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金是PCB和IC载板的关键成分
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作者 SCHAFSTELLER Britta NELLE Sandra +1 位作者 JOHAL Kuldip “电子首席情报官”编辑组(翻译) 《印制电路信息》 2025年第7期49-53,共5页
探究黄金在印制电路板(PCB)和集成电路(IC)载板表面涂饰的关键作用,详细分析化学镀镍/浸金(ENIG)、化学镀镍/化学镀钯/浸金(ENEPIG)、化学镀钯/自催化金(EPAG)等金电解液的特性、镀覆机理和性能特点。通过对比不同电解液类型在ENIG工艺... 探究黄金在印制电路板(PCB)和集成电路(IC)载板表面涂饰的关键作用,详细分析化学镀镍/浸金(ENIG)、化学镀镍/化学镀钯/浸金(ENEPIG)、化学镀钯/自催化金(EPAG)等金电解液的特性、镀覆机理和性能特点。通过对比不同电解液类型在ENIG工艺中的镍腐蚀表现,揭示高自催化比例金电解液在抑制镍腐蚀方面的优势,指出金电解液选择需结合应用场景。最后,探讨了未来镀金工艺所面临的挑战。 展开更多
关键词 黄金 表面涂饰 金电解液 耐腐蚀性
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Design of switched linear systems in the presence of actuator saturation and L-infinity disturbances 被引量:1
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作者 Liang LU Zongli LIN Haijun FANG 《控制理论与应用(英文版)》 EI 2010年第3期333-343,共11页
This paper considers the problem of disturbance tolerance/rejection of a switched system resulting from a family of linear systems subject to actuator saturation and E-infinity disturbances. For a given set of linear ... This paper considers the problem of disturbance tolerance/rejection of a switched system resulting from a family of linear systems subject to actuator saturation and E-infinity disturbances. For a given set of linear feedback gains, a given switching scheme and a given bound on the E-infinity norm of the disturbances, conditions are established, in terms of linear or bilinear matrix inequalities, under which a set of a certain form is invariant for a given switched linear system in the presence of actuator saturation and E-infinity disturbances, and the closed-loop system possesses a certain level of disturbance rejection capability. With these conditions, the design of feedback gains and switching scheme can be formulated and solved as constrained optimization problems. Disturbance tolerance is measured by the largest bound on the disturbances for which the trajectories starting from a given set remain bounded. Disturbance rejection is measured either by the E-infinity norm of the system output or by the system's ability to steer its state into and/or keep it within a small neighborhood of the origin. In the event that all systems in the family are identical, the switched system reduces to a single system under a switching feedback law. Simulation results show that such a single system under a switching feedback law could have stronger disturbance tolerance/rejection capability than a single linear feedback law can. 展开更多
关键词 Actuator saturation Disturbance rejection Disturbance tolerance L-infinity performance Set invariance Switched systems
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