Maraging steels are known for their exceptional strength but suffer from limited work hardening and ductility.Here,we report an intermittent printing strategy to tailor the microstructure and mechanical properties of ...Maraging steels are known for their exceptional strength but suffer from limited work hardening and ductility.Here,we report an intermittent printing strategy to tailor the microstructure and mechanical properties of maraging 250 steel via tuning the thermal history during wire-arc directed energy deposition.By introducing a dwell time between adjacent layers,the maraging 250 steel is cooled below the martensite start temperature,triggering thermally-driven martensitic transformation during the printing process.Thermal cycling during subsequent layer deposition results in the formation of reverted austenite which shows a refined microstructure and induces elemental segregation between martensite and reverted austenite.The Ni enrichment in the austenite promotes stabilization of the reverted austenite upon cooling to room temperature.The reverted austenite is metastable during deformation,leading to strain-induced martensitic transformation under loading.Specifically,a 3 min interlayer dwell time produces a maraging 250 steel with approximately 8% reverted austenite,resulting in improved work hardening via martensitic transformation induced plasticity during deformation.Meanwhile,the higher cooling rate and refined prior austenite grains lead to substantially refined martensitic grains(by approximately fivefold)together with an increased dislocation density.With 3 min interlayer dwell time,the yield strength of the printed maraging 250 steel increases from 836 MPa to 990 MPa,and the uniform elongation is doubled from 3.2% to 6.5%.This intermittent deposition strategy demonstrates the potential to tune the microstructure of maraging steels for achieving strength-ductility synergy by engineering the thermal history during additive manufacturing.展开更多
Background:Renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is a prevalent malignancy characterized by a rising incidence and significant mortality.Interleukins(ILs)are crucial in regulating immune cell trafficking and exhibit anti-tumor pro...Background:Renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is a prevalent malignancy characterized by a rising incidence and significant mortality.Interleukins(ILs)are crucial in regulating immune cell trafficking and exhibit anti-tumor properties.However,limited research has explored the expression levels and prognostic significance of interleukins in RCC.Methods:In this comprehensive study,we performed a detailed analysis of interleukins in RCC patients using multiple bioinformatics tools,including Oncomine,UALCAN,GEPIA,Kaplan-Meier plotter,cBioPortal,GeneMANIA,TRRUST,STRING,and Linked Omics.Results:Our analysis demonstrated a significant upregulation in the transcriptional levels of IL4,IL7,IL15,IL16,IL23A,IL26,and IL32 were significantly upregulated in RCC tissues,indicating their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of this malignancy.In contrast,IL1A,IL11,and IL27 were downregulated,indicating their potential function as tumor suppressors.Significant correlations were identified between the expression levels of IL11,IL23A,IL27,IL32,and the pathological stage of RCC patients.The expression levels of IL1A,IL4,IL11,IL15,IL16,IL23A,IL26,IL27,and IL32 were significantly correlated with improved prognosis.The differentially expressed interleukins primarily function in cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions and immune response-regulating signaling pathways.homeobox A10(HOXA10),v-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog(avian)(MYB),v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A(avian)(RELA),and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1(NFKB1)are key transcription factors for ILs,while LCK proto-oncogene(LCK),LYN proto-oncogene(LYN),spleen associated tyrosine kinase(SYK),Janus kinase 3(JAK3),and FER tyrosine kinase(FER)are IL targets.IL expression significantly correlated with the infiltration of six distinct immune cell types.IL1A potentially exerts an anti-tumor effect in RCC prognosis by inducing neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs).Additionally,NFKB1 may positively regulate IL1A,providing a rationale for further in vivo and clinical studies.Conclusion:In conclusion,our study demonstrates the potential role of IL 1A in the prognosis of RCC and establishes a theoretical foundation for subsequent in vivo and clinical investigations.展开更多
In this study,we explored a one-step direct synthesis of NH3 under mild experimental conditions utilizing pulse-modulated microwave plasma technology at atmospheric pressure.At a substantial gas flow rate,a microwave ...In this study,we explored a one-step direct synthesis of NH3 under mild experimental conditions utilizing pulse-modulated microwave plasma technology at atmospheric pressure.At a substantial gas flow rate,a microwave plasma jet was formed and the microwave-assisted ammonia synthesis can be realized.Impacts of various parameters including the gas flow rate,gas component,microwave absorbed power,pulse modulation frequency,and pulse duty cycle on ammonia synthesis were systematically investigated.To indicate the reaction path of ammonia synthesis,the distributions of both the gas temperature and active species were also studied using optical emission spectra technology.It is found that a considerable amount of ammonia was directly synthesized without involvement of any catalysts,the highest ammonia production rate and energy efficiency(EE),up to 2.93μmol·min^(-1) and 6.64×10^(-2)g·(k W·h)^(-1),respectively,were achieved under low microwave power of 84.42 W.The duty cycle has obvious influences on the synthesis efficiency,compared to a duty cycle of 80%,the ammonia synthesis rate,EE and nitrogen conversion decreased by about 22%at a duty cycle of 100%.This finding underscores the significance of incorporating pulse modulation in the microwave discharge process for ammonia synthesis.Furthermore,it was found that vibrational excitation of microwave plasma has a significant driving effect on ammonia synthesis.展开更多
Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is a fatal bile duct malignancy.CCA is intrinsically resistant to standard chemotherapy,responds poorly to it,and has a poor prognosis.Effective treatments for cholangiocarcinoma remain elusive,...Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is a fatal bile duct malignancy.CCA is intrinsically resistant to standard chemotherapy,responds poorly to it,and has a poor prognosis.Effective treatments for cholangiocarcinoma remain elusive,and a breakthrough in CCA treatment is still awaited.The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)plays an oncogenic role by promoting an aggressive cancer phenotype through multiple pathways.While HER2 has shown increasing potential as an effective target for breast and gastric cancers over the last decade,this has not been the case for CCA.This review explores the possibility of targeting HER2 in CCA immunotherapy.Key findings suggest that HER2 alterations have been reported as one of the signatures associated with a poorer prognosis in liver fluke-associated CCA,the most prevalent subtype in Southeast Asia.Furthermore,we assess recent advances in HER2-targeted therapeutic approaches,presenting the current stage,rationale,and evidence supporting the use of HER2 as a promising therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy in CCA.We also emphasize the crucial role of animal models in developing anticancer therapies.In summary,focusing on HER2 expression could provide alternative strategies for the HER2-altered CCA cluster.展开更多
Sexual selection is thought to play a major role in the evolution of color due to the correlation between a signaler’s physiological state and the displayed color.As such,researchers often investigate how color corre...Sexual selection is thought to play a major role in the evolution of color due to the correlation between a signaler’s physiological state and the displayed color.As such,researchers often investigate how color correlates to the quality of the signaler.However,research on the relationship between color and individual quality is often taxonomically limited and researchers typically investigate how color phenotypes relate to one index of quality,such as a linear measure of body size.Here,we investigated the relationship among body size,claw size,claw muscle mass,lipid content,and the color of the claw in male fiddler crabs(Leptuca uruguayensis)which wield an exaggerated claw that varies in color from brown to red.We hypothesized that if the color was correlated to one or more indices of male quality,the color displayed on the claws of male L.uruguayensis could be under sexual selection.We found L.uruguayensis claw color varies substantially among the individuals we photographed.However,we did not find a correlation between claw color and indices of quality;neither brightness nor hue correlated to the indices of quality we measured.Our findings suggest that claw color in L.uruguayensis is unlikely to have evolved to signal quality,but may instead function as a species identity or as a non-indicator sexual signal.展开更多
Fine particulatematter(PM_(2.5))samples were collected in two neighboring cities,Beijing and Baoding,China.High-concentration events of PM_(2.5) in which the average mass concentration exceeded 75μg/m^(3) were freque...Fine particulatematter(PM_(2.5))samples were collected in two neighboring cities,Beijing and Baoding,China.High-concentration events of PM_(2.5) in which the average mass concentration exceeded 75μg/m^(3) were frequently observed during the heating season.Dispersion Normalized Positive Matrix Factorization was applied for the source apportionment of PM_(2.5) as minimize the dilution effects of meteorology and better reflect the source strengths in these two cities.Secondary nitrate had the highest contribution for Beijing(37.3%),and residential heating/biomass burning was the largest for Baoding(27.1%).Secondary nitrate,mobile,biomass burning,district heating,oil combustion,aged sea salt sources showed significant differences between the heating and non-heating seasons in Beijing for same period(2019.01.10–2019.08.22)(Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test P<0.05).In case of Baoding,soil,residential heating/biomass burning,incinerator,coal combustion,oil combustion sources showed significant differences.The results of Pearson correlation analysis for the common sources between the two cities showed that long-range transported sources and some sources with seasonal patterns such as oil combustion and soil had high correlation coefficients.Conditional Bivariate Probability Function(CBPF)was used to identify the inflow directions for the sources,and joint-PSCF(Potential Source Contribution Function)was performed to determine the common potential source areas for sources affecting both cities.These models facilitated a more precise verification of city-specific influences on PM_(2.5) sources.The results of this study will aid in prioritizing air pollution mitigation strategies during the heating season and strengthening air quality management to reduce the impact of downwind neighboring cities.展开更多
BACKGROUND Familial Mediterranean fever(FMF)is an autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disorder marked by recurrent episodes of fever and serositis.Resistin,a proinflammatory cytokine,may play a role in FMF pathogenes...BACKGROUND Familial Mediterranean fever(FMF)is an autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disorder marked by recurrent episodes of fever and serositis.Resistin,a proinflammatory cytokine,may play a role in FMF pathogenesis by promoting the release of interleukin-1beta,tumour necrosis factor alpha,and interleukin-6.AIM To evaluate serum resistin levels in children with FMF during acute attacks and remission,and to assess its potential as a biomarker for disease activity and progression.METHODS A case-control study was conducted involving 40 pediatric patients with FMF and 40 age-and sex-matched healthy controls.Serum resistin and inflammatory markers—including total leukocyte count(TLC),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),C-reactive protein(CRP),serum amyloid A(SAA),and fibrinogen—were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and standard assays.RESULTS No significant differences were found in age or sex between FMF patients and controls.Among FMF patients,fever was the most prevalent symptom(95%),followed by abdominal pain(75%).The most frequently detected genetic mutation was M694I,followed by M694V,E148Q,M680I,and V726A.Compound heterozygous mutations,including M694I/V726A and M694I/M694V,were equally represented.During acute attacks,FMF patients exhibited significantly elevated levels of TLC,ESR,CRP,SAA,and fibrinogen compared to attack-free periods and controls.Serum resistin levels were markedly higher during acute attacks and showed a strong positive correlation with other acute inflammatory markers.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity of resistin as a potential biomarker for FMF.CONCLUSION Resistin is significantly elevated in children with FMF during acute episodes and correlates with established inflammatory markers.These findings support its potential role as a non-invasive biomarker for disease activity and severity in pediatric FMF.展开更多
Mn_(3)Si_(2)Te_(6) is a ferrimagnetic nodal-line semiconductor with colossal angular magnetoresistance at ambient pressure.In this work,we investigated the effect of hydrostatic pressure on its electrical transport pr...Mn_(3)Si_(2)Te_(6) is a ferrimagnetic nodal-line semiconductor with colossal angular magnetoresistance at ambient pressure.In this work,we investigated the effect of hydrostatic pressure on its electrical transport properties,magnetic transition,and crystal structure by measuring resistivity,DC and AC magnetic susceptibility,and XRD under various pressures up to~20 GPa.Our results confirmed the occurrence of pressure-induced structural transition at P_(c)≈10–12 GPa accompanied by a concurrent drop of room-temperature resistance in Mn_(3)Si_(2)Te_(6).In the low-pressure phase at PP_(c),the sample exhibits a metallic behavior in the whole temperature range and its resistivity exhibits a kink anomaly at T_(M),characteristic of critical scattering around a magnetic transition.Recovery of the Raman spectrum upon decompression indicated that pressure-induced structural transition is reversible without amorphization under hydrostatic pressure conditions.Our present work not only resolves some existing controversial issues but also provides new insights into pressure-driven diverse behaviors of Mn_(3)Si_(2)Te_(6).展开更多
Botticelli’s The Birth of Venus continues to serve as an iconographic enigma and remains an enduring subject of scholarly analysis concerning the significance of mythological art and its symbolism during the Italian ...Botticelli’s The Birth of Venus continues to serve as an iconographic enigma and remains an enduring subject of scholarly analysis concerning the significance of mythological art and its symbolism during the Italian Renaissance.Therefore,it is particularly noteworthy to examine further the symbolic elements embedded within the imagery.This essay focuses on a specific component in the landscape of The Birth of Venus-the marsh plant on the riverbank,commonly known as cattail in English,tifa or stiancia in Italian,and Typha latifolia in Latin.Botticelli’s The Birth of Venus,executed between 1485 and 1490,is a tempera on canvas with gesso and gold applications.It was commissioned with specific aesthetic,cultural,and intellectual objectives and was intended to be displayed in a private chamber for personal viewing by members of the Medici family.Situated initially within the Medicean Villa at Castello,it has been exhibited at the Galleria degli Uffizi in Florence since 1815.This mythological painting exemplifies the Italian Renaissance principles of both physical and metaphysical humanism,visualized in a fusion of pagan and Christian iconography and iconology,incorporating symbolism that engages with antiquity and classical mythology.It also incorporates Italian Renaissance Neoplatonic philosophy,reflects Renaissance love poetry,demonstrates inventive patronage,and embodies spirituality directed towards a higher purpose.展开更多
BACKGROUND As artificial intelligence(AI)continues to expand across medical specialties,its application in medical imaging within plastic and reconstructive surgery(PRS)remains limited in the literature.Imaging plays ...BACKGROUND As artificial intelligence(AI)continues to expand across medical specialties,its application in medical imaging within plastic and reconstructive surgery(PRS)remains limited in the literature.Imaging plays a critical role in surgical planning,intraoperative decision-making,and postoperative monitoring in PRS,presenting an opportunity for AI to enhance clinical outcomes.AIM To evaluate the current applications of AI in medical imaging for plastic surgery,with a focus on its use in preoperative planning,intraoperative guidance,and postoperative monitoring.METHODS A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE,EMBASE,ScienceDirect,and OVID up to February 2025.Studies were included based on relevance to AI use in plastic surgery imaging.Extracted data included AI modality,surgical context,outcomes,and limitations.The search followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO(CRD420251008741).RESULTS AI tools have improved preoperative planning through three-dimensional vascular mapping,augmented reality,and thermographic imaging.Intraoperatively,AI-enabled navigation and robotic systems have increased surgical precision.Postoperative AI applications,including deep learning algorithms and sensorbased monitoring,support early complication detection and wound healing assessment.However,persistent barriers include data variability,model generalizability,surgeon unfamiliarity,and lack of regulatory standards.CONCLUSION AI-driven imaging technologies show promise in enhancing decision-making and outcomes in PRS.To ensure safe clinical integration,future efforts must focus on structured validation,standardization,and ethical oversight.展开更多
A 14-year-old presented with an asymptomatic left testicular mass after a brief episode of pain.Examination showed a non-tender left testis that was significantly larger than the right.Ultrasound revealed a 4.5-cm ava...A 14-year-old presented with an asymptomatic left testicular mass after a brief episode of pain.Examination showed a non-tender left testis that was significantly larger than the right.Ultrasound revealed a 4.5-cm avascular mass and an absence of normal testicular parenchyma.Tumor markers were unremarkable.A CT scan demonstrated no lymphadenopathy but identified a prominent left spermatic cord.Due to a suspicion of chronic torsion vs.malignancy,a left radical orchiectomy was performed.Pathology identified a hemorrhagic paratesticular venous malformation without signs of germ cell neoplasia,a rare entity.展开更多
Against the background of“carbon peak and carbon neutrality,”it is of great practical significance to develop non-blast furnace ironmaking technology for the sustainable development of steel industry.Carbon-bearing ...Against the background of“carbon peak and carbon neutrality,”it is of great practical significance to develop non-blast furnace ironmaking technology for the sustainable development of steel industry.Carbon-bearing iron ore pellet is an innovative burden of direct reduction ironmaking due to its excellent self-reducing property,and the thermal strength of pellet is a crucial metallurgical property that affects its wide application.The carbon-bearing iron ore pellet without binders(CIPWB)was prepared using iron concentrate and anthracite,and the effects of reducing agent addition amount,size of pellet,reduction temperature and time on the thermal compressive strength of CIPWB during the reduction process were studied.Simultaneously,the mechanism of the thermal strength evolution of CIPWB was revealed.The results showed that during the low-temperature reduction process(300-500℃),the thermal compressive strength of CIPWB linearly increases with increasing the size of pellet,while it gradually decreases with increasing the anthracite ratio.When the CIPWB with 8%anthracite is reduced at 300℃for 60 min,the thermal strength of pellet is enhanced from 13.24 to 31.88 N as the size of pellet increases from 8.04 to 12.78 mm.Meanwhile,as the temperature is 500℃,with increasing the anthracite ratio from 2%to 8%,the thermal compressive strength of pellet under reduction for 60 min remarkably decreases from 41.47 to 8.94 N.Furthermore,in the high-temperature reduction process(600-1150℃),the thermal compressive strength of CIPWB firstly increases and then reduces with increasing the temperature,while it as well as the temperature corresponding to the maximum strength decreases with increasing the anthracite ratio.With adding 18%anthracite,the thermal compressive strength of pellet reaches the maximum value at 800℃,namely 35.00 N,and obtains the minimum value at 1050℃,namely 8.60 N.The thermal compressive strength of CIPWB significantly depends on the temperature,reducing agent dosage,and pellet size.展开更多
As high-speed railway transportation advances toward increased velocities,it is imperative to enhance the mechanical performance of EA4T axle steel,especially through microstructures regulation by thermal–mechanical ...As high-speed railway transportation advances toward increased velocities,it is imperative to enhance the mechanical performance of EA4T axle steel,especially through microstructures regulation by thermal–mechanical processing.However,little research has been conducted on the phase transformation and microstructure evolution mechanism of EA4T steel under thermal–mechanical load,resulting in a lack of theoretical guidance.The hot deformation behavior and phase transformation mechanism of EA4T steel were investigated under different conditions of strain rates(0.01–10 s^(−1))and temperatures(850–1200℃).A relation of deformation stresses with Zener–Hollomon parameter was established to characterize the mechanical response and dynamic softening effect of EA4T steel during hot compression.The evolution of grain boundaries with different misorientations has been analyzed to evaluate the influence of strain rates and temperatures on the dynamic recrystallization.It was found that the grain refinement mechanisms of EA4T steel by dynamic recrystallization including twin-assisted boundary bulging,sub-grain rotation,and sub-grain growth.Transmission electron microscopy observations confirmed that dynamic recrystallization nuclei and small recrystallized grains impeded martensite phase nucleation during hot deformation,while the ongoing dynamic recrystallization consumed deformation stored energy and reduced dislocation density,which mitigated the stress concentration in the parent phase of martensite,thereby facilitating the uniform growth of martensite lath with a mixing structure of nanotwins and dislocations during quenching.展开更多
The shared links between Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are two prevalent conditions that come with substantial daily struggles.Emerging evi...The shared links between Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are two prevalent conditions that come with substantial daily struggles.Emerging evidence highlights that these diseases share similar pathophysiological features,including insulin resistance and chronic inflammation,which contribute to their rapid progression(Chen et al.,2022).Insulin resistance,a hallmark of T2DM,has been suggested to exacerbate neurodegeneration in AD.Similarly,chronic low-grade inflammation in T2DM parallels with neuroinflammation,which is observed in AD,suggesting overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms in T2DM and AD.展开更多
Over the years,the high magnetic induction of industrial Mn-added electrical steel is assumed to be the enhancement of{100}texture derived from its austenite-ferrite phase transformation during hot rolling(phase trans...Over the years,the high magnetic induction of industrial Mn-added electrical steel is assumed to be the enhancement of{100}texture derived from its austenite-ferrite phase transformation during hot rolling(phase transformation(PT)method).However,it is still undetermined without straightforward experimental evidence.The reason for{100}texture improvement of Mn-added electrical steel is experimentally confirmed due to the recrystallization induced by the austenite-ferrite phase transformation during hot rolling.Moreover,a more promising methodology to further improve{100}texture and formability of hot-rolled electrical steel is promoted by the control of hot rolling deformation condition(shear deformation(SD)method).The results show that the nucleation mechanisms of{100}oriented recrystallized grains are different in the samples by SD and PT methods,which are in-depth shear deformation and austenite-ferrite phase transformation,respectively.In this case,coarse{100}oriented recrystallized grains and low residual stress are obtained in the sample by SD method,which is responsible for its superior{100}texture and formability.In contrast,the sample by PT method forms fine recrystallized grains with random orientations and accumulates severe residual stress.展开更多
Next-generation 6G networks seek to provide ultra-reliable and low-latency communications,necessitating network designs that are intelligent and adaptable.Network slicing has developed as an effective option for resou...Next-generation 6G networks seek to provide ultra-reliable and low-latency communications,necessitating network designs that are intelligent and adaptable.Network slicing has developed as an effective option for resource separation and service-level differentiation inside virtualized infrastructures.Nonetheless,sustaining elevated Quality of Service(QoS)in dynamic,resource-limited systems poses significant hurdles.This study introduces an innovative packet-based proactive end-to-end(ETE)resource management system that facilitates network slicing with improved resilience and proactivity.To get around the drawbacks of conventional reactive systems,we develop a cost-efficient slice provisioning architecture that takes into account limits on radio,processing,and transmission resources.The optimization issue is non-convex,NP-hard,and requires online resolution in a dynamic setting.We offer a hybrid solution that integrates an advanced Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)methodology with an Improved Manta-Ray Foraging Optimization(ImpMRFO)algorithm.The ImpMRFO utilizes Chebyshev chaotic mapping for the formation of a varied starting population and incorporates Lévy flight-based stochastic movement to avert premature convergence,hence facilitating improved exploration-exploitation trade-offs.The DRL model perpetually acquires optimum provisioning strategies via agent-environment interactions,whereas the ImpMRFO enhances policy performance for effective slice provisioning.The solution,developed in Python,is evaluated across several 6G slicing scenarios that include varied QoS profiles and traffic requirements.The DRL model perpetually acquires optimum provisioning methods via agent-environment interactions,while the ImpMRFO enhances policy performance for effective slice provisioning.The solution,developed in Python,is evaluated across several 6G slicing scenarios that include varied QoS profiles and traffic requirements.Experimental findings reveal that the proactive ETE system outperforms DRL models and non-resilient provisioning techniques.Our technique increases PSSRr,decreases average latency,and optimizes resource use.These results demonstrate that the hybrid architecture for robust,real-time,and scalable slice management in future 6G networks is feasible.展开更多
Motivated by the recent discovery of charge density wave(CDW)order in the magnetic kagomémetal Fe Ge,we study the single-orbital t-N-V_(1)-V_(2)model on the kagomélattice,where N,V_(1),and V_(2)are the onsit...Motivated by the recent discovery of charge density wave(CDW)order in the magnetic kagomémetal Fe Ge,we study the single-orbital t-N-V_(1)-V_(2)model on the kagomélattice,where N,V_(1),and V_(2)are the onsite,nearest neighbor,and next-nearest-neighbor Coulomb interactions,respectively.When the Fermi level lies in the flat band,the instability toward ferromagnetic(FM)order gives rise to a FM half-metal at sufficiently large onsite N.Intriguingly,at band filling n=17/24,the Fermi level crosses the van Hove singularity of the spin-minority bands of the half-metal.We show that,due to the unique geometry and sublattice interference on the kagomélattice at van Hove singularity,the inter-site Coulomb interactions V_(1) and V_(2)drive a real and an imaginary bond-ordered 2a_(0)×2a_(0) CDW instability,respectively.The FM loop current CDW with complex bond orders is a spin-polarized Chern insulator exhibiting the quantum anomalous Hall effect.The bond fluctuations are found to be substantially enhanced compared to the corresponding nonmagnetic kagomémetals at van Hove filling,providing a concrete model realization of the bond-ordered CDWs,including the FM loop current CDW,over the onsite charge density ordered states.When the spins are partially polarized at an intermediate N,we find that the interplay of CDW and magnetism enables the formation of real and complex bond-ordered CDWs,and the CDW transition is accompanied by a substantial enhancement in the ordered magnetic moments.These findings provide physical insights for the emergence of 2a_(0)×2a_(0) CDWs and their interplay with magnetism on the kagomélattice,and capture the essential physics observed experimentally in Fe Ge.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease,is a chronic intestinal inflammation with complex pathogenesis.Pyroptosis a pro-inflammatory programmed cell death mediated by gasdermi...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease,is a chronic intestinal inflammation with complex pathogenesis.Pyroptosis a pro-inflammatory programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin D(GSDMD)cleavage plays a pivotal role in disease progression through nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP-3)/caspase-1 classical and caspase-4/5/11 non-classical pathways.Targeting pyroptosis has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy,with recent advances highlighting the potential of pyroptosis inhibitors such as small-molecule compounds,biologics,and repurposed drugs that specifically target NLRP3,caspases,or GSDMD to suppress inflammasome activation,block pore formation,and mitigate downstream inflammation.This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms and therapeutic effects of these inhibitors,while addressing critical challenges including drug specificity,delivery efficiency,and long-term safety,and explores their potential in combination therapies with existing IBD treatments to enhance clinical efficacy.By integrating preclinical and clinical evidence,we provide valuable insights into the translational prospects of pyroptosis-targeted therapies for precision management of IBD.展开更多
A novel steel–carbon fibre/polyetheretherketone(CF/PEEK)hybrid shaft is proposed,considering the thermal stability,negative coefficient of thermal expansion in fibre orientation,and high stiffness of CF/PEEK,which is...A novel steel–carbon fibre/polyetheretherketone(CF/PEEK)hybrid shaft is proposed,considering the thermal stability,negative coefficient of thermal expansion in fibre orientation,and high stiffness of CF/PEEK,which is expected to suppress the thermal deformation of shafts.A laser-assisted in-situ consolidation(LAC)process,together with its equipment,was developed to manufacture the hybrid shaft.Firstly,the optimal process parameters,including the laser-heated temperature and placement speed,were investigated.A maximum short-beam shear strength of 80.7 MPa was achieved when the laser-heated temperature was 500°C and the placement speed was 100 mm/s.In addition,the failure modes and the effect of environmental temperature on the CF/PEEK samples were analyzed.Both interlayer cracks and inelastic deformation failure modes were observed.The formation and propagation of cracks were further investigated through digital image correlation(DIC).Furthermore,internal defects of the CF/PEEK sample were detected using X-ray tomography scans,and a minimum porosity of 0.23%was achieved with the optimal process parameters.Finally,two steel–CF/PEEK hybrid shafts,with different fibre orientations,were manufactured based on the optimal process parameters.The surface temperature distributions and thermal deformations were investigated using a self-established deformation/temperature measurement platform.The hybrid shaft showed an 85.7%reduction in radial displacement with hoop fibre orientation and an 11.5%reduction in axial displacement with cross fibre orientation compared with the steel shaft.The results indicate that the proposed method has great potential to improve the thermal stability of hybrid shafts and the accuracy of machine tools.展开更多
Background:One-third of veterans returning from the 1990–1991 Gulf War reported a myriad of symptoms including cognitive dysfunction,skin rashes,musculoskeletal discomfort,and fatigue.This symptom cluster is now refe...Background:One-third of veterans returning from the 1990–1991 Gulf War reported a myriad of symptoms including cognitive dysfunction,skin rashes,musculoskeletal discomfort,and fatigue.This symptom cluster is now referred to as Gulf War Illness(GWI).As the underlying mechanisms of GWI have yet to be fully elucidated,diagnosis and treatment are based on symptomatic presentation.One confounding factor tied to the illness is the high presence of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).Previous research efforts have demonstrated that both GWI and PTSD are associated with immunological dysfunction.As such,this research endeavor aimed to provide insight into the complex relationship between GWI symptoms,cytokine presence,and immune cell populations to pinpoint the impact of PTSD on these measures in GWI.Methods:Symptom measures were gathered through the Multidimensional fatigue inventory(MFI)and 36-item short form health survey(SF-36)scales and biological measures were obtained through cytokine&cytometry analysis.Subgrouping was conducted using Davidson Trauma Scale scores and the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders(DSM)-5,into GWI with high probability of PTSD symptoms(GWIH)and GWI with low probability of PTSD symptoms(GWIL).Data was analyzed using analysis of variance(ANOVA)statistical analysis along with correlation graph analysis.We mapped correlations between immune cells and cytokine signaling measures,hormones and GWI symptom measures to identify patterns in regulation between the GWIH,GWIL,and healthy control groups.Results:GWI with comorbid PTSD symptoms resulted in poorer health outcomes compared with both healthy control(HC)and the GWIL subgroup.Significant differences were found in basophil levels of GWI compared with HC at peak exercise regardless of PTSD symptom comorbidity(ANOVA F=4.7,P=0.01)indicating its potential usage as a biomarker for general GWI from control.While the unique identification of GWI with PTSD symptoms was less clear,the GWIL subgroup was found to be delineated from both GWIH and HC on measures of IL-15 across an exercise challenge(ANOVA F>3.75,P<0.03).Additional differences in natural killer(NK)cell numbers and function highlight IL-15 as a potential biomarker of GWI in the absence of PTSD symptoms.Conclusions:We conclude that disentangling GWI and PTSD by defining trauma-based subgroups may aid in the identification of unique GWI biosignatures that can help to improve diagnosis and target treatment of GWI more effectively.展开更多
基金the U.S.Army Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement Award No.HQ0034-15-2-0007the U.S.National Science Foundation(DMR-2207965).
文摘Maraging steels are known for their exceptional strength but suffer from limited work hardening and ductility.Here,we report an intermittent printing strategy to tailor the microstructure and mechanical properties of maraging 250 steel via tuning the thermal history during wire-arc directed energy deposition.By introducing a dwell time between adjacent layers,the maraging 250 steel is cooled below the martensite start temperature,triggering thermally-driven martensitic transformation during the printing process.Thermal cycling during subsequent layer deposition results in the formation of reverted austenite which shows a refined microstructure and induces elemental segregation between martensite and reverted austenite.The Ni enrichment in the austenite promotes stabilization of the reverted austenite upon cooling to room temperature.The reverted austenite is metastable during deformation,leading to strain-induced martensitic transformation under loading.Specifically,a 3 min interlayer dwell time produces a maraging 250 steel with approximately 8% reverted austenite,resulting in improved work hardening via martensitic transformation induced plasticity during deformation.Meanwhile,the higher cooling rate and refined prior austenite grains lead to substantially refined martensitic grains(by approximately fivefold)together with an increased dislocation density.With 3 min interlayer dwell time,the yield strength of the printed maraging 250 steel increases from 836 MPa to 990 MPa,and the uniform elongation is doubled from 3.2% to 6.5%.This intermittent deposition strategy demonstrates the potential to tune the microstructure of maraging steels for achieving strength-ductility synergy by engineering the thermal history during additive manufacturing.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2008085MH273)Anhui Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(2022AH020050)+3 种基金the Scientific Research Platform Improvement Project of Anhui Medical University(2022xkjT045)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.2108085MH278)Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Project of Anhui Medical University(YJS20230110)the Science and Technology Program of Ma’anshan City(No.YL-2022-8)。
文摘Background:Renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is a prevalent malignancy characterized by a rising incidence and significant mortality.Interleukins(ILs)are crucial in regulating immune cell trafficking and exhibit anti-tumor properties.However,limited research has explored the expression levels and prognostic significance of interleukins in RCC.Methods:In this comprehensive study,we performed a detailed analysis of interleukins in RCC patients using multiple bioinformatics tools,including Oncomine,UALCAN,GEPIA,Kaplan-Meier plotter,cBioPortal,GeneMANIA,TRRUST,STRING,and Linked Omics.Results:Our analysis demonstrated a significant upregulation in the transcriptional levels of IL4,IL7,IL15,IL16,IL23A,IL26,and IL32 were significantly upregulated in RCC tissues,indicating their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of this malignancy.In contrast,IL1A,IL11,and IL27 were downregulated,indicating their potential function as tumor suppressors.Significant correlations were identified between the expression levels of IL11,IL23A,IL27,IL32,and the pathological stage of RCC patients.The expression levels of IL1A,IL4,IL11,IL15,IL16,IL23A,IL26,IL27,and IL32 were significantly correlated with improved prognosis.The differentially expressed interleukins primarily function in cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions and immune response-regulating signaling pathways.homeobox A10(HOXA10),v-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog(avian)(MYB),v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A(avian)(RELA),and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1(NFKB1)are key transcription factors for ILs,while LCK proto-oncogene(LCK),LYN proto-oncogene(LYN),spleen associated tyrosine kinase(SYK),Janus kinase 3(JAK3),and FER tyrosine kinase(FER)are IL targets.IL expression significantly correlated with the infiltration of six distinct immune cell types.IL1A potentially exerts an anti-tumor effect in RCC prognosis by inducing neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs).Additionally,NFKB1 may positively regulate IL1A,providing a rationale for further in vivo and clinical studies.Conclusion:In conclusion,our study demonstrates the potential role of IL 1A in the prognosis of RCC and establishes a theoretical foundation for subsequent in vivo and clinical investigations.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52077026,51977023,52177126 and 12475253)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT23YG227)the Dalian Life&Health Guiding Project(No.2023ZXYG34)。
文摘In this study,we explored a one-step direct synthesis of NH3 under mild experimental conditions utilizing pulse-modulated microwave plasma technology at atmospheric pressure.At a substantial gas flow rate,a microwave plasma jet was formed and the microwave-assisted ammonia synthesis can be realized.Impacts of various parameters including the gas flow rate,gas component,microwave absorbed power,pulse modulation frequency,and pulse duty cycle on ammonia synthesis were systematically investigated.To indicate the reaction path of ammonia synthesis,the distributions of both the gas temperature and active species were also studied using optical emission spectra technology.It is found that a considerable amount of ammonia was directly synthesized without involvement of any catalysts,the highest ammonia production rate and energy efficiency(EE),up to 2.93μmol·min^(-1) and 6.64×10^(-2)g·(k W·h)^(-1),respectively,were achieved under low microwave power of 84.42 W.The duty cycle has obvious influences on the synthesis efficiency,compared to a duty cycle of 80%,the ammonia synthesis rate,EE and nitrogen conversion decreased by about 22%at a duty cycle of 100%.This finding underscores the significance of incorporating pulse modulation in the microwave discharge process for ammonia synthesis.Furthermore,it was found that vibrational excitation of microwave plasma has a significant driving effect on ammonia synthesis.
基金supported in part by the e-ASIA Joint Research Program from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED)(grant number:21jm0210062h0004).
文摘Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is a fatal bile duct malignancy.CCA is intrinsically resistant to standard chemotherapy,responds poorly to it,and has a poor prognosis.Effective treatments for cholangiocarcinoma remain elusive,and a breakthrough in CCA treatment is still awaited.The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)plays an oncogenic role by promoting an aggressive cancer phenotype through multiple pathways.While HER2 has shown increasing potential as an effective target for breast and gastric cancers over the last decade,this has not been the case for CCA.This review explores the possibility of targeting HER2 in CCA immunotherapy.Key findings suggest that HER2 alterations have been reported as one of the signatures associated with a poorer prognosis in liver fluke-associated CCA,the most prevalent subtype in Southeast Asia.Furthermore,we assess recent advances in HER2-targeted therapeutic approaches,presenting the current stage,rationale,and evidence supporting the use of HER2 as a promising therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy in CCA.We also emphasize the crucial role of animal models in developing anticancer therapies.In summary,focusing on HER2 expression could provide alternative strategies for the HER2-altered CCA cluster.
基金funded by Fundacao de Amparoà Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo(process no:2016/22679-3)funded through an undergraduate student scholarship for scientific research provided by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq,process no:144202/2018-2).
文摘Sexual selection is thought to play a major role in the evolution of color due to the correlation between a signaler’s physiological state and the displayed color.As such,researchers often investigate how color correlates to the quality of the signaler.However,research on the relationship between color and individual quality is often taxonomically limited and researchers typically investigate how color phenotypes relate to one index of quality,such as a linear measure of body size.Here,we investigated the relationship among body size,claw size,claw muscle mass,lipid content,and the color of the claw in male fiddler crabs(Leptuca uruguayensis)which wield an exaggerated claw that varies in color from brown to red.We hypothesized that if the color was correlated to one or more indices of male quality,the color displayed on the claws of male L.uruguayensis could be under sexual selection.We found L.uruguayensis claw color varies substantially among the individuals we photographed.However,we did not find a correlation between claw color and indices of quality;neither brightness nor hue correlated to the indices of quality we measured.Our findings suggest that claw color in L.uruguayensis is unlikely to have evolved to signal quality,but may instead function as a species identity or as a non-indicator sexual signal.
基金supported by the National Institute of Environmental Research(NIER)funded by the Ministry of Environment(No.NIER-2019-04-02-039)supported by Particulate Matter Management Specialized Graduate Program through the Korea Environmental Industry&Technology Institute(KEITI)funded by the Ministry of Environment(MOE).
文摘Fine particulatematter(PM_(2.5))samples were collected in two neighboring cities,Beijing and Baoding,China.High-concentration events of PM_(2.5) in which the average mass concentration exceeded 75μg/m^(3) were frequently observed during the heating season.Dispersion Normalized Positive Matrix Factorization was applied for the source apportionment of PM_(2.5) as minimize the dilution effects of meteorology and better reflect the source strengths in these two cities.Secondary nitrate had the highest contribution for Beijing(37.3%),and residential heating/biomass burning was the largest for Baoding(27.1%).Secondary nitrate,mobile,biomass burning,district heating,oil combustion,aged sea salt sources showed significant differences between the heating and non-heating seasons in Beijing for same period(2019.01.10–2019.08.22)(Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test P<0.05).In case of Baoding,soil,residential heating/biomass burning,incinerator,coal combustion,oil combustion sources showed significant differences.The results of Pearson correlation analysis for the common sources between the two cities showed that long-range transported sources and some sources with seasonal patterns such as oil combustion and soil had high correlation coefficients.Conditional Bivariate Probability Function(CBPF)was used to identify the inflow directions for the sources,and joint-PSCF(Potential Source Contribution Function)was performed to determine the common potential source areas for sources affecting both cities.These models facilitated a more precise verification of city-specific influences on PM_(2.5) sources.The results of this study will aid in prioritizing air pollution mitigation strategies during the heating season and strengthening air quality management to reduce the impact of downwind neighboring cities.
文摘BACKGROUND Familial Mediterranean fever(FMF)is an autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disorder marked by recurrent episodes of fever and serositis.Resistin,a proinflammatory cytokine,may play a role in FMF pathogenesis by promoting the release of interleukin-1beta,tumour necrosis factor alpha,and interleukin-6.AIM To evaluate serum resistin levels in children with FMF during acute attacks and remission,and to assess its potential as a biomarker for disease activity and progression.METHODS A case-control study was conducted involving 40 pediatric patients with FMF and 40 age-and sex-matched healthy controls.Serum resistin and inflammatory markers—including total leukocyte count(TLC),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),C-reactive protein(CRP),serum amyloid A(SAA),and fibrinogen—were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and standard assays.RESULTS No significant differences were found in age or sex between FMF patients and controls.Among FMF patients,fever was the most prevalent symptom(95%),followed by abdominal pain(75%).The most frequently detected genetic mutation was M694I,followed by M694V,E148Q,M680I,and V726A.Compound heterozygous mutations,including M694I/V726A and M694I/M694V,were equally represented.During acute attacks,FMF patients exhibited significantly elevated levels of TLC,ESR,CRP,SAA,and fibrinogen compared to attack-free periods and controls.Serum resistin levels were markedly higher during acute attacks and showed a strong positive correlation with other acute inflammatory markers.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity of resistin as a potential biomarker for FMF.CONCLUSION Resistin is significantly elevated in children with FMF during acute episodes and correlates with established inflammatory markers.These findings support its potential role as a non-invasive biomarker for disease activity and severity in pediatric FMF.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2023YFA1406100, 2022YFA1403900, 2024YFA1408400, 2021YFA1400200, 2022YFA1403800, and 2023YFA1406500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12174424, 12025408, 11921004, U22A6005, and 12274459)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 2023007)the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative (Grant No. 2024PG0003)。
文摘Mn_(3)Si_(2)Te_(6) is a ferrimagnetic nodal-line semiconductor with colossal angular magnetoresistance at ambient pressure.In this work,we investigated the effect of hydrostatic pressure on its electrical transport properties,magnetic transition,and crystal structure by measuring resistivity,DC and AC magnetic susceptibility,and XRD under various pressures up to~20 GPa.Our results confirmed the occurrence of pressure-induced structural transition at P_(c)≈10–12 GPa accompanied by a concurrent drop of room-temperature resistance in Mn_(3)Si_(2)Te_(6).In the low-pressure phase at PP_(c),the sample exhibits a metallic behavior in the whole temperature range and its resistivity exhibits a kink anomaly at T_(M),characteristic of critical scattering around a magnetic transition.Recovery of the Raman spectrum upon decompression indicated that pressure-induced structural transition is reversible without amorphization under hydrostatic pressure conditions.Our present work not only resolves some existing controversial issues but also provides new insights into pressure-driven diverse behaviors of Mn_(3)Si_(2)Te_(6).
文摘Botticelli’s The Birth of Venus continues to serve as an iconographic enigma and remains an enduring subject of scholarly analysis concerning the significance of mythological art and its symbolism during the Italian Renaissance.Therefore,it is particularly noteworthy to examine further the symbolic elements embedded within the imagery.This essay focuses on a specific component in the landscape of The Birth of Venus-the marsh plant on the riverbank,commonly known as cattail in English,tifa or stiancia in Italian,and Typha latifolia in Latin.Botticelli’s The Birth of Venus,executed between 1485 and 1490,is a tempera on canvas with gesso and gold applications.It was commissioned with specific aesthetic,cultural,and intellectual objectives and was intended to be displayed in a private chamber for personal viewing by members of the Medici family.Situated initially within the Medicean Villa at Castello,it has been exhibited at the Galleria degli Uffizi in Florence since 1815.This mythological painting exemplifies the Italian Renaissance principles of both physical and metaphysical humanism,visualized in a fusion of pagan and Christian iconography and iconology,incorporating symbolism that engages with antiquity and classical mythology.It also incorporates Italian Renaissance Neoplatonic philosophy,reflects Renaissance love poetry,demonstrates inventive patronage,and embodies spirituality directed towards a higher purpose.
文摘BACKGROUND As artificial intelligence(AI)continues to expand across medical specialties,its application in medical imaging within plastic and reconstructive surgery(PRS)remains limited in the literature.Imaging plays a critical role in surgical planning,intraoperative decision-making,and postoperative monitoring in PRS,presenting an opportunity for AI to enhance clinical outcomes.AIM To evaluate the current applications of AI in medical imaging for plastic surgery,with a focus on its use in preoperative planning,intraoperative guidance,and postoperative monitoring.METHODS A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE,EMBASE,ScienceDirect,and OVID up to February 2025.Studies were included based on relevance to AI use in plastic surgery imaging.Extracted data included AI modality,surgical context,outcomes,and limitations.The search followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO(CRD420251008741).RESULTS AI tools have improved preoperative planning through three-dimensional vascular mapping,augmented reality,and thermographic imaging.Intraoperatively,AI-enabled navigation and robotic systems have increased surgical precision.Postoperative AI applications,including deep learning algorithms and sensorbased monitoring,support early complication detection and wound healing assessment.However,persistent barriers include data variability,model generalizability,surgeon unfamiliarity,and lack of regulatory standards.CONCLUSION AI-driven imaging technologies show promise in enhancing decision-making and outcomes in PRS.To ensure safe clinical integration,future efforts must focus on structured validation,standardization,and ethical oversight.
基金VMR is funded by the AUA and Urology Care Foundation(Research Scholars Award)as well as an NIH NRSA training grant(5T32DK060442-20)HT is funded by the AUA and Urology Care Foundation(Research Scholars Award),SUFU(Chemodenervation Grant),and the Office of Faculty Development at Harvard Medical School.
文摘A 14-year-old presented with an asymptomatic left testicular mass after a brief episode of pain.Examination showed a non-tender left testis that was significantly larger than the right.Ultrasound revealed a 4.5-cm avascular mass and an absence of normal testicular parenchyma.Tumor markers were unremarkable.A CT scan demonstrated no lymphadenopathy but identified a prominent left spermatic cord.Due to a suspicion of chronic torsion vs.malignancy,a left radical orchiectomy was performed.Pathology identified a hemorrhagic paratesticular venous malformation without signs of germ cell neoplasia,a rare entity.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074080,52004001,and 51574002).
文摘Against the background of“carbon peak and carbon neutrality,”it is of great practical significance to develop non-blast furnace ironmaking technology for the sustainable development of steel industry.Carbon-bearing iron ore pellet is an innovative burden of direct reduction ironmaking due to its excellent self-reducing property,and the thermal strength of pellet is a crucial metallurgical property that affects its wide application.The carbon-bearing iron ore pellet without binders(CIPWB)was prepared using iron concentrate and anthracite,and the effects of reducing agent addition amount,size of pellet,reduction temperature and time on the thermal compressive strength of CIPWB during the reduction process were studied.Simultaneously,the mechanism of the thermal strength evolution of CIPWB was revealed.The results showed that during the low-temperature reduction process(300-500℃),the thermal compressive strength of CIPWB linearly increases with increasing the size of pellet,while it gradually decreases with increasing the anthracite ratio.When the CIPWB with 8%anthracite is reduced at 300℃for 60 min,the thermal strength of pellet is enhanced from 13.24 to 31.88 N as the size of pellet increases from 8.04 to 12.78 mm.Meanwhile,as the temperature is 500℃,with increasing the anthracite ratio from 2%to 8%,the thermal compressive strength of pellet under reduction for 60 min remarkably decreases from 41.47 to 8.94 N.Furthermore,in the high-temperature reduction process(600-1150℃),the thermal compressive strength of CIPWB firstly increases and then reduces with increasing the temperature,while it as well as the temperature corresponding to the maximum strength decreases with increasing the anthracite ratio.With adding 18%anthracite,the thermal compressive strength of pellet reaches the maximum value at 800℃,namely 35.00 N,and obtains the minimum value at 1050℃,namely 8.60 N.The thermal compressive strength of CIPWB significantly depends on the temperature,reducing agent dosage,and pellet size.
基金support was received from National Key Research and Development Plan from China:Demonstration and application of special steel for typical components of high-end equipment(2017YFB0703004).
文摘As high-speed railway transportation advances toward increased velocities,it is imperative to enhance the mechanical performance of EA4T axle steel,especially through microstructures regulation by thermal–mechanical processing.However,little research has been conducted on the phase transformation and microstructure evolution mechanism of EA4T steel under thermal–mechanical load,resulting in a lack of theoretical guidance.The hot deformation behavior and phase transformation mechanism of EA4T steel were investigated under different conditions of strain rates(0.01–10 s^(−1))and temperatures(850–1200℃).A relation of deformation stresses with Zener–Hollomon parameter was established to characterize the mechanical response and dynamic softening effect of EA4T steel during hot compression.The evolution of grain boundaries with different misorientations has been analyzed to evaluate the influence of strain rates and temperatures on the dynamic recrystallization.It was found that the grain refinement mechanisms of EA4T steel by dynamic recrystallization including twin-assisted boundary bulging,sub-grain rotation,and sub-grain growth.Transmission electron microscopy observations confirmed that dynamic recrystallization nuclei and small recrystallized grains impeded martensite phase nucleation during hot deformation,while the ongoing dynamic recrystallization consumed deformation stored energy and reduced dislocation density,which mitigated the stress concentration in the parent phase of martensite,thereby facilitating the uniform growth of martensite lath with a mixing structure of nanotwins and dislocations during quenching.
基金supported by grants from NIH T32(DK007260,to WC)the Steno North American Fellowship awarded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation(NNF23OC0087108,to WC).
文摘The shared links between Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are two prevalent conditions that come with substantial daily struggles.Emerging evidence highlights that these diseases share similar pathophysiological features,including insulin resistance and chronic inflammation,which contribute to their rapid progression(Chen et al.,2022).Insulin resistance,a hallmark of T2DM,has been suggested to exacerbate neurodegeneration in AD.Similarly,chronic low-grade inflammation in T2DM parallels with neuroinflammation,which is observed in AD,suggesting overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms in T2DM and AD.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.51901091 and 52374316)the Yunnan Science and Technology Program(Nos.202401AT070403 and 202305AF150014).
文摘Over the years,the high magnetic induction of industrial Mn-added electrical steel is assumed to be the enhancement of{100}texture derived from its austenite-ferrite phase transformation during hot rolling(phase transformation(PT)method).However,it is still undetermined without straightforward experimental evidence.The reason for{100}texture improvement of Mn-added electrical steel is experimentally confirmed due to the recrystallization induced by the austenite-ferrite phase transformation during hot rolling.Moreover,a more promising methodology to further improve{100}texture and formability of hot-rolled electrical steel is promoted by the control of hot rolling deformation condition(shear deformation(SD)method).The results show that the nucleation mechanisms of{100}oriented recrystallized grains are different in the samples by SD and PT methods,which are in-depth shear deformation and austenite-ferrite phase transformation,respectively.In this case,coarse{100}oriented recrystallized grains and low residual stress are obtained in the sample by SD method,which is responsible for its superior{100}texture and formability.In contrast,the sample by PT method forms fine recrystallized grains with random orientations and accumulates severe residual stress.
文摘Next-generation 6G networks seek to provide ultra-reliable and low-latency communications,necessitating network designs that are intelligent and adaptable.Network slicing has developed as an effective option for resource separation and service-level differentiation inside virtualized infrastructures.Nonetheless,sustaining elevated Quality of Service(QoS)in dynamic,resource-limited systems poses significant hurdles.This study introduces an innovative packet-based proactive end-to-end(ETE)resource management system that facilitates network slicing with improved resilience and proactivity.To get around the drawbacks of conventional reactive systems,we develop a cost-efficient slice provisioning architecture that takes into account limits on radio,processing,and transmission resources.The optimization issue is non-convex,NP-hard,and requires online resolution in a dynamic setting.We offer a hybrid solution that integrates an advanced Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)methodology with an Improved Manta-Ray Foraging Optimization(ImpMRFO)algorithm.The ImpMRFO utilizes Chebyshev chaotic mapping for the formation of a varied starting population and incorporates Lévy flight-based stochastic movement to avert premature convergence,hence facilitating improved exploration-exploitation trade-offs.The DRL model perpetually acquires optimum provisioning strategies via agent-environment interactions,whereas the ImpMRFO enhances policy performance for effective slice provisioning.The solution,developed in Python,is evaluated across several 6G slicing scenarios that include varied QoS profiles and traffic requirements.The DRL model perpetually acquires optimum provisioning methods via agent-environment interactions,while the ImpMRFO enhances policy performance for effective slice provisioning.The solution,developed in Python,is evaluated across several 6G slicing scenarios that include varied QoS profiles and traffic requirements.Experimental findings reveal that the proactive ETE system outperforms DRL models and non-resilient provisioning techniques.Our technique increases PSSRr,decreases average latency,and optimizes resource use.These results demonstrate that the hybrid architecture for robust,real-time,and scalable slice management in future 6G networks is feasible.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1403800 and 2023YFA1407300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12374153,12447101,and 11974362)supported by the U.S.Department of Energy,Basic Energy Sciences(Grant No.DE-FG02-99ER45747)。
文摘Motivated by the recent discovery of charge density wave(CDW)order in the magnetic kagomémetal Fe Ge,we study the single-orbital t-N-V_(1)-V_(2)model on the kagomélattice,where N,V_(1),and V_(2)are the onsite,nearest neighbor,and next-nearest-neighbor Coulomb interactions,respectively.When the Fermi level lies in the flat band,the instability toward ferromagnetic(FM)order gives rise to a FM half-metal at sufficiently large onsite N.Intriguingly,at band filling n=17/24,the Fermi level crosses the van Hove singularity of the spin-minority bands of the half-metal.We show that,due to the unique geometry and sublattice interference on the kagomélattice at van Hove singularity,the inter-site Coulomb interactions V_(1) and V_(2)drive a real and an imaginary bond-ordered 2a_(0)×2a_(0) CDW instability,respectively.The FM loop current CDW with complex bond orders is a spin-polarized Chern insulator exhibiting the quantum anomalous Hall effect.The bond fluctuations are found to be substantially enhanced compared to the corresponding nonmagnetic kagomémetals at van Hove filling,providing a concrete model realization of the bond-ordered CDWs,including the FM loop current CDW,over the onsite charge density ordered states.When the spins are partially polarized at an intermediate N,we find that the interplay of CDW and magnetism enables the formation of real and complex bond-ordered CDWs,and the CDW transition is accompanied by a substantial enhancement in the ordered magnetic moments.These findings provide physical insights for the emergence of 2a_(0)×2a_(0) CDWs and their interplay with magnetism on the kagomélattice,and capture the essential physics observed experimentally in Fe Ge.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province,No.23JRRA1015.
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease,is a chronic intestinal inflammation with complex pathogenesis.Pyroptosis a pro-inflammatory programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin D(GSDMD)cleavage plays a pivotal role in disease progression through nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP-3)/caspase-1 classical and caspase-4/5/11 non-classical pathways.Targeting pyroptosis has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy,with recent advances highlighting the potential of pyroptosis inhibitors such as small-molecule compounds,biologics,and repurposed drugs that specifically target NLRP3,caspases,or GSDMD to suppress inflammasome activation,block pore formation,and mitigate downstream inflammation.This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms and therapeutic effects of these inhibitors,while addressing critical challenges including drug specificity,delivery efficiency,and long-term safety,and explores their potential in combination therapies with existing IBD treatments to enhance clinical efficacy.By integrating preclinical and clinical evidence,we provide valuable insights into the translational prospects of pyroptosis-targeted therapies for precision management of IBD.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.52175440)the Aeronautics Science Foundation of China(No.2023Z049076001)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Shanghai Aerospace(No.SAST2022-058)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions(No.SKLMT-MSKFKT-202202)the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2023C01058)the Experimental Technique Project of Zhejiang University(No.SYBJS202302),China.
文摘A novel steel–carbon fibre/polyetheretherketone(CF/PEEK)hybrid shaft is proposed,considering the thermal stability,negative coefficient of thermal expansion in fibre orientation,and high stiffness of CF/PEEK,which is expected to suppress the thermal deformation of shafts.A laser-assisted in-situ consolidation(LAC)process,together with its equipment,was developed to manufacture the hybrid shaft.Firstly,the optimal process parameters,including the laser-heated temperature and placement speed,were investigated.A maximum short-beam shear strength of 80.7 MPa was achieved when the laser-heated temperature was 500°C and the placement speed was 100 mm/s.In addition,the failure modes and the effect of environmental temperature on the CF/PEEK samples were analyzed.Both interlayer cracks and inelastic deformation failure modes were observed.The formation and propagation of cracks were further investigated through digital image correlation(DIC).Furthermore,internal defects of the CF/PEEK sample were detected using X-ray tomography scans,and a minimum porosity of 0.23%was achieved with the optimal process parameters.Finally,two steel–CF/PEEK hybrid shafts,with different fibre orientations,were manufactured based on the optimal process parameters.The surface temperature distributions and thermal deformations were investigated using a self-established deformation/temperature measurement platform.The hybrid shaft showed an 85.7%reduction in radial displacement with hoop fibre orientation and an 11.5%reduction in axial displacement with cross fibre orientation compared with the steel shaft.The results indicate that the proposed method has great potential to improve the thermal stability of hybrid shafts and the accuracy of machine tools.
基金suppor ted by the US Depar tment of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program (CDMRP)awards (http://cdmrp.army.mil/) W81XWH-16-1-0632 (Craddock PI),W81XWH-16-1-0552 (Craddock PI),W81XWH-18-1-0549 (Sullivan PI),W81XWH-13-2-0072 (Sullivan PI),and W81XWH-09-2-0071 (Klimas PI)a Veterans Affairs Merit Award (4987.69) to Dr.Nancy Klimas。
文摘Background:One-third of veterans returning from the 1990–1991 Gulf War reported a myriad of symptoms including cognitive dysfunction,skin rashes,musculoskeletal discomfort,and fatigue.This symptom cluster is now referred to as Gulf War Illness(GWI).As the underlying mechanisms of GWI have yet to be fully elucidated,diagnosis and treatment are based on symptomatic presentation.One confounding factor tied to the illness is the high presence of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).Previous research efforts have demonstrated that both GWI and PTSD are associated with immunological dysfunction.As such,this research endeavor aimed to provide insight into the complex relationship between GWI symptoms,cytokine presence,and immune cell populations to pinpoint the impact of PTSD on these measures in GWI.Methods:Symptom measures were gathered through the Multidimensional fatigue inventory(MFI)and 36-item short form health survey(SF-36)scales and biological measures were obtained through cytokine&cytometry analysis.Subgrouping was conducted using Davidson Trauma Scale scores and the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders(DSM)-5,into GWI with high probability of PTSD symptoms(GWIH)and GWI with low probability of PTSD symptoms(GWIL).Data was analyzed using analysis of variance(ANOVA)statistical analysis along with correlation graph analysis.We mapped correlations between immune cells and cytokine signaling measures,hormones and GWI symptom measures to identify patterns in regulation between the GWIH,GWIL,and healthy control groups.Results:GWI with comorbid PTSD symptoms resulted in poorer health outcomes compared with both healthy control(HC)and the GWIL subgroup.Significant differences were found in basophil levels of GWI compared with HC at peak exercise regardless of PTSD symptom comorbidity(ANOVA F=4.7,P=0.01)indicating its potential usage as a biomarker for general GWI from control.While the unique identification of GWI with PTSD symptoms was less clear,the GWIL subgroup was found to be delineated from both GWIH and HC on measures of IL-15 across an exercise challenge(ANOVA F>3.75,P<0.03).Additional differences in natural killer(NK)cell numbers and function highlight IL-15 as a potential biomarker of GWI in the absence of PTSD symptoms.Conclusions:We conclude that disentangling GWI and PTSD by defining trauma-based subgroups may aid in the identification of unique GWI biosignatures that can help to improve diagnosis and target treatment of GWI more effectively.
