BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation(IBS-C)is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder that significantly impacts the quality of life of patients and currently lacks a definitive treatment.The ...BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation(IBS-C)is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder that significantly impacts the quality of life of patients and currently lacks a definitive treatment.The use of electroacupuncture(EA)has demonstrated clinical efficacy in treating IBS-C and the gut-brain axis modulation,though its mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To investigate gut-brain-microbiota axis alteration and EA-associated microbial changes in IBS-C patients and treatment responders.METHODS This study consisted of two phases.The first phase was a cross-sectional study recruiting sixteen IBS-C patients and 16 healthy controls.Baseline fecal samples were collected to assess gut microbiota profiles between the two groups.The second phase was an observational longitudinal study in which the 16 IBS-C patients underwent nine EA sessions over one month.Gut microbiota profiles and clinical outcomes were assessed post-treatment course and at a one-month follow-up.RESULTS IBS-C patients exhibited significant gut dysbiosis,as indicated by altered beta diversity compared to healthy controls.EA significantly improved clinical outcomes and gut dysbiosis,with sustained therapeutic effects and normalization of neurotransmitter-related metabolic pathways observed at one-month follow-up.Notably,the gut bacterium Senegalimassilia was positively associated with symptom improvement,suggesting its potential as a predictive biomarker of EA responsiveness.CONCLUSION These findings support the integration of EA into IBS-C management and highlight Senegalimassilia as a candidate microbial biomarker for treatment response.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome is a rare condition that occurs in patients with thalassemia.It typically presents with a combination of profound anemia and milky serum.Although previous case seri...BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome is a rare condition that occurs in patients with thalassemia.It typically presents with a combination of profound anemia and milky serum.Although previous case series have demonstrated the benefit of blood transfusions in reducing serum triglycerides,information regar-ding clinical outcomes and standard management in this setting remains limited.AIM To identify the clinical course,treatment strategies,and outcomes of patients with hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome.METHODS We performed a comprehensive search of the Scopus,PubMed,and Embase databases.We included only English-language articles and did not apply any publication date limits.The databases were last accessed on September 1,2024.This study was registered under number CRD420250587918 and included studies involving children and adults with thalassemia,hypertriglyceridemia,and available data on clinical course.RESULTS A total of 14 publications were included in the analysis,all of which were case reports or case series.No higher-quality evidence was available.Among 28 children with hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome,there were 22 cases ofβ-thalassemia major and 6 cases of hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia,including our illustrative case.The median age of onset was 11 months,and 92.3%of cases presented prior to the first blood transfusion.The common clinical manifestations included pallor(100%)and hepatosplenomegaly(67.9%).For hypertriglyceridemia-related symptoms,lipemia retinalis and xanthomas were observed in 25.0%and 10.7%of cases,respectively.The median hemoglobin level was 5.5 g/dL,while the median triglyceride level was 935 mg/dL.For management,92.9%of cases received blood transfusions with or without other interventions.At a median of 12 months’follow-up,all patients responded to the treatment without lipid-lowering agents,and 85.7%of cases were alive.CONCLUSION Hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome occurs exclusively in young children and usually presents with anemia and severe hypertriglyceridemia prior to the first transfusion.Management with blood transfusions provides a favorable response.However,long-term regular monitoring is warranted.展开更多
Objective:Many children with fully corrected congenital heart disease(CHD)avoid physicalactivity(PA).This descriptive study sought to determine child and parental factors that could predict PAlevels in Thai dhildren a...Objective:Many children with fully corrected congenital heart disease(CHD)avoid physicalactivity(PA).This descriptive study sought to determine child and parental factors that could predict PAlevels in Thai dhildren after corrective surgery.Methods:Ninety schoolaged children with fully correctedCHD were recruited from a cardiology clinic at a university hospital in northern Thailand.Data collectioninvolved five validated questionnaires:(1)the Modified Thai Adolescent's Fhysical Activity Questionnaire,(2)the Child Health Status Questionnaire-Forms I and II1,(3)the Parental Knowledge on School-agedChildrer's PhysicalActivity Scale,(4)the Perceived Self-efficacy to Physical Activity Questionnaire,and(5)the Parntal Bonding Instrument.The analysis included descriptive statistics and stepwise multipleregression.Results:Results showed that the physical activity(PA.)levels,assessed through total energyexpenditure,of child ran with CHD were below the recommended levels after treatment(t=-8.33,p<0.001).There were sigrificant correlations between PA and factors such as a child's perceived health status,PAself-efficacy,and parentaloverprotection(r=0.39,p<0.050;r=0.46,p<0.050;r=0.25,p<0.050,respectively).After adjustment for demographic data and CHD type,these factors had no association with a child's PA.Only two factors predicted childhood PA—the child's perceived health status and PA self-efficacy whichcould explain27.3%of the variance of PA.(p<0.001).Conclusion:The study highlights the necessity forinterventions to enhance childrer's perception of their health status and PA self-efficacy to increase theirphysical activity levels.展开更多
Background:Oral health issues persistently affect the overall health and well-being of rural populations.Village health volunteers(VHVs)play a crucial role in advancing oral health literacy in their community.This stu...Background:Oral health issues persistently affect the overall health and well-being of rural populations.Village health volunteers(VHVs)play a crucial role in advancing oral health literacy in their community.This study aimed to examine the factors related to nutritional literacy for oral health among VHVs.Methods:This was a mixed-methods study employing an explanatory sequential design.The quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires distributed to a cohort of 10,514 VHVs registered in Health Region 1.A stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure adequate representation of various subgroups within the VHV population,considering factors such as age,education level,and geographical distribution across the region.This approach allowed for a more representative sample that accurately reflects the diversity of the VHV population.Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with a purposive sampling of 20 participants based on specific criteria.Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and biserial correlation techniques,while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.Results:The study found that the sample group possessed a moderate level of knowledge of health literacy principles and nutrition for oral health.However,their self-assessed skills in nutritional literacy for oral health were rated as high.A statistically significant negative correlation was found between knowledge of nutrition for oral health and skills in nutritional literacy for oral health.VHVs equated health literacy with knowledge because their public health training had focused more on imparting knowledge rather than developing skills based on health literacy principles.Conclusion:There is a need to emphasize skill-based health literacy training and to use effective skill development techniques that are tailored to the specific roles and responsibilities of health volunteers.It is also recommended to continuously monitor and evaluate the outcomes of these efforts.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the mechanisms by which unripe papaya extract(UCP)protects skin keratinocytes from UVB-induced inflammation and apoptosis.Methods:High-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify th...Objective:To investigate the mechanisms by which unripe papaya extract(UCP)protects skin keratinocytes from UVB-induced inflammation and apoptosis.Methods:High-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify the phytochemical composition of UCP.The free radical scavenging capacity of UCP was assessed against O_(2)·^(-),and H2O2.HaCaT cells were pre-treated with varying concentrations of UCP and exposed to 40 mJ/cm2 UVB radiation.Cell viability,reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,apoptotic markers,and inflammatory mediators were evaluated using standard biochemical assays and molecular techniques.Results:UCP treatment significantly improved cell viability and reduced intracellular ROS and the release of O_(2)·^(-)and H2O2.UCP also inhibited apoptosis,as evidenced by reduced cytochrome c release and suppression of Akt phosphorylation.Additionally,UCP exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating COX-2 expression,suppressing PGE2 release,and inhibiting c-Jun and NF-κB signaling pathways.Conclusions:UCP effectively protects skin keratinocytes from UVB-induced oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis.These findings support its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for preventing UV-related skin damage.However,in vivo studies are warranted to confirm its efficacy.展开更多
A 4 MeV RF linear accelerator for electron beam irradiation applications has been developed at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory,Thailand.The system has been reengineered using a decommissioned medical linear acce...A 4 MeV RF linear accelerator for electron beam irradiation applications has been developed at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory,Thailand.The system has been reengineered using a decommissioned medical linear accelerator.The main components include a thermionic DC electron gun,an RF linear accelerator,a beam diagnostic chamber,and a beam exit window for electron beam irradiation.Therefore,reengineering must be performed based on the characteristics of the electron beam and its dynamics throughout the system.In this study,the electron beam current density emitted from the cathode was calculated based on the thermionic emission theory,and the result was used to produce the electron beam distribution in the gun using CST Studio Suite^(■)software.The properties of the electron beam and its acceleration in the linear accelerator and downstream diagnostic section were studied using the ASTRA electron beam dynamics simulation code,with the aim of producing an electron beam with an average energy of 4 MeV at the linear accelerator exit.The transverse beam profile and electron deposition dose in the ambient environment were calculated using Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation software to estimate the beam performance for the irradiation experiments.The parameters studied can be used as guidelines for machine operation and future experimental plans.展开更多
There’s a popular saying that captures the deep and heartfelt connection between China and Thailand:“China and Thailand are not strangers,but brothers”—or in Chinese,“中泰一家亲.”This phrase is more than just a ...There’s a popular saying that captures the deep and heartfelt connection between China and Thailand:“China and Thailand are not strangers,but brothers”—or in Chinese,“中泰一家亲.”This phrase is more than just a charming proverb.It reflects centuries of migration,shared traditions,and growing goodwill between two nations whose relationship has matured into one of the most enduring and peoplecentered partnerships in Asia.展开更多
A super-radiant terahertz free-electron laser(THz-FEL)light source was developed for the first time in Thailand and Southeast Asia at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory(PCELL)of Chiang Mai University.This radiation...A super-radiant terahertz free-electron laser(THz-FEL)light source was developed for the first time in Thailand and Southeast Asia at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory(PCELL)of Chiang Mai University.This radiation source requires relatively ultrashort electron bunches to produce intense coherent THz pulses.Three electron bunch compression processes are utilized in the PCELL accelerator system comprising pre-bunch compression in an alpha magnet,velocity bunching in a radio-frequency(RF)linear accelerator(linac),and magnetic bunch compression in a 180°acromat system.Electron bunch compression in the magnetic compressor system poses considerable challenges,which are addressed through the use of three quadrupole doublets.The strengths of the quadrupole fields significantly influence the rotation of the beam line longitudinal phase space distribution along the bunch compressor.Start-to-end beam dynamics simulations using the ASTRA code were performed to optimize the electron beam properties for generating super-radiant THz-FEL radiation.The operational parameters considered in the simulations comprise the alpha magnet gradient,linac RF phase,and quadrupole field strengths.The optimization results show that 10-16MeV femtosecond electron bunches with a low energy spread(~0.2%),small normalized emittance(~15πmm·mrad),and high peak current(165-247A)can be produced by the PCELL accelerator system at the optimal parameters.A THz-FEL with sub-microjoule pulse energies can thus be obtained at the optimized electron beam parameters.The physical and conceptual design of the THz-FEL beamline were completed based on the beam dynamics simulation results.The construction and installation of this beamline are currently underway and expected to be completed by mid-2024.The commissioning of the beamline will then commence.展开更多
Terahertz(THz)radiation possesses unique properties that make it a promising light source for applications in various fields,particularly spectroscopy and imaging.Ongoing research and development in THz technology has...Terahertz(THz)radiation possesses unique properties that make it a promising light source for applications in various fields,particularly spectroscopy and imaging.Ongoing research and development in THz technology has focused on developing or improving THz sources,detectors,and applications.At the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory(PCELL)of the Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility in Chiang Mai University,high-intensity THz radiation has been generated in the form of coherent transition radiation(TR)and investigated since 2006 for electron beams with energies ranging from 8 to 12 MeV.In this study,we investigate and optimize the coherent TR arising from short electron bunches with energies ranging from 8 to 22 MeV using an upgraded linear-accelerator system with a higher radio-frequency(RF)power system.This radiation is then transported from the accelerator hall to the experimental room,in which the spectrometers are located.Electron-beam simulations are conducted to achieve short bunch lengths and small transverse beam sizes at the TR station.Radiation properties,including the radiation spectrum,angular distribution,and radiation polarization,are thoroughly investigated.The electron-bunch length is evaluated using the measuring system.The radiation-transport line is designed to achieve optimal frequency response and high transmission efficiency.A radiation-transmission efficiency of approximately 80-90%can be achieved with this designed system,along with a pulse energy ranging from 0.17 to 0.25μJ.The expected radiation spectral range covers up to 2 THz with a peak power of 0.5-1.25 MW.This coherent,broadband,and intense THz radiation will serve as a light source for THz spectroscopy and THz time-domain spectroscopy applications at the PCELL in the near future.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of synbiotic mulberry on kidney injury in a dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colitis model.Methods:Male Wistar rats were given drinking water containing 4%DSS for 7 days.Subseque...Objective:To investigate the effect of synbiotic mulberry on kidney injury in a dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colitis model.Methods:Male Wistar rats were given drinking water containing 4%DSS for 7 days.Subsequently,the rats were treated by oral gavage with synbiotic mulberry at 250,500,and 1000 mg/kg,sulfasalazine at 100 mg/kg,or synbiotic at 1000 mg/kg for an additional 7 days while receiving 0.4%DSS in drinking water.The severity of colitis was evaluated based on the disease activity index score.On day 14,plasma was collected,and the kidneys were harvested to evaluate kidney injury parameters and histological changes.In addition,the expression of genes associated with kidney injury was determined by quantitative RT-PCR.Results:Treatment with all doses of synbiotic mulberry significantly lowered the disease activity index score,accompanied by reductions in kidney histopathological changes,malondialdehyde concentration,and plasma cystatin C levels.Kidney fibrosis was also ameliorated by 500 and 1000 mg/kg of synbiotic mulberry.Treatment with 250 and 500 mg/kg of synbiotic mulberry downregulated IL-18 mRNA expression,while KIM-1 mRNA expression was reduced and plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein level was restored by 1000 mg/kg of synbiotic mulberry.Conclusions:Synbiotic mulberry ameliorates kidney injury in rats with DSS-induced colitis.It may be further explored as a treatment of kidney injury under colitis conditions.展开更多
Here,we described Gekko(Japonigekko)ichangensis sp.nov.,a new member of the genus Gekko Laurenti,1768,based on specimens collected from Changyang Tujia Autonomous County,Yichang City,Hubei Province,China.Morphological...Here,we described Gekko(Japonigekko)ichangensis sp.nov.,a new member of the genus Gekko Laurenti,1768,based on specimens collected from Changyang Tujia Autonomous County,Yichang City,Hubei Province,China.Morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial cytb and 16S genes place the new species within the subgenus Japonigekko,clustering with G.(J.)wenxianensis.The new species differs from other Japonigekko congeners by the following set of characteristics:(1)moderate body size(snout-vent length 58.5–66.5 mm in adult individuals);(2)nostrils touching the rostral,with 1–2 internasals present;(3)tubercles distributed on the head,dorsum,limbs,and tail,excluding the upper forelimbs;(4)174–195ventral scales spanning from the mental to the cloacal slit;(5)39–47 rows of ventral scales;(6)12–15 subdigital lamellae under the first toes and 13–18under the fourth toes;(7)weakly developed webbing;(8)5–8 precloacal pores in males;(9)three unilateral postcloacal tubercles;(10)a brown dorsum with six broad,irregular dark-brown bands extending from the nape to the sacrum.The identification of this new species raises the number of described Gekko species to 90.In China,25 species are recorded,21 of which belong to the subgenus Japonigekko.展开更多
Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is a fatal bile duct malignancy.CCA is intrinsically resistant to standard chemotherapy,responds poorly to it,and has a poor prognosis.Effective treatments for cholangiocarcinoma remain elusive,...Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is a fatal bile duct malignancy.CCA is intrinsically resistant to standard chemotherapy,responds poorly to it,and has a poor prognosis.Effective treatments for cholangiocarcinoma remain elusive,and a breakthrough in CCA treatment is still awaited.The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)plays an oncogenic role by promoting an aggressive cancer phenotype through multiple pathways.While HER2 has shown increasing potential as an effective target for breast and gastric cancers over the last decade,this has not been the case for CCA.This review explores the possibility of targeting HER2 in CCA immunotherapy.Key findings suggest that HER2 alterations have been reported as one of the signatures associated with a poorer prognosis in liver fluke-associated CCA,the most prevalent subtype in Southeast Asia.Furthermore,we assess recent advances in HER2-targeted therapeutic approaches,presenting the current stage,rationale,and evidence supporting the use of HER2 as a promising therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy in CCA.We also emphasize the crucial role of animal models in developing anticancer therapies.In summary,focusing on HER2 expression could provide alternative strategies for the HER2-altered CCA cluster.展开更多
Rainfall-induced shallow landslides pose one of significant geological hazards,necessitating precise monitoring and prediction for effective disaster mitigation.Most studies on landslide prediction have focused on opt...Rainfall-induced shallow landslides pose one of significant geological hazards,necessitating precise monitoring and prediction for effective disaster mitigation.Most studies on landslide prediction have focused on optimizing machine learning(ML)algorithms,very limited attention has been paid to enhancing data quality for improved predictive performance.This study employs strategic data augmentation(DA)techniques to enhance the accuracy of shallow landslide prediction.Using five DA methods including singular spectrum analysis(SSA),moving averages(MA),wavelet denoising(WD),variational mode decomposition(VMD),and linear interpolation(LI),we utilize strategies such as smoothing,denoising,trend decomposition,and synthetic data generation to improve the training dataset.Four machine learning algorithms,i.e.artificial neural network(ANN),recurrent neural network(RNN),one-dimensional convolutional neural network(CNN1D),and long short-term memory(LSTM),are used to forecast landslide displacement.The case study of a landslide in southwest China shows the effectiveness of our approach in predicting landslide displacements,despite the inherent limitations of the monitoring dataset.VMD proves the most effective for smoothing and denoising,improving R^(2),RMSE,and MAPE by 172.16%,71.82%,and 98.9%,respectively.SSA addresses missing data,while LI is effective with limited data samples,improving metrics by 21.6%,52.59%,and 47.87%,respectively.This study demonstrates the potential of DA techniques to mitigate the impact of data defects on landslide prediction accuracy,with implications for similar cases.展开更多
Zoonotic hookworm infections remain a significant public health problem,causing nearly 500 million cases globally and approximately four million disability-adjusted life years lost annually.More than one-fifth of thes...Zoonotic hookworm infections remain a significant public health problem,causing nearly 500 million cases globally and approximately four million disability-adjusted life years lost annually.More than one-fifth of these cases are attributed to Ancylostoma ceylanicum,an emerging zoonotic health issue in the Asia-Pacific region.This review presents key research gaps regarding the epidemiology,diagnosis,control,prevention and elimination of A.ceylanicum and other canine zoonotic hookworms as neglected health threats.A.ceylanicum is the second most prevalent human hookworm in the region;it is the most common hookworm among dogs and cats-reservoirs of zoonotic infections.Previous population genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that A.ceylanicum has three possible transmission dynamics:zoonotic,animal-only,and human-only pathways.The actual burden of zoonotic ancylostomiasis in most endemic countries remains unknown due to the use of parasitological techniques(e.g.,Kato-Katz thick smear and floatation techniques)that have reduced diagnostic performance and do not allow accurate species identification in helminth surveys.The emergence of benzimidazole resistance in soil-transmitted helminths(STHs),including hookworms,is a concern due to the protracted implementation of mass drug administration(MDA).Resistance is conferred by single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)that occur in theβ-tubulin isotype 1 gene.These mutations have been reported in drug-resistant A.caninum but have not been found in A.ceylanicum in the field.A.ceylanicum remains understudied in the Asia-Pacific region.The zoonotic nature of the parasite warrants investigation of its occurrence in human and animal reservoir hosts to understand the dynamics of zoonotic transmission in different endemic foci.The detection of benzimidazole resistance-associated SNPs in zoonotic hookworms from Asia-Pacific countries has yet to be thoroughly explored.Considering the high level of hookworm endemicity in the region,the circulation of resistant isolates between humans and animals potentially presents a significant One Health threat that can undermine current MDA and proposed animal deworming-based control efforts.展开更多
Earthworms play a vital role in enhancing soil quality and structure in agricultural ecosystems.This study investigated the diversity of earthworm species found in banana and guava orchards in Nakhon Pathom,Thailand,w...Earthworms play a vital role in enhancing soil quality and structure in agricultural ecosystems.This study investigated the diversity of earthworm species found in banana and guava orchards in Nakhon Pathom,Thailand,where 166 samples were collected.The results showed that 56.63%of earthworms were in the adult stage.In the banana orchard,researchers identified two families and four species:from the family Megascolecidae,they found Amynthas alexandri,Metaphire posthuma,and Polypheretima elongata,along with one species from the family Moniligastridae,Drawida sp.In the guava orchard,two families and two species were identified:from the family Megascolecidae,Metaphire posthuma,and from the family Moniligastridae,Drawida sp.Fungi isolated from the intestines of earthworms,precisely the strains EW2,EW3,EW6,EW13,EW16,EW23,EW25,EW26,EW28,EW38,EW39,EW40,EW41,EW43,and EW44,have demonstrated the ability to produce cellulase.Among these,the fungus EW41 exhibited the highest cellulase activity,measuring 32.97 units per milliliter at an optimal temperature of 60℃ and a pH of 5.0.This study high-ranlightsthat most earthworm species in agricultural soils belong to the family Megascolecidae.Furthermore,earthwormsplay a crucial role in enhancing the chemical properties of the soil.The cellulolytic fungi present in earthworm intestinescontribute to the natural decomposition of organic matter,thereby promoting soil health by converting plant residuesinto nutrient-rich compost.These findings suggest promising applications of earthworm-associated fungi in sustainableagriculture and organic waste management.展开更多
Due to global warming and diminishing ice cover in Arctic regions,the northern sea route(NSR)has attracted increasing attention in recent years.Extreme cold temperatures and high wind speeds in Arctic regions present ...Due to global warming and diminishing ice cover in Arctic regions,the northern sea route(NSR)has attracted increasing attention in recent years.Extreme cold temperatures and high wind speeds in Arctic regions present substantial risks to vessels operating along the NSR.Consequently,analyzing extreme temperature and wind speed values along the NSR is essential for ensuring maritime operational safety in the region.This study analyzes wind and temperature data spanning 40 years,from 1981 to 2020,at four representative sites along the NSR for extreme value analysis.The average conditional exceedance rate(ACER)method and the Gumbel method are employed to estimate extreme wind speed and air temperature at these sites.Comparative analysis reveals that the ACER method provides higher accuracy and lower uncertainty in estimations.The predicted extreme wind speed for a 100-year return period is 30.36 m/s,with a minimum temperature of-56.66°C,varying across the four sites.Furthermore,the study presents extreme values corresponding to each return period,providing temperature extremes as a basis for guiding steel thickness specifications.These findings provide valuable reference for designing polar vessels and offshore structures,contributing to enhanced engineering standards for Arctic conditions.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Targeted temperature management(TTM) is a common therapeutic intervention, yet its cost-effectiveness remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world cost-effectiveness of TTM compared with ...BACKGROUND: Targeted temperature management(TTM) is a common therapeutic intervention, yet its cost-effectiveness remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world cost-effectiveness of TTM compared with that of conventional care in adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA) survivors using clinical patient-level data.METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at an academic medical center in the USA to assess the cost-effectiveness of TTM in adult non-traumatic OHCA survivors between 1 January, 2019 and 30 June, 2023. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs) were calculated and compared with various decision makers' willingness to pay. Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves were utilized to evaluate the economic attractiveness of TTM. Uncertainty about the incremental cost and effect was explored with a 95% confidence ellipse.RESULTS: Among 925 non-traumatic OHCA survivors, only 30(3%) received TTM. After adjusting for potential confounders, the TTM group did not demonstrate a significantly lower cost(delta cost-$5,141, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: $-35,347 to $25,065, P=0.79) and higher survival to hospital discharge(delta effect 6%, 95% CI:-11% to 23%, P=0.41). Additionally, a 95% confidence ellipse indicated uncertainty reflected by evidence that the true value of the ICER could be in any of the quadrants of the cost-effectiveness plane.CONCLUSION: Although TTM did not demonstrate a clear survival benefit in this study, its potential cost-effectiveness warrants further investigation with larger sample sizes. These findings highlight the need for additional research to optimize TTM use in OHCA care and inform resource allocation decisions.展开更多
This study investigates the diversity of gut microbiota in Metaphire peguana,an earthworm species commonly found in agricultural areas of Thailand.Earthworms play a critical role in soil ecosystems by supporting nutri...This study investigates the diversity of gut microbiota in Metaphire peguana,an earthworm species commonly found in agricultural areas of Thailand.Earthworms play a critical role in soil ecosystems by supporting nutrient cycling and breaking down organic matter.Understanding the microbial diversity in their gut is essential for exploring their ecological contributions.Using Next Generation Sequencing(NGS),we analyzed the mycobiome in the gut of M.peguana.Our findings revealed a high diversity of fungal species,primarily belonging to two major phyla:Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum,comprising 40.1% of the total fungal species identified.A total of 33 distinct fungal species were identified,which underscores the richness of microbial life within the earthworm gut.This study successfully created the first genetic database of the microbial community in M.peguana,providing a foundation for future research in agricultural applications.The microbial species identified,particularly siderophoreproducing fungi,could have significant implications for improving soil fertility and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.The use of NGS technology has enabled comprehensive profiling of microbial communities,allowing for precise identification of fungi that may play essential roles in soil health.Furthermore,the study paves the way for future studies on the potential applications of earthworm gut microbiomes in biotechnology,especially in enhancing soil nutrient availability and plant growth.The findings of this research contribute to the broader understanding of the ecological roles of earthworms and their microbiomes in soil ecosystems.展开更多
Eosinophilic myocarditis(EM)is a rare inflammatory condition of the heart,often associated with eosinophilic infiltration.While its causes range from allergies to autoimmune and infectious diseases,parasitic infection...Eosinophilic myocarditis(EM)is a rare inflammatory condition of the heart,often associated with eosinophilic infiltration.While its causes range from allergies to autoimmune and infectious diseases,parasitic infections are an uncommon but critical etiology.This mini-review focuses on a case of EM in a 47-year-old male from Vietnam,linked to Schistosoma spp.,Strongyloides stercoralis,and Toxocara spp.infections.The patient presented with severe chest pain and recovered fully after treatment with corticosteroids and albendazole.Drawing insights from this case and existing literature,we discuss the pathophysiology,diagnostic approaches,and therapeutic strategies for parasite-induced EM.Early diagnosis and tailored treatment are essential to improve clinical outcomes,especially in endemic para-sitic areas.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation(IBS-C)is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder that significantly impacts the quality of life of patients and currently lacks a definitive treatment.The use of electroacupuncture(EA)has demonstrated clinical efficacy in treating IBS-C and the gut-brain axis modulation,though its mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To investigate gut-brain-microbiota axis alteration and EA-associated microbial changes in IBS-C patients and treatment responders.METHODS This study consisted of two phases.The first phase was a cross-sectional study recruiting sixteen IBS-C patients and 16 healthy controls.Baseline fecal samples were collected to assess gut microbiota profiles between the two groups.The second phase was an observational longitudinal study in which the 16 IBS-C patients underwent nine EA sessions over one month.Gut microbiota profiles and clinical outcomes were assessed post-treatment course and at a one-month follow-up.RESULTS IBS-C patients exhibited significant gut dysbiosis,as indicated by altered beta diversity compared to healthy controls.EA significantly improved clinical outcomes and gut dysbiosis,with sustained therapeutic effects and normalization of neurotransmitter-related metabolic pathways observed at one-month follow-up.Notably,the gut bacterium Senegalimassilia was positively associated with symptom improvement,suggesting its potential as a predictive biomarker of EA responsiveness.CONCLUSION These findings support the integration of EA into IBS-C management and highlight Senegalimassilia as a candidate microbial biomarker for treatment response.
文摘BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome is a rare condition that occurs in patients with thalassemia.It typically presents with a combination of profound anemia and milky serum.Although previous case series have demonstrated the benefit of blood transfusions in reducing serum triglycerides,information regar-ding clinical outcomes and standard management in this setting remains limited.AIM To identify the clinical course,treatment strategies,and outcomes of patients with hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome.METHODS We performed a comprehensive search of the Scopus,PubMed,and Embase databases.We included only English-language articles and did not apply any publication date limits.The databases were last accessed on September 1,2024.This study was registered under number CRD420250587918 and included studies involving children and adults with thalassemia,hypertriglyceridemia,and available data on clinical course.RESULTS A total of 14 publications were included in the analysis,all of which were case reports or case series.No higher-quality evidence was available.Among 28 children with hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome,there were 22 cases ofβ-thalassemia major and 6 cases of hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia,including our illustrative case.The median age of onset was 11 months,and 92.3%of cases presented prior to the first blood transfusion.The common clinical manifestations included pallor(100%)and hepatosplenomegaly(67.9%).For hypertriglyceridemia-related symptoms,lipemia retinalis and xanthomas were observed in 25.0%and 10.7%of cases,respectively.The median hemoglobin level was 5.5 g/dL,while the median triglyceride level was 935 mg/dL.For management,92.9%of cases received blood transfusions with or without other interventions.At a median of 12 months’follow-up,all patients responded to the treatment without lipid-lowering agents,and 85.7%of cases were alive.CONCLUSION Hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome occurs exclusively in young children and usually presents with anemia and severe hypertriglyceridemia prior to the first transfusion.Management with blood transfusions provides a favorable response.However,long-term regular monitoring is warranted.
基金the Chiang Mai University Junior ResearchFellowship Program.
文摘Objective:Many children with fully corrected congenital heart disease(CHD)avoid physicalactivity(PA).This descriptive study sought to determine child and parental factors that could predict PAlevels in Thai dhildren after corrective surgery.Methods:Ninety schoolaged children with fully correctedCHD were recruited from a cardiology clinic at a university hospital in northern Thailand.Data collectioninvolved five validated questionnaires:(1)the Modified Thai Adolescent's Fhysical Activity Questionnaire,(2)the Child Health Status Questionnaire-Forms I and II1,(3)the Parental Knowledge on School-agedChildrer's PhysicalActivity Scale,(4)the Perceived Self-efficacy to Physical Activity Questionnaire,and(5)the Parntal Bonding Instrument.The analysis included descriptive statistics and stepwise multipleregression.Results:Results showed that the physical activity(PA.)levels,assessed through total energyexpenditure,of child ran with CHD were below the recommended levels after treatment(t=-8.33,p<0.001).There were sigrificant correlations between PA and factors such as a child's perceived health status,PAself-efficacy,and parentaloverprotection(r=0.39,p<0.050;r=0.46,p<0.050;r=0.25,p<0.050,respectively).After adjustment for demographic data and CHD type,these factors had no association with a child's PA.Only two factors predicted childhood PA—the child's perceived health status and PA self-efficacy whichcould explain27.3%of the variance of PA.(p<0.001).Conclusion:The study highlights the necessity forinterventions to enhance childrer's perception of their health status and PA self-efficacy to increase theirphysical activity levels.
文摘Background:Oral health issues persistently affect the overall health and well-being of rural populations.Village health volunteers(VHVs)play a crucial role in advancing oral health literacy in their community.This study aimed to examine the factors related to nutritional literacy for oral health among VHVs.Methods:This was a mixed-methods study employing an explanatory sequential design.The quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires distributed to a cohort of 10,514 VHVs registered in Health Region 1.A stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure adequate representation of various subgroups within the VHV population,considering factors such as age,education level,and geographical distribution across the region.This approach allowed for a more representative sample that accurately reflects the diversity of the VHV population.Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with a purposive sampling of 20 participants based on specific criteria.Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and biserial correlation techniques,while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.Results:The study found that the sample group possessed a moderate level of knowledge of health literacy principles and nutrition for oral health.However,their self-assessed skills in nutritional literacy for oral health were rated as high.A statistically significant negative correlation was found between knowledge of nutrition for oral health and skills in nutritional literacy for oral health.VHVs equated health literacy with knowledge because their public health training had focused more on imparting knowledge rather than developing skills based on health literacy principles.Conclusion:There is a need to emphasize skill-based health literacy training and to use effective skill development techniques that are tailored to the specific roles and responsibilities of health volunteers.It is also recommended to continuously monitor and evaluate the outcomes of these efforts.
基金supported by the Faculty of Medicine,Srinakharinwirot University(Research Grant 129/2560).
文摘Objective:To investigate the mechanisms by which unripe papaya extract(UCP)protects skin keratinocytes from UVB-induced inflammation and apoptosis.Methods:High-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify the phytochemical composition of UCP.The free radical scavenging capacity of UCP was assessed against O_(2)·^(-),and H2O2.HaCaT cells were pre-treated with varying concentrations of UCP and exposed to 40 mJ/cm2 UVB radiation.Cell viability,reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,apoptotic markers,and inflammatory mediators were evaluated using standard biochemical assays and molecular techniques.Results:UCP treatment significantly improved cell viability and reduced intracellular ROS and the release of O_(2)·^(-)and H2O2.UCP also inhibited apoptosis,as evidenced by reduced cytochrome c release and suppression of Akt phosphorylation.Additionally,UCP exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating COX-2 expression,suppressing PGE2 release,and inhibiting c-Jun and NF-κB signaling pathways.Conclusions:UCP effectively protects skin keratinocytes from UVB-induced oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis.These findings support its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for preventing UV-related skin damage.However,in vivo studies are warranted to confirm its efficacy.
基金supported by Chiang Mai University for providing infrastructure and the NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources&Institutional Development,Research and Innovation[grant number B05F650022]for the software CST Studio Suite^(■)2023Financial support for the reengineering and commissioning of the accelerator system was provided by the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics(ThEP Center),Science and Technology Park Chiang Mai University(CMU STeP)。
文摘A 4 MeV RF linear accelerator for electron beam irradiation applications has been developed at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory,Thailand.The system has been reengineered using a decommissioned medical linear accelerator.The main components include a thermionic DC electron gun,an RF linear accelerator,a beam diagnostic chamber,and a beam exit window for electron beam irradiation.Therefore,reengineering must be performed based on the characteristics of the electron beam and its dynamics throughout the system.In this study,the electron beam current density emitted from the cathode was calculated based on the thermionic emission theory,and the result was used to produce the electron beam distribution in the gun using CST Studio Suite^(■)software.The properties of the electron beam and its acceleration in the linear accelerator and downstream diagnostic section were studied using the ASTRA electron beam dynamics simulation code,with the aim of producing an electron beam with an average energy of 4 MeV at the linear accelerator exit.The transverse beam profile and electron deposition dose in the ambient environment were calculated using Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation software to estimate the beam performance for the irradiation experiments.The parameters studied can be used as guidelines for machine operation and future experimental plans.
文摘There’s a popular saying that captures the deep and heartfelt connection between China and Thailand:“China and Thailand are not strangers,but brothers”—or in Chinese,“中泰一家亲.”This phrase is more than just a charming proverb.It reflects centuries of migration,shared traditions,and growing goodwill between two nations whose relationship has matured into one of the most enduring and peoplecentered partnerships in Asia.
基金support from the NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources&Institutional Development,Research,and Innovation(No.B05F650022),as well as from Chiang Mai University.
文摘A super-radiant terahertz free-electron laser(THz-FEL)light source was developed for the first time in Thailand and Southeast Asia at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory(PCELL)of Chiang Mai University.This radiation source requires relatively ultrashort electron bunches to produce intense coherent THz pulses.Three electron bunch compression processes are utilized in the PCELL accelerator system comprising pre-bunch compression in an alpha magnet,velocity bunching in a radio-frequency(RF)linear accelerator(linac),and magnetic bunch compression in a 180°acromat system.Electron bunch compression in the magnetic compressor system poses considerable challenges,which are addressed through the use of three quadrupole doublets.The strengths of the quadrupole fields significantly influence the rotation of the beam line longitudinal phase space distribution along the bunch compressor.Start-to-end beam dynamics simulations using the ASTRA code were performed to optimize the electron beam properties for generating super-radiant THz-FEL radiation.The operational parameters considered in the simulations comprise the alpha magnet gradient,linac RF phase,and quadrupole field strengths.The optimization results show that 10-16MeV femtosecond electron bunches with a low energy spread(~0.2%),small normalized emittance(~15πmm·mrad),and high peak current(165-247A)can be produced by the PCELL accelerator system at the optimal parameters.A THz-FEL with sub-microjoule pulse energies can thus be obtained at the optimized electron beam parameters.The physical and conceptual design of the THz-FEL beamline were completed based on the beam dynamics simulation results.The construction and installation of this beamline are currently underway and expected to be completed by mid-2024.The commissioning of the beamline will then commence.
基金supported by the National Research Council of Thailand(No.NRCT-5-RSA63004-16)Chiang Mai University.S.Pakluea acknowledges scholarship support from the Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand(SAST).
文摘Terahertz(THz)radiation possesses unique properties that make it a promising light source for applications in various fields,particularly spectroscopy and imaging.Ongoing research and development in THz technology has focused on developing or improving THz sources,detectors,and applications.At the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory(PCELL)of the Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility in Chiang Mai University,high-intensity THz radiation has been generated in the form of coherent transition radiation(TR)and investigated since 2006 for electron beams with energies ranging from 8 to 12 MeV.In this study,we investigate and optimize the coherent TR arising from short electron bunches with energies ranging from 8 to 22 MeV using an upgraded linear-accelerator system with a higher radio-frequency(RF)power system.This radiation is then transported from the accelerator hall to the experimental room,in which the spectrometers are located.Electron-beam simulations are conducted to achieve short bunch lengths and small transverse beam sizes at the TR station.Radiation properties,including the radiation spectrum,angular distribution,and radiation polarization,are thoroughly investigated.The electron-bunch length is evaluated using the measuring system.The radiation-transport line is designed to achieve optimal frequency response and high transmission efficiency.A radiation-transmission efficiency of approximately 80-90%can be achieved with this designed system,along with a pulse energy ranging from 0.17 to 0.25μJ.The expected radiation spectral range covers up to 2 THz with a peak power of 0.5-1.25 MW.This coherent,broadband,and intense THz radiation will serve as a light source for THz spectroscopy and THz time-domain spectroscopy applications at the PCELL in the near future.
基金supported by the Mae Fah Luang University Research Development Grant 2023,Mae Fah Luang University,Chiang Rai Thailand(Grant no.661B07007 to KW)the Technology and Innovation-Based Enterprise Development Fund:Fund(Grant no.YP043/2565 to AO and PW).
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of synbiotic mulberry on kidney injury in a dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colitis model.Methods:Male Wistar rats were given drinking water containing 4%DSS for 7 days.Subsequently,the rats were treated by oral gavage with synbiotic mulberry at 250,500,and 1000 mg/kg,sulfasalazine at 100 mg/kg,or synbiotic at 1000 mg/kg for an additional 7 days while receiving 0.4%DSS in drinking water.The severity of colitis was evaluated based on the disease activity index score.On day 14,plasma was collected,and the kidneys were harvested to evaluate kidney injury parameters and histological changes.In addition,the expression of genes associated with kidney injury was determined by quantitative RT-PCR.Results:Treatment with all doses of synbiotic mulberry significantly lowered the disease activity index score,accompanied by reductions in kidney histopathological changes,malondialdehyde concentration,and plasma cystatin C levels.Kidney fibrosis was also ameliorated by 500 and 1000 mg/kg of synbiotic mulberry.Treatment with 250 and 500 mg/kg of synbiotic mulberry downregulated IL-18 mRNA expression,while KIM-1 mRNA expression was reduced and plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein level was restored by 1000 mg/kg of synbiotic mulberry.Conclusions:Synbiotic mulberry ameliorates kidney injury in rats with DSS-induced colitis.It may be further explored as a treatment of kidney injury under colitis conditions.
基金provided by“Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program”awarded to Fang YANthe Yunnan Fundamental Research Project(202201AW070018)+1 种基金the Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fundthe University of Phayao,Unit of Excellence 2025 on Aquatic Animals Biodiversity Assessment(PhaseⅠ)。
文摘Here,we described Gekko(Japonigekko)ichangensis sp.nov.,a new member of the genus Gekko Laurenti,1768,based on specimens collected from Changyang Tujia Autonomous County,Yichang City,Hubei Province,China.Morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial cytb and 16S genes place the new species within the subgenus Japonigekko,clustering with G.(J.)wenxianensis.The new species differs from other Japonigekko congeners by the following set of characteristics:(1)moderate body size(snout-vent length 58.5–66.5 mm in adult individuals);(2)nostrils touching the rostral,with 1–2 internasals present;(3)tubercles distributed on the head,dorsum,limbs,and tail,excluding the upper forelimbs;(4)174–195ventral scales spanning from the mental to the cloacal slit;(5)39–47 rows of ventral scales;(6)12–15 subdigital lamellae under the first toes and 13–18under the fourth toes;(7)weakly developed webbing;(8)5–8 precloacal pores in males;(9)three unilateral postcloacal tubercles;(10)a brown dorsum with six broad,irregular dark-brown bands extending from the nape to the sacrum.The identification of this new species raises the number of described Gekko species to 90.In China,25 species are recorded,21 of which belong to the subgenus Japonigekko.
基金supported in part by the e-ASIA Joint Research Program from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED)(grant number:21jm0210062h0004).
文摘Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is a fatal bile duct malignancy.CCA is intrinsically resistant to standard chemotherapy,responds poorly to it,and has a poor prognosis.Effective treatments for cholangiocarcinoma remain elusive,and a breakthrough in CCA treatment is still awaited.The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)plays an oncogenic role by promoting an aggressive cancer phenotype through multiple pathways.While HER2 has shown increasing potential as an effective target for breast and gastric cancers over the last decade,this has not been the case for CCA.This review explores the possibility of targeting HER2 in CCA immunotherapy.Key findings suggest that HER2 alterations have been reported as one of the signatures associated with a poorer prognosis in liver fluke-associated CCA,the most prevalent subtype in Southeast Asia.Furthermore,we assess recent advances in HER2-targeted therapeutic approaches,presenting the current stage,rationale,and evidence supporting the use of HER2 as a promising therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy in CCA.We also emphasize the crucial role of animal models in developing anticancer therapies.In summary,focusing on HER2 expression could provide alternative strategies for the HER2-altered CCA cluster.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42101089)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2022YFS0586)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Rainfall-induced shallow landslides pose one of significant geological hazards,necessitating precise monitoring and prediction for effective disaster mitigation.Most studies on landslide prediction have focused on optimizing machine learning(ML)algorithms,very limited attention has been paid to enhancing data quality for improved predictive performance.This study employs strategic data augmentation(DA)techniques to enhance the accuracy of shallow landslide prediction.Using five DA methods including singular spectrum analysis(SSA),moving averages(MA),wavelet denoising(WD),variational mode decomposition(VMD),and linear interpolation(LI),we utilize strategies such as smoothing,denoising,trend decomposition,and synthetic data generation to improve the training dataset.Four machine learning algorithms,i.e.artificial neural network(ANN),recurrent neural network(RNN),one-dimensional convolutional neural network(CNN1D),and long short-term memory(LSTM),are used to forecast landslide displacement.The case study of a landslide in southwest China shows the effectiveness of our approach in predicting landslide displacements,despite the inherent limitations of the monitoring dataset.VMD proves the most effective for smoothing and denoising,improving R^(2),RMSE,and MAPE by 172.16%,71.82%,and 98.9%,respectively.SSA addresses missing data,while LI is effective with limited data samples,improving metrics by 21.6%,52.59%,and 47.87%,respectively.This study demonstrates the potential of DA techniques to mitigate the impact of data defects on landslide prediction accuracy,with implications for similar cases.
基金supported by a Postgraduate Study Support Grant from the Faculty of Medicine,Khon Kaen University.
文摘Zoonotic hookworm infections remain a significant public health problem,causing nearly 500 million cases globally and approximately four million disability-adjusted life years lost annually.More than one-fifth of these cases are attributed to Ancylostoma ceylanicum,an emerging zoonotic health issue in the Asia-Pacific region.This review presents key research gaps regarding the epidemiology,diagnosis,control,prevention and elimination of A.ceylanicum and other canine zoonotic hookworms as neglected health threats.A.ceylanicum is the second most prevalent human hookworm in the region;it is the most common hookworm among dogs and cats-reservoirs of zoonotic infections.Previous population genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that A.ceylanicum has three possible transmission dynamics:zoonotic,animal-only,and human-only pathways.The actual burden of zoonotic ancylostomiasis in most endemic countries remains unknown due to the use of parasitological techniques(e.g.,Kato-Katz thick smear and floatation techniques)that have reduced diagnostic performance and do not allow accurate species identification in helminth surveys.The emergence of benzimidazole resistance in soil-transmitted helminths(STHs),including hookworms,is a concern due to the protracted implementation of mass drug administration(MDA).Resistance is conferred by single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)that occur in theβ-tubulin isotype 1 gene.These mutations have been reported in drug-resistant A.caninum but have not been found in A.ceylanicum in the field.A.ceylanicum remains understudied in the Asia-Pacific region.The zoonotic nature of the parasite warrants investigation of its occurrence in human and animal reservoir hosts to understand the dynamics of zoonotic transmission in different endemic foci.The detection of benzimidazole resistance-associated SNPs in zoonotic hookworms from Asia-Pacific countries has yet to be thoroughly explored.Considering the high level of hookworm endemicity in the region,the circulation of resistant isolates between humans and animals potentially presents a significant One Health threat that can undermine current MDA and proposed animal deworming-based control efforts.
文摘Earthworms play a vital role in enhancing soil quality and structure in agricultural ecosystems.This study investigated the diversity of earthworm species found in banana and guava orchards in Nakhon Pathom,Thailand,where 166 samples were collected.The results showed that 56.63%of earthworms were in the adult stage.In the banana orchard,researchers identified two families and four species:from the family Megascolecidae,they found Amynthas alexandri,Metaphire posthuma,and Polypheretima elongata,along with one species from the family Moniligastridae,Drawida sp.In the guava orchard,two families and two species were identified:from the family Megascolecidae,Metaphire posthuma,and from the family Moniligastridae,Drawida sp.Fungi isolated from the intestines of earthworms,precisely the strains EW2,EW3,EW6,EW13,EW16,EW23,EW25,EW26,EW28,EW38,EW39,EW40,EW41,EW43,and EW44,have demonstrated the ability to produce cellulase.Among these,the fungus EW41 exhibited the highest cellulase activity,measuring 32.97 units per milliliter at an optimal temperature of 60℃ and a pH of 5.0.This study high-ranlightsthat most earthworm species in agricultural soils belong to the family Megascolecidae.Furthermore,earthwormsplay a crucial role in enhancing the chemical properties of the soil.The cellulolytic fungi present in earthworm intestinescontribute to the natural decomposition of organic matter,thereby promoting soil health by converting plant residuesinto nutrient-rich compost.These findings suggest promising applications of earthworm-associated fungi in sustainableagriculture and organic waste management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52201379)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.WUT:3120622898)+2 种基金State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis,Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment,Dalian University of Technology(Grant No.GZ 231088)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Naval Architecture Engineering(Grant No.SE202305)funded by European Research Council project under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(Grant No.TRUST CoG 2019864724).
文摘Due to global warming and diminishing ice cover in Arctic regions,the northern sea route(NSR)has attracted increasing attention in recent years.Extreme cold temperatures and high wind speeds in Arctic regions present substantial risks to vessels operating along the NSR.Consequently,analyzing extreme temperature and wind speed values along the NSR is essential for ensuring maritime operational safety in the region.This study analyzes wind and temperature data spanning 40 years,from 1981 to 2020,at four representative sites along the NSR for extreme value analysis.The average conditional exceedance rate(ACER)method and the Gumbel method are employed to estimate extreme wind speed and air temperature at these sites.Comparative analysis reveals that the ACER method provides higher accuracy and lower uncertainty in estimations.The predicted extreme wind speed for a 100-year return period is 30.36 m/s,with a minimum temperature of-56.66°C,varying across the four sites.Furthermore,the study presents extreme values corresponding to each return period,providing temperature extremes as a basis for guiding steel thickness specifications.These findings provide valuable reference for designing polar vessels and offshore structures,contributing to enhanced engineering standards for Arctic conditions.
基金supported by Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai University+2 种基金supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of Healththrough grant number UL1 TR001860. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH。
文摘BACKGROUND: Targeted temperature management(TTM) is a common therapeutic intervention, yet its cost-effectiveness remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world cost-effectiveness of TTM compared with that of conventional care in adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA) survivors using clinical patient-level data.METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at an academic medical center in the USA to assess the cost-effectiveness of TTM in adult non-traumatic OHCA survivors between 1 January, 2019 and 30 June, 2023. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs) were calculated and compared with various decision makers' willingness to pay. Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves were utilized to evaluate the economic attractiveness of TTM. Uncertainty about the incremental cost and effect was explored with a 95% confidence ellipse.RESULTS: Among 925 non-traumatic OHCA survivors, only 30(3%) received TTM. After adjusting for potential confounders, the TTM group did not demonstrate a significantly lower cost(delta cost-$5,141, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: $-35,347 to $25,065, P=0.79) and higher survival to hospital discharge(delta effect 6%, 95% CI:-11% to 23%, P=0.41). Additionally, a 95% confidence ellipse indicated uncertainty reflected by evidence that the true value of the ICER could be in any of the quadrants of the cost-effectiveness plane.CONCLUSION: Although TTM did not demonstrate a clear survival benefit in this study, its potential cost-effectiveness warrants further investigation with larger sample sizes. These findings highlight the need for additional research to optimize TTM use in OHCA care and inform resource allocation decisions.
文摘This study investigates the diversity of gut microbiota in Metaphire peguana,an earthworm species commonly found in agricultural areas of Thailand.Earthworms play a critical role in soil ecosystems by supporting nutrient cycling and breaking down organic matter.Understanding the microbial diversity in their gut is essential for exploring their ecological contributions.Using Next Generation Sequencing(NGS),we analyzed the mycobiome in the gut of M.peguana.Our findings revealed a high diversity of fungal species,primarily belonging to two major phyla:Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum,comprising 40.1% of the total fungal species identified.A total of 33 distinct fungal species were identified,which underscores the richness of microbial life within the earthworm gut.This study successfully created the first genetic database of the microbial community in M.peguana,providing a foundation for future research in agricultural applications.The microbial species identified,particularly siderophoreproducing fungi,could have significant implications for improving soil fertility and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.The use of NGS technology has enabled comprehensive profiling of microbial communities,allowing for precise identification of fungi that may play essential roles in soil health.Furthermore,the study paves the way for future studies on the potential applications of earthworm gut microbiomes in biotechnology,especially in enhancing soil nutrient availability and plant growth.The findings of this research contribute to the broader understanding of the ecological roles of earthworms and their microbiomes in soil ecosystems.
文摘Eosinophilic myocarditis(EM)is a rare inflammatory condition of the heart,often associated with eosinophilic infiltration.While its causes range from allergies to autoimmune and infectious diseases,parasitic infections are an uncommon but critical etiology.This mini-review focuses on a case of EM in a 47-year-old male from Vietnam,linked to Schistosoma spp.,Strongyloides stercoralis,and Toxocara spp.infections.The patient presented with severe chest pain and recovered fully after treatment with corticosteroids and albendazole.Drawing insights from this case and existing literature,we discuss the pathophysiology,diagnostic approaches,and therapeutic strategies for parasite-induced EM.Early diagnosis and tailored treatment are essential to improve clinical outcomes,especially in endemic para-sitic areas.
