Syzygium cumini Linn.,commonly known as Jamun,is a member of the Myrtaceae family and is also referred to by synonyms such as Eugenia djouant Perr.,Eugenia cumini,Eugenia jambolana Lam.,Syzygium jambolana Lam.,and Myr...Syzygium cumini Linn.,commonly known as Jamun,is a member of the Myrtaceae family and is also referred to by synonyms such as Eugenia djouant Perr.,Eugenia cumini,Eugenia jambolana Lam.,Syzygium jambolana Lam.,and Myrtus cumini Linn.This review provides an overview of its medicinal value,including taxonomical classification,geographic distribution,cultivation techniques,pharmacognostical aspects,phytochemical constituents,traditional uses,and pharmacological applications.In India,‘Ram Jamun’or‘Raja Jamun’is cultivated in the north,while the‘Paras’variety is grown in central regions.Various components of S.cumini fruits are utilized to enhance the nutritional quality of wines,jellies,jams,and fermented products.Rich in essential nutrients like vitamins,carbohydrates,minerals,antioxidants,and anthocyanins,S.cumini also contains bioactive phytoconstituents such as gallic acid,tannins,and polyphenols,which contribute to its pharmacological properties.Traditionally,black plums have been used as carminatives,diuretics,and remedies for stomach ailments,spleen enlargement,diarrhea,and urinary retention.Additionally,S.cumini has been historically administered to women post-abortion and is recognized for its role in managing diabetes and dysentery.Polyphenolic compounds in Jamun exhibit potential therapeutic benefits against diabetes,arthritis,cancer,asthma,and cardiovascular diseases.Given its promising ethnopharmacological profile,extensive research has been conducted on various plant parts,highlighting their antioxidant,antifungal,antibacterial,antidiabetic,and anticancer properties.This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of Syzygium cumini’s traditional and therapeutic significance,serving as a valuable resource for future research.展开更多
Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that causes multiple challenges in behavioral and communication activities.In the medical field,the data related to ASD,the security measures are ...Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that causes multiple challenges in behavioral and communication activities.In the medical field,the data related to ASD,the security measures are integrated in this research responsibly and effectively to develop the Mobile Neuron Attention Stage-by-Stage Network(MNASNet)model,which is the integration of both Mobile Network(MobileNet)and Neuron Attention Stage-by-Stage.The steps followed to detect ASD with privacy-preserved data are data normalization,data augmentation,and K-Anonymization.The clinical data of individuals are taken initially and preprocessed using the Z-score Normalization.Then,data augmentation is performed using the oversampling technique.Subsequently,K-Anonymization is effectuated by utilizing the Black-winged Kite Algorithm to ensure the privacy of medical data,where the best fitness solution is based on data utility and privacy.Finally,after improving the data privacy,the developed approach MNASNet is implemented for ASD detection,which achieves highly accurate results compared to traditional methods to detect autism behavior.Hence,the final results illustrate that the proposed MNASNet achieves an accuracy of 92.9%,TPR of 95.9%,and TNR of 90.9%at the k-samples of 8.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gallbladder mucocele,also known as gallbladder hydrops,is a rare condition characterized by the distention of the gallbladder due to the accumulation of fluid or mucus within its lumen,primarily attributed ...BACKGROUND Gallbladder mucocele,also known as gallbladder hydrops,is a rare condition characterized by the distention of the gallbladder due to the accumulation of fluid or mucus within its lumen,primarily attributed to obstruction arising from a gallstone in the cystic duct or gallbladder neck.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of a 67-year-old woman with an incidentally discovered gallbladder mucocele,shedding light on the clinical presentation,causes,and histopathological findings.We performed a literature review including an analysis of 27 case reports,revealing the diverse spectrum of causative factors,clinical manifestations,diagnosis,and management.CONCLUSION This study underscores the importance of considering alternative diagnoses and highlights the significance of imaging techniques in narrowing down the differential diagnosis and histopathologic examination for a definitive diagnosis.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:Whole brain radiotherapy(WBRT)provides benefit for patients with b rain metastases but may result in neurological toxicity for patien ts with extended survival times.Ste reotactic radiosurgery in combination...OBJECTIVE:Whole brain radiotherapy(WBRT)provides benefit for patients with b rain metastases but may result in neurological toxicity for patien ts with extended survival times.Ste reotactic radiosurgery in combination with WBRT has become an important approach,but the value of WBRT has been questioned.As an alternative to WBRT,we managed patients with stereotactic radiosurgery alone,evaluated pati ents’outcomes,and assessed prognostic factors for survival and tumor c ontrol.METHODS:One hundred seventy-two patients with b rain metastases were managed with ra diosurgery alone.One hundred twent y-one patients were evaluable with follow-up imaging after radiosurgery.The median patien t age was 60.5years(age range,16-86yr).The mean marginal tumor dose and volume were 18.5Gy (range,11-22Gy )and 4.4ml (range,0.1-24.9ml ).Eighty percent of patients had soli tary tumors.RESULTS:The overall median survival time was8months.The median survival time in patients with no evidence of primary tumor disease or stable disease was 13and 11months.The local tumor contr ol rate was 87%.At 2years,the rate of local control,remote brain control,and total intr acranial control were 75%,41%,and 27%,respectively.In multivariate a nalysis,advanced primary tumor status(P=0.0003),older age(P=0.008),lower Karnofsky Performance Scale score(P=0.01),and malignant melanoma (P=0.005)were significant for poorer surviva l.The median survival time was 28mon ths for patients younger than 60years of age,with Karnofsky Performance Scale score o f at least 90,and whose primary tumor status showed either no evidence of disease or stable disease.Tumor volume (P=0.02)alone was significant for local tumo r control,whereas no factor affecte d remote or intracranial tumor contr ol.Eleven patients developed complica tions,six of which were persistent.Nineteen(16.5%)of 116patients in whom the cause of death was obtained died as a result of cause s related to brain metastasis.CONCLUSION:Brain metastases were controlled we ll with radiosurgery alone as initial thera py.We advocate that WBRT should not be part of the initial treatment proto col for selected patients with one or two tumors with good control of their primary cancer,better Karnofsky Performance Scale score,and you nger age,all of which are predictors of longer展开更多
AIM: To determine whether normal genetically immunocompetent rodent hosts could be manipulated to accept human hepatocyte transplants with long term survival without immunosuppression. METHODS: Tolerance towards human...AIM: To determine whether normal genetically immunocompetent rodent hosts could be manipulated to accept human hepatocyte transplants with long term survival without immunosuppression. METHODS: Tolerance towards human hepatocytes was established by injection of primary human hepatocytes or Huh7 human hepatoma cells into the peritoneal cavities of fetal rats. Corresponding cells were subsequently transplanted into newborn rats via intrasplenic injection within 24h after birth. RESULTS: Mixed lymphocyte assays showed that spleen cells from non-tolerized rats were stimulated to proliferate when exposed to human hepatocytes, while cells from tolerized rats were not. Injections made between 15 d and 17 d of gestation produced optimal tolerization. Transplanted human hepatocytes in rat livers were visualized by immunohistochemical staining of human albumin. By dot blotting of genomic DNA in livers of tolerized rats 16 weeks after hepatocyte transplantation, it was found that approximately 2.5 X 10(5) human hepatocytes survived per rat liver. Human albumin mRNA was detected in rat livers by RT-PCR for 15 wk, and human albumin protein was also detectable in rat serum. CONCLUSION: Tolerization of an immuno-competent rat can permit transplantation, and survival of functional human hepatocytes.展开更多
AIM:To examine whether acupuncture can prevent prolonged postoperative ileus(PPOI)after intraperitoneal surgery for colon cancer. METHODS:Ninety patients were recruited from the Fudan University Cancer Hospital,Shangh...AIM:To examine whether acupuncture can prevent prolonged postoperative ileus(PPOI)after intraperitoneal surgery for colon cancer. METHODS:Ninety patients were recruited from the Fudan University Cancer Hospital,Shanghai,China. After surgery,patients were randomized to receive acupuncture(once daily,starting on postoperative day 1, for up to six consecutive days)or usual care.PPOI was defined as an inability to pass flatus or have a bowel movement by 96 h after surgery.The main outcomes were time to first flatus,time to first bowel movement, and electrogastroenterography.Secondary outcomes were quality of life(QOL)measures,including pain, nausea,insomnia,abdominal distension/fullness,and sense of well-being. RESULTS:No significant differences in PPOI on day 4 (P=0.71)or QOL measures were found between the groups.There were also no group differences when the data were analyzed by examining those whose PPOI had resolved by day 5(P=0.69)or day 6(P= 0.88).No adverse events related to acupuncture were reported. CONCLUSION:Acupuncture did not prevent PPOI andwas not useful for treating PPOI once it had developed in this population.展开更多
Esophageal cancer is the 7th leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide.While squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent histology internationally,adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus accounts for nearly 50% of cas...Esophageal cancer is the 7th leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide.While squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent histology internationally,adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus accounts for nearly 50% of cases in developed countries due to the differences in the etiologic factors such as gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) and obesity that predominate.While surgery is the mainstay of treatment of this disease,the utilization of chemoradiation,eitherused postoperatively or neoadjuvantly,has become a standard practice in the United States.What is the optimal management approach is still an area of contention,however,and may be different in different regions around the world.This article reviews some of these controversies,including the role for surgery in patients treated with definitive chemoradiation.At the end,we will also outline recommendations regarding radiotherapy procedures and techniques.展开更多
AIM：To evaluate the diagnostic role of serum RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation in gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma. METHODS：Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction （MSPCR） was used to examine the promo...AIM：To evaluate the diagnostic role of serum RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation in gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma. METHODS：Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction （MSPCR） was used to examine the promoter methylation status of the serum RASSF1A gene in 47 gastric adenocarcinoma patients, 45 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients, 60 patients with benign gastrointestinal disease （30 with benign gastric disease and 30 with benign colorectal disease）, and 30 healthy donor controls. Apaired study of RASSF1A promoter methylation status in primary tumor, adjacent normal tissue, and postopertive serum were conducted in 25 gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma patients who later were underwent surgical therapy. RESULTS：The frequencies of detection of serum RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation in gastric （34.0%） and colorectal （28.9%） adenocarcinoma patients were significantly higher than those in patients with benign gastric （3.3%） or colorectal （6.7%） disease or in healthy donors （0%） （P 〈 0.01）. The methylation status of RASSF1A promoter in serum samples was consistent with that in paired primary tumors, and the MSPCR results for RASSF1A promoter methylation status in paired preoperative samples were consistent with those in postoperative serum samples. The serum RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation did not correlate with patient sex, age, tumor differentiation grade, surgical therapy, or serum carcinoembryonic antigen level. Although the serum RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation frequency tended to be higher in patients with distant metastases, there was no correlation between methylation status and metastasis. CONCLUSION：Aberrant CpG island methylation within the promoter region of RASSF1A is a promising biomarker for gastric and colorectal cancer.展开更多
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and has an incidence that is rising faster than any other solid tumor. Metastatic melanoma treatment has considerably progressed in the past five years with the introducti...Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and has an incidence that is rising faster than any other solid tumor. Metastatic melanoma treatment has considerably progressed in the past five years with the introduction of targeted therapy(BRAF and MEK inhibitors) and immune checkpoint blockade(anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1). However, each treatment modality has limitations. Treatment with targeted therapy has been associated with a high response rate, but with short-term responses. Conversely, treatment with immune checkpoint blockade has a lower response rate, but with longterm responses. Targeted therapy affects antitumor immunity, and synergy may exist when targeted therapy is combined with immunotherapy. This article presents a brief review of the rationale and evidence for the potential synergy between targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade. Challenges and directions for future studies are also proposed.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a class of highly abundant non-coding RNA molecules that are involved in several biological processes.Many miRNAs are often deregulated in several diseases including cancer.There is substantial i...MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a class of highly abundant non-coding RNA molecules that are involved in several biological processes.Many miRNAs are often deregulated in several diseases including cancer.There is substantial interest in exploiting miRNAs for therapeutic applications.In this editorial,we briefly review current advances in the use of miRNAs or antisense oligonucleotides(antagomirs) for such therapies.One of the key issues related to therapy using miRNAs is degradation of naked particles in vivo.To overcome this limitation,delivery systems for miRNA-based therapeutic agents have been developed,which hold tremendous potential for improving therapeutic outcome of cancer patients.展开更多
Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of the liver is slowly transitioning from a problem solving imaging modality to a first line imaging modality for many diseases of the liver.The well established advantages of MRI over ...Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of the liver is slowly transitioning from a problem solving imaging modality to a first line imaging modality for many diseases of the liver.The well established advantages of MRI over other cross sectional imaging modalities may be the basis for this transition.Technological advancements in MRI that focus on producing high quality images and fast imaging,increasing diagnostic accuracy and developing newer function-specific contrast agents are essential in ensuring that MRI succeeds as a first line imaging modality.Newer imaging techniques,such as parallel imaging,are widely utilized to shorten scanning time.Diffusion weighted echo planar imaging,an adaptation from neuroimaging,is fast becoming a routine part of the MRI liver protocol to improve lesion detection and characterization of focal liver lesions.Contrast enhanced dynamic T1 weighted imaging is crucial in complete evaluation of diseases and the merit of this dynamic imaging relies heavily on the appropriate timing of the contrast injection.Newer techniques that include fluorotriggered contrast enhanced MRI,an adaptation from 3D MRA imaging,are utilized to achieve good bolus timing that will allow for optimum scanning.For accurate interpretation of liver diseases,good understanding of the newer imaging techniques and familiarity with typical imaging features of liver diseases are essential.In this review,MR sequences for a time efficient liver MRI protocol utilizing newer imaging techniques are discussed and an overview of imaging features of selected common focal and diffuse liver diseases are presented.展开更多
Acute myeloid leukemia （AML） is characterized by the accumulation of circulating immature blasts that exhibit uncontrolled growth, lack the ability to undergo normal differentiation, and have decreased sensitivity t...Acute myeloid leukemia （AML） is characterized by the accumulation of circulating immature blasts that exhibit uncontrolled growth, lack the ability to undergo normal differentiation, and have decreased sensitivity to apoptosis. Accumulating evidence shows the bone marrow （BM） niche is critical to the maintenance and retention of hematopoietic stem cells （HSC）, including leukemia stem cells （LSC）, and an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that crosstalk between LSC and the stromal cells associated with this niche greatly influences leukemia initiation, progression, and response to therapy. Undeniably, stromal cells in the BM niche provide a sanctuary in which LSC can acquire a drug-resistant phenotype and thereby evade chemotherapy- induced death. Yin and Yang, the ancient Chinese philosophical concept, vividly portrays the intricate and dynamic interactions between LSC and the BM niche. In fact, LSC-induced microenvironmental reprogramming contributes significantly to leukemogenesis. Thus, identifying the critical signaling pathways involved in these interactions will contribute to target optimization and combinatorial drug treatment strategies to overcome acquired drug resistance and prevent relapse following therapy. In this review, we describe some of the critical signaling pathways mediating BM niche-LSC interaction, including SDFI/CXCL12, Wnt/β-catenin, VCAM/VLA-4/NF-κB, CD44, and hypoxia as a newly-recognized physical determinant of resistance, and outline therapeutic strategies for overcoming these resistance factors.展开更多
AIM:Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and endoanal ultrasound which are established imaging methods for perianal inflammatory lesions in patients with Crohn's disease require expensive specialized equipments a...AIM:Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and endoanal ultrasound which are established imaging methods for perianal inflammatory lesions in patients with Crohn's disease require expensive specialized equipments and expertise.We investigated the feasibility and sensitivity of transcutaneous perianal ultrasound(PAUS)using regular ultrasound probes in the imaging of perianal inflammatory lesions.The sonographic findings were correlated to pelvic MR]-scans. METHODS:We performed PAUS in 25 patients with Crohn's disease and clinical signs of perianal inflammatory disease. Wibhin a median of 10 d(range 0-75)these patients underwent MRI of the pelvis.Regular convex and linear high resolution probes were used for PAUS.The sonographic findings were correlated to the MRI findings by blinded investigators. RESULTS:The sonographic investigations were well tolerated by all patients.Fistulae typically presented as hypoechoic tracks.Twenty-nine fistulae were detected in 22 patients.Abscesses were detected in 7 patients and presented as hypo-or anechoic formations.Twenty-six of 29 fistulae and 6 of 7 abscesses could be confirmed by MRI.Kappa statistics showed an excellent agreement (kappa>0.83)between the two imaging methods. CONCLUSION:PAUS is a simple,painless,feasible,real- time method that can be performed without specific patient preparation which is comparable in its sensitivity to pelvic MRI in the detection of perianal fistulae and/or abscesses. PAUS can especially be recommended as a screening tool in acute perianal disorders such as perianal abscess and for follow-up studies of perianal inflammatory disease.展开更多
The applications of intelligent techniques have increased exponentially in recent days to study most of the non-linear parameters. In particular, the behavior of earth resembles the non- linearity applications. An eff...The applications of intelligent techniques have increased exponentially in recent days to study most of the non-linear parameters. In particular, the behavior of earth resembles the non- linearity applications. An efficient tool is needed for the interpretation of geophysical parameters to study the subsurface of the earth. Artificial Neural Networks （ANN） perform certain tasks if the structure of the network is modified accordingly for the purpose it has been used. The three most robust networks were taken and comparatively analyzed for their performance to choose the appropriate network. The single- layer feed-forward neural network with the back propagation algorithm is chosen as one of the well- suited networks after comparing the results. Initially, certain synthetic data sets of all three-layer curves have been taken tk^r training the network, and the network is validated by the field datasets collected from Tuticorin Coastal Region （78°7＇30＂E and 8°48＇45＂N）, Tamil Nadu, India. The interpretation has been done successfully using the corresponding learning algorithm in the present study. With proper training of back propagation networks, it tends to give the resistivity and thickness of the subsurface layer model of the field resistivity data concerning the synthetic data trained earlier in the appropriate network. The network is trained with more Vertical Electrical Sounding （VES） data, and this trained network is demon- strated by the field data. Groundwater table depth also has been modeled.展开更多
Diabetes-induced oxidative stress plays a critical role in the mobilisation of endothelial progenitor cells （EPCs） from the bone marrow to the circulation. This study was designed to explore the effects of chronic m...Diabetes-induced oxidative stress plays a critical role in the mobilisation of endothelial progenitor cells （EPCs） from the bone marrow to the circulation. This study was designed to explore the effects of chronic melatonin administration on the promotion of the mobilisation of EPCs and on the preservation of erectile function in type I diabetic rats. Melatonin was administered to streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats. EPCs levels were determined using flow cytometry. Oxidative stress in the bone marrow was indicated by the levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde. Erectile function was evaluated by measuring the intracavernous pressure during an electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve. The density of the endothelium and the proportions of smooth muscle and collagen in the corpus cavernosum were determined by immunohistochemistry. The administration of melatonin increased the superoxide dismutase level and decreased the malondialdehyde level in the bone marrow. This effect was accompanied by an increased level of circulating EPCs in the diabetic rats. The intracavernous pressure to mean arterial pressure ratio of the rats in the treatment group was significantly greater, compared with diabetic control rats. The histological analysis demonstrated an increase in the endothelial density of the corpus cavernosum after the administration of melatonin. However, melatonin treatment did not change the proportions of smooth muscle and collagen in the corpus cavernosum of diabetic rats. Chronic administration of melatonin has a beneficial effect on preventing erectile dysfunction （ED） in type I diabetic rats. Promoting the mobilisation of EPCs is one of the possible mechanisms involved in the improvement of ED.展开更多
Chinese researchers and physicians are being increasingly recognized for their significant contributions to advancing biomedical research, including cancer research, in China and around the world.To facilitate and str...Chinese researchers and physicians are being increasingly recognized for their significant contributions to advancing biomedical research, including cancer research, in China and around the world.To facilitate and strengthen collaboration among cancer researchers and physicians in the United States and China, the US Chinese Anti-Cancer Association (USCACA) and the US National Foundation for Cancer Research (NFCR) have established the USCACA-NFCR Scholar Exchange and Fellowship Program in basic, translational, and clinical studies.The goal of this joint scholar program is to recognize and reward research excellence by Chinese cancer researchers.Recipients are honored with the USCACA-NFCR Scholar Excellence Award for their achievements in cancer research performed while they were in the United States, as well as contributions to eradicating human cancers after their return to China.展开更多
Flexible biosensors with high accuracy and reliable operation in detecting pH and uric acid levels in body fluids are fabricated using well-engineered metaldoped porous carbon as electrode material.The gold nanopartic...Flexible biosensors with high accuracy and reliable operation in detecting pH and uric acid levels in body fluids are fabricated using well-engineered metaldoped porous carbon as electrode material.The gold nanoparticles@N-doped carbon in situ are prepared using wool keratin as both a novel carbon precursor and a stabilizer.The conducting electrode material is fabricated at 500℃ under customized parameters,which mimics A-B type(two different repeating units) polymeric material and displays excellent deprotonation performance(pH sensitivity).The obtained pH sensor exhibits high pH sensitivity of 57 mV/pH unit and insignificant relative standard deviation of 0.088%.Conversely,the composite carbon material with sp^2 structure prepared at 700℃ is doped with nitrogen and gold nanoparticles,which exhibits good conductivity and electrocatalytic activity for uric acid oxidation.The uric acid sensor has linear response over a range of 1-150 μM and a limit of detection 0.1 μM.These results will provide new avenues where biological material will be the best start,which can be useful to target contradictory applications through molecular engineering at mesoscale.展开更多
The aggressive and invasive nature of brain tumors has hampered progress in the design and implementation of efficacious therapies. The recent success of targeted therapies in other tumor types makes this an attractiv...The aggressive and invasive nature of brain tumors has hampered progress in the design and implementation of efficacious therapies. The recent success of targeted therapies in other tumor types makes this an attractive area for research yet complicating matters is the ability of brain tumors to circumvent the targeted pathways to develop drug resistance. Effective therapies will likely need to target more than one signaling pathway or target multiple nodes within a given pathway. Key to identifying these targets is the elucidation of the driver and passenger molecules within these pathways. Animal models provide a useful tool with many advantages in the study of these pathways. These models provide a means to dissect the critical components of tumorigenesis, as well as serve as agents for preclinical testing. This review focuses on the use of the RCAS/tv-a mouse model of brain tumors and describes their unique ability to provide insight into the role of oncogene cooperation in tumor development and progression.展开更多
Mouse models of cancer enable researchers to learn about tumor biology in complicated and dynamic physiological systems. Since the development of gene targeting in mice, cancer biologists have been among the most freq...Mouse models of cancer enable researchers to learn about tumor biology in complicated and dynamic physiological systems. Since the development of gene targeting in mice, cancer biologists have been among the most frequent users of transgenic mouse models, which have dramatically increased knowledge about how cancers form and grow. The Chinese Journal of Cancer will publish a series of papers reporting the use of mouse models in studying genetic events in cancer cases. This editorial is an overview of the development and applications of mouse models of cancer and directs the reader to upcoming papers describing the use of these models to be published in coming issues, beginning with three articles in the current issue.展开更多
文摘Syzygium cumini Linn.,commonly known as Jamun,is a member of the Myrtaceae family and is also referred to by synonyms such as Eugenia djouant Perr.,Eugenia cumini,Eugenia jambolana Lam.,Syzygium jambolana Lam.,and Myrtus cumini Linn.This review provides an overview of its medicinal value,including taxonomical classification,geographic distribution,cultivation techniques,pharmacognostical aspects,phytochemical constituents,traditional uses,and pharmacological applications.In India,‘Ram Jamun’or‘Raja Jamun’is cultivated in the north,while the‘Paras’variety is grown in central regions.Various components of S.cumini fruits are utilized to enhance the nutritional quality of wines,jellies,jams,and fermented products.Rich in essential nutrients like vitamins,carbohydrates,minerals,antioxidants,and anthocyanins,S.cumini also contains bioactive phytoconstituents such as gallic acid,tannins,and polyphenols,which contribute to its pharmacological properties.Traditionally,black plums have been used as carminatives,diuretics,and remedies for stomach ailments,spleen enlargement,diarrhea,and urinary retention.Additionally,S.cumini has been historically administered to women post-abortion and is recognized for its role in managing diabetes and dysentery.Polyphenolic compounds in Jamun exhibit potential therapeutic benefits against diabetes,arthritis,cancer,asthma,and cardiovascular diseases.Given its promising ethnopharmacological profile,extensive research has been conducted on various plant parts,highlighting their antioxidant,antifungal,antibacterial,antidiabetic,and anticancer properties.This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of Syzygium cumini’s traditional and therapeutic significance,serving as a valuable resource for future research.
文摘Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that causes multiple challenges in behavioral and communication activities.In the medical field,the data related to ASD,the security measures are integrated in this research responsibly and effectively to develop the Mobile Neuron Attention Stage-by-Stage Network(MNASNet)model,which is the integration of both Mobile Network(MobileNet)and Neuron Attention Stage-by-Stage.The steps followed to detect ASD with privacy-preserved data are data normalization,data augmentation,and K-Anonymization.The clinical data of individuals are taken initially and preprocessed using the Z-score Normalization.Then,data augmentation is performed using the oversampling technique.Subsequently,K-Anonymization is effectuated by utilizing the Black-winged Kite Algorithm to ensure the privacy of medical data,where the best fitness solution is based on data utility and privacy.Finally,after improving the data privacy,the developed approach MNASNet is implemented for ASD detection,which achieves highly accurate results compared to traditional methods to detect autism behavior.Hence,the final results illustrate that the proposed MNASNet achieves an accuracy of 92.9%,TPR of 95.9%,and TNR of 90.9%at the k-samples of 8.
文摘BACKGROUND Gallbladder mucocele,also known as gallbladder hydrops,is a rare condition characterized by the distention of the gallbladder due to the accumulation of fluid or mucus within its lumen,primarily attributed to obstruction arising from a gallstone in the cystic duct or gallbladder neck.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of a 67-year-old woman with an incidentally discovered gallbladder mucocele,shedding light on the clinical presentation,causes,and histopathological findings.We performed a literature review including an analysis of 27 case reports,revealing the diverse spectrum of causative factors,clinical manifestations,diagnosis,and management.CONCLUSION This study underscores the importance of considering alternative diagnoses and highlights the significance of imaging techniques in narrowing down the differential diagnosis and histopathologic examination for a definitive diagnosis.
文摘OBJECTIVE:Whole brain radiotherapy(WBRT)provides benefit for patients with b rain metastases but may result in neurological toxicity for patien ts with extended survival times.Ste reotactic radiosurgery in combination with WBRT has become an important approach,but the value of WBRT has been questioned.As an alternative to WBRT,we managed patients with stereotactic radiosurgery alone,evaluated pati ents’outcomes,and assessed prognostic factors for survival and tumor c ontrol.METHODS:One hundred seventy-two patients with b rain metastases were managed with ra diosurgery alone.One hundred twent y-one patients were evaluable with follow-up imaging after radiosurgery.The median patien t age was 60.5years(age range,16-86yr).The mean marginal tumor dose and volume were 18.5Gy (range,11-22Gy )and 4.4ml (range,0.1-24.9ml ).Eighty percent of patients had soli tary tumors.RESULTS:The overall median survival time was8months.The median survival time in patients with no evidence of primary tumor disease or stable disease was 13and 11months.The local tumor contr ol rate was 87%.At 2years,the rate of local control,remote brain control,and total intr acranial control were 75%,41%,and 27%,respectively.In multivariate a nalysis,advanced primary tumor status(P=0.0003),older age(P=0.008),lower Karnofsky Performance Scale score(P=0.01),and malignant melanoma (P=0.005)were significant for poorer surviva l.The median survival time was 28mon ths for patients younger than 60years of age,with Karnofsky Performance Scale score o f at least 90,and whose primary tumor status showed either no evidence of disease or stable disease.Tumor volume (P=0.02)alone was significant for local tumo r control,whereas no factor affecte d remote or intracranial tumor contr ol.Eleven patients developed complica tions,six of which were persistent.Nineteen(16.5%)of 116patients in whom the cause of death was obtained died as a result of cause s related to brain metastasis.CONCLUSION:Brain metastases were controlled we ll with radiosurgery alone as initial thera py.We advocate that WBRT should not be part of the initial treatment proto col for selected patients with one or two tumors with good control of their primary cancer,better Karnofsky Performance Scale score,and you nger age,all of which are predictors of longer
文摘AIM: To determine whether normal genetically immunocompetent rodent hosts could be manipulated to accept human hepatocyte transplants with long term survival without immunosuppression. METHODS: Tolerance towards human hepatocytes was established by injection of primary human hepatocytes or Huh7 human hepatoma cells into the peritoneal cavities of fetal rats. Corresponding cells were subsequently transplanted into newborn rats via intrasplenic injection within 24h after birth. RESULTS: Mixed lymphocyte assays showed that spleen cells from non-tolerized rats were stimulated to proliferate when exposed to human hepatocytes, while cells from tolerized rats were not. Injections made between 15 d and 17 d of gestation produced optimal tolerization. Transplanted human hepatocytes in rat livers were visualized by immunohistochemical staining of human albumin. By dot blotting of genomic DNA in livers of tolerized rats 16 weeks after hepatocyte transplantation, it was found that approximately 2.5 X 10(5) human hepatocytes survived per rat liver. Human albumin mRNA was detected in rat livers by RT-PCR for 15 wk, and human albumin protein was also detectable in rat serum. CONCLUSION: Tolerization of an immuno-competent rat can permit transplantation, and survival of functional human hepatocytes.
基金Supported by US National Cancer Institute (NCI) grants CA108084 and CA12153031
文摘AIM:To examine whether acupuncture can prevent prolonged postoperative ileus(PPOI)after intraperitoneal surgery for colon cancer. METHODS:Ninety patients were recruited from the Fudan University Cancer Hospital,Shanghai,China. After surgery,patients were randomized to receive acupuncture(once daily,starting on postoperative day 1, for up to six consecutive days)or usual care.PPOI was defined as an inability to pass flatus or have a bowel movement by 96 h after surgery.The main outcomes were time to first flatus,time to first bowel movement, and electrogastroenterography.Secondary outcomes were quality of life(QOL)measures,including pain, nausea,insomnia,abdominal distension/fullness,and sense of well-being. RESULTS:No significant differences in PPOI on day 4 (P=0.71)or QOL measures were found between the groups.There were also no group differences when the data were analyzed by examining those whose PPOI had resolved by day 5(P=0.69)or day 6(P= 0.88).No adverse events related to acupuncture were reported. CONCLUSION:Acupuncture did not prevent PPOI andwas not useful for treating PPOI once it had developed in this population.
文摘Esophageal cancer is the 7th leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide.While squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent histology internationally,adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus accounts for nearly 50% of cases in developed countries due to the differences in the etiologic factors such as gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) and obesity that predominate.While surgery is the mainstay of treatment of this disease,the utilization of chemoradiation,eitherused postoperatively or neoadjuvantly,has become a standard practice in the United States.What is the optimal management approach is still an area of contention,however,and may be different in different regions around the world.This article reviews some of these controversies,including the role for surgery in patients treated with definitive chemoradiation.At the end,we will also outline recommendations regarding radiotherapy procedures and techniques.
文摘AIM：To evaluate the diagnostic role of serum RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation in gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma. METHODS：Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction （MSPCR） was used to examine the promoter methylation status of the serum RASSF1A gene in 47 gastric adenocarcinoma patients, 45 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients, 60 patients with benign gastrointestinal disease （30 with benign gastric disease and 30 with benign colorectal disease）, and 30 healthy donor controls. Apaired study of RASSF1A promoter methylation status in primary tumor, adjacent normal tissue, and postopertive serum were conducted in 25 gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma patients who later were underwent surgical therapy. RESULTS：The frequencies of detection of serum RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation in gastric （34.0%） and colorectal （28.9%） adenocarcinoma patients were significantly higher than those in patients with benign gastric （3.3%） or colorectal （6.7%） disease or in healthy donors （0%） （P 〈 0.01）. The methylation status of RASSF1A promoter in serum samples was consistent with that in paired primary tumors, and the MSPCR results for RASSF1A promoter methylation status in paired preoperative samples were consistent with those in postoperative serum samples. The serum RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation did not correlate with patient sex, age, tumor differentiation grade, surgical therapy, or serum carcinoembryonic antigen level. Although the serum RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation frequency tended to be higher in patients with distant metastases, there was no correlation between methylation status and metastasis. CONCLUSION：Aberrant CpG island methylation within the promoter region of RASSF1A is a promising biomarker for gastric and colorectal cancer.
基金NIH grants 1K08CA160692-01A1,U54CA163125-01 and the generous philanthropic support of several families whose lives have been affected by melanoma
文摘Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and has an incidence that is rising faster than any other solid tumor. Metastatic melanoma treatment has considerably progressed in the past five years with the introduction of targeted therapy(BRAF and MEK inhibitors) and immune checkpoint blockade(anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1). However, each treatment modality has limitations. Treatment with targeted therapy has been associated with a high response rate, but with short-term responses. Conversely, treatment with immune checkpoint blockade has a lower response rate, but with longterm responses. Targeted therapy affects antitumor immunity, and synergy may exist when targeted therapy is combined with immunotherapy. This article presents a brief review of the rationale and evidence for the potential synergy between targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade. Challenges and directions for future studies are also proposed.
基金supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health(CA109298,CA110793,CA128797,RC2GM092599,U54 CA151668)Department of Defense(OC073399,OC093146,BC085265)+3 种基金a Program Project Development Grant from the Ovarian Cancer Research Fund,Inc,the Ward Familythe Zarrow Foundationthe Marcus Foundation,the M.D.Anderson Cancer Center SPORE in Ovarian Cancer(P50 CA083639)and Uterine Cancer(P50 CA098258)the Laura and John Arnold Foundation,and the Betty Ann Asche Murray Distinguished Professorship
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a class of highly abundant non-coding RNA molecules that are involved in several biological processes.Many miRNAs are often deregulated in several diseases including cancer.There is substantial interest in exploiting miRNAs for therapeutic applications.In this editorial,we briefly review current advances in the use of miRNAs or antisense oligonucleotides(antagomirs) for such therapies.One of the key issues related to therapy using miRNAs is degradation of naked particles in vivo.To overcome this limitation,delivery systems for miRNA-based therapeutic agents have been developed,which hold tremendous potential for improving therapeutic outcome of cancer patients.
文摘Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of the liver is slowly transitioning from a problem solving imaging modality to a first line imaging modality for many diseases of the liver.The well established advantages of MRI over other cross sectional imaging modalities may be the basis for this transition.Technological advancements in MRI that focus on producing high quality images and fast imaging,increasing diagnostic accuracy and developing newer function-specific contrast agents are essential in ensuring that MRI succeeds as a first line imaging modality.Newer imaging techniques,such as parallel imaging,are widely utilized to shorten scanning time.Diffusion weighted echo planar imaging,an adaptation from neuroimaging,is fast becoming a routine part of the MRI liver protocol to improve lesion detection and characterization of focal liver lesions.Contrast enhanced dynamic T1 weighted imaging is crucial in complete evaluation of diseases and the merit of this dynamic imaging relies heavily on the appropriate timing of the contrast injection.Newer techniques that include fluorotriggered contrast enhanced MRI,an adaptation from 3D MRA imaging,are utilized to achieve good bolus timing that will allow for optimum scanning.For accurate interpretation of liver diseases,good understanding of the newer imaging techniques and familiarity with typical imaging features of liver diseases are essential.In this review,MR sequences for a time efficient liver MRI protocol utilizing newer imaging techniques are discussed and an overview of imaging features of selected common focal and diffuse liver diseases are presented.
基金funding from Guangzhou Pearl River of Science & Technology New Star (Grant No. 2011J2200069)supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (Grant No. P01 CA055164)+2 种基金MD Anderson Cancer Center Support (Grant No. CA016672)the Paul and Mary Haas Chair in Genetics to Michael Andreeffby the University Cancer Foundation via the Institutional Research Grant program at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center to Bing Z. Carter
文摘Acute myeloid leukemia （AML） is characterized by the accumulation of circulating immature blasts that exhibit uncontrolled growth, lack the ability to undergo normal differentiation, and have decreased sensitivity to apoptosis. Accumulating evidence shows the bone marrow （BM） niche is critical to the maintenance and retention of hematopoietic stem cells （HSC）, including leukemia stem cells （LSC）, and an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that crosstalk between LSC and the stromal cells associated with this niche greatly influences leukemia initiation, progression, and response to therapy. Undeniably, stromal cells in the BM niche provide a sanctuary in which LSC can acquire a drug-resistant phenotype and thereby evade chemotherapy- induced death. Yin and Yang, the ancient Chinese philosophical concept, vividly portrays the intricate and dynamic interactions between LSC and the BM niche. In fact, LSC-induced microenvironmental reprogramming contributes significantly to leukemogenesis. Thus, identifying the critical signaling pathways involved in these interactions will contribute to target optimization and combinatorial drug treatment strategies to overcome acquired drug resistance and prevent relapse following therapy. In this review, we describe some of the critical signaling pathways mediating BM niche-LSC interaction, including SDFI/CXCL12, Wnt/β-catenin, VCAM/VLA-4/NF-κB, CD44, and hypoxia as a newly-recognized physical determinant of resistance, and outline therapeutic strategies for overcoming these resistance factors.
文摘AIM:Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and endoanal ultrasound which are established imaging methods for perianal inflammatory lesions in patients with Crohn's disease require expensive specialized equipments and expertise.We investigated the feasibility and sensitivity of transcutaneous perianal ultrasound(PAUS)using regular ultrasound probes in the imaging of perianal inflammatory lesions.The sonographic findings were correlated to pelvic MR]-scans. METHODS:We performed PAUS in 25 patients with Crohn's disease and clinical signs of perianal inflammatory disease. Wibhin a median of 10 d(range 0-75)these patients underwent MRI of the pelvis.Regular convex and linear high resolution probes were used for PAUS.The sonographic findings were correlated to the MRI findings by blinded investigators. RESULTS:The sonographic investigations were well tolerated by all patients.Fistulae typically presented as hypoechoic tracks.Twenty-nine fistulae were detected in 22 patients.Abscesses were detected in 7 patients and presented as hypo-or anechoic formations.Twenty-six of 29 fistulae and 6 of 7 abscesses could be confirmed by MRI.Kappa statistics showed an excellent agreement (kappa>0.83)between the two imaging methods. CONCLUSION:PAUS is a simple,painless,feasible,real- time method that can be performed without specific patient preparation which is comparable in its sensitivity to pelvic MRI in the detection of perianal fistulae and/or abscesses. PAUS can especially be recommended as a screening tool in acute perianal disorders such as perianal abscess and for follow-up studies of perianal inflammatory disease.
文摘The applications of intelligent techniques have increased exponentially in recent days to study most of the non-linear parameters. In particular, the behavior of earth resembles the non- linearity applications. An efficient tool is needed for the interpretation of geophysical parameters to study the subsurface of the earth. Artificial Neural Networks （ANN） perform certain tasks if the structure of the network is modified accordingly for the purpose it has been used. The three most robust networks were taken and comparatively analyzed for their performance to choose the appropriate network. The single- layer feed-forward neural network with the back propagation algorithm is chosen as one of the well- suited networks after comparing the results. Initially, certain synthetic data sets of all three-layer curves have been taken tk^r training the network, and the network is validated by the field datasets collected from Tuticorin Coastal Region （78°7＇30＂E and 8°48＇45＂N）, Tamil Nadu, India. The interpretation has been done successfully using the corresponding learning algorithm in the present study. With proper training of back propagation networks, it tends to give the resistivity and thickness of the subsurface layer model of the field resistivity data concerning the synthetic data trained earlier in the appropriate network. The network is trained with more Vertical Electrical Sounding （VES） data, and this trained network is demon- strated by the field data. Groundwater table depth also has been modeled.
文摘Diabetes-induced oxidative stress plays a critical role in the mobilisation of endothelial progenitor cells （EPCs） from the bone marrow to the circulation. This study was designed to explore the effects of chronic melatonin administration on the promotion of the mobilisation of EPCs and on the preservation of erectile function in type I diabetic rats. Melatonin was administered to streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats. EPCs levels were determined using flow cytometry. Oxidative stress in the bone marrow was indicated by the levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde. Erectile function was evaluated by measuring the intracavernous pressure during an electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve. The density of the endothelium and the proportions of smooth muscle and collagen in the corpus cavernosum were determined by immunohistochemistry. The administration of melatonin increased the superoxide dismutase level and decreased the malondialdehyde level in the bone marrow. This effect was accompanied by an increased level of circulating EPCs in the diabetic rats. The intracavernous pressure to mean arterial pressure ratio of the rats in the treatment group was significantly greater, compared with diabetic control rats. The histological analysis demonstrated an increase in the endothelial density of the corpus cavernosum after the administration of melatonin. However, melatonin treatment did not change the proportions of smooth muscle and collagen in the corpus cavernosum of diabetic rats. Chronic administration of melatonin has a beneficial effect on preventing erectile dysfunction （ED） in type I diabetic rats. Promoting the mobilisation of EPCs is one of the possible mechanisms involved in the improvement of ED.
文摘Chinese researchers and physicians are being increasingly recognized for their significant contributions to advancing biomedical research, including cancer research, in China and around the world.To facilitate and strengthen collaboration among cancer researchers and physicians in the United States and China, the US Chinese Anti-Cancer Association (USCACA) and the US National Foundation for Cancer Research (NFCR) have established the USCACA-NFCR Scholar Exchange and Fellowship Program in basic, translational, and clinical studies.The goal of this joint scholar program is to recognize and reward research excellence by Chinese cancer researchers.Recipients are honored with the USCACA-NFCR Scholar Excellence Award for their achievements in cancer research performed while they were in the United States, as well as contributions to eradicating human cancers after their return to China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51502253,U1405226,21503175,51773171,and 21705135)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2016A030310369)+5 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2017J01104)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant Nos.20720160127 and 20720180013)Doctoral Fund of the Ministry of Education(Grant No.20130121110018)NUS Ac RF Tier 1(Grant No.R-144-000-367-112)the “111” Project(Grant No.B16029)the 1000 Talents Program funding from the Xiamen University。
文摘Flexible biosensors with high accuracy and reliable operation in detecting pH and uric acid levels in body fluids are fabricated using well-engineered metaldoped porous carbon as electrode material.The gold nanoparticles@N-doped carbon in situ are prepared using wool keratin as both a novel carbon precursor and a stabilizer.The conducting electrode material is fabricated at 500℃ under customized parameters,which mimics A-B type(two different repeating units) polymeric material and displays excellent deprotonation performance(pH sensitivity).The obtained pH sensor exhibits high pH sensitivity of 57 mV/pH unit and insignificant relative standard deviation of 0.088%.Conversely,the composite carbon material with sp^2 structure prepared at 700℃ is doped with nitrogen and gold nanoparticles,which exhibits good conductivity and electrocatalytic activity for uric acid oxidation.The uric acid sensor has linear response over a range of 1-150 μM and a limit of detection 0.1 μM.These results will provide new avenues where biological material will be the best start,which can be useful to target contradictory applications through molecular engineering at mesoscale.
基金the National Institutes of Health(NIH),the Texas Higher Education Coordination Board,and the Goldhirsh Foundation for supporting our research using the RCAS mouse modelLynette Mooreis supported by an American Cancer Society Postdoctoral FellowshipKristen Holmes is supportedby the NIH Pharmacoinformatic Training Grantfellow ship
文摘The aggressive and invasive nature of brain tumors has hampered progress in the design and implementation of efficacious therapies. The recent success of targeted therapies in other tumor types makes this an attractive area for research yet complicating matters is the ability of brain tumors to circumvent the targeted pathways to develop drug resistance. Effective therapies will likely need to target more than one signaling pathway or target multiple nodes within a given pathway. Key to identifying these targets is the elucidation of the driver and passenger molecules within these pathways. Animal models provide a useful tool with many advantages in the study of these pathways. These models provide a means to dissect the critical components of tumorigenesis, as well as serve as agents for preclinical testing. This review focuses on the use of the RCAS/tv-a mouse model of brain tumors and describes their unique ability to provide insight into the role of oncogene cooperation in tumor development and progression.
基金supported in part by the National Institutes of Health through MD Anderson's Cancer Center Support Grant CA016672
文摘Mouse models of cancer enable researchers to learn about tumor biology in complicated and dynamic physiological systems. Since the development of gene targeting in mice, cancer biologists have been among the most frequent users of transgenic mouse models, which have dramatically increased knowledge about how cancers form and grow. The Chinese Journal of Cancer will publish a series of papers reporting the use of mouse models in studying genetic events in cancer cases. This editorial is an overview of the development and applications of mouse models of cancer and directs the reader to upcoming papers describing the use of these models to be published in coming issues, beginning with three articles in the current issue.
