BACKGROUND The reference ranges for biochemical parameters can fluctuate due to factors like altitude,age,gender,and socioeconomic conditions.These values are crucial for interpreting laboratory data and guide clinica...BACKGROUND The reference ranges for biochemical parameters can fluctuate due to factors like altitude,age,gender,and socioeconomic conditions.These values are crucial for interpreting laboratory data and guide clinical treatment decisions.Currently,there is no established set of reference intervals for cord blood biochemical parameters of newborns in India,particularly in Mumbai.AIM To create cord blood biochemical parameters reference intervals specifically for Mumbai,India.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in an Indian tertiary care hospital.This study focused on healthy newborns with normal birth weight,born to pregnant mothers without health issues.Cord blood samples,approximately 2-3 mL in volume,were collected from 210 term neonates.These samples were divided into fluoride(glucose)and clot activator(serum)tubes and were subsequently analyzed in the institute's biochemical laboratory.The data obtained from the analysis was then subjected to statistical analysis.The result of the Shapiro-Wilk test suggested non-normality in the data distribution.Consequently,nonparametric statistics were utilized for analysis.The Mann-Whitney U test was utilized to compare parameter distributions among different factors,including the infant’s sex,delivery method,maternal age,and obstetric history.A significance level of P<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.RESULTS The following represent the median figures and central 95 percentile reference intervals for biochemical parameters in umbilical cord blood of newborns:Serum direct bilirubin=(0.1-0.55)mg/dL,indirect bilirubin=(0.64-2.26)mg/dL,total bilirubin=(0.62-3.14)mg/dL,creatinine=(0.27-0.76)mg/dL,sodium=(128.19-143.26)mmol/L,chloride=(100.19-111.68)mmol/L,potassium=(1.62-9.98)mmol/L and plasma glucose=(24.75-94.23)mg/dL.Statistically significant differences were observed in serum sodium,potassium,and plasma glucose levels when comparing delivery modes.CONCLUSION This is the pioneering study in which first time,the biochemical reference intervals in cord blood for newborns are established in western India.The values are applicable for newborns from this area.Larger study throughout the country is required.展开更多
BACKGROUND The rising global burden of liver diseases,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis,has necessitated innovative therapeutic approaches.Plant-based therapies,recognized for their anti-inf...BACKGROUND The rising global burden of liver diseases,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis,has necessitated innovative therapeutic approaches.Plant-based therapies,recognized for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,have shown promising effects.However,poor bioavailability limits their clinical application.AIM To map global research trends,key contributors,and emerging themes in plant-based therapies combined with advanced drug delivery systems for liver health.METHODS Using the Scopus database,645 documents were retrieved and analyzed using bibliometric tools Biblioshiny and VOSviewer.Analysis focused on publication trends,geographical contributions,and advancements in drug delivery technologies,including nanoparticles,liposomes,and polymeric micelles.Metrics such as publication growth rate,authorship collaboration,and thematic clustering were assessed.RESULTS The dataset spans 43 years(1981-2024),with an annual growth rate of 11.09%in the number of publications.Research output is dominated by China(33%),followed by the United States(24%)and India(18%).Collaborative studies accounted for 24.34%of publications,with an average of 5.81 co-authors per document.Key innovations include nanoparticle encapsulation of curcumin and silymarin,improving bioavailability by up to 85%.Highly cited studies demonstrated the antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-fibrotic properties of these compounds.For instance,curcumin nanoparticles showed a 70%improvement in solubility,and silymarin liposomal formulations enhanced therapeutic efficiency by 62%.Thematic analysis revealed a transition from basic clinical observations to molecular and pharmacokinetic research,with a focus on oxidative stress mitigation and hepatoprotection.CONCLUSION This study highlights the growing synergy between plant-based therapies and advanced drug delivery systems,with significant contributions from Asian and Western countries.Future efforts should prioritize clinical trials,standardization of plant extract formulations,and interdisciplinary approaches to maximize therapeutic outcomes.The findings provide a foundation for integrating plant-derived compounds into evidence-based hepatological therapies,addressing critical challenges in bioavailability and safety.展开更多
This study investigates the transformative potential of big data analytics in healthcare, focusing on its application for forecasting patient outcomes and enhancing clinical decision-making. The primary challenges add...This study investigates the transformative potential of big data analytics in healthcare, focusing on its application for forecasting patient outcomes and enhancing clinical decision-making. The primary challenges addressed include data integration, quality, privacy issues, and the interpretability of complex machine-learning models. An extensive literature review evaluates the current state of big data analytics in healthcare, particularly predictive analytics. The research employs machine learning algorithms to develop predictive models aimed at specific patient outcomes, such as disease progression and treatment responses. The models are assessed based on three key metrics: accuracy, interpretability, and clinical relevance. The findings demonstrate that big data analytics can significantly revolutionize healthcare by providing data-driven insights that inform treatment decisions, anticipate complications, and identify high-risk patients. The predictive models developed show promise for enhancing clinical judgment and facilitating personalized treatment approaches. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of addressing data quality, integration, and privacy to ensure the ethical application of predictive analytics in clinical settings. The results contribute to the growing body of research on practical big data applications in healthcare, offering valuable recommendations for balancing patient privacy with the benefits of data-driven insights. Ultimately, this research has implications for policy-making, guiding the implementation of predictive models and fostering innovation aimed at improving healthcare outcomes.展开更多
Background In the recent digital era,individuals with internet gaming disorder(IGD)have reported a much higher prevalence of poor sleep quality,perceived stress and suicidal behaviour.However,the underlying mechanisms...Background In the recent digital era,individuals with internet gaming disorder(IGD)have reported a much higher prevalence of poor sleep quality,perceived stress and suicidal behaviour.However,the underlying mechanisms for these psychological problems remain unknown.Aims The primary aims of this study were to explore the mediating role of sleep quality on the relationship between IGD and the health outcomes of perceived stress and suicidal behaviour and to assess the prevalence and risk factors for IGD among medical students.Methods A cross-sectional study enrolling 795 medical students from two medical colleges in a rural area of North India was conducted from April to May 2022.The study participants were chosen using a stratified random sampling approach.A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data,including sociodemographic and personal information and gaming characteristics.The study also included the Gaming Disorder and Hazardous Gaming Scale,the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,the Perceived Stress Scale-10 and the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised to measure IGD,sleep quality,perceived stress and suicidal behaviour,respectively.Multiple logistic regression for the risk factors and Pearson's correlation test for the relationship between variables were used.Hayes'PROCESS macro for SPSS was employed to carry out mediation analysis.Results Among the 348 gamers with a mean age of 21.03(SD 3.27)years,the prevalence of IGD was 15.23%(95%confidence interval:11.6%to 19.4%).In the correlational analysis,small to large(r:0.32-0.72)significant relationships between scores of IGD and other health outcomes were established.The indirect effect(B=0.300)via sleep quality accounted for 30.55%of the total effect(B=0.982)of IGD on perceived stress(partially mediated),while sleep quality(B=0.174)accounted for 27.93%of the total effect(B=0.623)of IGD on suicidal behaviour(partially mediated).The factors of being male,living in a single-parent family,using the internet for other than academic purposes(1-3 hours and more than 3 hours/day),playing games for more than 3 hours/day and playing games with violent content were associated with IGD symptoms.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in human and animal’s communities in southern Saudi Arabia.Methods:A cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study was conducted in Aseer and Jazan...Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in human and animal’s communities in southern Saudi Arabia.Methods:A cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study was conducted in Aseer and Jazan,Saudi Arabia(October 2017-October 2018).Human serum samples(n=339)were initially screened for Brucella antibodies and positive samples were further titrated for Brucella antibodies by immunocapture assay(titer of≥1:320 as positive).Animal samples(n=828)were screened using the Rose Bengal test.Relationship status was dichotomized to measure and predict independent contributions to variations in human using univariate and multivariate stepwise binary logistic regression model.Results:The rate of brucellosis among the 339 human samples in the two regions was 33.9%,and the rate of acute brucellosis was 12.4%.The rate of brucellosis in animals was 4.7%.Human brucellosis among the target groups was higher in northwestern Aseer(53.3%)compared to Southeastern Aseer(25.9%)and Jazan region(20.6%).The disease was more prevalent among non-Saudi nationals(35.2%)compared to Saudis(30.5%).The rate of brucellosis among butchers and shepherds was 37.5%and 37.2%,respectively.The rate of brucellosis was 37.8%in people over 30 years of age.Our univariate analysis showed that residing in Aseer region(OR:2.60,95%CI:1.50-4.40),especially residing in northwestern Aseer region(OR:4.40,95%CI:2.40-7.90),frequent consumption of raw meat(OR:2.90,95%CI:1.50-5.50),shepherds(OR:2.10,95%CI:0.80-5.30),owning sheep(OR:2.20,95%CI:1.10-4.40),daily contact with animals(OR:2.10,95%CI:0.75-5.80),and those>30-year-old(OR:1.50,95%CI:1.00-2.40)were significantly associated with increased risks of brucellosis.Our multivariate analysis further showed that residing in northwestern Aseer(OR:9.16,95%CI:3.39-24.76)and having sheep(OR:1.16,95%CI:1.00-1.35)were significant and independent risks of brucellosis while residing in agricultural region(OR:0.28,95%CI:0.10-0.78)was a significant and independent protector against brucellosis.Conclusions:The study concluded that residing in northwestern Aseer area and having animals(sheep)are associated with significantly increased risks of brucellosis.展开更多
Objective: To determine and compare the diagnostic efficiency of various biomarkers [C-reactive protein, neutrophil percentage, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLCR), lactate, procalcitonin, blood culture] in the identif...Objective: To determine and compare the diagnostic efficiency of various biomarkers [C-reactive protein, neutrophil percentage, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLCR), lactate, procalcitonin, blood culture] in the identification of septic patients in emergency department (ED), and to assess the predictive value of combination of markers. Methods: This was a prospective, single centre study conducted in the ED of an urban, tertiary care hospital. We included patients who were admitted to the ED with symptoms of a possible infection. Blood cultures and serum measurement of the biomarkers were collected from 131 patients. Patients were determined to be septic or non-septic, based on the systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria and the diagnosis was made at the ED. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and area under curves (AUC) were calculated. Results: A total of 126 patients, 61 with sepsis and 65 without sepsis were eventually included in the study. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio displayed the highest accuracy in diagnosing sepsis (AUC 0.735, 95% CI=0648-0.822, P<0.001). The best combination of markers in predicting sepsis was NLCR and white blood cell (AUC: 0.801, 95% CI=0.724-0.878, P<0.001). Conclusions: The results of this small study showed that NLCR outperforms other markers in diagnosing sepsis in ED. It is readily available, cost efficient, non invasive and independent. It may be insufficient to rely on this single marker to diagnose sepsis, so some other diagnostic utilities should be taken into account as one part of the overall assessment. Our study also showed that combination of NLCR and white blood cell provides the highest diagnostic accuracy. More large scale studies across different population groups will be needed to confirm this finding.展开更多
Background: Abuse of medicines is becoming a serious problem in many parts of the world, with negative consequences ranging from addiction, psychosis, cardiovascular complications, and premature deaths from unintentio...Background: Abuse of medicines is becoming a serious problem in many parts of the world, with negative consequences ranging from addiction, psychosis, cardiovascular complications, and premature deaths from unintentional overdose. Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess awareness, knowledge, perception and attitudes toward the abuse of prescription medicines (PM) among medicines prescribers and dispensers in Nigeria. Design and Participants: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among pharmacists, other pharmacy staff in retail pharmacies, licensed patent medicines vendors (chemical sellers), and medical doctors in Nnewi, Nigeria. Data were collected through self-completed questionnaire supervised by trained research assistants, between December 2013 and April 2014. Three hundred and seventy-five participants were recruited for this study. Data Analysis: The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 for windows was used for data analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to evaluate differences and associations based on selected variables. Results: The perception was high 294 (78.4%) among respondents that PM abuse was a problem in the community. Knowledge of health problems associated with PM abuse was also high at 226 (60.3%). However the attitude of the respondents towards early detection of PM abuse among their patients/clients was discouraging. Education, educational status, work status and gender significantly predict good knowledge and positive attitude about PM abuse. Conclusion: Findings from this study will assist health authorities to formulate appropriate health promotion interventions to control and prevent abuse of prescription medicines. Actions directed at early intervention, capacity building, education, public health initiatives and law enforcements will hopefully curb the menace of PM abuse in Nnewi, Nigeria.展开更多
Cantharellus and Afrocantharellus mushrooms are widely consumed in both fresh and dry forms. However, their antioxidant and whether their values changing with drying processes are not known. This study establishes the...Cantharellus and Afrocantharellus mushrooms are widely consumed in both fresh and dry forms. However, their antioxidant and whether their values changing with drying processes are not known. This study establishes their values and the effect of sun drying on their quality and quantity. Methanolic extracts of five Cantharellus and two Afrocantharellus species were investigated. The investigation used (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) DPPH as a substrate to determine radical scavenging abilities. Further quantitative analyses for carotenoids, flavonoid, total phenolic compounds and vitamin C content were done using spectrophotometric assay at 515 nm. Comparatively, fresh mushroom had higher vitamin C and Lycopene contents than their dry counterparts with β-carotene. Flavonoid and phenolic compounds were higher in dry forms than those in their fresh counterparts. Radical scavenging ability also varied with fresh forms depicting higher activity compared to dry forms. The variation was low in Afrocantharellus species (0.8% and 0.99%) while it was higher in Cantharellus species (24.12% and 7.52%). The highest ability was observed in fresh forms of Cantharellus pseudocibarius (EC50 50 = 0.4 mg/ml) was from dry form of Cantharellus rufopunctatus. This shows that studied mushrooms are rich in antioxidants and their quality and quantities are affected differently in both forms. Both dry and fresh mushrooms are potential sources of natural antioxidants. The portrayed high scavenging ability by these mushrooms envisages promoting them into potential nutraceutics.展开更多
Background: Ventral hernia is a complex and progressive condition that may lead to serious complications. However, no specified grading or classifying system is found to categorize the hernia, which leads to clinical ...Background: Ventral hernia is a complex and progressive condition that may lead to serious complications. However, no specified grading or classifying system is found to categorize the hernia, which leads to clinical complexities and may affect the patient outcome. Aim: The general aim of this paper is to build up an easy and comprehensive grading system to categorize ventral hernia. Methodology: By carrying out a secondary search over clinical presentation, physical examination, and imaging studies of ventral hernia, a valid grading system is developed. Results: Hanoon’s grading system is composed of seven grades, grades 1, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 3C, and 4. Each grade entailed different clinical presentations, imaging characteristics, and progressivity of ventral hernia. Conclusion: Hanoon’s grading system for ventral hernia can be used to solve the clinical complexities of ventral hernia. Also, it can be a step forward in hernia research to build upon.展开更多
A new iridoid glucoside,10-O-veratroyleranthemoside（1） was isolated from the roots of Wendlandia tinctoria.The structure was established by spectroscopic（including 2D NMR） and chemical methods.
Background: A new method of immune-based therapies has been made and applied on multiple sclerosis patients in last decades. Some of these treatments have a high efficacy and reasonable side effects. In slowing diseas...Background: A new method of immune-based therapies has been made and applied on multiple sclerosis patients in last decades. Some of these treatments have a high efficacy and reasonable side effects. In slowing disease progression, present treatments have significant limitations, but often associated with significant adverse effects of immunosuppression, with having a bit low capability to counter the disability. Methods: This is a review meta-analysis of treatment of multiple sclerosis. Results: Thus a valuable aim for multiple sclerosis clinical research is to introduce more effective therapies. Conclusion: It is absolutely necessary to increase the individualized therapy planes development in respect to make better planes to disease-modifying treatments.展开更多
<strong>Background and objective:</strong> Nasal obstruction is the most frequent presentation to the otolaryngologist all over the world. Symptoms are multisystem involvement such as headache, epistaxis, ...<strong>Background and objective:</strong> Nasal obstruction is the most frequent presentation to the otolaryngologist all over the world. Symptoms are multisystem involvement such as headache, epistaxis, ophthalmological, otological, upper and lower respiratory tract infections;and many more. Septoplasty is commonly performed for nasal septal deviation as a primary indication of nasal airway obstruction. Physical examination, anterior rhinoscopy and nasal endoscopy are considered the gold standard for detecting septal deviation. Computed tomography (CT) can also be used to evaluate the nasal septum, anatomical variants and unveils the associated sinonasal diseases. This study aimed to find out the advantages of CT in endoscopic septoplasty for all out benefits to the patients. <strong>Patients and methods:</strong> 168 patients of nasal septal deviation were selected from 2015 to 2018 in the Bangladesh Medical and Popular Medical College Specialized Hospital. Age ranged between 10 years to 70 years of age. CT scanning in both coronal, axial and sagittal sections had been done in all patients after proper history taking, physical examination, anterior rhinoscopy and nasal endoscopy. Endoscopic septoplasty alone and/or other ancillary procedures were performed in all 168 patients under general anesthesia. <strong>Results:</strong> Amongst 168 patients, male was 116 (69%) and female was 52 (31%) with a ratio 2.2:1. Maximum 58 (35%) reported in 31 to 40 years and 48 (29%) was found in 21 to 31 years of age. Hypertrophied inferior turbinate (HIT) 54 (32%) and 48 (29%) concha bullosa (CB) were associated with 168 septal deviation. Associated pathologies like maxillary antral cyst 68 (40%) and maxillary sinusitis 62 (37%) were documented. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> CT scanning unveils the abnormal anatomic variants and associated sinonasal pathologies along with nasal septal deviation. Endoscopic septoplasty, correction of the anatomical variants and complete surgical clearance of the sinonasal pathologies can give the patient a grand success.展开更多
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that has become a major health care concern, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Lifestyle modification and appropriate pharmacotherapy ar...Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that has become a major health care concern, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Lifestyle modification and appropriate pharmacotherapy are shown to improve blood glucose levels, lipid abnormalities and blood pressure. It is not known how many patients adhere to advice and drugs prescribed. This study aimed to determine adherence to lifestyle and therapeutic advice. Methods: A cross sectional hospital based study was conducted among patients attending the diabetic clinic at the Aga Khan University Hospital, using a structured questionnaire. Adult patients with T2DM and with at least one year duration of diabetes were included in the study. Results: Participants were aged between 32 and 92 years old with a mean age of 55.7 years old (SD ± 10.7). Mean duration of diabetes was 10.7 years old (SD ± 7.7). Majority (94%) of the patients were literate. Around half (47.3%) of the patients have had achieved glycemic target (HbA1c < 7%). Above target glycemic control was more common among patients with ischemic heart disease (68.1%), neuropathy (64.8%) and those on insulin (62.5%). Self-reported non-adherence for blood sugar monitoring (9.5%), physical activity (61.7%), tobacco use (43.4%) and foot care (43.9%) were noted. About 25% of the participants were not fully adherent to dietary advice. None of the patients from our study reported non-adherence to medications. Good adherence to physical activity was found in males with college degree. The highest percentage of tobacco use (33.3%) was reported among businessmen. Conclusion: We noted low adherence to advice for physical activity, tobacco use and SMBG, but a high adherence to prescribed medications and insulin. This was a selected group visiting a teaching hospital. This will need to be studied further in the community and efforts are required to motivate patients.展开更多
Background: Hindfoot fusion, is a fusion of the talonavicular, talocalcaneal, and calcaneocuboid joints and is commonly performed for patients complaining of pain, chronic instability and gross deformity as a result o...Background: Hindfoot fusion, is a fusion of the talonavicular, talocalcaneal, and calcaneocuboid joints and is commonly performed for patients complaining of pain, chronic instability and gross deformity as a result of hindfoot pathology. Objective: This study aimed to assess the functional outcomes of the patients underwent hindfoot fusion, the post-operative complications and patient’s satisfaction. Methodology: This study is a prospective cohort study was conducted in Future hospital, in Khartoum, Sudan. It involved 30 patients from July 2015-July 2022. Data was collected by the primary researcher using data collection sheet, then it was cleaned and entered into Microsoft excel data sheet and was analysed using SPSS version 28 software. Results: 33.3% of the patients are aged 51 - 60 years, and >60 years. Male: Female equals 1:1. 56.7% are for the left side, only 23.3% developed complications. 63.3% patients are fully satisfied. There is a significant correlation between the AOFAS score before and after the operation. Also, a significant correlation between the means of AOFAS score after with the complications and the satisfaction of the patients. Conclusion: Minimally invasive tibio-talo-calcaneal is an alternative procedure for the treatment of severe Charcot arthropathy of the ankle. The expected functional outcome is impressive and comparable with the open surgery. However, the post-operative complications are prevalent in 23.3% of patients. Most candidates are fully satisfied with the procedure.展开更多
Background: Hallux valgus deformity is one of the most common chronic and progressive foot deformities. Surgical correction of the deformity plays a central role in the treatment of symptomatic hallux valgus. However,...Background: Hallux valgus deformity is one of the most common chronic and progressive foot deformities. Surgical correction of the deformity plays a central role in the treatment of symptomatic hallux valgus. However, more than one hundred different surgical techniques have been described. Objective: To assess the radiological outcome of hallux valgus surgical correction using a scarf and akin osteotomies. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted on 25 adult patients (36 feet). Twenty-two females and two males with hallux valgus were treated with surgical correction using a scarf and akin osteotomies. All candidates were kept on regular postoperative, scheduled clinical follow-up programs for one year and assessed radiologically. Results: Twenty-five patients (36 feet) were included in this study. The hallux valgus angle significantly shifted to the normal range (less than 15°) after surgery, and the inter-metatarsal angle also improved to the normal range (less than 9°). Conclusion: Using scarf and akin osteotomies in treating moderate and severe hallux valgus deformity provides the satisfactory radiological outcomes in form of decreasing hallux valgus angle and inter-metatarsal angle.展开更多
ntroduction: Due to widespread incidence and prevalence, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV), syphilis and malaria are the most common viral infections transmitted via blood transfusions....ntroduction: Due to widespread incidence and prevalence, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV), syphilis and malaria are the most common viral infections transmitted via blood transfusions. Yet there is insufficient information available about the exact prevalence of these infections among blood donors in Pakistan. The objectives of current study are to highlight the importance of blood screening among blood donors by finding the prevalence of high-risk transmissible diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis and malaria in the population of Nawabshah (Sindh) and to compare it with other provinces. Methods: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted on 37,845 blood donor volunteers at the blood bank of a tertiary care hospital, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital, in Nawabshah Sindh from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. The data was taken from the well-maintained yearly record of the hospital blood bank. Analysis of all the data regarding blood donors was done using Statistical Program of Special Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: The most common age group was between 18 - 40 years. Donors were predominantly male (90%). HBV is the most prevalent disease amongst the blood donors of Peoples Medical College with a prevalence of 6.52% while HIV, HCV and malaria were 6.33%, 5.83% and 1.24% respectively whereas Syphilis is the least prevalent disease with a prevalence of 1.11%. Comparing with other provinces, the highest prevalence of hepatitis B was seen in Peoples Medical College, Nawabshah, Sindh whereas for hepatitis C it was the highest in Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, Sindh. Moreover, Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar was the least burdened with Hepatitis B (1.46%) and C (1.34%). Conclusion: Accidental diagnosis of blood-borne infections including Hepatitis B, C, HIV, Syphilis and malaria highlights importance of blood screening among the blood donors. There is a need of public education regarding infection prevention and transmission.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The reference ranges for biochemical parameters can fluctuate due to factors like altitude,age,gender,and socioeconomic conditions.These values are crucial for interpreting laboratory data and guide clinical treatment decisions.Currently,there is no established set of reference intervals for cord blood biochemical parameters of newborns in India,particularly in Mumbai.AIM To create cord blood biochemical parameters reference intervals specifically for Mumbai,India.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in an Indian tertiary care hospital.This study focused on healthy newborns with normal birth weight,born to pregnant mothers without health issues.Cord blood samples,approximately 2-3 mL in volume,were collected from 210 term neonates.These samples were divided into fluoride(glucose)and clot activator(serum)tubes and were subsequently analyzed in the institute's biochemical laboratory.The data obtained from the analysis was then subjected to statistical analysis.The result of the Shapiro-Wilk test suggested non-normality in the data distribution.Consequently,nonparametric statistics were utilized for analysis.The Mann-Whitney U test was utilized to compare parameter distributions among different factors,including the infant’s sex,delivery method,maternal age,and obstetric history.A significance level of P<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.RESULTS The following represent the median figures and central 95 percentile reference intervals for biochemical parameters in umbilical cord blood of newborns:Serum direct bilirubin=(0.1-0.55)mg/dL,indirect bilirubin=(0.64-2.26)mg/dL,total bilirubin=(0.62-3.14)mg/dL,creatinine=(0.27-0.76)mg/dL,sodium=(128.19-143.26)mmol/L,chloride=(100.19-111.68)mmol/L,potassium=(1.62-9.98)mmol/L and plasma glucose=(24.75-94.23)mg/dL.Statistically significant differences were observed in serum sodium,potassium,and plasma glucose levels when comparing delivery modes.CONCLUSION This is the pioneering study in which first time,the biochemical reference intervals in cord blood for newborns are established in western India.The values are applicable for newborns from this area.Larger study throughout the country is required.
文摘BACKGROUND The rising global burden of liver diseases,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis,has necessitated innovative therapeutic approaches.Plant-based therapies,recognized for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,have shown promising effects.However,poor bioavailability limits their clinical application.AIM To map global research trends,key contributors,and emerging themes in plant-based therapies combined with advanced drug delivery systems for liver health.METHODS Using the Scopus database,645 documents were retrieved and analyzed using bibliometric tools Biblioshiny and VOSviewer.Analysis focused on publication trends,geographical contributions,and advancements in drug delivery technologies,including nanoparticles,liposomes,and polymeric micelles.Metrics such as publication growth rate,authorship collaboration,and thematic clustering were assessed.RESULTS The dataset spans 43 years(1981-2024),with an annual growth rate of 11.09%in the number of publications.Research output is dominated by China(33%),followed by the United States(24%)and India(18%).Collaborative studies accounted for 24.34%of publications,with an average of 5.81 co-authors per document.Key innovations include nanoparticle encapsulation of curcumin and silymarin,improving bioavailability by up to 85%.Highly cited studies demonstrated the antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-fibrotic properties of these compounds.For instance,curcumin nanoparticles showed a 70%improvement in solubility,and silymarin liposomal formulations enhanced therapeutic efficiency by 62%.Thematic analysis revealed a transition from basic clinical observations to molecular and pharmacokinetic research,with a focus on oxidative stress mitigation and hepatoprotection.CONCLUSION This study highlights the growing synergy between plant-based therapies and advanced drug delivery systems,with significant contributions from Asian and Western countries.Future efforts should prioritize clinical trials,standardization of plant extract formulations,and interdisciplinary approaches to maximize therapeutic outcomes.The findings provide a foundation for integrating plant-derived compounds into evidence-based hepatological therapies,addressing critical challenges in bioavailability and safety.
文摘This study investigates the transformative potential of big data analytics in healthcare, focusing on its application for forecasting patient outcomes and enhancing clinical decision-making. The primary challenges addressed include data integration, quality, privacy issues, and the interpretability of complex machine-learning models. An extensive literature review evaluates the current state of big data analytics in healthcare, particularly predictive analytics. The research employs machine learning algorithms to develop predictive models aimed at specific patient outcomes, such as disease progression and treatment responses. The models are assessed based on three key metrics: accuracy, interpretability, and clinical relevance. The findings demonstrate that big data analytics can significantly revolutionize healthcare by providing data-driven insights that inform treatment decisions, anticipate complications, and identify high-risk patients. The predictive models developed show promise for enhancing clinical judgment and facilitating personalized treatment approaches. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of addressing data quality, integration, and privacy to ensure the ethical application of predictive analytics in clinical settings. The results contribute to the growing body of research on practical big data applications in healthcare, offering valuable recommendations for balancing patient privacy with the benefits of data-driven insights. Ultimately, this research has implications for policy-making, guiding the implementation of predictive models and fostering innovation aimed at improving healthcare outcomes.
文摘Background In the recent digital era,individuals with internet gaming disorder(IGD)have reported a much higher prevalence of poor sleep quality,perceived stress and suicidal behaviour.However,the underlying mechanisms for these psychological problems remain unknown.Aims The primary aims of this study were to explore the mediating role of sleep quality on the relationship between IGD and the health outcomes of perceived stress and suicidal behaviour and to assess the prevalence and risk factors for IGD among medical students.Methods A cross-sectional study enrolling 795 medical students from two medical colleges in a rural area of North India was conducted from April to May 2022.The study participants were chosen using a stratified random sampling approach.A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data,including sociodemographic and personal information and gaming characteristics.The study also included the Gaming Disorder and Hazardous Gaming Scale,the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,the Perceived Stress Scale-10 and the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised to measure IGD,sleep quality,perceived stress and suicidal behaviour,respectively.Multiple logistic regression for the risk factors and Pearson's correlation test for the relationship between variables were used.Hayes'PROCESS macro for SPSS was employed to carry out mediation analysis.Results Among the 348 gamers with a mean age of 21.03(SD 3.27)years,the prevalence of IGD was 15.23%(95%confidence interval:11.6%to 19.4%).In the correlational analysis,small to large(r:0.32-0.72)significant relationships between scores of IGD and other health outcomes were established.The indirect effect(B=0.300)via sleep quality accounted for 30.55%of the total effect(B=0.982)of IGD on perceived stress(partially mediated),while sleep quality(B=0.174)accounted for 27.93%of the total effect(B=0.623)of IGD on suicidal behaviour(partially mediated).The factors of being male,living in a single-parent family,using the internet for other than academic purposes(1-3 hours and more than 3 hours/day),playing games for more than 3 hours/day and playing games with violent content were associated with IGD symptoms.
基金funded by a grant from the Deanship for Scientific Research,King Khalid University(Project#GRP-4-1439).
文摘Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in human and animal’s communities in southern Saudi Arabia.Methods:A cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study was conducted in Aseer and Jazan,Saudi Arabia(October 2017-October 2018).Human serum samples(n=339)were initially screened for Brucella antibodies and positive samples were further titrated for Brucella antibodies by immunocapture assay(titer of≥1:320 as positive).Animal samples(n=828)were screened using the Rose Bengal test.Relationship status was dichotomized to measure and predict independent contributions to variations in human using univariate and multivariate stepwise binary logistic regression model.Results:The rate of brucellosis among the 339 human samples in the two regions was 33.9%,and the rate of acute brucellosis was 12.4%.The rate of brucellosis in animals was 4.7%.Human brucellosis among the target groups was higher in northwestern Aseer(53.3%)compared to Southeastern Aseer(25.9%)and Jazan region(20.6%).The disease was more prevalent among non-Saudi nationals(35.2%)compared to Saudis(30.5%).The rate of brucellosis among butchers and shepherds was 37.5%and 37.2%,respectively.The rate of brucellosis was 37.8%in people over 30 years of age.Our univariate analysis showed that residing in Aseer region(OR:2.60,95%CI:1.50-4.40),especially residing in northwestern Aseer region(OR:4.40,95%CI:2.40-7.90),frequent consumption of raw meat(OR:2.90,95%CI:1.50-5.50),shepherds(OR:2.10,95%CI:0.80-5.30),owning sheep(OR:2.20,95%CI:1.10-4.40),daily contact with animals(OR:2.10,95%CI:0.75-5.80),and those>30-year-old(OR:1.50,95%CI:1.00-2.40)were significantly associated with increased risks of brucellosis.Our multivariate analysis further showed that residing in northwestern Aseer(OR:9.16,95%CI:3.39-24.76)and having sheep(OR:1.16,95%CI:1.00-1.35)were significant and independent risks of brucellosis while residing in agricultural region(OR:0.28,95%CI:0.10-0.78)was a significant and independent protector against brucellosis.Conclusions:The study concluded that residing in northwestern Aseer area and having animals(sheep)are associated with significantly increased risks of brucellosis.
文摘Objective: To determine and compare the diagnostic efficiency of various biomarkers [C-reactive protein, neutrophil percentage, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLCR), lactate, procalcitonin, blood culture] in the identification of septic patients in emergency department (ED), and to assess the predictive value of combination of markers. Methods: This was a prospective, single centre study conducted in the ED of an urban, tertiary care hospital. We included patients who were admitted to the ED with symptoms of a possible infection. Blood cultures and serum measurement of the biomarkers were collected from 131 patients. Patients were determined to be septic or non-septic, based on the systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria and the diagnosis was made at the ED. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and area under curves (AUC) were calculated. Results: A total of 126 patients, 61 with sepsis and 65 without sepsis were eventually included in the study. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio displayed the highest accuracy in diagnosing sepsis (AUC 0.735, 95% CI=0648-0.822, P<0.001). The best combination of markers in predicting sepsis was NLCR and white blood cell (AUC: 0.801, 95% CI=0.724-0.878, P<0.001). Conclusions: The results of this small study showed that NLCR outperforms other markers in diagnosing sepsis in ED. It is readily available, cost efficient, non invasive and independent. It may be insufficient to rely on this single marker to diagnose sepsis, so some other diagnostic utilities should be taken into account as one part of the overall assessment. Our study also showed that combination of NLCR and white blood cell provides the highest diagnostic accuracy. More large scale studies across different population groups will be needed to confirm this finding.
文摘Background: Abuse of medicines is becoming a serious problem in many parts of the world, with negative consequences ranging from addiction, psychosis, cardiovascular complications, and premature deaths from unintentional overdose. Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess awareness, knowledge, perception and attitudes toward the abuse of prescription medicines (PM) among medicines prescribers and dispensers in Nigeria. Design and Participants: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among pharmacists, other pharmacy staff in retail pharmacies, licensed patent medicines vendors (chemical sellers), and medical doctors in Nnewi, Nigeria. Data were collected through self-completed questionnaire supervised by trained research assistants, between December 2013 and April 2014. Three hundred and seventy-five participants were recruited for this study. Data Analysis: The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 for windows was used for data analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to evaluate differences and associations based on selected variables. Results: The perception was high 294 (78.4%) among respondents that PM abuse was a problem in the community. Knowledge of health problems associated with PM abuse was also high at 226 (60.3%). However the attitude of the respondents towards early detection of PM abuse among their patients/clients was discouraging. Education, educational status, work status and gender significantly predict good knowledge and positive attitude about PM abuse. Conclusion: Findings from this study will assist health authorities to formulate appropriate health promotion interventions to control and prevent abuse of prescription medicines. Actions directed at early intervention, capacity building, education, public health initiatives and law enforcements will hopefully curb the menace of PM abuse in Nnewi, Nigeria.
文摘Cantharellus and Afrocantharellus mushrooms are widely consumed in both fresh and dry forms. However, their antioxidant and whether their values changing with drying processes are not known. This study establishes their values and the effect of sun drying on their quality and quantity. Methanolic extracts of five Cantharellus and two Afrocantharellus species were investigated. The investigation used (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) DPPH as a substrate to determine radical scavenging abilities. Further quantitative analyses for carotenoids, flavonoid, total phenolic compounds and vitamin C content were done using spectrophotometric assay at 515 nm. Comparatively, fresh mushroom had higher vitamin C and Lycopene contents than their dry counterparts with β-carotene. Flavonoid and phenolic compounds were higher in dry forms than those in their fresh counterparts. Radical scavenging ability also varied with fresh forms depicting higher activity compared to dry forms. The variation was low in Afrocantharellus species (0.8% and 0.99%) while it was higher in Cantharellus species (24.12% and 7.52%). The highest ability was observed in fresh forms of Cantharellus pseudocibarius (EC50 50 = 0.4 mg/ml) was from dry form of Cantharellus rufopunctatus. This shows that studied mushrooms are rich in antioxidants and their quality and quantities are affected differently in both forms. Both dry and fresh mushrooms are potential sources of natural antioxidants. The portrayed high scavenging ability by these mushrooms envisages promoting them into potential nutraceutics.
文摘Background: Ventral hernia is a complex and progressive condition that may lead to serious complications. However, no specified grading or classifying system is found to categorize the hernia, which leads to clinical complexities and may affect the patient outcome. Aim: The general aim of this paper is to build up an easy and comprehensive grading system to categorize ventral hernia. Methodology: By carrying out a secondary search over clinical presentation, physical examination, and imaging studies of ventral hernia, a valid grading system is developed. Results: Hanoon’s grading system is composed of seven grades, grades 1, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 3C, and 4. Each grade entailed different clinical presentations, imaging characteristics, and progressivity of ventral hernia. Conclusion: Hanoon’s grading system for ventral hernia can be used to solve the clinical complexities of ventral hernia. Also, it can be a step forward in hernia research to build upon.
基金supported by a grant(No.SR/S 1-OC-75/2009) from DST,New Delhi
文摘A new iridoid glucoside,10-O-veratroyleranthemoside（1） was isolated from the roots of Wendlandia tinctoria.The structure was established by spectroscopic（including 2D NMR） and chemical methods.
文摘Background: A new method of immune-based therapies has been made and applied on multiple sclerosis patients in last decades. Some of these treatments have a high efficacy and reasonable side effects. In slowing disease progression, present treatments have significant limitations, but often associated with significant adverse effects of immunosuppression, with having a bit low capability to counter the disability. Methods: This is a review meta-analysis of treatment of multiple sclerosis. Results: Thus a valuable aim for multiple sclerosis clinical research is to introduce more effective therapies. Conclusion: It is absolutely necessary to increase the individualized therapy planes development in respect to make better planes to disease-modifying treatments.
文摘<strong>Background and objective:</strong> Nasal obstruction is the most frequent presentation to the otolaryngologist all over the world. Symptoms are multisystem involvement such as headache, epistaxis, ophthalmological, otological, upper and lower respiratory tract infections;and many more. Septoplasty is commonly performed for nasal septal deviation as a primary indication of nasal airway obstruction. Physical examination, anterior rhinoscopy and nasal endoscopy are considered the gold standard for detecting septal deviation. Computed tomography (CT) can also be used to evaluate the nasal septum, anatomical variants and unveils the associated sinonasal diseases. This study aimed to find out the advantages of CT in endoscopic septoplasty for all out benefits to the patients. <strong>Patients and methods:</strong> 168 patients of nasal septal deviation were selected from 2015 to 2018 in the Bangladesh Medical and Popular Medical College Specialized Hospital. Age ranged between 10 years to 70 years of age. CT scanning in both coronal, axial and sagittal sections had been done in all patients after proper history taking, physical examination, anterior rhinoscopy and nasal endoscopy. Endoscopic septoplasty alone and/or other ancillary procedures were performed in all 168 patients under general anesthesia. <strong>Results:</strong> Amongst 168 patients, male was 116 (69%) and female was 52 (31%) with a ratio 2.2:1. Maximum 58 (35%) reported in 31 to 40 years and 48 (29%) was found in 21 to 31 years of age. Hypertrophied inferior turbinate (HIT) 54 (32%) and 48 (29%) concha bullosa (CB) were associated with 168 septal deviation. Associated pathologies like maxillary antral cyst 68 (40%) and maxillary sinusitis 62 (37%) were documented. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> CT scanning unveils the abnormal anatomic variants and associated sinonasal pathologies along with nasal septal deviation. Endoscopic septoplasty, correction of the anatomical variants and complete surgical clearance of the sinonasal pathologies can give the patient a grand success.
文摘Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that has become a major health care concern, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Lifestyle modification and appropriate pharmacotherapy are shown to improve blood glucose levels, lipid abnormalities and blood pressure. It is not known how many patients adhere to advice and drugs prescribed. This study aimed to determine adherence to lifestyle and therapeutic advice. Methods: A cross sectional hospital based study was conducted among patients attending the diabetic clinic at the Aga Khan University Hospital, using a structured questionnaire. Adult patients with T2DM and with at least one year duration of diabetes were included in the study. Results: Participants were aged between 32 and 92 years old with a mean age of 55.7 years old (SD ± 10.7). Mean duration of diabetes was 10.7 years old (SD ± 7.7). Majority (94%) of the patients were literate. Around half (47.3%) of the patients have had achieved glycemic target (HbA1c < 7%). Above target glycemic control was more common among patients with ischemic heart disease (68.1%), neuropathy (64.8%) and those on insulin (62.5%). Self-reported non-adherence for blood sugar monitoring (9.5%), physical activity (61.7%), tobacco use (43.4%) and foot care (43.9%) were noted. About 25% of the participants were not fully adherent to dietary advice. None of the patients from our study reported non-adherence to medications. Good adherence to physical activity was found in males with college degree. The highest percentage of tobacco use (33.3%) was reported among businessmen. Conclusion: We noted low adherence to advice for physical activity, tobacco use and SMBG, but a high adherence to prescribed medications and insulin. This was a selected group visiting a teaching hospital. This will need to be studied further in the community and efforts are required to motivate patients.
文摘Background: Hindfoot fusion, is a fusion of the talonavicular, talocalcaneal, and calcaneocuboid joints and is commonly performed for patients complaining of pain, chronic instability and gross deformity as a result of hindfoot pathology. Objective: This study aimed to assess the functional outcomes of the patients underwent hindfoot fusion, the post-operative complications and patient’s satisfaction. Methodology: This study is a prospective cohort study was conducted in Future hospital, in Khartoum, Sudan. It involved 30 patients from July 2015-July 2022. Data was collected by the primary researcher using data collection sheet, then it was cleaned and entered into Microsoft excel data sheet and was analysed using SPSS version 28 software. Results: 33.3% of the patients are aged 51 - 60 years, and >60 years. Male: Female equals 1:1. 56.7% are for the left side, only 23.3% developed complications. 63.3% patients are fully satisfied. There is a significant correlation between the AOFAS score before and after the operation. Also, a significant correlation between the means of AOFAS score after with the complications and the satisfaction of the patients. Conclusion: Minimally invasive tibio-talo-calcaneal is an alternative procedure for the treatment of severe Charcot arthropathy of the ankle. The expected functional outcome is impressive and comparable with the open surgery. However, the post-operative complications are prevalent in 23.3% of patients. Most candidates are fully satisfied with the procedure.
文摘Background: Hallux valgus deformity is one of the most common chronic and progressive foot deformities. Surgical correction of the deformity plays a central role in the treatment of symptomatic hallux valgus. However, more than one hundred different surgical techniques have been described. Objective: To assess the radiological outcome of hallux valgus surgical correction using a scarf and akin osteotomies. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted on 25 adult patients (36 feet). Twenty-two females and two males with hallux valgus were treated with surgical correction using a scarf and akin osteotomies. All candidates were kept on regular postoperative, scheduled clinical follow-up programs for one year and assessed radiologically. Results: Twenty-five patients (36 feet) were included in this study. The hallux valgus angle significantly shifted to the normal range (less than 15°) after surgery, and the inter-metatarsal angle also improved to the normal range (less than 9°). Conclusion: Using scarf and akin osteotomies in treating moderate and severe hallux valgus deformity provides the satisfactory radiological outcomes in form of decreasing hallux valgus angle and inter-metatarsal angle.
文摘ntroduction: Due to widespread incidence and prevalence, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV), syphilis and malaria are the most common viral infections transmitted via blood transfusions. Yet there is insufficient information available about the exact prevalence of these infections among blood donors in Pakistan. The objectives of current study are to highlight the importance of blood screening among blood donors by finding the prevalence of high-risk transmissible diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis and malaria in the population of Nawabshah (Sindh) and to compare it with other provinces. Methods: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted on 37,845 blood donor volunteers at the blood bank of a tertiary care hospital, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital, in Nawabshah Sindh from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. The data was taken from the well-maintained yearly record of the hospital blood bank. Analysis of all the data regarding blood donors was done using Statistical Program of Special Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: The most common age group was between 18 - 40 years. Donors were predominantly male (90%). HBV is the most prevalent disease amongst the blood donors of Peoples Medical College with a prevalence of 6.52% while HIV, HCV and malaria were 6.33%, 5.83% and 1.24% respectively whereas Syphilis is the least prevalent disease with a prevalence of 1.11%. Comparing with other provinces, the highest prevalence of hepatitis B was seen in Peoples Medical College, Nawabshah, Sindh whereas for hepatitis C it was the highest in Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, Sindh. Moreover, Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar was the least burdened with Hepatitis B (1.46%) and C (1.34%). Conclusion: Accidental diagnosis of blood-borne infections including Hepatitis B, C, HIV, Syphilis and malaria highlights importance of blood screening among the blood donors. There is a need of public education regarding infection prevention and transmission.
