Strategies targeting intracellular negative regulators such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) have demonstrated significant antitumor activity across a wide range of solid tumors. In the clinical practice, the r...Strategies targeting intracellular negative regulators such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) have demonstrated significant antitumor activity across a wide range of solid tumors. In the clinical practice, the radiological effect of immunotherapeutic agents has raised several more relevant and complex challenges for the determination of their imaging-based response at single patient level. Accordingly, it has been suggested that the conventional Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors assessment alone, based on dimensional evaluation provided by computed tomography (CT), tends to underestimate the benefit of ICPIs at least in a subset of patients, supporting the need of immune-related response criteria. Different from CT, very few data are available for the evaluation of immunotherapy by means of <sup>18</sup>F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Moreover, since the antineoplastic activity of ICPIs is highly related to the activation of T cells against cancer cells, FDG accumulation might cause false-positive findings. Yet, discrimination between benign and malignant processes represents a huge challenge for FDG-PET in this clinical setting. Consequently, it might be of high interest to test the complex and variegated response to ICPIs by means of PET and thus it is worthwhile to ask if a similar introduction of immune-related PET-based criteria could be proposed in the future. Finally, PET might offer a new insight into the biology and pathophysiology of ICPIs thanks to a growing number of non-invasive immune-diagnostic approaches based on non-FDG tracers.展开更多
Immunotherapy has shown promising results with improved progression-free survival and overall survival in lung cancer.However,novel immunotherapy could generate atypical response patterns,which is a big challenge for ...Immunotherapy has shown promising results with improved progression-free survival and overall survival in lung cancer.However,novel immunotherapy could generate atypical response patterns,which is a big challenge for traditional imaging criteria.Radiomics,combined with artificial intelligence(AI),represents new quantitative methodologies that could serve as an additional imaging biomarker to predict immunotherapy benefits and assess responses to assist oncologists in decision-making in lung cancer treatment.This paper aims to review the latest advancement of AI-based radiomics applied to lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy,focusing on the fundamentals of these approaches and commonly used techniques.We also address the hurdles in the AI and radiomic analysis pipeline to guide clinicians in approaching this new concept.展开更多
文摘Strategies targeting intracellular negative regulators such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) have demonstrated significant antitumor activity across a wide range of solid tumors. In the clinical practice, the radiological effect of immunotherapeutic agents has raised several more relevant and complex challenges for the determination of their imaging-based response at single patient level. Accordingly, it has been suggested that the conventional Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors assessment alone, based on dimensional evaluation provided by computed tomography (CT), tends to underestimate the benefit of ICPIs at least in a subset of patients, supporting the need of immune-related response criteria. Different from CT, very few data are available for the evaluation of immunotherapy by means of <sup>18</sup>F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Moreover, since the antineoplastic activity of ICPIs is highly related to the activation of T cells against cancer cells, FDG accumulation might cause false-positive findings. Yet, discrimination between benign and malignant processes represents a huge challenge for FDG-PET in this clinical setting. Consequently, it might be of high interest to test the complex and variegated response to ICPIs by means of PET and thus it is worthwhile to ask if a similar introduction of immune-related PET-based criteria could be proposed in the future. Finally, PET might offer a new insight into the biology and pathophysiology of ICPIs thanks to a growing number of non-invasive immune-diagnostic approaches based on non-FDG tracers.
文摘Immunotherapy has shown promising results with improved progression-free survival and overall survival in lung cancer.However,novel immunotherapy could generate atypical response patterns,which is a big challenge for traditional imaging criteria.Radiomics,combined with artificial intelligence(AI),represents new quantitative methodologies that could serve as an additional imaging biomarker to predict immunotherapy benefits and assess responses to assist oncologists in decision-making in lung cancer treatment.This paper aims to review the latest advancement of AI-based radiomics applied to lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy,focusing on the fundamentals of these approaches and commonly used techniques.We also address the hurdles in the AI and radiomic analysis pipeline to guide clinicians in approaching this new concept.
