In recent years , a second pathway for colonic carcinogenesis , distinct from the adenomatous pathway, has been explored. This is referred to as serrated pathway and includes three types of polyp,characterised by a se...In recent years , a second pathway for colonic carcinogenesis , distinct from the adenomatous pathway, has been explored. This is referred to as serrated pathway and includes three types of polyp,characterised by a serrated appearance of the crypts:hyperplastic polyps(HP),sessile serrated adenomas(SSA)or lesions,and traditional serrated adenomas.Each lesion has its own genetic,as well as macroscopic and microscopic morphological features.Because of their flat aspect,their detection is easier with chromoendoscopy(carmin indigo or narrow-band imaging).However,as we show in this review,the distinction between SSA and HP is quite difficult.It is now recommended to resect in one piece as it is possible the serrated polyps with a control in a delay depending on the presence or not of dysplasia.These different types of lesion are described in detail in the present review in general population,in polyposis and in inflammatory bowel diseases patients.This review highlights the need to improve characterization and understanding of this way of colorectal cancerogenesis.展开更多
In this work, we studied the catalytic activity of LaMnO3 and(La0.8A0.2)MnO3(A = Sr, K) perovskite catalysts for oxidation of NO and C10H22 and selective reduction of NO by C10H22. The catalytic per‐formances of thes...In this work, we studied the catalytic activity of LaMnO3 and(La0.8A0.2)MnO3(A = Sr, K) perovskite catalysts for oxidation of NO and C10H22 and selective reduction of NO by C10H22. The catalytic per‐formances of these perovskites were compared with that of a 2 wt% Pt/SiO2 catalyst. The La site substitution increased the catalytic properties for NO or C10H22 oxidation compared with the non‐substituted LaMnO3 sample. For the most efficient perovskite catalyst,(La0.8Sr0.2)MnO3, the results showed the presence of two temperature domains for NO adsorption:(1) a domain corre‐sponding to weakly adsorbed NO, desorbing at temperatures lower than 270 °C and(2) a second domain corresponding to NO adsorbed on the surface as nitrate species, desorbing at temperatures higher than 330 °C. For the Sr‐substituted perovskite, the maximum NO2 yield of 80% was observed in the intermediate temperature domain (around 285 °C). In the reactant mixture of NO/C10H22/O2/H2O/He,(La0.8Sr0.2)MnO3 perovskite showed better performance than the 2 wt% Pt/SiO2 catalyst: NO2 yields reaching 50% and 36% at 290 and 370 °C, respectively. This activity improvement was found to be because of atomic scale interactions between the A and B active sites, Sr2+ cation and Mn4+/Mn3+ redox couple. Thus,(La0.8Sr0.2)MnO3 perovskite could be an alternative free noble metal catalyst for exhaust gas after treatment.展开更多
Not restoring the adequate lumbar lordosis during lumbar fusion surgery may result in mechanical low back pain, sagittal unbalance and adjacent segment degeneration. The objective of this work is to describe the curre...Not restoring the adequate lumbar lordosis during lumbar fusion surgery may result in mechanical low back pain, sagittal unbalance and adjacent segment degeneration. The objective of this work is to describe the current strategies and concepts for restoration of adequate lordosis during fusion surgery. Theoretical lordosis can be evaluated from the measurement of the pelvic incidence and from the analysis of spatial organization of the lumbar spine with 2/3 of the lordosis given by the L4-S1 segment and 85% by the L3-S1 segment. Technical aspects involve patient positioningon the operating table, release maneuvers, type of instrumentation used(rod, screw-rod connection, interbody cages), surgical sequence and the overall surgical strategy. Spinal osteotomies may be required in case of fixed kyphotic spine. AP combined surgery is particularly efficient in restoring lordosis at L5-S1 level and should be recommended. Finally, not one but several strategies may be used to achieve the need for restoration of adequate lordosis during fusion surgery.展开更多
Leukemia stem cells(LSCs),which constitute a minority of the tumor bulk,are functionally defined on the basis of their ability to transfer leukemia into an immunodeficient recipient animal.The presence of LSCs has bee...Leukemia stem cells(LSCs),which constitute a minority of the tumor bulk,are functionally defined on the basis of their ability to transfer leukemia into an immunodeficient recipient animal.The presence of LSCs has been demonstrated in acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),of which ALL with Philadelphia chromosome-positive(Ph+).The use of imatinib,a tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI),as part of front-line treatment and in combination with cytotoxic agents,has greatly improved the proportions of complete response and molecular remission and the overall outcome in adults with newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL.New challenges have emerged with respect to induction of resistance to imatinib via Abelson tyrosine kinase mutations.An important recent addition to the arsenal against Ph+ leukemias in general was the development of novel TKIs,such as nilotinib and dasatinib.However,in vitro experiments have suggested that TKIs have an antiproliferative but not an antiapoptotic or cytotoxic effect on the most primitive ALL stem cells.None of the TKIs in clinical use target the LSC.Second generation TKI dasatinib has been shown to have a more profound effect on the stem cell compartment but the drug was still unable to kill the most primitive LSCs.Allogeneic stem cell transplantation(SCT) remains the only curative treatment available for these patients.Several mechanisms were proposed to explain the resistance of LSCs to TKIs in addition to mutations.Hence,TKIs may be used as a bridge to SCT rather than monotherapy or combination with standard chemotherapy.Better understanding the biology of Ph+ ALL will open new avenues for effective management.In this review,we highlight recent findings relating to the question of LSCs in Ph+ ALL.展开更多
Segmentation of the bladder in computerized tomography(CT) images is an important step in radiation therapy planning of prostate cancer. We present a new segmentation scheme to automatically delineate the bladder cont...Segmentation of the bladder in computerized tomography(CT) images is an important step in radiation therapy planning of prostate cancer. We present a new segmentation scheme to automatically delineate the bladder contour in CT images with three major steps. First,we use the mean shift algorithm to obtain a clustered image containing the rough contour of the bladder,which is then extracted in the second step by applying a region-growing algorithm with the initial seed point selected from a line-by-line scanning process. The third step is to refine the bladder contour more accurately using the rolling-ball algorithm. These steps are then extended to segment the bladder volume in a slice-by-slice manner. The obtained results were compared to manual segmentation by radiation oncologists. The average values of sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and Hausdorff distance are 86.5%,96.3%,90.5%,96.5%,and 2.8 pixels,respectively. The results show that the bladder can be accurately segmented.展开更多
Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a common evolution of cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, and has been traditionally regarded as a terminal disease with short median survival. During the last 20 years, thanks to i...Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a common evolution of cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, and has been traditionally regarded as a terminal disease with short median survival. During the last 20 years, thanks to its favourable oncologic results, a new loco-regional therapeutic approach, combining cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), has an important development. Due to its significant, but acceptable, morbidity and mortality, and high cost, this comprehensive management plan requires knowledgeable patient selection. Quantitative prognostic indicators are required to assess a patient’s eligibility. Large multicenter studies have identified several prognostic factors, which can be used for a better selection of patients who would benefit from the combination of cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC. Indications for treatment of PC with cytoreduction and HIPEC are now validated for several diseases: peritoneal mesothelioma, pseudomyxoma peritonei, PC from the appendix, and colorectal cancer. Indications are still under discussion for gastric and ovarian carcinomatosis. Computed tomography is the best radiological for staging the disease. The extent of peritoneal carcinomatosis is, however, difficult to evaluate preoperatively, and precise evaluation is most often performed during surgical exploration. Cytoreductive surgery associated with HIPEC for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis should be performed for young patients with limited and resectable carcino-matosis, in specialized institutions involved in the management of peritoneal surface malignancies.展开更多
Phosphate glass samples with various Yb2O3 and Er2O3 contents were synthesized by the conventional melt quenching technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR absorption spectroscopy and Raman scattering spect...Phosphate glass samples with various Yb2O3 and Er2O3 contents were synthesized by the conventional melt quenching technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR absorption spectroscopy and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The absorption, emission spectra and fluorescence decay studies were carried out both at low and room temperatures. Results showed the existence of several sites occupied by the rare earth ions in the phosphate glass. Up-conversion and cooperative fluorescence were also discussed.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate in a multicenter study whether the sonographic characterization of focal liver lesions can be improved using SonoVue-enhancement; and to compare this method with computed tomography （CT） and magnet...AIM： To evaluate in a multicenter study whether the sonographic characterization of focal liver lesions can be improved using SonoVue-enhancement; and to compare this method with computed tomography （CT） and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. METHODS： One hundred and thirty four patients withone focal liver lesion detected in baseline ultrasound （US） were examined with conventional US, contrastenhanced US （n = 134）, contrast-enhanced CT （n = 115） and/or dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI （n = 70）. The lesions were classified as malignant, benign or indeterminate and the type of lesion was determined. The final diagnosis based on the combined information of all imaging examinations, clinical information and histology （n = 32） was used. Comparisons were made to see whether the addition of contrast-enhanced US led to the improvement of the characterization of doubtful focal liver lesions.RESULTS： In comparison with unenhanced US, SonoVue markedly improves sensitivity and specificity for the characterization （malignant/benign） of focal liver lesions. In comparison with CT and/or dynamic MRI, SonoVue -enhanced sonography applied for characterization of focal liver lesions was 30.2% more sensitive in the recognition of malignancy and 16.1% more specific in the exclusion of malignancy and overall 22.9% more accurate. In the subgroup with confirmative histology available （n = 30）, sensitivity was 95.5% （CEUS）, 72.2% （CT） and 81.8% （MRI）, and specificity was 75.0% （CEUS）, 37.5% （CT） and 42.9% （MRI）. The sensitivity and specificity of CEUS for the identification of focal nodular hyperplasia （FNH） and hemangiomas was 100% and 87%, resulting in an accuracy of 94.5%.CONCLUSION： SonoVue-enhanced sonography emerges as the most sensitive, ost specific and thus most accurate imaging modality for the characterization of focal liver lesions.展开更多
Ketone bodies have emerged as central mediators of metabolic health,and multiple beneficial effects of a ketogenic diet,impacting metabolism,neuronal pathologies and,to a certain extent,tumorigenesis,have been reporte...Ketone bodies have emerged as central mediators of metabolic health,and multiple beneficial effects of a ketogenic diet,impacting metabolism,neuronal pathologies and,to a certain extent,tumorigenesis,have been reported both in animal models and clinical research.Ketone bodies,endogenously produced by the liver,act pleiotropically as metabolic intermediates,signaling molecules,and epigenetic modifiers.The endothelium and the vascular system are central regulators of the organism’s metabolic state and become dysfunctional in cardiovascular disease,atherosclerosis,and diabetic micro-and macrovascular complications.As physiological circulating ketone bodies can attain millimolar concentrations,the endothelium is the first-line cell lineage exposed to them.While in diabetic ketoacidosis high ketone body concentrations are detrimental to the vasculature,recent research revealed that ketone bodies in the low millimolar range may exert beneficial effects on endothelial cell(EC)functioning by modulating the EC inflammatory status,senescence,and metabolism.Here,we review the long-held evidence of detrimental cardiovascular effects of ketoacidosis as well as the more recent evidence for a positive impact of ketone bodies—at lower concentrations—on the ECs metabolism and vascular physiology and the subjacent cellular and molecular mechanisms.We also explore arising controversies in the field and discuss the importance of ketone body concentrations in relation to their effects.At low concentration,endogenously produced ketone bodies upon uptake of a ketogenic diet or supplemented ketone bodies(or their precursors)may prove beneficial to ameliorate endothelial function and,consequently,pathologies in which endothelial damage occurs.展开更多
Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is a severe mental illness characterized by persistent,intrusive and distressing obsessions and/or compulsions.Such symptoms have been conceptualized as resulting from a failure in so...Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is a severe mental illness characterized by persistent,intrusive and distressing obsessions and/or compulsions.Such symptoms have been conceptualized as resulting from a failure in sourcemonitoring processes,suggesting that patients with OCD fail to distinguish actions they perform from those they just imagine doing.In this study,we aimed to provide an updated and exhaustive review of the literature examining the relationship between source-monitoring and OCD.A systematic search in the literature through January 2019 allowed us to identify 13 relevant publications investigating source-monitoring abilities in patients with OCD or participants with subclinical compulsive symptoms.Most of the retrieved studies did not report any source-monitoring deficits in clinical and subclinical subjects compared with healthy volunteers.However,most of the studies reported that patients with OCD and subclinical subjects displayed reduced confidence in source-monitoring judgments or global cognitive confidence compared to controls.The present review highlighted some methodological and statistical limitations.Consequently,further studies are needed to explore source monitoring with regard to the subcategories of OCD symptoms(i.e.,symmetryordering,contamination-washing,hoarding,aggressive obsession-checking,sexual-religious thoughts)and to clarify the relationship between sourcemonitoring subtypes(i.e.,reality or internal source-monitoring)and confidence in these populations.展开更多
Background: Psychological stress and recovery monitoring is a key issue for increasing athletes' health, well-being, and performance. This multistudy report examined changes and the doseàresponse relationship...Background: Psychological stress and recovery monitoring is a key issue for increasing athletes' health, well-being, and performance. This multistudy report examined changes and the doseàresponse relationships between recoveryàstress psychological states, training load(TL), heart rate(HR), heart rate recovery(HRR), and heart rate variability(HRV) while providing evidence for the factorial validity of a short French version of the RecoveryàStress Questionnaire for Athletes(RESTQ-36-R-Sport).Methods: Four hundred and seventy-three university athletes(Study 1), 72 full expert swimmers(Study 2), and 11 national to international swimmers(Study 3) participated in the study. Data were analyzed through confirmatory factor analyses(Study 1), repeated ANOVAs and correlational analyses(Study 2), t tests and correlational analyses(Study 3).Results: Multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses showed that the RESTQ-36-R-Sport scores were partially invariant across gender, type of sport, and practice level(Study 1). A doseàresponse relationship was performed between TL and RESTQ-36-R-Sport scores during an ecological training program(Study 2). Finally, relationships were found between physiological(HRR) and psychological(RESTQ-36-R-Sport) states during an ecological tapering period leading to a national championship(Study 3).Conclusion: As a whole, these findings provided evidence for the usefulness of the short version of the RESTQ-36-R-Sport for regular monitoring to prevent potential maladaptation due to intensive competitive sport practice.展开更多
This study examined the isolation and differentiation of dorsal root ganglion progenitor cells for therapeutic use in neurodegenerative diseases. Rat embryonic dorsal root ganglia progenitors were isolated and purifie...This study examined the isolation and differentiation of dorsal root ganglion progenitor cells for therapeutic use in neurodegenerative diseases. Rat embryonic dorsal root ganglia progenitors were isolated and purified using the differential adhesion method combined with cytosine arabinoside treatment. After culture in serum-free medium supplemented with B27, basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor, these cells remained viable and survived for more than 18 months in vitro. Most cells differentiated to neurons that were immunoreactive for gamma-aminobutyric acid and choline acetyltransferase as detected by immunohistochemical staining. In addition, nerve growth factor and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor expression were also observed in dorsal root ganglion progenitors and differentiated cells. K252a, an inhibitor that blocks nerve growth factor-induced signaling, inhibited cell survival, suggesting the possible existence of a nerve growth factor autocrine loop in these proliferating cells.展开更多
Due to the advantages of comfort and safety,high-speed trains are gradually becoming the mainstream public transport in China.Since the operating speed and mileage of high-speed trains have achieved rapid growth,it is...Due to the advantages of comfort and safety,high-speed trains are gradually becoming the mainstream public transport in China.Since the operating speed and mileage of high-speed trains have achieved rapid growth,it is more and more urgent to ensure their reliability and safety.As an important component in the bogies of highspeed trains,the health state of the bearing directly affects the operational safety of the trains.It is therefore necessary to diagnoze the faults of bearings in the bogies of high-speed trains as early as possible.In this paper,the bearing fault diagnostic methods for high-speed trains have been systematically summarized with their challenges and perspectives.First,it briefly introduces the structure of bearings in the bogies as well as the fault characteristic frequencies.Then,a brief review of the research on vibration-based signal processing methods and machine learning methods has been provided.Finally,the challenges and future developments of vibrationbased bearing fault diagnostic methods for high-speed trains have been analyzed.展开更多
A series of Cs_(0.2)Rb_(0.8)Ca_(1-x)Eu_(x)Br_(3)(0≤x≤0.08)crystals doped with different concentrations of Eu^(2+)were grown using the Bridgman-Stockbarger method.The work describes the influence of Eu^(2+)concentrat...A series of Cs_(0.2)Rb_(0.8)Ca_(1-x)Eu_(x)Br_(3)(0≤x≤0.08)crystals doped with different concentrations of Eu^(2+)were grown using the Bridgman-Stockbarger method.The work describes the influence of Eu^(2+)concentration on the luminescent and kinetic properties of Cs_(0.2)Rb_(0.8)Ca_(1-x)Eu_(x)Br_(3) crystals,as well as on their scintillation performance.The maximum in the radioluminescence spectra of these crystals shifts from 439 to446 nm with increasing europium concentration.The scintillation decay times of Cs_(0.2)Rb_(0.8)Ca_(1-x)Eu_(x)Br_(3) lengthen with the Eu^(2+)content.The best light output of 33600photons/MeV is obtained for Cs_(0.2)Rb_(0.8)Ca_(0.93)Eu_(0.07)Br_(3),and the best energy resolution of 6.9%is found for Cs_(0.2)Rb_(0.8)Ca_(0.94)Eu_(0.06)Br_(3).展开更多
Multispectral imaging (MSI) technique is often used to capture imagesof the fundus by illuminating it with different wavelengths of light. However,these images are taken at different points in time such that eyeball m...Multispectral imaging (MSI) technique is often used to capture imagesof the fundus by illuminating it with different wavelengths of light. However,these images are taken at different points in time such that eyeball movementscan cause misalignment between consecutive images. The multispectral imagesequence reveals important information in the form of retinal and choroidal bloodvessel maps, which can help ophthalmologists to analyze the morphology of theseblood vessels in detail. This in turn can lead to a high diagnostic accuracy of several diseases. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised end-to-end deeplearning framework called “Adversarial Segmentation and Registration Nets”(ASRNet) for the simultaneous estimation of the blood vessel segmentation andthe registration of multispectral images via an adversarial learning process. ASRNet consists of two subnetworks: (i) A segmentation module S that fulfills theblood vessel segmentation task, and (ii) A registration module R that estimatesthe spatial correspondence of an image pair. Based on the segmention-drivenregistration network, we train the segmentation network using a semi-supervisedadversarial learning strategy. Our experimental results show that the proposedASRNet can achieve state-of-the-art accuracy in segmentation and registrationtasks performed with real MSI datasets.展开更多
The citrate metabolism has been extensively studied in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for its aroma compound production. Among the 4-carbon (C4) by-products obtained from citrate fermentation, diacetyl is one of the bette...The citrate metabolism has been extensively studied in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for its aroma compound production. Among the 4-carbon (C4) by-products obtained from citrate fermentation, diacetyl is one of the better known products for its contribution to the buttery aroma of dairy products. A lot of documents deal with ways to improve diacetyl concentration in food matrices. Apart from these organoleptic advantages, in a microbial ecosystem, the citrate metabolism gives selective advantages to citrate positive microorganisms. Citrate metabolism allows the LAB to use another carbon source for their growth, withstand acidic conditions and generate a “proton motive force” (PMF). Moreover, the citrate/glucid co-metabolism leads to the fast release of organic compounds known for having bacteriostatic effects. Under specific conditions, the C4?pathway liberates diacetyl which is bacteriostatic. In this review we first describe the citrate metabolism and the enzymes involved in the two homo- and heterofermentative LABLc diacetylactisandLeuconostocspp. Moreover, the way to shift the metabolic pathway toward the production of aromatic compounds is discussed for both of these fermentative types of bacteria. Finally, the selective advantages of citrate metabolism for LAB in complex microbial ecosystems are delineated.展开更多
Acute scrotal pain(AsP)requiring surgical exploration is common in the pediatric population,but little has been reported on this subject with regard to the adult population.The aim of this study was to investigate the...Acute scrotal pain(AsP)requiring surgical exploration is common in the pediatric population,but little has been reported on this subject with regard to the adult population.The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of scrotal explorations performed on adult patients.Patients over 21 years of age who underwent surgical exploration for ASP with suspected testicular torsion(TT)at 14 French hospitals between January 2005 and December 2019 were included in this study.The main outcome measures were demographic characteristics,pathology found during scrotal exploration,and perioperative outcomes.Logistic regression was used to perform univariate and multivariate analyses to identify predictors of TT.Data for 1329 men were analyzed.The median age was 30(interquartile range[IQR]:25-35;range:21-89)years.Regarding the clinical examination,867(65.2%)patients presented with an elevation of the testicle,613(46.1%)patients with scrotal edema or erythema,and 211(15.9%)patients with nausea or vomiting.Operative findings identified TT in only 684(51.5%)patients,epididymo-orchitis in 112(8.4%)patients,a tumor in 16(1.2%)patients,and no causes in 475(35.7%)patients.Orchiectomy for nonviable testes was required in 101(7.6%)patients.In multivariate analysis,an elevation of the testicle,erythema/swelling,and the presence of nausea/vomiting were found to be associated with the occurrence of TT.Testicular torsion is not exclusive to children and adolescents,so must be considered in males of any age with acute scrotal findings.However,one-third of scrotal explorations in adults did not lead to a diagnosis.展开更多
文摘In recent years , a second pathway for colonic carcinogenesis , distinct from the adenomatous pathway, has been explored. This is referred to as serrated pathway and includes three types of polyp,characterised by a serrated appearance of the crypts:hyperplastic polyps(HP),sessile serrated adenomas(SSA)or lesions,and traditional serrated adenomas.Each lesion has its own genetic,as well as macroscopic and microscopic morphological features.Because of their flat aspect,their detection is easier with chromoendoscopy(carmin indigo or narrow-band imaging).However,as we show in this review,the distinction between SSA and HP is quite difficult.It is now recommended to resect in one piece as it is possible the serrated polyps with a control in a delay depending on the presence or not of dysplasia.These different types of lesion are described in detail in the present review in general population,in polyposis and in inflammatory bowel diseases patients.This review highlights the need to improve characterization and understanding of this way of colorectal cancerogenesis.
基金Financial supports by national agency for research are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘In this work, we studied the catalytic activity of LaMnO3 and(La0.8A0.2)MnO3(A = Sr, K) perovskite catalysts for oxidation of NO and C10H22 and selective reduction of NO by C10H22. The catalytic per‐formances of these perovskites were compared with that of a 2 wt% Pt/SiO2 catalyst. The La site substitution increased the catalytic properties for NO or C10H22 oxidation compared with the non‐substituted LaMnO3 sample. For the most efficient perovskite catalyst,(La0.8Sr0.2)MnO3, the results showed the presence of two temperature domains for NO adsorption:(1) a domain corre‐sponding to weakly adsorbed NO, desorbing at temperatures lower than 270 °C and(2) a second domain corresponding to NO adsorbed on the surface as nitrate species, desorbing at temperatures higher than 330 °C. For the Sr‐substituted perovskite, the maximum NO2 yield of 80% was observed in the intermediate temperature domain (around 285 °C). In the reactant mixture of NO/C10H22/O2/H2O/He,(La0.8Sr0.2)MnO3 perovskite showed better performance than the 2 wt% Pt/SiO2 catalyst: NO2 yields reaching 50% and 36% at 290 and 370 °C, respectively. This activity improvement was found to be because of atomic scale interactions between the A and B active sites, Sr2+ cation and Mn4+/Mn3+ redox couple. Thus,(La0.8Sr0.2)MnO3 perovskite could be an alternative free noble metal catalyst for exhaust gas after treatment.
文摘Not restoring the adequate lumbar lordosis during lumbar fusion surgery may result in mechanical low back pain, sagittal unbalance and adjacent segment degeneration. The objective of this work is to describe the current strategies and concepts for restoration of adequate lordosis during fusion surgery. Theoretical lordosis can be evaluated from the measurement of the pelvic incidence and from the analysis of spatial organization of the lumbar spine with 2/3 of the lordosis given by the L4-S1 segment and 85% by the L3-S1 segment. Technical aspects involve patient positioningon the operating table, release maneuvers, type of instrumentation used(rod, screw-rod connection, interbody cages), surgical sequence and the overall surgical strategy. Spinal osteotomies may be required in case of fixed kyphotic spine. AP combined surgery is particularly efficient in restoring lordosis at L5-S1 level and should be recommended. Finally, not one but several strategies may be used to achieve the need for restoration of adequate lordosis during fusion surgery.
文摘Leukemia stem cells(LSCs),which constitute a minority of the tumor bulk,are functionally defined on the basis of their ability to transfer leukemia into an immunodeficient recipient animal.The presence of LSCs has been demonstrated in acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),of which ALL with Philadelphia chromosome-positive(Ph+).The use of imatinib,a tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI),as part of front-line treatment and in combination with cytotoxic agents,has greatly improved the proportions of complete response and molecular remission and the overall outcome in adults with newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL.New challenges have emerged with respect to induction of resistance to imatinib via Abelson tyrosine kinase mutations.An important recent addition to the arsenal against Ph+ leukemias in general was the development of novel TKIs,such as nilotinib and dasatinib.However,in vitro experiments have suggested that TKIs have an antiproliferative but not an antiapoptotic or cytotoxic effect on the most primitive ALL stem cells.None of the TKIs in clinical use target the LSC.Second generation TKI dasatinib has been shown to have a more profound effect on the stem cell compartment but the drug was still unable to kill the most primitive LSCs.Allogeneic stem cell transplantation(SCT) remains the only curative treatment available for these patients.Several mechanisms were proposed to explain the resistance of LSCs to TKIs in addition to mutations.Hence,TKIs may be used as a bridge to SCT rather than monotherapy or combination with standard chemotherapy.Better understanding the biology of Ph+ ALL will open new avenues for effective management.In this review,we highlight recent findings relating to the question of LSCs in Ph+ ALL.
基金Project (No. 60675023) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Segmentation of the bladder in computerized tomography(CT) images is an important step in radiation therapy planning of prostate cancer. We present a new segmentation scheme to automatically delineate the bladder contour in CT images with three major steps. First,we use the mean shift algorithm to obtain a clustered image containing the rough contour of the bladder,which is then extracted in the second step by applying a region-growing algorithm with the initial seed point selected from a line-by-line scanning process. The third step is to refine the bladder contour more accurately using the rolling-ball algorithm. These steps are then extended to segment the bladder volume in a slice-by-slice manner. The obtained results were compared to manual segmentation by radiation oncologists. The average values of sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and Hausdorff distance are 86.5%,96.3%,90.5%,96.5%,and 2.8 pixels,respectively. The results show that the bladder can be accurately segmented.
文摘Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a common evolution of cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, and has been traditionally regarded as a terminal disease with short median survival. During the last 20 years, thanks to its favourable oncologic results, a new loco-regional therapeutic approach, combining cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), has an important development. Due to its significant, but acceptable, morbidity and mortality, and high cost, this comprehensive management plan requires knowledgeable patient selection. Quantitative prognostic indicators are required to assess a patient’s eligibility. Large multicenter studies have identified several prognostic factors, which can be used for a better selection of patients who would benefit from the combination of cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC. Indications for treatment of PC with cytoreduction and HIPEC are now validated for several diseases: peritoneal mesothelioma, pseudomyxoma peritonei, PC from the appendix, and colorectal cancer. Indications are still under discussion for gastric and ovarian carcinomatosis. Computed tomography is the best radiological for staging the disease. The extent of peritoneal carcinomatosis is, however, difficult to evaluate preoperatively, and precise evaluation is most often performed during surgical exploration. Cytoreductive surgery associated with HIPEC for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis should be performed for young patients with limited and resectable carcino-matosis, in specialized institutions involved in the management of peritoneal surface malignancies.
文摘Phosphate glass samples with various Yb2O3 and Er2O3 contents were synthesized by the conventional melt quenching technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR absorption spectroscopy and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The absorption, emission spectra and fluorescence decay studies were carried out both at low and room temperatures. Results showed the existence of several sites occupied by the rare earth ions in the phosphate glass. Up-conversion and cooperative fluorescence were also discussed.
文摘AIM： To evaluate in a multicenter study whether the sonographic characterization of focal liver lesions can be improved using SonoVue-enhancement; and to compare this method with computed tomography （CT） and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. METHODS： One hundred and thirty four patients withone focal liver lesion detected in baseline ultrasound （US） were examined with conventional US, contrastenhanced US （n = 134）, contrast-enhanced CT （n = 115） and/or dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI （n = 70）. The lesions were classified as malignant, benign or indeterminate and the type of lesion was determined. The final diagnosis based on the combined information of all imaging examinations, clinical information and histology （n = 32） was used. Comparisons were made to see whether the addition of contrast-enhanced US led to the improvement of the characterization of doubtful focal liver lesions.RESULTS： In comparison with unenhanced US, SonoVue markedly improves sensitivity and specificity for the characterization （malignant/benign） of focal liver lesions. In comparison with CT and/or dynamic MRI, SonoVue -enhanced sonography applied for characterization of focal liver lesions was 30.2% more sensitive in the recognition of malignancy and 16.1% more specific in the exclusion of malignancy and overall 22.9% more accurate. In the subgroup with confirmative histology available （n = 30）, sensitivity was 95.5% （CEUS）, 72.2% （CT） and 81.8% （MRI）, and specificity was 75.0% （CEUS）, 37.5% （CT） and 42.9% （MRI）. The sensitivity and specificity of CEUS for the identification of focal nodular hyperplasia （FNH） and hemangiomas was 100% and 87%, resulting in an accuracy of 94.5%.CONCLUSION： SonoVue-enhanced sonography emerges as the most sensitive, ost specific and thus most accurate imaging modality for the characterization of focal liver lesions.
基金Supported by Polish National Science Centre,Project Grant NCN Harmonia,No.2019/30/M/NZ3/00682NAWA/Campusfrance Polonium,No.PPN/X/RJ/1876/2019.
文摘Ketone bodies have emerged as central mediators of metabolic health,and multiple beneficial effects of a ketogenic diet,impacting metabolism,neuronal pathologies and,to a certain extent,tumorigenesis,have been reported both in animal models and clinical research.Ketone bodies,endogenously produced by the liver,act pleiotropically as metabolic intermediates,signaling molecules,and epigenetic modifiers.The endothelium and the vascular system are central regulators of the organism’s metabolic state and become dysfunctional in cardiovascular disease,atherosclerosis,and diabetic micro-and macrovascular complications.As physiological circulating ketone bodies can attain millimolar concentrations,the endothelium is the first-line cell lineage exposed to them.While in diabetic ketoacidosis high ketone body concentrations are detrimental to the vasculature,recent research revealed that ketone bodies in the low millimolar range may exert beneficial effects on endothelial cell(EC)functioning by modulating the EC inflammatory status,senescence,and metabolism.Here,we review the long-held evidence of detrimental cardiovascular effects of ketoacidosis as well as the more recent evidence for a positive impact of ketone bodies—at lower concentrations—on the ECs metabolism and vascular physiology and the subjacent cellular and molecular mechanisms.We also explore arising controversies in the field and discuss the importance of ketone body concentrations in relation to their effects.At low concentration,endogenously produced ketone bodies upon uptake of a ketogenic diet or supplemented ketone bodies(or their precursors)may prove beneficial to ameliorate endothelial function and,consequently,pathologies in which endothelial damage occurs.
文摘Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is a severe mental illness characterized by persistent,intrusive and distressing obsessions and/or compulsions.Such symptoms have been conceptualized as resulting from a failure in sourcemonitoring processes,suggesting that patients with OCD fail to distinguish actions they perform from those they just imagine doing.In this study,we aimed to provide an updated and exhaustive review of the literature examining the relationship between source-monitoring and OCD.A systematic search in the literature through January 2019 allowed us to identify 13 relevant publications investigating source-monitoring abilities in patients with OCD or participants with subclinical compulsive symptoms.Most of the retrieved studies did not report any source-monitoring deficits in clinical and subclinical subjects compared with healthy volunteers.However,most of the studies reported that patients with OCD and subclinical subjects displayed reduced confidence in source-monitoring judgments or global cognitive confidence compared to controls.The present review highlighted some methodological and statistical limitations.Consequently,further studies are needed to explore source monitoring with regard to the subcategories of OCD symptoms(i.e.,symmetryordering,contamination-washing,hoarding,aggressive obsession-checking,sexual-religious thoughts)and to clarify the relationship between sourcemonitoring subtypes(i.e.,reality or internal source-monitoring)and confidence in these populations.
基金supported by the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne, the club of Alliance Dijon Natationthe Comité Régional de Natation Bourgogne under Grant number 2013-9201AAO048S02835
文摘Background: Psychological stress and recovery monitoring is a key issue for increasing athletes' health, well-being, and performance. This multistudy report examined changes and the doseàresponse relationships between recoveryàstress psychological states, training load(TL), heart rate(HR), heart rate recovery(HRR), and heart rate variability(HRV) while providing evidence for the factorial validity of a short French version of the RecoveryàStress Questionnaire for Athletes(RESTQ-36-R-Sport).Methods: Four hundred and seventy-three university athletes(Study 1), 72 full expert swimmers(Study 2), and 11 national to international swimmers(Study 3) participated in the study. Data were analyzed through confirmatory factor analyses(Study 1), repeated ANOVAs and correlational analyses(Study 2), t tests and correlational analyses(Study 3).Results: Multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses showed that the RESTQ-36-R-Sport scores were partially invariant across gender, type of sport, and practice level(Study 1). A doseàresponse relationship was performed between TL and RESTQ-36-R-Sport scores during an ecological training program(Study 2). Finally, relationships were found between physiological(HRR) and psychological(RESTQ-36-R-Sport) states during an ecological tapering period leading to a national championship(Study 3).Conclusion: As a whole, these findings provided evidence for the usefulness of the short version of the RESTQ-36-R-Sport for regular monitoring to prevent potential maladaptation due to intensive competitive sport practice.
基金supported by the Rhone Alps Region of France, MIRA grants for the collaboration,the Agence National de la Recherche (ANR) RIB,the CNRS (International program for Scientific Cooperation, "PICS")
文摘This study examined the isolation and differentiation of dorsal root ganglion progenitor cells for therapeutic use in neurodegenerative diseases. Rat embryonic dorsal root ganglia progenitors were isolated and purified using the differential adhesion method combined with cytosine arabinoside treatment. After culture in serum-free medium supplemented with B27, basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor, these cells remained viable and survived for more than 18 months in vitro. Most cells differentiated to neurons that were immunoreactive for gamma-aminobutyric acid and choline acetyltransferase as detected by immunohistochemical staining. In addition, nerve growth factor and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor expression were also observed in dorsal root ganglion progenitors and differentiated cells. K252a, an inhibitor that blocks nerve growth factor-induced signaling, inhibited cell survival, suggesting the possible existence of a nerve growth factor autocrine loop in these proliferating cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52375078).
文摘Due to the advantages of comfort and safety,high-speed trains are gradually becoming the mainstream public transport in China.Since the operating speed and mileage of high-speed trains have achieved rapid growth,it is more and more urgent to ensure their reliability and safety.As an important component in the bogies of highspeed trains,the health state of the bearing directly affects the operational safety of the trains.It is therefore necessary to diagnoze the faults of bearings in the bogies of high-speed trains as early as possible.In this paper,the bearing fault diagnostic methods for high-speed trains have been systematically summarized with their challenges and perspectives.First,it briefly introduces the structure of bearings in the bogies as well as the fault characteristic frequencies.Then,a brief review of the research on vibration-based signal processing methods and machine learning methods has been provided.Finally,the challenges and future developments of vibrationbased bearing fault diagnostic methods for high-speed trains have been analyzed.
基金Project carried out in the frame of Crystal Clear Collaboration and supported by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine(0119U100764)。
文摘A series of Cs_(0.2)Rb_(0.8)Ca_(1-x)Eu_(x)Br_(3)(0≤x≤0.08)crystals doped with different concentrations of Eu^(2+)were grown using the Bridgman-Stockbarger method.The work describes the influence of Eu^(2+)concentration on the luminescent and kinetic properties of Cs_(0.2)Rb_(0.8)Ca_(1-x)Eu_(x)Br_(3) crystals,as well as on their scintillation performance.The maximum in the radioluminescence spectra of these crystals shifts from 439 to446 nm with increasing europium concentration.The scintillation decay times of Cs_(0.2)Rb_(0.8)Ca_(1-x)Eu_(x)Br_(3) lengthen with the Eu^(2+)content.The best light output of 33600photons/MeV is obtained for Cs_(0.2)Rb_(0.8)Ca_(0.93)Eu_(0.07)Br_(3),and the best energy resolution of 6.9%is found for Cs_(0.2)Rb_(0.8)Ca_(0.94)Eu_(0.06)Br_(3).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81871508 and 61773246)the Major Program of Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.ZR2019ZD04 and ZR2018ZB0419)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province of China(Grant No.TSHW201502038).
文摘Multispectral imaging (MSI) technique is often used to capture imagesof the fundus by illuminating it with different wavelengths of light. However,these images are taken at different points in time such that eyeball movementscan cause misalignment between consecutive images. The multispectral imagesequence reveals important information in the form of retinal and choroidal bloodvessel maps, which can help ophthalmologists to analyze the morphology of theseblood vessels in detail. This in turn can lead to a high diagnostic accuracy of several diseases. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised end-to-end deeplearning framework called “Adversarial Segmentation and Registration Nets”(ASRNet) for the simultaneous estimation of the blood vessel segmentation andthe registration of multispectral images via an adversarial learning process. ASRNet consists of two subnetworks: (i) A segmentation module S that fulfills theblood vessel segmentation task, and (ii) A registration module R that estimatesthe spatial correspondence of an image pair. Based on the segmention-drivenregistration network, we train the segmentation network using a semi-supervisedadversarial learning strategy. Our experimental results show that the proposedASRNet can achieve state-of-the-art accuracy in segmentation and registrationtasks performed with real MSI datasets.
文摘The citrate metabolism has been extensively studied in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for its aroma compound production. Among the 4-carbon (C4) by-products obtained from citrate fermentation, diacetyl is one of the better known products for its contribution to the buttery aroma of dairy products. A lot of documents deal with ways to improve diacetyl concentration in food matrices. Apart from these organoleptic advantages, in a microbial ecosystem, the citrate metabolism gives selective advantages to citrate positive microorganisms. Citrate metabolism allows the LAB to use another carbon source for their growth, withstand acidic conditions and generate a “proton motive force” (PMF). Moreover, the citrate/glucid co-metabolism leads to the fast release of organic compounds known for having bacteriostatic effects. Under specific conditions, the C4?pathway liberates diacetyl which is bacteriostatic. In this review we first describe the citrate metabolism and the enzymes involved in the two homo- and heterofermentative LABLc diacetylactisandLeuconostocspp. Moreover, the way to shift the metabolic pathway toward the production of aromatic compounds is discussed for both of these fermentative types of bacteria. Finally, the selective advantages of citrate metabolism for LAB in complex microbial ecosystems are delineated.
文摘Acute scrotal pain(AsP)requiring surgical exploration is common in the pediatric population,but little has been reported on this subject with regard to the adult population.The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of scrotal explorations performed on adult patients.Patients over 21 years of age who underwent surgical exploration for ASP with suspected testicular torsion(TT)at 14 French hospitals between January 2005 and December 2019 were included in this study.The main outcome measures were demographic characteristics,pathology found during scrotal exploration,and perioperative outcomes.Logistic regression was used to perform univariate and multivariate analyses to identify predictors of TT.Data for 1329 men were analyzed.The median age was 30(interquartile range[IQR]:25-35;range:21-89)years.Regarding the clinical examination,867(65.2%)patients presented with an elevation of the testicle,613(46.1%)patients with scrotal edema or erythema,and 211(15.9%)patients with nausea or vomiting.Operative findings identified TT in only 684(51.5%)patients,epididymo-orchitis in 112(8.4%)patients,a tumor in 16(1.2%)patients,and no causes in 475(35.7%)patients.Orchiectomy for nonviable testes was required in 101(7.6%)patients.In multivariate analysis,an elevation of the testicle,erythema/swelling,and the presence of nausea/vomiting were found to be associated with the occurrence of TT.Testicular torsion is not exclusive to children and adolescents,so must be considered in males of any age with acute scrotal findings.However,one-third of scrotal explorations in adults did not lead to a diagnosis.
