A study has been carried out in part of Chenab basin,Himalaya to understand the relationship between glacio-morphological factors and change in glacial area. Initially change in areal extent of glaciers was derived fo...A study has been carried out in part of Chenab basin,Himalaya to understand the relationship between glacio-morphological factors and change in glacial area. Initially change in areal extent of glaciers was derived for two time frames(1962-2001/02 and 2001/02-2010/11). The study comprised of 324 glaciers for the monitoring period of 1962-2001/02 for,which 11% loss in glacial area was observed. Two hundred and thirty-eight glaciers were further monitored between 2001/02 and 2010/11. These glaciers showed an area loss of 1.1%. The annual deglaciation has been found to be higher during the period of 1962-2001/02 compared to 2001/02-2010/11. The spatial and temporal variability in deglaciation was also addressed usingglacio-morphic parameters. Area,length,percentage of debris cover,and various elevation parameters of glaciers were observed to have significant controls on relationships to the rate of glacial shrinkage. Largerarea and longer glaciers show a lower percentage of retreat than smaller and shorter ones. Moreover,glaciers located at lower altitudes and having gentle slopes show more area retreat. The results of area retreat in debris covered and debris free glaciers supports that the glaciers covered by debris retard ice melting at some extent. 158 glaciers were observed having no debris cover,and these exhibit 14% of loss in surface area. In glaciers having 40% debris cover,8% of deglaciation was observed. The glaciers located below equilibrium line altitude(ELA) have experienced 4.6% of deglaciation for the time frame 2001/02 – 2010/11 whereas it was found to be 1.1% for the glaciers occurring above ELA. However,theorientation of glaciers did not show any considerable influence on glacial change based on hypothesis.展开更多
A novel, fast, sensitive and robust method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-ESI-MS/MS） has been developed to sep...A novel, fast, sensitive and robust method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-ESI-MS/MS） has been developed to separate two Tibolone stereoisomers i.e., 3α-Hydroxy Tibolone and 3β-Hydroxy Tibolone and to quantify 3α-Hydroxy Tibolone using p-toulenesulfonyl isocyanate （PTSI） as a derivatizing reagent in human plasma. 3α-Hydroxy Tibolone-13CD3 was used as an internal standard （IS）. The analyte and IS were extracted from human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate. Extracted samples were analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Chromatography was performed using binary gradient on UPLC analytical column. A linear calibration curve over the range of 0.100-35.000 ng/ mL was obtained and lower limit of quantification （LLOQ） was 0.100 ng/mL demonstrating acceptable accuracy and precision. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in order to compare a test Tibolone 2.5 mg formulation vs. a reference 2.5 mg Tibolone tablet formulation in 50 post-menopausal/surgical menopause female human volunteers under fasting conditions. It is concluded that test formulation of Tibolone is bioequivalent to reference formulation of Tibolone.展开更多
The areal extent of many Himalayan glaciers is decreasing where number of glaciers is increasing. This increasing number is subject to the fragmentation of limbs of main trunk glacier. However, disintegration of limbs...The areal extent of many Himalayan glaciers is decreasing where number of glaciers is increasing. This increasing number is subject to the fragmentation of limbs of main trunk glacier. However, disintegration of limbs is not observed in all the glacier system. This paper emphases the scenario of the fragmentation occurred in glaciers. Two glaciers from the two different basins have been taken into the consideration for this study. The peculiar characteristic of these glaciers is that, the tributary glaciers are showing less retreat in compare to main trunk glaciers. Due to this reason the rate of shift in snout is higher in main trunk glaciers than tributary glaciers. However, in recent data the tributary glaciers have experienced little higher loss in glacial ice than main glacier. But the shift of snout in main trunk glacier is no doubt surprising since past. Therefore, various parameters have been examined to identify the cause of such a behavior of glaciers. The common factors observed in both the glaciers are accumulation area ratio which is higher, snow line altitude which is lower in tributary glaciers for the period of 2005-2013. Another factor is the orientation as tributary glaciers are towards NE direction. In addition, slope of Dharlang glacier (main limb) is 4? where it is 18? in tributary glacier.展开更多
A series of pyrazoline-based new heterocycles have recently been synthesized from our group where some of the compounds display potent anti-tubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. In order to fur...A series of pyrazoline-based new heterocycles have recently been synthesized from our group where some of the compounds display potent anti-tubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. In order to further explore the potency of the compounds, quantitative structure activity relationship study is carried out using genetic function approximation. Statistically significant (r2 = 0.85) and predictive (r2pred=0.89 and r2m=0.74)?QSAR models are developed. It is evident from the QSAR study that majority of the anti-tubercular activity is found to be driven by lipophilicity. Also, molecular solubility, Jurs and shadow descriptors influence the biological activity significantly. Also, positive contribution of molecular shadow descriptors suggests that molecules with bulkier substituents are more likely to enhance anti-tubercular activity. Since the developed QSAR models are found to be statistically significant and predictive, they potentially can be applied for predicting anti-tubercular activity of new molecules for prioritization of molecules for synthesis.展开更多
Various recent reports on Tuberculosis have alarmed an increase in the patient class and subsequent death rates across the globe. Over and above the spread of more dangerous and fatal forms of tuberculosis like MDR-TB...Various recent reports on Tuberculosis have alarmed an increase in the patient class and subsequent death rates across the globe. Over and above the spread of more dangerous and fatal forms of tuberculosis like MDR-TB i.e. multiple-drug resistance tuberculosis, XDR-TB i.e. extensively-drug resistance tuberculosis & TDR-TB i.e. total-drug resistance tuberculosis has forwarded an urgent need to discover novel antitubercular agents. The current work is aimed at combining two previously well-known pharmacophores (pyrazoline and benzoxazole nucleus) in order to design and synthesize a series of novel benzoxazole-based pyrazoline derivatives. The synthesized target compounds were structurally confirmed by LCMS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR analysis. The target compounds were In vitro evaluated against M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain, multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) strains. The In vitro screening results depicted that majority of the target compounds displayed potent activity with MIC in a range of ~0.8 to 6.25 μg/mL. Many compounds were found to be more potent than isoniazid against MDR-TB with MIC value 3.12 μg/mL and XDR-TB with MIC value 12.5 μg/mL. Cytotoxicity assay of these active compounds on VERO cell lines also displayed good selectivity index.展开更多
文摘A study has been carried out in part of Chenab basin,Himalaya to understand the relationship between glacio-morphological factors and change in glacial area. Initially change in areal extent of glaciers was derived for two time frames(1962-2001/02 and 2001/02-2010/11). The study comprised of 324 glaciers for the monitoring period of 1962-2001/02 for,which 11% loss in glacial area was observed. Two hundred and thirty-eight glaciers were further monitored between 2001/02 and 2010/11. These glaciers showed an area loss of 1.1%. The annual deglaciation has been found to be higher during the period of 1962-2001/02 compared to 2001/02-2010/11. The spatial and temporal variability in deglaciation was also addressed usingglacio-morphic parameters. Area,length,percentage of debris cover,and various elevation parameters of glaciers were observed to have significant controls on relationships to the rate of glacial shrinkage. Largerarea and longer glaciers show a lower percentage of retreat than smaller and shorter ones. Moreover,glaciers located at lower altitudes and having gentle slopes show more area retreat. The results of area retreat in debris covered and debris free glaciers supports that the glaciers covered by debris retard ice melting at some extent. 158 glaciers were observed having no debris cover,and these exhibit 14% of loss in surface area. In glaciers having 40% debris cover,8% of deglaciation was observed. The glaciers located below equilibrium line altitude(ELA) have experienced 4.6% of deglaciation for the time frame 2001/02 – 2010/11 whereas it was found to be 1.1% for the glaciers occurring above ELA. However,theorientation of glaciers did not show any considerable influence on glacial change based on hypothesis.
文摘A novel, fast, sensitive and robust method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-ESI-MS/MS） has been developed to separate two Tibolone stereoisomers i.e., 3α-Hydroxy Tibolone and 3β-Hydroxy Tibolone and to quantify 3α-Hydroxy Tibolone using p-toulenesulfonyl isocyanate （PTSI） as a derivatizing reagent in human plasma. 3α-Hydroxy Tibolone-13CD3 was used as an internal standard （IS）. The analyte and IS were extracted from human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate. Extracted samples were analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Chromatography was performed using binary gradient on UPLC analytical column. A linear calibration curve over the range of 0.100-35.000 ng/ mL was obtained and lower limit of quantification （LLOQ） was 0.100 ng/mL demonstrating acceptable accuracy and precision. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in order to compare a test Tibolone 2.5 mg formulation vs. a reference 2.5 mg Tibolone tablet formulation in 50 post-menopausal/surgical menopause female human volunteers under fasting conditions. It is concluded that test formulation of Tibolone is bioequivalent to reference formulation of Tibolone.
文摘The areal extent of many Himalayan glaciers is decreasing where number of glaciers is increasing. This increasing number is subject to the fragmentation of limbs of main trunk glacier. However, disintegration of limbs is not observed in all the glacier system. This paper emphases the scenario of the fragmentation occurred in glaciers. Two glaciers from the two different basins have been taken into the consideration for this study. The peculiar characteristic of these glaciers is that, the tributary glaciers are showing less retreat in compare to main trunk glaciers. Due to this reason the rate of shift in snout is higher in main trunk glaciers than tributary glaciers. However, in recent data the tributary glaciers have experienced little higher loss in glacial ice than main glacier. But the shift of snout in main trunk glacier is no doubt surprising since past. Therefore, various parameters have been examined to identify the cause of such a behavior of glaciers. The common factors observed in both the glaciers are accumulation area ratio which is higher, snow line altitude which is lower in tributary glaciers for the period of 2005-2013. Another factor is the orientation as tributary glaciers are towards NE direction. In addition, slope of Dharlang glacier (main limb) is 4? where it is 18? in tributary glacier.
文摘A series of pyrazoline-based new heterocycles have recently been synthesized from our group where some of the compounds display potent anti-tubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. In order to further explore the potency of the compounds, quantitative structure activity relationship study is carried out using genetic function approximation. Statistically significant (r2 = 0.85) and predictive (r2pred=0.89 and r2m=0.74)?QSAR models are developed. It is evident from the QSAR study that majority of the anti-tubercular activity is found to be driven by lipophilicity. Also, molecular solubility, Jurs and shadow descriptors influence the biological activity significantly. Also, positive contribution of molecular shadow descriptors suggests that molecules with bulkier substituents are more likely to enhance anti-tubercular activity. Since the developed QSAR models are found to be statistically significant and predictive, they potentially can be applied for predicting anti-tubercular activity of new molecules for prioritization of molecules for synthesis.
文摘Various recent reports on Tuberculosis have alarmed an increase in the patient class and subsequent death rates across the globe. Over and above the spread of more dangerous and fatal forms of tuberculosis like MDR-TB i.e. multiple-drug resistance tuberculosis, XDR-TB i.e. extensively-drug resistance tuberculosis & TDR-TB i.e. total-drug resistance tuberculosis has forwarded an urgent need to discover novel antitubercular agents. The current work is aimed at combining two previously well-known pharmacophores (pyrazoline and benzoxazole nucleus) in order to design and synthesize a series of novel benzoxazole-based pyrazoline derivatives. The synthesized target compounds were structurally confirmed by LCMS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR analysis. The target compounds were In vitro evaluated against M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain, multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) strains. The In vitro screening results depicted that majority of the target compounds displayed potent activity with MIC in a range of ~0.8 to 6.25 μg/mL. Many compounds were found to be more potent than isoniazid against MDR-TB with MIC value 3.12 μg/mL and XDR-TB with MIC value 12.5 μg/mL. Cytotoxicity assay of these active compounds on VERO cell lines also displayed good selectivity index.
