Annual haze in Northern Thailand has become increasingly severe,impacting health and the environment.How-ever,the sources of the haze remain poorly quantified due to limited observational data on aerosol molecular tra...Annual haze in Northern Thailand has become increasingly severe,impacting health and the environment.How-ever,the sources of the haze remain poorly quantified due to limited observational data on aerosol molecular tracers.This study comprehensively investigates chemical composition of PM_(2.5),including both inorganic and organic compounds throughout haze and post-haze periods in 2019 at a rural site of Northern Thailand.Average PM_(2.5) concentrations during haze and post-haze period were 87±36 and 21±11μg/m^(3),respectively.Organic matter was the dominant contributor in PM_(2.5) mass,followed by water soluble inorganic ions and mineral dust.Molecular markers,including levoglucosan,dehydroabietic acid,and 4-nitrocatechol,and ions(Cl^(-),and K^(+)),were used to characterize low haze(PM_(2.5)<100μg/m^(3))and episodic haze(PM_(2.5)>100μg/m^(3)).Low haze is associated with local aerosols from agricultural waste burning,while episodic haze is linked to aged aerosols from mixed agricultural waste,softwood,and hardwood burning.Source apportionment incorporating these molecular markers in receptor modelling(Positive matrix factorization),identified three distinct biomass burning sources:mixed,local,and aged biomass burnings,contributing 31,19 and 13%of PM_(2.5) during haze period.During post-haze period,contributions shifted,with local biomass burning(32%)comparable to secondary sulfate(34%)and mixed dust and traffic sources(26%).These findings demonstrate that both regional and local sources con-tribute to severe haze,highlighting the need for integrated policies for cross-border cooperation as well as stricter regulations to reduce biomass burning in Northern Thailand and Southeast Asia.展开更多
Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)have emerged as a promising class of scientific machine learning techniques that integrate governing physical laws into neural network training.Their ability to enforce different...Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)have emerged as a promising class of scientific machine learning techniques that integrate governing physical laws into neural network training.Their ability to enforce differential equations,constitutive relations,and boundary conditions within the loss function provides a physically grounded alternative to traditional data-driven models,particularly for solid and structural mechanics,where data are often limited or noisy.This review offers a comprehensive assessment of recent developments in PINNs,combining bibliometric analysis,theoretical foundations,application-oriented insights,and methodological innovations.A biblio-metric survey indicates a rapid increase in publications on PINNs since 2018,with prominent research clusters focused on numerical methods,structural analysis,and forecasting.Building upon this trend,the review consolidates advance-ments across five principal application domains,including forward structural analysis,inverse modeling and parameter identification,structural and topology optimization,assessment of structural integrity,and manufacturing processes.These applications are propelled by substantial methodological advancements,encompassing rigorous enforcement of boundary conditions,modified loss functions,adaptive training,domain decomposition strategies,multi-fidelity and transfer learning approaches,as well as hybrid finite element–PINN integration.These advances address recurring challenges in solid mechanics,such as high-order governing equations,material heterogeneity,complex geometries,localized phenomena,and limited experimental data.Despite remaining challenges in computational cost,scalability,and experimental validation,PINNs are increasingly evolving into specialized,physics-aware tools for practical solid and structural mechanics applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation(IBS-C)is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder that significantly impacts the quality of life of patients and currently lacks a definitive treatment.The ...BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation(IBS-C)is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder that significantly impacts the quality of life of patients and currently lacks a definitive treatment.The use of electroacupuncture(EA)has demonstrated clinical efficacy in treating IBS-C and the gut-brain axis modulation,though its mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To investigate gut-brain-microbiota axis alteration and EA-associated microbial changes in IBS-C patients and treatment responders.METHODS This study consisted of two phases.The first phase was a cross-sectional study recruiting sixteen IBS-C patients and 16 healthy controls.Baseline fecal samples were collected to assess gut microbiota profiles between the two groups.The second phase was an observational longitudinal study in which the 16 IBS-C patients underwent nine EA sessions over one month.Gut microbiota profiles and clinical outcomes were assessed post-treatment course and at a one-month follow-up.RESULTS IBS-C patients exhibited significant gut dysbiosis,as indicated by altered beta diversity compared to healthy controls.EA significantly improved clinical outcomes and gut dysbiosis,with sustained therapeutic effects and normalization of neurotransmitter-related metabolic pathways observed at one-month follow-up.Notably,the gut bacterium Senegalimassilia was positively associated with symptom improvement,suggesting its potential as a predictive biomarker of EA responsiveness.CONCLUSION These findings support the integration of EA into IBS-C management and highlight Senegalimassilia as a candidate microbial biomarker for treatment response.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome is a rare condition that occurs in patients with thalassemia.It typically presents with a combination of profound anemia and milky serum.Although previous case seri...BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome is a rare condition that occurs in patients with thalassemia.It typically presents with a combination of profound anemia and milky serum.Although previous case series have demonstrated the benefit of blood transfusions in reducing serum triglycerides,information regar-ding clinical outcomes and standard management in this setting remains limited.AIM To identify the clinical course,treatment strategies,and outcomes of patients with hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome.METHODS We performed a comprehensive search of the Scopus,PubMed,and Embase databases.We included only English-language articles and did not apply any publication date limits.The databases were last accessed on September 1,2024.This study was registered under number CRD420250587918 and included studies involving children and adults with thalassemia,hypertriglyceridemia,and available data on clinical course.RESULTS A total of 14 publications were included in the analysis,all of which were case reports or case series.No higher-quality evidence was available.Among 28 children with hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome,there were 22 cases ofβ-thalassemia major and 6 cases of hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia,including our illustrative case.The median age of onset was 11 months,and 92.3%of cases presented prior to the first blood transfusion.The common clinical manifestations included pallor(100%)and hepatosplenomegaly(67.9%).For hypertriglyceridemia-related symptoms,lipemia retinalis and xanthomas were observed in 25.0%and 10.7%of cases,respectively.The median hemoglobin level was 5.5 g/dL,while the median triglyceride level was 935 mg/dL.For management,92.9%of cases received blood transfusions with or without other interventions.At a median of 12 months’follow-up,all patients responded to the treatment without lipid-lowering agents,and 85.7%of cases were alive.CONCLUSION Hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome occurs exclusively in young children and usually presents with anemia and severe hypertriglyceridemia prior to the first transfusion.Management with blood transfusions provides a favorable response.However,long-term regular monitoring is warranted.展开更多
Objective:Many children with fully corrected congenital heart disease(CHD)avoid physicalactivity(PA).This descriptive study sought to determine child and parental factors that could predict PAlevels in Thai dhildren a...Objective:Many children with fully corrected congenital heart disease(CHD)avoid physicalactivity(PA).This descriptive study sought to determine child and parental factors that could predict PAlevels in Thai dhildren after corrective surgery.Methods:Ninety schoolaged children with fully correctedCHD were recruited from a cardiology clinic at a university hospital in northern Thailand.Data collectioninvolved five validated questionnaires:(1)the Modified Thai Adolescent's Fhysical Activity Questionnaire,(2)the Child Health Status Questionnaire-Forms I and II1,(3)the Parental Knowledge on School-agedChildrer's PhysicalActivity Scale,(4)the Perceived Self-efficacy to Physical Activity Questionnaire,and(5)the Parntal Bonding Instrument.The analysis included descriptive statistics and stepwise multipleregression.Results:Results showed that the physical activity(PA.)levels,assessed through total energyexpenditure,of child ran with CHD were below the recommended levels after treatment(t=-8.33,p<0.001).There were sigrificant correlations between PA and factors such as a child's perceived health status,PAself-efficacy,and parentaloverprotection(r=0.39,p<0.050;r=0.46,p<0.050;r=0.25,p<0.050,respectively).After adjustment for demographic data and CHD type,these factors had no association with a child's PA.Only two factors predicted childhood PA—the child's perceived health status and PA self-efficacy whichcould explain27.3%of the variance of PA.(p<0.001).Conclusion:The study highlights the necessity forinterventions to enhance childrer's perception of their health status and PA self-efficacy to increase theirphysical activity levels.展开更多
This work investigates a combined cooling,heating,and power(CCHP)generation system utilizing waste energy.A cascade-CCHP system is developed,consisting of a 23.65-kWe organic Rankine cycle(ORC),a 4.00-kW adsorption ch...This work investigates a combined cooling,heating,and power(CCHP)generation system utilizing waste energy.A cascade-CCHP system is developed,consisting of a 23.65-kWe organic Rankine cycle(ORC),a 4.00-kW adsorption chiller,a 4.11-kW absorption chiller,a 15.99-kW drying room,and an incinerator of 150 kg/h.A net energy production of 36.08 kWh is achieved from a CCHP energy efficiency of 9.98%.The levelized cost for producing a total energy output of 2,020,592 kWh over a lifespan of 20 years is approximately 0.106 USD/kWh.The life cycle assessment(LCA)yields a single score of approximately 0.000151 Pt,mainly attributed to raw materials used in the construction process of 87.16%.In addition,the combustion ash is processed into concrete blocks measuring 39 cm×19 cm×7 cm,in accordance with the Industrial Product Standard(TIS)58-2533,with a water absorption value below 5%and a compressive strength exceeding 25 kg/cm2.The CCHP system demonstrates a novel method of waste-to-energy(WtE),and the construction material from waste combustion ash can also support a new concept of waste-to-zero(WtZ).展开更多
Background:Oral health issues persistently affect the overall health and well-being of rural populations.Village health volunteers(VHVs)play a crucial role in advancing oral health literacy in their community.This stu...Background:Oral health issues persistently affect the overall health and well-being of rural populations.Village health volunteers(VHVs)play a crucial role in advancing oral health literacy in their community.This study aimed to examine the factors related to nutritional literacy for oral health among VHVs.Methods:This was a mixed-methods study employing an explanatory sequential design.The quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires distributed to a cohort of 10,514 VHVs registered in Health Region 1.A stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure adequate representation of various subgroups within the VHV population,considering factors such as age,education level,and geographical distribution across the region.This approach allowed for a more representative sample that accurately reflects the diversity of the VHV population.Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with a purposive sampling of 20 participants based on specific criteria.Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and biserial correlation techniques,while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.Results:The study found that the sample group possessed a moderate level of knowledge of health literacy principles and nutrition for oral health.However,their self-assessed skills in nutritional literacy for oral health were rated as high.A statistically significant negative correlation was found between knowledge of nutrition for oral health and skills in nutritional literacy for oral health.VHVs equated health literacy with knowledge because their public health training had focused more on imparting knowledge rather than developing skills based on health literacy principles.Conclusion:There is a need to emphasize skill-based health literacy training and to use effective skill development techniques that are tailored to the specific roles and responsibilities of health volunteers.It is also recommended to continuously monitor and evaluate the outcomes of these efforts.展开更多
The Black–Scholes equation is one of the most important partial differential equations governing the value of financial derivatives in financial markets.The Black–Scholes model for pricing stock options has been app...The Black–Scholes equation is one of the most important partial differential equations governing the value of financial derivatives in financial markets.The Black–Scholes model for pricing stock options has been applied to various payoff structures,and options trading is based on Black and Scholes’principle of dynamic hedging to estimate and assess option prices over time.However,the Black–Scholes model requires severe constraints,assumptions,and conditions to be applied to real-life financial and economic problems.Several methods and approaches have been developed to approach these conditions,such as fractional Black–Scholes models based on fractional derivatives.These fractional models are expected since the Black–Scholes equation is derived using Ito’s lemma from stochastic calculus,where fractional derivatives play a leading role.Hence,a fractional stochastic model that includes the basic Black–Scholes model as a special case is expected.However,these fractional financial models require computational tools and advanced analytical methods to solve the associated fractional Black–Scholes equations.Nevertheless,it is believed that the fractal nature of economic processes permits to model economical and financial markets problems more accurately compared to the conventional model.The relationship between fractional calculus and fractals is well-known in the literature.This study introduces a generalized Black–Scholes equation in fractal dimensions and discusses its role in financial marketing.In our analysis,we consider power-laws properties for volatility,interest rated,and dividend payout,which emerge in several empirical regularities in quantitative finance and economics.We apply our model to study the problem of pricing barrier option and we estimate the values of fractal dimensions in both time and in space.Our model can be used to obtain the prices of many pay-off models.We observe that fractal dimensions considerably affect the solutions of the Black–Scholes equation and that,for fractal dimensions much smaller than unity,the call option increases significantly.We prove that fractal dimensions are a powerful tool to obtain new results.Further details are analyzed and discussed.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the mechanisms by which unripe papaya extract(UCP)protects skin keratinocytes from UVB-induced inflammation and apoptosis.Methods:High-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify th...Objective:To investigate the mechanisms by which unripe papaya extract(UCP)protects skin keratinocytes from UVB-induced inflammation and apoptosis.Methods:High-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify the phytochemical composition of UCP.The free radical scavenging capacity of UCP was assessed against O_(2)·^(-),and H2O2.HaCaT cells were pre-treated with varying concentrations of UCP and exposed to 40 mJ/cm2 UVB radiation.Cell viability,reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,apoptotic markers,and inflammatory mediators were evaluated using standard biochemical assays and molecular techniques.Results:UCP treatment significantly improved cell viability and reduced intracellular ROS and the release of O_(2)·^(-)and H2O2.UCP also inhibited apoptosis,as evidenced by reduced cytochrome c release and suppression of Akt phosphorylation.Additionally,UCP exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating COX-2 expression,suppressing PGE2 release,and inhibiting c-Jun and NF-κB signaling pathways.Conclusions:UCP effectively protects skin keratinocytes from UVB-induced oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis.These findings support its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for preventing UV-related skin damage.However,in vivo studies are warranted to confirm its efficacy.展开更多
A 4 MeV RF linear accelerator for electron beam irradiation applications has been developed at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory,Thailand.The system has been reengineered using a decommissioned medical linear acce...A 4 MeV RF linear accelerator for electron beam irradiation applications has been developed at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory,Thailand.The system has been reengineered using a decommissioned medical linear accelerator.The main components include a thermionic DC electron gun,an RF linear accelerator,a beam diagnostic chamber,and a beam exit window for electron beam irradiation.Therefore,reengineering must be performed based on the characteristics of the electron beam and its dynamics throughout the system.In this study,the electron beam current density emitted from the cathode was calculated based on the thermionic emission theory,and the result was used to produce the electron beam distribution in the gun using CST Studio Suite^(■)software.The properties of the electron beam and its acceleration in the linear accelerator and downstream diagnostic section were studied using the ASTRA electron beam dynamics simulation code,with the aim of producing an electron beam with an average energy of 4 MeV at the linear accelerator exit.The transverse beam profile and electron deposition dose in the ambient environment were calculated using Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation software to estimate the beam performance for the irradiation experiments.The parameters studied can be used as guidelines for machine operation and future experimental plans.展开更多
Concrete blocks are widely used for wall construction in Thailand,and reliable Carbon Footprint of Product(CFP)data for these blocks is essential for accurately estimating the embodied carbon of buildings—a crucial c...Concrete blocks are widely used for wall construction in Thailand,and reliable Carbon Footprint of Product(CFP)data for these blocks is essential for accurately estimating the embodied carbon of buildings—a crucial consideration in sustainable building design.This research evaluates the CFP of concrete blocks produced by a Thai factory,using a functional unit of one ton.The assessment applies a“Cradle to Gate”approach,covering both raw material acquisition and product manufacturing stages.The study period spans one year,from January 1,2023,to December 31,2023.Results show that the CFP for the case study block is 88.508 kgCO₂eq/t,with the raw material acquisition stage responsible for 84.778 kgCO₂eq/t(95.79%of the CFP),and production stage emissions at 3.730 kgCO₂eq/t(4.21%of the CFP).A detailed analysis of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions reveals several key findings:(1)Portland cement is the primary source,accounting for 80.69%of the CFP;(2)emissions from the transportation of crushed stone and coarse sand are notably high;(3)electricity usage contributes 2.558 kgCO₂eq/t;and(4)broken concrete blocks constitute 12.93%of the mixture volume.This study not only addresses a critical gap in the availability of CFP data for concrete blocks in sustainable building analysis in Thailand,but also identifies key areas where GHG emissions associated with concrete block manufacturing can be reduced.The insights provided here are valuable for concrete block manufacturers across Thailand,especially those with similar production processes,as they work toward lowering the CFP of their products.展开更多
There’s a popular saying that captures the deep and heartfelt connection between China and Thailand:“China and Thailand are not strangers,but brothers”—or in Chinese,“中泰一家亲.”This phrase is more than just a ...There’s a popular saying that captures the deep and heartfelt connection between China and Thailand:“China and Thailand are not strangers,but brothers”—or in Chinese,“中泰一家亲.”This phrase is more than just a charming proverb.It reflects centuries of migration,shared traditions,and growing goodwill between two nations whose relationship has matured into one of the most enduring and peoplecentered partnerships in Asia.展开更多
A super-radiant terahertz free-electron laser(THz-FEL)light source was developed for the first time in Thailand and Southeast Asia at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory(PCELL)of Chiang Mai University.This radiation...A super-radiant terahertz free-electron laser(THz-FEL)light source was developed for the first time in Thailand and Southeast Asia at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory(PCELL)of Chiang Mai University.This radiation source requires relatively ultrashort electron bunches to produce intense coherent THz pulses.Three electron bunch compression processes are utilized in the PCELL accelerator system comprising pre-bunch compression in an alpha magnet,velocity bunching in a radio-frequency(RF)linear accelerator(linac),and magnetic bunch compression in a 180°acromat system.Electron bunch compression in the magnetic compressor system poses considerable challenges,which are addressed through the use of three quadrupole doublets.The strengths of the quadrupole fields significantly influence the rotation of the beam line longitudinal phase space distribution along the bunch compressor.Start-to-end beam dynamics simulations using the ASTRA code were performed to optimize the electron beam properties for generating super-radiant THz-FEL radiation.The operational parameters considered in the simulations comprise the alpha magnet gradient,linac RF phase,and quadrupole field strengths.The optimization results show that 10-16MeV femtosecond electron bunches with a low energy spread(~0.2%),small normalized emittance(~15πmm·mrad),and high peak current(165-247A)can be produced by the PCELL accelerator system at the optimal parameters.A THz-FEL with sub-microjoule pulse energies can thus be obtained at the optimized electron beam parameters.The physical and conceptual design of the THz-FEL beamline were completed based on the beam dynamics simulation results.The construction and installation of this beamline are currently underway and expected to be completed by mid-2024.The commissioning of the beamline will then commence.展开更多
Background:Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress is an important factor in the development of numerous cardiovascular disorders;nevertheless,the association between ER stress and mitral regurgitation(MR)remains inadequately...Background:Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress is an important factor in the development of numerous cardiovascular disorders;nevertheless,the association between ER stress and mitral regurgitation(MR)remains inadequately characterized.The molecular mechanism of pimobendan(PIMO)that contributes to the delay in congestive heart failure(CHF)in MR associated with apoptosis and fibrosis is still unclear.Our aim was to examine the impact of PIMO on ER stress,apoptosis,and fibrosis in a chronic MR rat model.Methods:MR was surgically induced in 10 Sprague–Dawley rats,with 5 serving as sham operation controls.At 8 weeks postsurgery,the MR animals were randomly allocated into two groups:MR and MR+PIMO groups.PIMO was administered twice daily through oral gavage for 4 weeks,whereas the sham and MR groups were administered similar quantities of drinking water.Echocardiography was conducted before the delivery of PIMO as a baseline measure and at the end of the study.At the end of the investigation,hearts were procured for histopathological and ER stress evaluations.Results:PIMO significantly maintained heart function and structural remodeling in the MR animals.PIMO significantly reduced MR-induced myocyte apoptosis(p=0.044)and fibrosis(p=0.002)by reducing the messenger RNA expression of genes associated with ER stress(GRP78[glucose-regulated protein 78],ATF4[activating transcription factor 4],and CHOP[C/ERP homologous protein])compared to the MR group(p<0.05,p<0.01,and p<0.001,respectively).Conclusion:PIMO demonstrated cardioprotective benefits on heart function,myocyte apoptosis,and fibrosis by regulating ER stress in an MR-induced CHF rat model.展开更多
Terahertz(THz)radiation possesses unique properties that make it a promising light source for applications in various fields,particularly spectroscopy and imaging.Ongoing research and development in THz technology has...Terahertz(THz)radiation possesses unique properties that make it a promising light source for applications in various fields,particularly spectroscopy and imaging.Ongoing research and development in THz technology has focused on developing or improving THz sources,detectors,and applications.At the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory(PCELL)of the Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility in Chiang Mai University,high-intensity THz radiation has been generated in the form of coherent transition radiation(TR)and investigated since 2006 for electron beams with energies ranging from 8 to 12 MeV.In this study,we investigate and optimize the coherent TR arising from short electron bunches with energies ranging from 8 to 22 MeV using an upgraded linear-accelerator system with a higher radio-frequency(RF)power system.This radiation is then transported from the accelerator hall to the experimental room,in which the spectrometers are located.Electron-beam simulations are conducted to achieve short bunch lengths and small transverse beam sizes at the TR station.Radiation properties,including the radiation spectrum,angular distribution,and radiation polarization,are thoroughly investigated.The electron-bunch length is evaluated using the measuring system.The radiation-transport line is designed to achieve optimal frequency response and high transmission efficiency.A radiation-transmission efficiency of approximately 80-90%can be achieved with this designed system,along with a pulse energy ranging from 0.17 to 0.25μJ.The expected radiation spectral range covers up to 2 THz with a peak power of 0.5-1.25 MW.This coherent,broadband,and intense THz radiation will serve as a light source for THz spectroscopy and THz time-domain spectroscopy applications at the PCELL in the near future.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of synbiotic mulberry on kidney injury in a dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colitis model.Methods:Male Wistar rats were given drinking water containing 4%DSS for 7 days.Subseque...Objective:To investigate the effect of synbiotic mulberry on kidney injury in a dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colitis model.Methods:Male Wistar rats were given drinking water containing 4%DSS for 7 days.Subsequently,the rats were treated by oral gavage with synbiotic mulberry at 250,500,and 1000 mg/kg,sulfasalazine at 100 mg/kg,or synbiotic at 1000 mg/kg for an additional 7 days while receiving 0.4%DSS in drinking water.The severity of colitis was evaluated based on the disease activity index score.On day 14,plasma was collected,and the kidneys were harvested to evaluate kidney injury parameters and histological changes.In addition,the expression of genes associated with kidney injury was determined by quantitative RT-PCR.Results:Treatment with all doses of synbiotic mulberry significantly lowered the disease activity index score,accompanied by reductions in kidney histopathological changes,malondialdehyde concentration,and plasma cystatin C levels.Kidney fibrosis was also ameliorated by 500 and 1000 mg/kg of synbiotic mulberry.Treatment with 250 and 500 mg/kg of synbiotic mulberry downregulated IL-18 mRNA expression,while KIM-1 mRNA expression was reduced and plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein level was restored by 1000 mg/kg of synbiotic mulberry.Conclusions:Synbiotic mulberry ameliorates kidney injury in rats with DSS-induced colitis.It may be further explored as a treatment of kidney injury under colitis conditions.展开更多
Leaf litter plays an essential role in the functioning of forest ecosystems.They are a source of organic matter,act as a protective layer in forest soils,and provide a nurturing habitat for micro-and macro-organisms.T...Leaf litter plays an essential role in the functioning of forest ecosystems.They are a source of organic matter,act as a protective layer in forest soils,and provide a nurturing habitat for micro-and macro-organisms.Through their successional occurrence,litter-inhabiting microfungi play a key role in litter decomposition and nutrient recycling.Despite their importance in terrestrial ecosystems,host tree species and phylogenies'effect on saprobic fungal dominance and diversity are poorly understood.The present study aims to elucidate saprobic leaf-litter fungal taxonomy,phylogeny and diversity in six phylogenetically related host species in Thailand,using morphological characters and multi locus phylogeny.The host species are Dipterocarpus alatus(DA)(Dipterocarpaceae),Nayariophyton zizyphifolium(NZ)and Microcos paniculata(MP)(Malvaceae),Afzelia xylocarpa(AZ),Dalbergia cana(DC),and Dalbergia cultrata(DCul)(Fabaceae),located in Doi Tung,Chiang Rai Province,Thailand.The selected host species are mostly native to the East Asian region.We hypothesized that tree host phylogeny significantly influences the diversity of fungal communities,and that each community is unique across phylogenetically distantly related hosts.The study revealed one family,two new genera,15 new species,13 new host records,and 11 new geographical records with two new combinations of fungi which are treated in detail.Additional taxa identified,mostly to the genus level,were considered for the statistical analysis.In cases where different taxa within the same genus were found but could not be identified to species,they were treated as distinct taxa(e.g.,sp.1 and sp.2).The statistical analysis was performed to estimate the diversity and relative abundance of each taxon visualized in heatmaps and cluster analysis.The study evidenced multiple levels of diversity and host-preference existing within leaf litter fungi.The reported taxa belonged to the Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes,25 families and 31 genera.Most of the saprobic fungi exhibited host-exclusivity,meaning they were observed and recorded exclusively on specific host species and not on others.This resulted in a lower occurrence and overlap of fungi among the other host species.Therefore,the saprobic fungi indicated specialization on particular hosts,and the term"specialists"referred to the saprobic fungal taxa that are adapted to thrive on specific host species,rather than generalists that can inhabit multiple host species.Host family level harboured a higher number of unique saprobic taxa than host species level,as evidenced by the statistical analysis.Moreover,the saprobic fungal communities were influenced by seasonal effects during the collecting period.A core group of fungi could be identified as"generalists"observed in all the host species.The study highlights the diversity of saprobes dwelling in the leaf litter of forest ecosystems and reveals their high degree of host species-specificity.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a severe complication of acute pancreatitis(AP)associated with increased morbidity and mortality.Early prediction of AKI remains a clinical challenge owing to the limitations of t...BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a severe complication of acute pancreatitis(AP)associated with increased morbidity and mortality.Early prediction of AKI remains a clinical challenge owing to the limitations of traditional biomarkers,such as serum creatinine.AIM To evaluate the concentration and predictive value of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)in patients with AP and AKI.METHODS This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from October 2021 to June 2023 at Bach Mai Hospital.In total,219 patients were enrolled,including 51 patients with AP and AKI,168 patients with AP but without AKI,and 35 healthy controls.Plasma NGAL levels were measured and compared between groups.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the predictive value of NGAL levels for the severity of AKI and AP.RESULTS Among AP and AKI cases,47.1%were classified as Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes stage 1,33.3%as stage 2,and 19.6%as stage 3.The AP with AKI group(570.9 ng/mL)had significantly higher median plasma NGAL concentrations than the AP without AKI group(400.6 ng/mL)and the healthy control group(234.3 ng/mL)(P<0.01).The NGAL levels increased proportionally with AKI severity.A plasma NGAL cutoff value of 504.29 ng/mL predicted AKI with 60.8%sensitivity and 68.4%specificity(area under the curve=0.684;P<0.001).A cutoff of 486.03 ng/mL predicted AP severity with 66.1%sensitivity and 66.4%specificity(area under the curve=0.651;P<0.005).NGAL positively correlated with international normalized ratio,urea,creatinine,lactate dehydrogenase,and lactate levels.CONCLUSION Plasma NGAL levels predicted both AKI development and disease severity.Therefore,NGAL should be considered a useful biomarker for the early evaluation of patients with AP.展开更多
Here,we described Gekko(Japonigekko)ichangensis sp.nov.,a new member of the genus Gekko Laurenti,1768,based on specimens collected from Changyang Tujia Autonomous County,Yichang City,Hubei Province,China.Morphological...Here,we described Gekko(Japonigekko)ichangensis sp.nov.,a new member of the genus Gekko Laurenti,1768,based on specimens collected from Changyang Tujia Autonomous County,Yichang City,Hubei Province,China.Morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial cytb and 16S genes place the new species within the subgenus Japonigekko,clustering with G.(J.)wenxianensis.The new species differs from other Japonigekko congeners by the following set of characteristics:(1)moderate body size(snout-vent length 58.5–66.5 mm in adult individuals);(2)nostrils touching the rostral,with 1–2 internasals present;(3)tubercles distributed on the head,dorsum,limbs,and tail,excluding the upper forelimbs;(4)174–195ventral scales spanning from the mental to the cloacal slit;(5)39–47 rows of ventral scales;(6)12–15 subdigital lamellae under the first toes and 13–18under the fourth toes;(7)weakly developed webbing;(8)5–8 precloacal pores in males;(9)three unilateral postcloacal tubercles;(10)a brown dorsum with six broad,irregular dark-brown bands extending from the nape to the sacrum.The identification of this new species raises the number of described Gekko species to 90.In China,25 species are recorded,21 of which belong to the subgenus Japonigekko.展开更多
文摘Annual haze in Northern Thailand has become increasingly severe,impacting health and the environment.How-ever,the sources of the haze remain poorly quantified due to limited observational data on aerosol molecular tracers.This study comprehensively investigates chemical composition of PM_(2.5),including both inorganic and organic compounds throughout haze and post-haze periods in 2019 at a rural site of Northern Thailand.Average PM_(2.5) concentrations during haze and post-haze period were 87±36 and 21±11μg/m^(3),respectively.Organic matter was the dominant contributor in PM_(2.5) mass,followed by water soluble inorganic ions and mineral dust.Molecular markers,including levoglucosan,dehydroabietic acid,and 4-nitrocatechol,and ions(Cl^(-),and K^(+)),were used to characterize low haze(PM_(2.5)<100μg/m^(3))and episodic haze(PM_(2.5)>100μg/m^(3)).Low haze is associated with local aerosols from agricultural waste burning,while episodic haze is linked to aged aerosols from mixed agricultural waste,softwood,and hardwood burning.Source apportionment incorporating these molecular markers in receptor modelling(Positive matrix factorization),identified three distinct biomass burning sources:mixed,local,and aged biomass burnings,contributing 31,19 and 13%of PM_(2.5) during haze period.During post-haze period,contributions shifted,with local biomass burning(32%)comparable to secondary sulfate(34%)and mixed dust and traffic sources(26%).These findings demonstrate that both regional and local sources con-tribute to severe haze,highlighting the need for integrated policies for cross-border cooperation as well as stricter regulations to reduce biomass burning in Northern Thailand and Southeast Asia.
基金funded by National Research Council of Thailand(contract No.N42A671047).
文摘Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)have emerged as a promising class of scientific machine learning techniques that integrate governing physical laws into neural network training.Their ability to enforce differential equations,constitutive relations,and boundary conditions within the loss function provides a physically grounded alternative to traditional data-driven models,particularly for solid and structural mechanics,where data are often limited or noisy.This review offers a comprehensive assessment of recent developments in PINNs,combining bibliometric analysis,theoretical foundations,application-oriented insights,and methodological innovations.A biblio-metric survey indicates a rapid increase in publications on PINNs since 2018,with prominent research clusters focused on numerical methods,structural analysis,and forecasting.Building upon this trend,the review consolidates advance-ments across five principal application domains,including forward structural analysis,inverse modeling and parameter identification,structural and topology optimization,assessment of structural integrity,and manufacturing processes.These applications are propelled by substantial methodological advancements,encompassing rigorous enforcement of boundary conditions,modified loss functions,adaptive training,domain decomposition strategies,multi-fidelity and transfer learning approaches,as well as hybrid finite element–PINN integration.These advances address recurring challenges in solid mechanics,such as high-order governing equations,material heterogeneity,complex geometries,localized phenomena,and limited experimental data.Despite remaining challenges in computational cost,scalability,and experimental validation,PINNs are increasingly evolving into specialized,physics-aware tools for practical solid and structural mechanics applications.
文摘BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation(IBS-C)is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder that significantly impacts the quality of life of patients and currently lacks a definitive treatment.The use of electroacupuncture(EA)has demonstrated clinical efficacy in treating IBS-C and the gut-brain axis modulation,though its mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To investigate gut-brain-microbiota axis alteration and EA-associated microbial changes in IBS-C patients and treatment responders.METHODS This study consisted of two phases.The first phase was a cross-sectional study recruiting sixteen IBS-C patients and 16 healthy controls.Baseline fecal samples were collected to assess gut microbiota profiles between the two groups.The second phase was an observational longitudinal study in which the 16 IBS-C patients underwent nine EA sessions over one month.Gut microbiota profiles and clinical outcomes were assessed post-treatment course and at a one-month follow-up.RESULTS IBS-C patients exhibited significant gut dysbiosis,as indicated by altered beta diversity compared to healthy controls.EA significantly improved clinical outcomes and gut dysbiosis,with sustained therapeutic effects and normalization of neurotransmitter-related metabolic pathways observed at one-month follow-up.Notably,the gut bacterium Senegalimassilia was positively associated with symptom improvement,suggesting its potential as a predictive biomarker of EA responsiveness.CONCLUSION These findings support the integration of EA into IBS-C management and highlight Senegalimassilia as a candidate microbial biomarker for treatment response.
文摘BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome is a rare condition that occurs in patients with thalassemia.It typically presents with a combination of profound anemia and milky serum.Although previous case series have demonstrated the benefit of blood transfusions in reducing serum triglycerides,information regar-ding clinical outcomes and standard management in this setting remains limited.AIM To identify the clinical course,treatment strategies,and outcomes of patients with hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome.METHODS We performed a comprehensive search of the Scopus,PubMed,and Embase databases.We included only English-language articles and did not apply any publication date limits.The databases were last accessed on September 1,2024.This study was registered under number CRD420250587918 and included studies involving children and adults with thalassemia,hypertriglyceridemia,and available data on clinical course.RESULTS A total of 14 publications were included in the analysis,all of which were case reports or case series.No higher-quality evidence was available.Among 28 children with hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome,there were 22 cases ofβ-thalassemia major and 6 cases of hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia,including our illustrative case.The median age of onset was 11 months,and 92.3%of cases presented prior to the first blood transfusion.The common clinical manifestations included pallor(100%)and hepatosplenomegaly(67.9%).For hypertriglyceridemia-related symptoms,lipemia retinalis and xanthomas were observed in 25.0%and 10.7%of cases,respectively.The median hemoglobin level was 5.5 g/dL,while the median triglyceride level was 935 mg/dL.For management,92.9%of cases received blood transfusions with or without other interventions.At a median of 12 months’follow-up,all patients responded to the treatment without lipid-lowering agents,and 85.7%of cases were alive.CONCLUSION Hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome occurs exclusively in young children and usually presents with anemia and severe hypertriglyceridemia prior to the first transfusion.Management with blood transfusions provides a favorable response.However,long-term regular monitoring is warranted.
基金the Chiang Mai University Junior ResearchFellowship Program.
文摘Objective:Many children with fully corrected congenital heart disease(CHD)avoid physicalactivity(PA).This descriptive study sought to determine child and parental factors that could predict PAlevels in Thai dhildren after corrective surgery.Methods:Ninety schoolaged children with fully correctedCHD were recruited from a cardiology clinic at a university hospital in northern Thailand.Data collectioninvolved five validated questionnaires:(1)the Modified Thai Adolescent's Fhysical Activity Questionnaire,(2)the Child Health Status Questionnaire-Forms I and II1,(3)the Parental Knowledge on School-agedChildrer's PhysicalActivity Scale,(4)the Perceived Self-efficacy to Physical Activity Questionnaire,and(5)the Parntal Bonding Instrument.The analysis included descriptive statistics and stepwise multipleregression.Results:Results showed that the physical activity(PA.)levels,assessed through total energyexpenditure,of child ran with CHD were below the recommended levels after treatment(t=-8.33,p<0.001).There were sigrificant correlations between PA and factors such as a child's perceived health status,PAself-efficacy,and parentaloverprotection(r=0.39,p<0.050;r=0.46,p<0.050;r=0.25,p<0.050,respectively).After adjustment for demographic data and CHD type,these factors had no association with a child's PA.Only two factors predicted childhood PA—the child's perceived health status and PA self-efficacy whichcould explain27.3%of the variance of PA.(p<0.001).Conclusion:The study highlights the necessity forinterventions to enhance childrer's perception of their health status and PA self-efficacy to increase theirphysical activity levels.
基金National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)and the School of Renewable Energy and Maejo University for the project to produce and develop graduates in renewable energy for ASEAN countries for graduate students(2021).
文摘This work investigates a combined cooling,heating,and power(CCHP)generation system utilizing waste energy.A cascade-CCHP system is developed,consisting of a 23.65-kWe organic Rankine cycle(ORC),a 4.00-kW adsorption chiller,a 4.11-kW absorption chiller,a 15.99-kW drying room,and an incinerator of 150 kg/h.A net energy production of 36.08 kWh is achieved from a CCHP energy efficiency of 9.98%.The levelized cost for producing a total energy output of 2,020,592 kWh over a lifespan of 20 years is approximately 0.106 USD/kWh.The life cycle assessment(LCA)yields a single score of approximately 0.000151 Pt,mainly attributed to raw materials used in the construction process of 87.16%.In addition,the combustion ash is processed into concrete blocks measuring 39 cm×19 cm×7 cm,in accordance with the Industrial Product Standard(TIS)58-2533,with a water absorption value below 5%and a compressive strength exceeding 25 kg/cm2.The CCHP system demonstrates a novel method of waste-to-energy(WtE),and the construction material from waste combustion ash can also support a new concept of waste-to-zero(WtZ).
文摘Background:Oral health issues persistently affect the overall health and well-being of rural populations.Village health volunteers(VHVs)play a crucial role in advancing oral health literacy in their community.This study aimed to examine the factors related to nutritional literacy for oral health among VHVs.Methods:This was a mixed-methods study employing an explanatory sequential design.The quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires distributed to a cohort of 10,514 VHVs registered in Health Region 1.A stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure adequate representation of various subgroups within the VHV population,considering factors such as age,education level,and geographical distribution across the region.This approach allowed for a more representative sample that accurately reflects the diversity of the VHV population.Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with a purposive sampling of 20 participants based on specific criteria.Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and biserial correlation techniques,while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.Results:The study found that the sample group possessed a moderate level of knowledge of health literacy principles and nutrition for oral health.However,their self-assessed skills in nutritional literacy for oral health were rated as high.A statistically significant negative correlation was found between knowledge of nutrition for oral health and skills in nutritional literacy for oral health.VHVs equated health literacy with knowledge because their public health training had focused more on imparting knowledge rather than developing skills based on health literacy principles.Conclusion:There is a need to emphasize skill-based health literacy training and to use effective skill development techniques that are tailored to the specific roles and responsibilities of health volunteers.It is also recommended to continuously monitor and evaluate the outcomes of these efforts.
基金Rami Ahmad El-Nabulsi has received funding from the Czech National Agency of Agricultural 533 Research,project QK22020134“Innovative fisheries management of a large reservoir”.
文摘The Black–Scholes equation is one of the most important partial differential equations governing the value of financial derivatives in financial markets.The Black–Scholes model for pricing stock options has been applied to various payoff structures,and options trading is based on Black and Scholes’principle of dynamic hedging to estimate and assess option prices over time.However,the Black–Scholes model requires severe constraints,assumptions,and conditions to be applied to real-life financial and economic problems.Several methods and approaches have been developed to approach these conditions,such as fractional Black–Scholes models based on fractional derivatives.These fractional models are expected since the Black–Scholes equation is derived using Ito’s lemma from stochastic calculus,where fractional derivatives play a leading role.Hence,a fractional stochastic model that includes the basic Black–Scholes model as a special case is expected.However,these fractional financial models require computational tools and advanced analytical methods to solve the associated fractional Black–Scholes equations.Nevertheless,it is believed that the fractal nature of economic processes permits to model economical and financial markets problems more accurately compared to the conventional model.The relationship between fractional calculus and fractals is well-known in the literature.This study introduces a generalized Black–Scholes equation in fractal dimensions and discusses its role in financial marketing.In our analysis,we consider power-laws properties for volatility,interest rated,and dividend payout,which emerge in several empirical regularities in quantitative finance and economics.We apply our model to study the problem of pricing barrier option and we estimate the values of fractal dimensions in both time and in space.Our model can be used to obtain the prices of many pay-off models.We observe that fractal dimensions considerably affect the solutions of the Black–Scholes equation and that,for fractal dimensions much smaller than unity,the call option increases significantly.We prove that fractal dimensions are a powerful tool to obtain new results.Further details are analyzed and discussed.
基金supported by the Faculty of Medicine,Srinakharinwirot University(Research Grant 129/2560).
文摘Objective:To investigate the mechanisms by which unripe papaya extract(UCP)protects skin keratinocytes from UVB-induced inflammation and apoptosis.Methods:High-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify the phytochemical composition of UCP.The free radical scavenging capacity of UCP was assessed against O_(2)·^(-),and H2O2.HaCaT cells were pre-treated with varying concentrations of UCP and exposed to 40 mJ/cm2 UVB radiation.Cell viability,reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,apoptotic markers,and inflammatory mediators were evaluated using standard biochemical assays and molecular techniques.Results:UCP treatment significantly improved cell viability and reduced intracellular ROS and the release of O_(2)·^(-)and H2O2.UCP also inhibited apoptosis,as evidenced by reduced cytochrome c release and suppression of Akt phosphorylation.Additionally,UCP exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating COX-2 expression,suppressing PGE2 release,and inhibiting c-Jun and NF-κB signaling pathways.Conclusions:UCP effectively protects skin keratinocytes from UVB-induced oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis.These findings support its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for preventing UV-related skin damage.However,in vivo studies are warranted to confirm its efficacy.
基金supported by Chiang Mai University for providing infrastructure and the NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources&Institutional Development,Research and Innovation[grant number B05F650022]for the software CST Studio Suite^(■)2023Financial support for the reengineering and commissioning of the accelerator system was provided by the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics(ThEP Center),Science and Technology Park Chiang Mai University(CMU STeP)。
文摘A 4 MeV RF linear accelerator for electron beam irradiation applications has been developed at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory,Thailand.The system has been reengineered using a decommissioned medical linear accelerator.The main components include a thermionic DC electron gun,an RF linear accelerator,a beam diagnostic chamber,and a beam exit window for electron beam irradiation.Therefore,reengineering must be performed based on the characteristics of the electron beam and its dynamics throughout the system.In this study,the electron beam current density emitted from the cathode was calculated based on the thermionic emission theory,and the result was used to produce the electron beam distribution in the gun using CST Studio Suite^(■)software.The properties of the electron beam and its acceleration in the linear accelerator and downstream diagnostic section were studied using the ASTRA electron beam dynamics simulation code,with the aim of producing an electron beam with an average energy of 4 MeV at the linear accelerator exit.The transverse beam profile and electron deposition dose in the ambient environment were calculated using Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation software to estimate the beam performance for the irradiation experiments.The parameters studied can be used as guidelines for machine operation and future experimental plans.
文摘Concrete blocks are widely used for wall construction in Thailand,and reliable Carbon Footprint of Product(CFP)data for these blocks is essential for accurately estimating the embodied carbon of buildings—a crucial consideration in sustainable building design.This research evaluates the CFP of concrete blocks produced by a Thai factory,using a functional unit of one ton.The assessment applies a“Cradle to Gate”approach,covering both raw material acquisition and product manufacturing stages.The study period spans one year,from January 1,2023,to December 31,2023.Results show that the CFP for the case study block is 88.508 kgCO₂eq/t,with the raw material acquisition stage responsible for 84.778 kgCO₂eq/t(95.79%of the CFP),and production stage emissions at 3.730 kgCO₂eq/t(4.21%of the CFP).A detailed analysis of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions reveals several key findings:(1)Portland cement is the primary source,accounting for 80.69%of the CFP;(2)emissions from the transportation of crushed stone and coarse sand are notably high;(3)electricity usage contributes 2.558 kgCO₂eq/t;and(4)broken concrete blocks constitute 12.93%of the mixture volume.This study not only addresses a critical gap in the availability of CFP data for concrete blocks in sustainable building analysis in Thailand,but also identifies key areas where GHG emissions associated with concrete block manufacturing can be reduced.The insights provided here are valuable for concrete block manufacturers across Thailand,especially those with similar production processes,as they work toward lowering the CFP of their products.
文摘There’s a popular saying that captures the deep and heartfelt connection between China and Thailand:“China and Thailand are not strangers,but brothers”—or in Chinese,“中泰一家亲.”This phrase is more than just a charming proverb.It reflects centuries of migration,shared traditions,and growing goodwill between two nations whose relationship has matured into one of the most enduring and peoplecentered partnerships in Asia.
基金support from the NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources&Institutional Development,Research,and Innovation(No.B05F650022),as well as from Chiang Mai University.
文摘A super-radiant terahertz free-electron laser(THz-FEL)light source was developed for the first time in Thailand and Southeast Asia at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory(PCELL)of Chiang Mai University.This radiation source requires relatively ultrashort electron bunches to produce intense coherent THz pulses.Three electron bunch compression processes are utilized in the PCELL accelerator system comprising pre-bunch compression in an alpha magnet,velocity bunching in a radio-frequency(RF)linear accelerator(linac),and magnetic bunch compression in a 180°acromat system.Electron bunch compression in the magnetic compressor system poses considerable challenges,which are addressed through the use of three quadrupole doublets.The strengths of the quadrupole fields significantly influence the rotation of the beam line longitudinal phase space distribution along the bunch compressor.Start-to-end beam dynamics simulations using the ASTRA code were performed to optimize the electron beam properties for generating super-radiant THz-FEL radiation.The operational parameters considered in the simulations comprise the alpha magnet gradient,linac RF phase,and quadrupole field strengths.The optimization results show that 10-16MeV femtosecond electron bunches with a low energy spread(~0.2%),small normalized emittance(~15πmm·mrad),and high peak current(165-247A)can be produced by the PCELL accelerator system at the optimal parameters.A THz-FEL with sub-microjoule pulse energies can thus be obtained at the optimized electron beam parameters.The physical and conceptual design of the THz-FEL beamline were completed based on the beam dynamics simulation results.The construction and installation of this beamline are currently underway and expected to be completed by mid-2024.The commissioning of the beamline will then commence.
基金The 100th Anniversary Chulalongkorn University Fund for Doctoral Scholarshipthe National Budget to CULAC,Grant/Award Number:390252002+1 种基金the 90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University Fund,Grant/Award Number:GCUGR1125641042Dthe Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund at Chulalongkorn University,Grant/Award Number:HEAF673100100。
文摘Background:Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress is an important factor in the development of numerous cardiovascular disorders;nevertheless,the association between ER stress and mitral regurgitation(MR)remains inadequately characterized.The molecular mechanism of pimobendan(PIMO)that contributes to the delay in congestive heart failure(CHF)in MR associated with apoptosis and fibrosis is still unclear.Our aim was to examine the impact of PIMO on ER stress,apoptosis,and fibrosis in a chronic MR rat model.Methods:MR was surgically induced in 10 Sprague–Dawley rats,with 5 serving as sham operation controls.At 8 weeks postsurgery,the MR animals were randomly allocated into two groups:MR and MR+PIMO groups.PIMO was administered twice daily through oral gavage for 4 weeks,whereas the sham and MR groups were administered similar quantities of drinking water.Echocardiography was conducted before the delivery of PIMO as a baseline measure and at the end of the study.At the end of the investigation,hearts were procured for histopathological and ER stress evaluations.Results:PIMO significantly maintained heart function and structural remodeling in the MR animals.PIMO significantly reduced MR-induced myocyte apoptosis(p=0.044)and fibrosis(p=0.002)by reducing the messenger RNA expression of genes associated with ER stress(GRP78[glucose-regulated protein 78],ATF4[activating transcription factor 4],and CHOP[C/ERP homologous protein])compared to the MR group(p<0.05,p<0.01,and p<0.001,respectively).Conclusion:PIMO demonstrated cardioprotective benefits on heart function,myocyte apoptosis,and fibrosis by regulating ER stress in an MR-induced CHF rat model.
基金supported by the National Research Council of Thailand(No.NRCT-5-RSA63004-16)Chiang Mai University.S.Pakluea acknowledges scholarship support from the Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand(SAST).
文摘Terahertz(THz)radiation possesses unique properties that make it a promising light source for applications in various fields,particularly spectroscopy and imaging.Ongoing research and development in THz technology has focused on developing or improving THz sources,detectors,and applications.At the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory(PCELL)of the Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility in Chiang Mai University,high-intensity THz radiation has been generated in the form of coherent transition radiation(TR)and investigated since 2006 for electron beams with energies ranging from 8 to 12 MeV.In this study,we investigate and optimize the coherent TR arising from short electron bunches with energies ranging from 8 to 22 MeV using an upgraded linear-accelerator system with a higher radio-frequency(RF)power system.This radiation is then transported from the accelerator hall to the experimental room,in which the spectrometers are located.Electron-beam simulations are conducted to achieve short bunch lengths and small transverse beam sizes at the TR station.Radiation properties,including the radiation spectrum,angular distribution,and radiation polarization,are thoroughly investigated.The electron-bunch length is evaluated using the measuring system.The radiation-transport line is designed to achieve optimal frequency response and high transmission efficiency.A radiation-transmission efficiency of approximately 80-90%can be achieved with this designed system,along with a pulse energy ranging from 0.17 to 0.25μJ.The expected radiation spectral range covers up to 2 THz with a peak power of 0.5-1.25 MW.This coherent,broadband,and intense THz radiation will serve as a light source for THz spectroscopy and THz time-domain spectroscopy applications at the PCELL in the near future.
基金supported by the Mae Fah Luang University Research Development Grant 2023,Mae Fah Luang University,Chiang Rai Thailand(Grant no.661B07007 to KW)the Technology and Innovation-Based Enterprise Development Fund:Fund(Grant no.YP043/2565 to AO and PW).
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of synbiotic mulberry on kidney injury in a dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colitis model.Methods:Male Wistar rats were given drinking water containing 4%DSS for 7 days.Subsequently,the rats were treated by oral gavage with synbiotic mulberry at 250,500,and 1000 mg/kg,sulfasalazine at 100 mg/kg,or synbiotic at 1000 mg/kg for an additional 7 days while receiving 0.4%DSS in drinking water.The severity of colitis was evaluated based on the disease activity index score.On day 14,plasma was collected,and the kidneys were harvested to evaluate kidney injury parameters and histological changes.In addition,the expression of genes associated with kidney injury was determined by quantitative RT-PCR.Results:Treatment with all doses of synbiotic mulberry significantly lowered the disease activity index score,accompanied by reductions in kidney histopathological changes,malondialdehyde concentration,and plasma cystatin C levels.Kidney fibrosis was also ameliorated by 500 and 1000 mg/kg of synbiotic mulberry.Treatment with 250 and 500 mg/kg of synbiotic mulberry downregulated IL-18 mRNA expression,while KIM-1 mRNA expression was reduced and plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein level was restored by 1000 mg/kg of synbiotic mulberry.Conclusions:Synbiotic mulberry ameliorates kidney injury in rats with DSS-induced colitis.It may be further explored as a treatment of kidney injury under colitis conditions.
基金supported by grants from Chiang Mai University and the National Research Center of Thailand(No.42A650198)grateful to the Chiang Mai University Presidential Scholarship 2020+3 种基金the National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)grant‘Total fungal diversity in a given forest area with implications towards species numbers,chemical diversity and biotechnology’(Grant Number N42A650547)Thailand Science and Innovation(TSRI)and National Science and Innovation Fund(NSRF)Fundamental fund grant(Grant No.662A1616047),entitled‘Biodiversity,ecology,and applications of plant litter-inhabiting fungi for waste degradation’for partially funding this researchMartin van de Bult,Narong Apichai and the Doi Tung Development Project for allowing sample collection(Permission Number 7700/17142)with the title‘The diversity of saprobic fungi on selected hosts in northern Thailand’funded by the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program(DSFP),King Saud University,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
文摘Leaf litter plays an essential role in the functioning of forest ecosystems.They are a source of organic matter,act as a protective layer in forest soils,and provide a nurturing habitat for micro-and macro-organisms.Through their successional occurrence,litter-inhabiting microfungi play a key role in litter decomposition and nutrient recycling.Despite their importance in terrestrial ecosystems,host tree species and phylogenies'effect on saprobic fungal dominance and diversity are poorly understood.The present study aims to elucidate saprobic leaf-litter fungal taxonomy,phylogeny and diversity in six phylogenetically related host species in Thailand,using morphological characters and multi locus phylogeny.The host species are Dipterocarpus alatus(DA)(Dipterocarpaceae),Nayariophyton zizyphifolium(NZ)and Microcos paniculata(MP)(Malvaceae),Afzelia xylocarpa(AZ),Dalbergia cana(DC),and Dalbergia cultrata(DCul)(Fabaceae),located in Doi Tung,Chiang Rai Province,Thailand.The selected host species are mostly native to the East Asian region.We hypothesized that tree host phylogeny significantly influences the diversity of fungal communities,and that each community is unique across phylogenetically distantly related hosts.The study revealed one family,two new genera,15 new species,13 new host records,and 11 new geographical records with two new combinations of fungi which are treated in detail.Additional taxa identified,mostly to the genus level,were considered for the statistical analysis.In cases where different taxa within the same genus were found but could not be identified to species,they were treated as distinct taxa(e.g.,sp.1 and sp.2).The statistical analysis was performed to estimate the diversity and relative abundance of each taxon visualized in heatmaps and cluster analysis.The study evidenced multiple levels of diversity and host-preference existing within leaf litter fungi.The reported taxa belonged to the Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes,25 families and 31 genera.Most of the saprobic fungi exhibited host-exclusivity,meaning they were observed and recorded exclusively on specific host species and not on others.This resulted in a lower occurrence and overlap of fungi among the other host species.Therefore,the saprobic fungi indicated specialization on particular hosts,and the term"specialists"referred to the saprobic fungal taxa that are adapted to thrive on specific host species,rather than generalists that can inhabit multiple host species.Host family level harboured a higher number of unique saprobic taxa than host species level,as evidenced by the statistical analysis.Moreover,the saprobic fungal communities were influenced by seasonal effects during the collecting period.A core group of fungi could be identified as"generalists"observed in all the host species.The study highlights the diversity of saprobes dwelling in the leaf litter of forest ecosystems and reveals their high degree of host species-specificity.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a severe complication of acute pancreatitis(AP)associated with increased morbidity and mortality.Early prediction of AKI remains a clinical challenge owing to the limitations of traditional biomarkers,such as serum creatinine.AIM To evaluate the concentration and predictive value of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)in patients with AP and AKI.METHODS This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from October 2021 to June 2023 at Bach Mai Hospital.In total,219 patients were enrolled,including 51 patients with AP and AKI,168 patients with AP but without AKI,and 35 healthy controls.Plasma NGAL levels were measured and compared between groups.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the predictive value of NGAL levels for the severity of AKI and AP.RESULTS Among AP and AKI cases,47.1%were classified as Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes stage 1,33.3%as stage 2,and 19.6%as stage 3.The AP with AKI group(570.9 ng/mL)had significantly higher median plasma NGAL concentrations than the AP without AKI group(400.6 ng/mL)and the healthy control group(234.3 ng/mL)(P<0.01).The NGAL levels increased proportionally with AKI severity.A plasma NGAL cutoff value of 504.29 ng/mL predicted AKI with 60.8%sensitivity and 68.4%specificity(area under the curve=0.684;P<0.001).A cutoff of 486.03 ng/mL predicted AP severity with 66.1%sensitivity and 66.4%specificity(area under the curve=0.651;P<0.005).NGAL positively correlated with international normalized ratio,urea,creatinine,lactate dehydrogenase,and lactate levels.CONCLUSION Plasma NGAL levels predicted both AKI development and disease severity.Therefore,NGAL should be considered a useful biomarker for the early evaluation of patients with AP.
基金provided by“Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program”awarded to Fang YANthe Yunnan Fundamental Research Project(202201AW070018)+1 种基金the Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fundthe University of Phayao,Unit of Excellence 2025 on Aquatic Animals Biodiversity Assessment(PhaseⅠ)。
文摘Here,we described Gekko(Japonigekko)ichangensis sp.nov.,a new member of the genus Gekko Laurenti,1768,based on specimens collected from Changyang Tujia Autonomous County,Yichang City,Hubei Province,China.Morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial cytb and 16S genes place the new species within the subgenus Japonigekko,clustering with G.(J.)wenxianensis.The new species differs from other Japonigekko congeners by the following set of characteristics:(1)moderate body size(snout-vent length 58.5–66.5 mm in adult individuals);(2)nostrils touching the rostral,with 1–2 internasals present;(3)tubercles distributed on the head,dorsum,limbs,and tail,excluding the upper forelimbs;(4)174–195ventral scales spanning from the mental to the cloacal slit;(5)39–47 rows of ventral scales;(6)12–15 subdigital lamellae under the first toes and 13–18under the fourth toes;(7)weakly developed webbing;(8)5–8 precloacal pores in males;(9)three unilateral postcloacal tubercles;(10)a brown dorsum with six broad,irregular dark-brown bands extending from the nape to the sacrum.The identification of this new species raises the number of described Gekko species to 90.In China,25 species are recorded,21 of which belong to the subgenus Japonigekko.
