents a multi-agent based critical load securing in a PV based...The promotion of recent critical load securing of power system research has been directed towards centralized commands and control functions.This paper presents a multi-agent based critical load securing in a PV based microgrid.For the trustworthy operation of critical buildings,the reliability,efficiency and security of the power system should be guaranteed.At present,to increase the security and reliability of electricity supply there is a need to design a distributed and autonomous subset of a larger grid or a microgrid.This work also clearly discusses the modelling and simulation of specialized microgrid called an Intelligent Distributed Autonomous Power Systems(IDAPS).The IDAPS microgrid plays a crucial role in constructing power grid that facilitate use of renewable energy technologies.IDAPS microgrid comprising of solar photovoltaic as distributed energy resources,different loads and their control algorithms,has been developed.Several case studies have been simulated to evaluate the operation of the IDAPS microgrid during parallel,islanded mode operation and securing critical loads during emergency.展开更多
Global warming and climate change are two key probing issues in the present context.The electricity sector and transportation sector are two principle entities propelling both these issues.Emissions from these two sec...Global warming and climate change are two key probing issues in the present context.The electricity sector and transportation sector are two principle entities propelling both these issues.Emissions from these two sectors can be offset by switching to greener ways of transportation through the electric vehicle (EV) and renewable energy technologies (RET).Thus,effective scheduling of both resources holds the key to sustainable practice.This paper presents a scheduling scenario-based approach in the smart grid.Problem formulation with dual objective function including both emissions and cost is developed for conventional unit commitment with EV and RET deployment.In this work,the scheduling and commitment problem is solved using the fireworks algorithm which mimics explosion of fireworks in the sky to define search space and the distance between associated sparks to evaluate global minimum.Further,binary coded fireworks algorithm is developed for the proposed scheduling problem in the smart grid.Thereafter,possible scenarios inconventional as well as smart grid are put forward.Following that,the proposed methodology is simulated using a test system with thermal generators.展开更多
The electric sector contributes substantially to both greenhouse gas(GHG)and non-greenhouse gas(NGHG)emissions,which means that both conventional and thermal generation companies(GENCOs)must follow certain environment...The electric sector contributes substantially to both greenhouse gas(GHG)and non-greenhouse gas(NGHG)emissions,which means that both conventional and thermal generation companies(GENCOs)must follow certain environmental guidelines to address various emission requirements.This paper presents a methodology to investigate the feasibility of both GHG and NGHG emission reduction in a deregulated electricity market.The proposed model takes into consideration the effect of NGHG emission cost constraints in conjunction with classical GHG emission constraints for the scheduling aspects of GENCO.A profit based self-scheduling problem with conventional fossil fueled generators and renewable energy technologies(RETs)is formulated including emission penalties and avoidance costs of GHG and NGHG emissions,respectively.Thereafter,a set of pareto solutions is evaluated for different possible scheduling scenarios.A simple,effective optimality criteria is also postulated to identify the tradeoff solution.Finally,a sensitivity analysis of various technical,environmental,as well as economic aspects is presented to examine the effect of NGHG consideration and RET inclusion in scheduling.The simulation results are presented and discussed in detail to examine the effect of NGHG consideration in self-scheduling practices of GENCO in the electricity market,thus reflecting the benefits of the proposed approach over classical emission handling approaches.展开更多
基金Priyanka Meena is thankful to Malaviya National Institute of Technology(MNIT),Jaipur for providing Institute Assis-tant fellowship for PhD work.
文摘Hydriding and dehydriding properties of MgH_(2)-x wt.%NiMn_(9.3)Al_(4.0)Co_(14.1)Fe_(3.6)(x=10,25,50)nanocomposites have been investigated in present work.Doped alloy was prepared by arc melting method and ball milled with MgH_(2)to get nanocomposites.Onset temperature as low as 180℃was observed for MgH_(2)-50 wt%system which is 80℃lower than the as-milled MgH_(2)giving 131.34 KJ/mol activation energy.Structural analysis shows tetragonal,orthorhombic and monoclinic phases for MgH_(2),Al_(60)Mn_(11)Ni_(4)and Mg_(2)NiH_(4).Morphology by SEM were undertaken to investigate the effect of hydrogenation on nanostructured alloy.DSC studies show a single broad exothermic peak in the temperature range 48℃-353℃after alloy addition in MgH_(2).These results indicate that the hydrogenation properties of MgH_(2)nanocomposite have been improved compared to the as-milled MgH_(2).
文摘Polypropylene (PP) is rated first as volume leader in the plastic sector. Its non-biodegradable property poses serious environmental problem in case of disposal. The catalytic cracking of PP was performed with various catalysts i.e. ZSM-5, Zeolite, RB and SPS. The cracking was observed under different feed to catalyst ratio i.e. 1:1 to 5:1. The fluidized bed reactor was fabricated with arrangement to measure the temperature ranging from 100<sup>。</sup>C to 800<sup>。</sup>C. The effective of feed to catalyst ratio was found 3:1 at a temperature range of 420<sup>。</sup>C - 510<sup>。</sup>C and catalyst ZSM-5 gives maximum liquid conversion of waste PP. Conversion of PP to liquid fuel will not only resolve the problem of disposal of waste polypropylene plastic but also give a value aided product.
文摘Time delay is an inherent characteristic of real-world phenomena which may affect the system's characteristic.The systems including delay are known as time-delay systems,they are represented using delay differential equations.Modeling,discretisation,stability and control design for time-delay systems are still challenging in modern control theory.This paper systematically overviews available discretisation methods of linear and nonlinear time-delay systems.Emphasis is placed on illustrating fundamental results and recent progress on discretisation methods for delay systems.Numerous methods for the discretisation of linear and nonlinear systems considering input delays,state or output delays in the system's dynamics have been presented.A particular attention will be paid to illustrate effects of the discretisation process on the stability of discretised systems.Examples of mathematical descriptions,problems,and performance analysis for delay systems are presented.The presentation of discretisation methods is as easy as possible,focussing more on the main ideas and mathematical concepts by analogy.Finally,some possible future research directions to be tackled by researchers in this field are discussed.
文摘The promotion of recent critical load securing of power system research has been directed towards centralized commands and control functions.This paper presents a multi-agent based critical load securing in a PV based microgrid.For the trustworthy operation of critical buildings,the reliability,efficiency and security of the power system should be guaranteed.At present,to increase the security and reliability of electricity supply there is a need to design a distributed and autonomous subset of a larger grid or a microgrid.This work also clearly discusses the modelling and simulation of specialized microgrid called an Intelligent Distributed Autonomous Power Systems(IDAPS).The IDAPS microgrid plays a crucial role in constructing power grid that facilitate use of renewable energy technologies.IDAPS microgrid comprising of solar photovoltaic as distributed energy resources,different loads and their control algorithms,has been developed.Several case studies have been simulated to evaluate the operation of the IDAPS microgrid during parallel,islanded mode operation and securing critical loads during emergency.
文摘Global warming and climate change are two key probing issues in the present context.The electricity sector and transportation sector are two principle entities propelling both these issues.Emissions from these two sectors can be offset by switching to greener ways of transportation through the electric vehicle (EV) and renewable energy technologies (RET).Thus,effective scheduling of both resources holds the key to sustainable practice.This paper presents a scheduling scenario-based approach in the smart grid.Problem formulation with dual objective function including both emissions and cost is developed for conventional unit commitment with EV and RET deployment.In this work,the scheduling and commitment problem is solved using the fireworks algorithm which mimics explosion of fireworks in the sky to define search space and the distance between associated sparks to evaluate global minimum.Further,binary coded fireworks algorithm is developed for the proposed scheduling problem in the smart grid.Thereafter,possible scenarios inconventional as well as smart grid are put forward.Following that,the proposed methodology is simulated using a test system with thermal generators.
文摘The electric sector contributes substantially to both greenhouse gas(GHG)and non-greenhouse gas(NGHG)emissions,which means that both conventional and thermal generation companies(GENCOs)must follow certain environmental guidelines to address various emission requirements.This paper presents a methodology to investigate the feasibility of both GHG and NGHG emission reduction in a deregulated electricity market.The proposed model takes into consideration the effect of NGHG emission cost constraints in conjunction with classical GHG emission constraints for the scheduling aspects of GENCO.A profit based self-scheduling problem with conventional fossil fueled generators and renewable energy technologies(RETs)is formulated including emission penalties and avoidance costs of GHG and NGHG emissions,respectively.Thereafter,a set of pareto solutions is evaluated for different possible scheduling scenarios.A simple,effective optimality criteria is also postulated to identify the tradeoff solution.Finally,a sensitivity analysis of various technical,environmental,as well as economic aspects is presented to examine the effect of NGHG consideration and RET inclusion in scheduling.The simulation results are presented and discussed in detail to examine the effect of NGHG consideration in self-scheduling practices of GENCO in the electricity market,thus reflecting the benefits of the proposed approach over classical emission handling approaches.
