The chalcone isomerase gene OsCHI,one of the key genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway,plays an important role in rice(Oryza sativa)resistance to abiotic stresses.This study reveals how the chalcone isomerase ge...The chalcone isomerase gene OsCHI,one of the key genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway,plays an important role in rice(Oryza sativa)resistance to abiotic stresses.This study reveals how the chalcone isomerase gene family member OsCHI3 participates in rice responses to drought stress through the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.Overexpression of OsCHI3 increased the tolerance of rice to drought stress.In contrast,CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of OsCHI3 reduced the drought tolerance of rice,an effect that is reversed by exogenous ABA treatment.Transcriptomic and physiological biochemical analyses indicated that flavonoids regulated by OsCHI3 not only scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS)but also increase drought tolerance in rice by stimulating ABA biosynthesis through the regulation of OsNCED1 and OsABA8ox3 expression.These findings demonstrate that OsCHI3 increases drought stress tolerance in rice by activating the antioxidant defense system and the ABA metabolic pathway,providing new clues for drought-resistant rice breeding research.展开更多
The three-line hybrid rice system,which relies on cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS),faces challenges in breeding efficiency.To address these challenges,we developed CMS engineering breeding technology(CEBT).First,we con...The three-line hybrid rice system,which relies on cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS),faces challenges in breeding efficiency.To address these challenges,we developed CMS engineering breeding technology(CEBT).First,we constructed a complementation vector containing the fertility restoration module Double Rf4-Rf20,sorting marker gene DsRed2,and pollen lethal gene ZmAA1,then transformed this into a CMS line.We obtained reproductive lines without alterations to main agronomic traits,which can produce engineering sterile lines(ESL)and reproductive line seeds at a 1:1 ratio by self-crossing.CEBT converts the traditional three-line system into an efficient‘new two-line’hybrid framework:the reproductive line is improved while simultaneously improving the ESL,which significantly shortens the breeding process for three-line hybrid rice.展开更多
Hybrid rice has significantly contributed to China’s food security.Mixed sowing and harvesting of parental lines have proven effective for mechanization and cost reduction.The hull color difference between red and ye...Hybrid rice has significantly contributed to China’s food security.Mixed sowing and harvesting of parental lines have proven effective for mechanization and cost reduction.The hull color difference between red and yellow makes the red hull an ideal germplasm resource for efficient hybrid seed separation.The rice hull of Chuan 7 is red,and genetic linkage analysis combined with fine mapping located the red hull gene,OsRH3,within an 83.5 kb interval,containing 18 predicted genes.展开更多
The double-rice cropping system is a very important intensive cropping system for food security in China. There have been few studies of the sustainability of yield and accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the...The double-rice cropping system is a very important intensive cropping system for food security in China. There have been few studies of the sustainability of yield and accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the double-rice cropping system following a partial substitution of chemical fertilizer by Chinese milk vetch (Mv). We conducted a 10-year (2008–2017) field experiment in Nan County, South-Central China, to examine the double-rice productivity and SOC accumulation in a paddy soil in response to different fertilization levels and Mv application (22.5 Mg ha^–1). Fertilizer and Mv were applied both individually and in combination (sole chemical fertilizers, Mv plus 100, 80, 60, 40, and 0% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers, labeled as F100, MF100, MF80, MF60, MF40, and MF0, respectively). It was found that the grain yields of double-rice crop in treatments receiving Mv were reduced when the dose of chemical fertilizer was reduced, while the change in SOC stock displayed a double peak curve. The MF100 produced the highest double-rice yield and SOC stock, with the value higher by 13.5 and 26.8% than that in the F100. However, the grain yields increased in the MF80 (by 8.4% compared to the F100), while the SOC stock only increased by 8.4%. Analogous to the change of grain yield, the sustainable yield index (SYI) of double rice were improved significantly in the MF100 and MF80 compared to the F100, while there was a slight increase in the MF60 and MF40. After a certain amount of Mv input (22.5 Mg ha^–1), the carbon sequestration rate was affected by the nutrient input due to the stimulation of microbial biomass. Compared with the MF0, the MF100 and MF40 resulted in a dramatically higher carbon sequestration rate (with the value higher by 71.6 and 70.1%), whereas the MF80 induced a lower carbon sequestration rate with the value lower by 70.1% compared to the MF0. Based on the above results we suggested that Mv could partially replace chemical fertilizers (e.g., 40–60%) to improve or maintain the productivity and sustainability of the double-rice cropping system in South-Central China.展开更多
The association between the rhizospheric microbial community and Cd accumulation in rice is poorly understood.A field trial was conducted to investigate the different rhizobacterial communities of two rice cultivars w...The association between the rhizospheric microbial community and Cd accumulation in rice is poorly understood.A field trial was conducted to investigate the different rhizobacterial communities of two rice cultivars with high Cd accumulation(HA)and low Cd accumulation(LA)at four growth stages.Results showed that the Cd content in the roots of the HA cultivar was 1.23-27.53 higher than that of the LA cultivar(0.08-10.5μg/plant)at four stages.The LA cultivar had a significantly lower Cd availability in rhizosphere and a higher quantity of iron plaque(IP)on the root surface than the HA cultivar at four stages.This resulted in the reduction of Cd concentration in IPs and Cd translocation from IP-to-root.Microbial analysis indicated that the LA cultivar formed a distinct rhizobacterial community from the HA cultivar and had lessα-diversity.The rhizosphere of the LA cultivar was enriched in specific bacterial taxa(e.g.,Massilia and Bacillus)involved in Cd immobilization by phosphate precipitation and IP formation by iron oxidization.However,the rhizosphere in the HA cultivar assembled abundant sulfur-oxidizing bacteria(e.g.,Sulfuricurvum)and iron reduction bacteria(Geobacter).They promoted Cd mobilization and reduced IP formation via the metal redox process.This study reveals a potential approach in which specific rhizobacteria decrease or increase Cd accumulation in rice on contaminated soil and provides a new perspective for secure rice production.展开更多
The stay-green trait is of considerable importance in extending the shelf life of green pepper fruit(Capsicum annuum L.)and in enhancing the appearance of ornamental plants.The study revealed the genetic and regulator...The stay-green trait is of considerable importance in extending the shelf life of green pepper fruit(Capsicum annuum L.)and in enhancing the appearance of ornamental plants.The study revealed the genetic and regulatory mechanisms of the stay-green trait in pepper,which will aid in the selection of ornamental pepper varieties.In this study,a pepper mutant with stay-green fruit named TNX348 was identified from a germplasm resource bank.Two segregating populations were constructed using the stay-green mutant TNX348 and then used in bulked segregant analysis combined with RNA sequencing and linkage analyses.The causal gene of the stay-green trait was mapped to an approximately 131-kb region,and a senescence-induced chloroplast protein gene,CaSGR1(Capana01g000359),was identified as a candidate gene.Sequencing analysis revealed a G→A single-base mutation of CaSGR1 in TNX348 that led to early termination of translation.Based on the single-base mutation,a single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)marker co-segregating with the stay-green trait was developed.Furthermore,in transcriptome analysis,expression patterns of 11 hormone transduction-related transcription factors,such as abscisic acid-insensitive(ABI),abscisic acidresponsive element-binding factor(ABF),and NAC transcription factor,were similar or opposite to that of CaSGR1.The results indicated that the transcription factors might mediate chlorophyll degradation by regulating the expression of CaSGR1.展开更多
Long-term storage of crop seeds is critical for the conservation of germplasm resources, ensuring food supply, and supporting sustainable production. Rice, as a major food staple, has a substantial stock for consumpti...Long-term storage of crop seeds is critical for the conservation of germplasm resources, ensuring food supply, and supporting sustainable production. Rice, as a major food staple, has a substantial stock for consumption and production worldwide. However, its food value and seed viability tend to decline during storage. Understanding the physiological responses and molecular mechanisms of aging tolerance forms the basis for enhancing seed storability in rice. This review outlines the latest progress in influential factors, evaluation methods, and identification indices of seed storability. It also discusses the physiological consequences, molecular mechanisms, and strategies for breeding aging-tolerant rice in detail. Finally, it highlights challenges in seed storability research that require future attention. This review offers a theoretical foundation and research direction for uncovering the mechanisms behind seed storability and breeding aging-tolerant rice.展开更多
The male-sterile line has been largely used in the hybrid seed production of pepper, which can effectively improve the efficiency of hybrid seed production. However, the formation mechanism of male sterility in pepper...The male-sterile line has been largely used in the hybrid seed production of pepper, which can effectively improve the efficiency of hybrid seed production. However, the formation mechanism of male sterility in pepper remains unclear. In the present study, we compared the gene expression patterns between pepper cytoplasmic male sterile line 9704 A and its maintainer 9704 B during floral bud development using RNA sequencing technology. A total of 547 976 and 2 416 Differentially Expressed Genes(DEGs) were identified in the stage S1, S2 and S3, respectively,and more than 70% of the DEGs were down-regulated in the sterile line. Gene Ontology(GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to further understand the functions of these identified DEGs. The results showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways of starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions. A number of genes, such as MS1, PME5, ATPB, and lots of transcription factors were found down-regulated in the sterile line, and we also identified a series of genes with large differences in expression patterns between sterile line and maintainer line. Collectively, our findings laid a foundation for further molecular breeding in pepper and provided new insights into its mechanism underlying the male sterility.展开更多
A field experiment of organic manure, passivator and their complex was conducted to study the soil Cd bioavailability in the Cd polluted paddy soil. The results showed that the rice yield increased with the applicatio...A field experiment of organic manure, passivator and their complex was conducted to study the soil Cd bioavailability in the Cd polluted paddy soil. The results showed that the rice yield increased with the applications of organic manure, passivator and their complex, especially, the rice yields of applying 3 000 and 6 000 kg/hm^2 of organic manure increased significantly by 18.6% （ P 〈0.05） and 20.9% （P 〈0.05） because of the increase of rice economic coefficient. There had no significant change of the soil pH values and the soil available Cd contents, but the Cd distribution ratios in rice were lowered by applying organic manure, and the Cd contents of rice applying 3 000 and 6 005 kg/hm^2 of organic manure dropped by 14.3% （ P 〉 0.05） and 21.4% （ P 〉 0.05） compared with chemical fertilizer treatment, respectively. But applying with passivator and passivator fertilized with 3 000 and 6 000 kg/hm^2 of organic manure, the soil pH values increased and the soil available Cd contents decreased significantly, so that to restrain the rice＇s Cd absorption and accumulation. The rice Cd contents lowered by 28.6% （ P 〈 0.05）, 28.6% （ P 〈 0.05） and 42.9% （ P 〈 0.05）, the stem C,d contents lowered by 8.9% （ P 〉 0.05）, 29.7% （ P 〈 0.05） and 43.6% （ P 〈 0.05）, and the leaf Cd contents decreased by 18.8% （ P 〈 0.05）, 25.0% （ P 〈 0.05） and 25.0% （ P 〈 0.05）, respectively. It enhanced the inactivate effect of passivator significantly when fertilized with organic manure.展开更多
Genes containing GTP_EFTU domain mainly express elongation factors(EF),Small GTPases,and GTP-binding proteins,which are closely related to protein synthesis,extension and ATP synthesis.In this study,we identified 39 g...Genes containing GTP_EFTU domain mainly express elongation factors(EF),Small GTPases,and GTP-binding proteins,which are closely related to protein synthesis,extension and ATP synthesis.In this study,we identified 39 genes containing GTP_EFTU domains from peppers.The evolutionary trees constructed from capsicum,Arabidopsis,rice,and tomato are mainly divided into 7 subfamilies.Using PacBio(Pacific Biosciences)sequencing and assembly data,we extracted these 39 gene sequences,fromwhich 25 genes had alternative splicing.Particularly,the Capana08g000545 had 16 alternative splicing processes.Accordingly,we performed promoter sequence analysis,subcellular location prediction,the expression analysis of different tissues and periods,and also the GO(Gene ontology)analysis of co-expressed genes.Lastly we did the qRTPCR analysis in 5 stages of pepper fruit development.These analyses revealed important structural and functional information for the identified 39 genes that contain GTP_EFTU domains,providing important references for further follow-up experiments to verify the genes function on plants or their unique roles in peppers.展开更多
Eating and cooking qualities（ECQs） of rice are important attributes due to its major influence on consumer acceptability. To better understand the molecular mechanism of the variation in ECQs, we investigated and co...Eating and cooking qualities（ECQs） of rice are important attributes due to its major influence on consumer acceptability. To better understand the molecular mechanism of the variation in ECQs, we investigated and compared the expressions among different alleles of the Waxy（Wx） gene and its effect on ECQs in specialty rice cultivars. The results showed that the accumulation of amylose was positively and significantly correlated to the level of mature Wx m RNA and granule-bound starch synthase I（GBSS I） in developing rice grain at 12 days after flowering. The amount of GBSS I and its activity together are the main factors controlling amylose synthesis. Differences in ECQs among five Wx allele types were investigated in samples from 15 rice varieties. The apparent amylose content（AAC） and gel consistency（GC） were similar in each type of Wx allele. The AAC followed the order, Wx^a type〉Wx^in type〉Wx^b type〉Wx^mq type〉wx. Contrary to this, the GC showed an opposite trend compared to AAC. There was a wide variation in rapid visco analyzer（RVA） profile among five Wx allele types, while varieties sharing a specified Wx allele had basically the similar RVA profile, although there was a slight difference in some RVA parameters, peak, hot paste and cool paste viscosities.展开更多
Plant virus causes massive crop losses globally.However,there is currently no effective measure to control plant viral disease.Previously,we identify an antiviral protein Rhp-PSP,produced by the bacterial Rhodopseudom...Plant virus causes massive crop losses globally.However,there is currently no effective measure to control plant viral disease.Previously,we identify an antiviral protein Rhp-PSP,produced by the bacterial Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain JSC-3b.In this study,we discover that the antiviral activity of Rhp-PSP relies on its endoribonuclease activity.Converting the arginine(R)residue at position 129 onto alanine(A)abolishs its endoribonuclease activity on coat protein(CP)RNA of tobacco mosaic virus(TMV),consequentially,compromises the antiviral activity of Rhp-PSP.Further investigation demonstrates that,the mutant Rhp-PSP^(R129A)is unable to form the homotrimer as the wild type,indicating the importance of quaternary junction for the endoribonuclease activity.Overexpression of Rhp-PSP in Nicotiana benthamiana significantly enhances the resistance against TMV of seedlings,while expression of Rhp-PSP^(R129A)did not,confirming that endoribonuclease activity is responsible for the antiviral activity of Rhp-PSP.In addition,foliar spray of Rhp-PSP solution on tomato and pepper plants significantly reduces the disease index of viral diseases,indicating that Rhp-PSP shows potential to develop antiviral agent in practice.展开更多
In the light of the national policy of fallow, this study was conducted to determine how the different water management and lime application would affect soil physical and chemical properties, rice yield and cadmium ...In the light of the national policy of fallow, this study was conducted to determine how the different water management and lime application would affect soil physical and chemical properties, rice yield and cadmium （Cd） content of rice in fallow season. The results showed that, compared with the arid fallow, the waterlogging fallow decreased the soil pH value whereas signifcantly increased the soil organic matter content and the cation exchange quantity, and reduced the soil effective cadmium content and the rice cadmium content whereas could increase the rice yield to a certain extent. In the fooded fallow or the dry fallow, the application of lime mainly depended on the alkali conditioning of lime and the antagonistic effect of Ca2＋, which could signifcantly reduce the cadmium content of rice, and its effect would increase linearly with the increase of lime dosage, whereas had no significant effect on soil organic matter content and cation exchange quantity. In order to establish a linear equation of lime dosage and related indexes under the condition of waterlogging fallow or dry fallow, calculations showed that each application of lime at 1 000 kg/hm2 or kg/hmss2 could improve soil pH value by 0.238 2 or 0.246 5units respectively, and reduce the effective Cd content to 0.007 5 mg/kg both in the arid fallow and the waterlogging fallow conditions. The lime theoretic application rate for the lowest Cd content of late rice in the arid fallow was 5 120 kg/hm2, and the minimum limit of the Cd content in rice was 0.124 2 mg/kg; and the lime theoretic application rate for the highest yield of late rice in the submerged water fallow was 4 636 kg/hm2, the minimum theoretic Cd content in rice is 0.100 7 mg/kg, and it could reduce the Cd content in rice under the condition of submerged fallow and decrease the dosage of lime.展开更多
An analysis of genome-wide gene expression profiles during floral organ development can provide important clues about the molecular basis of gene functions and developmental processes.In this study,we analyzed the tra...An analysis of genome-wide gene expression profiles during floral organ development can provide important clues about the molecular basis of gene functions and developmental processes.In this study,we analyzed the transcriptome data of 36 samples obtained during floral organ development from pepper‘6421’and detected 30016 genes that were expressed in at least one sample.K-means clustering analysis was used to classify the data into 16 clusters based on the similarities between the dynamic expression profiles of genes.Of these,15 clusters exhibited notable up-regulation or down-regulation trends in different developmental stages or tissues of floral organs.We identified transcription factors expressed at the early,medium,and late stages of bud development(F1,F5,F9).Transcription factor families such as AP2-ERF,MADS-box,MYB,bHLH,and NAC showed significant levels of enrichment.In comparison with genes expressed in vegetative tissues at different stages,certain genes were specifically up-regulated during flower development;among these,the number of genes specifically up-regulated during the stamen(Sta10)and bud tetrad development(F4)stages was the highest.Through extensive studies of the ABCDE model of flower development in Arabidopsis,we identified 17 ABCDE model candidate genes in pepper,most of which were up-regulated at specific stages of flower bud development.The expression data provided in this study is the most comprehensive dataset available for pepper to date and will serve as a resource for identifying the functions of many specific genes involved in flower development in pepper and other Solanaceae plants.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to construct DNA fingerprint for hybrid rice cultivars those have been approved by Hunan Province. [Method] The primers which produced polymorphic and bright DNA bands were selected to con...[Objective] This study aimed to construct DNA fingerprint for hybrid rice cultivars those have been approved by Hunan Province. [Method] The primers which produced polymorphic and bright DNA bands were selected to construct the DNA molecular fingerprint map for 77 major hybrid rice cultivars approved by Hunan Province. [ Result] A total of 48 SSR primers were selected. Every cultivar had its unique fingerprint map so that the obtained data could identify differ- ent hybrid rice cultivars. [ Conclusion] This study made great contributions to the perfection of hybrid rice germplasm identification.展开更多
Cre/loxP,a site-specific recombination system,has been widely used for various purposes,including chromosomal translocations,generation of marker-free transgenic plants,tissue-specific activation of a reporter gene an...Cre/loxP,a site-specific recombination system,has been widely used for various purposes,including chromosomal translocations,generation of marker-free transgenic plants,tissue-specific activation of a reporter gene and efficient heterologous gene expression in plants.However,stable or transient expression of Cre recombinase in plants can cause chlorosis or necrosis.Here,we describe a modified Cre/loxP recombination system using a DNA fragment flanked with loxP sites in the same orientation in which necrosis induced by Cre recombinase in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves was alleviated.The modified system was successfully used to create functional GFP-tagged pepper mild mottle virus(PMMoV)and a chimeric virus with coat protein(CP)substitution assembled from separate pro-vector modules.Our results provide a new strategy and flexible technique to construct chimeric virus and infectious clones for plant viruses with large genomes.展开更多
Receptor kinases play a pivotal role in detecting environmental signals,and consequently,gene pleiotropy is frequently observed within this family.However,the trade-off in trait expression resulting from gene pleiotro...Receptor kinases play a pivotal role in detecting environmental signals,and consequently,gene pleiotropy is frequently observed within this family.However,the trade-off in trait expression resulting from gene pleiotropy poses a constraint on the utilization of such genes in agricultural breeding.In this study,we identified the receptor kinase gene FERONIA-Like Receptor 13(FLR13)as a pleiotropic gene influencing plant height,tillering,grain yield,and disease resistance.Using promoter editing,we generated novel alleles(FLR13T5T6-1,FLR13T5T6-2)that confer resistance to rice blast and increase per-plant yield.The knockout of the T5T6 segment alleviates the inhibitory effects of two transcription factors,OsGBP1 and OsWRKY53,on FLR13 expression.In summary,our study presents a promising avenue for enhancing the pivotal attributes of receptor-like kinases through a promoter-editing strategy.展开更多
Focusing on several commonly used insect resistance genes,we reviewed the advances in insect-resistant transgenic rice,and analyzed the problems and developing tendency in transgenic rice research in this paper.
[Objectives]To establish a simple,rapid and accurate method for identifying the genetic relationship of hybrid rice varieties to their parents.[Methods]Taking F1 hybrids Liangyou 336,Deliangyou Huazhan,and the parents...[Objectives]To establish a simple,rapid and accurate method for identifying the genetic relationship of hybrid rice varieties to their parents.[Methods]Taking F1 hybrids Liangyou 336,Deliangyou Huazhan,and the parents of Liangyou 336,i.e.,C815S(♀)and R336(♂),as experimental materials,the genetic relationship of the hybrid rice varieties to the parental materials was identified by way of PCR amplification with the 48 pairs of SSR primers of Protocol for Identification of Rice Varieties:SSR Marker Method(NY/T 1433-2014).[Results]The genetic relationship of the hybrid rice varieties could be determined by comparing the PCR amplification products of the mixed DNA of the parents and the DNA of the F1 hybrids.[Conclusions]This method not only reduced the number of samples required but also had a good visual effect and high accuracy.展开更多
Fragrant rice is favored worldwide by consumers and rice breeders,due to its full aroma and high nutritional value.Loss of function of the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene(OsBADH2)leads to aroma in rice.Our previou...Fragrant rice is favored worldwide by consumers and rice breeders,due to its full aroma and high nutritional value.Loss of function of the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene(OsBADH2)leads to aroma in rice.Our previous sequencing results showed that fragrant rice Chuan 7 belongs to badh2-E14 type,with a 1 bp insertion mutation in exon 14(Sun et al,2021),and this allele mutation is mainly distributed in Nepal and India(Kovach et al,2009).展开更多
基金supported by Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan province(2024NK1010,2023NK1010,2023ZJ1080)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20208).
文摘The chalcone isomerase gene OsCHI,one of the key genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway,plays an important role in rice(Oryza sativa)resistance to abiotic stresses.This study reveals how the chalcone isomerase gene family member OsCHI3 participates in rice responses to drought stress through the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.Overexpression of OsCHI3 increased the tolerance of rice to drought stress.In contrast,CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of OsCHI3 reduced the drought tolerance of rice,an effect that is reversed by exogenous ABA treatment.Transcriptomic and physiological biochemical analyses indicated that flavonoids regulated by OsCHI3 not only scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS)but also increase drought tolerance in rice by stimulating ABA biosynthesis through the regulation of OsNCED1 and OsABA8ox3 expression.These findings demonstrate that OsCHI3 increases drought stress tolerance in rice by activating the antioxidant defense system and the ABA metabolic pathway,providing new clues for drought-resistant rice breeding research.
基金supported by grants from by the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD04076)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2024RC1070)+2 种基金the Hunan Natural Science Foundation(2023JJ30442)Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20396)Special Funds for the Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province(2021NK1011)。
文摘The three-line hybrid rice system,which relies on cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS),faces challenges in breeding efficiency.To address these challenges,we developed CMS engineering breeding technology(CEBT).First,we constructed a complementation vector containing the fertility restoration module Double Rf4-Rf20,sorting marker gene DsRed2,and pollen lethal gene ZmAA1,then transformed this into a CMS line.We obtained reproductive lines without alterations to main agronomic traits,which can produce engineering sterile lines(ESL)and reproductive line seeds at a 1:1 ratio by self-crossing.CEBT converts the traditional three-line system into an efficient‘new two-line’hybrid framework:the reproductive line is improved while simultaneously improving the ESL,which significantly shortens the breeding process for three-line hybrid rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32172000)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.2023CX10)+1 种基金the Hunan Province Key Research and Development Program Project,China(Grant No.2023NK2004)the Project of State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice,China(Grant Nos.2023MS05 and 2022ZD06).
文摘Hybrid rice has significantly contributed to China’s food security.Mixed sowing and harvesting of parental lines have proven effective for mechanization and cost reduction.The hull color difference between red and yellow makes the red hull an ideal germplasm resource for efficient hybrid seed separation.The rice hull of Chuan 7 is red,and genetic linkage analysis combined with fine mapping located the red hull gene,OsRH3,within an 83.5 kb interval,containing 18 predicted genes.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-22)the Key Special Projects in National Key Research and Development Plan of China (2017YFD0301504 and 2016YFD0300900)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project in Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China (2017JC47)the International Plant Nutrition Institute, Canada (IPNI China Program: Hunan-18)
文摘The double-rice cropping system is a very important intensive cropping system for food security in China. There have been few studies of the sustainability of yield and accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the double-rice cropping system following a partial substitution of chemical fertilizer by Chinese milk vetch (Mv). We conducted a 10-year (2008–2017) field experiment in Nan County, South-Central China, to examine the double-rice productivity and SOC accumulation in a paddy soil in response to different fertilization levels and Mv application (22.5 Mg ha^–1). Fertilizer and Mv were applied both individually and in combination (sole chemical fertilizers, Mv plus 100, 80, 60, 40, and 0% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers, labeled as F100, MF100, MF80, MF60, MF40, and MF0, respectively). It was found that the grain yields of double-rice crop in treatments receiving Mv were reduced when the dose of chemical fertilizer was reduced, while the change in SOC stock displayed a double peak curve. The MF100 produced the highest double-rice yield and SOC stock, with the value higher by 13.5 and 26.8% than that in the F100. However, the grain yields increased in the MF80 (by 8.4% compared to the F100), while the SOC stock only increased by 8.4%. Analogous to the change of grain yield, the sustainable yield index (SYI) of double rice were improved significantly in the MF100 and MF80 compared to the F100, while there was a slight increase in the MF60 and MF40. After a certain amount of Mv input (22.5 Mg ha^–1), the carbon sequestration rate was affected by the nutrient input due to the stimulation of microbial biomass. Compared with the MF0, the MF100 and MF40 resulted in a dramatically higher carbon sequestration rate (with the value higher by 71.6 and 70.1%), whereas the MF80 induced a lower carbon sequestration rate with the value lower by 70.1% compared to the MF0. Based on the above results we suggested that Mv could partially replace chemical fertilizers (e.g., 40–60%) to improve or maintain the productivity and sustainability of the double-rice cropping system in South-Central China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41907032)the Major Science,and Technology Programs of Changsha(No.kq2006026)the High Technology Industry S&T Innovation Leading Project of Hunan Province(No.2020NK2001)。
文摘The association between the rhizospheric microbial community and Cd accumulation in rice is poorly understood.A field trial was conducted to investigate the different rhizobacterial communities of two rice cultivars with high Cd accumulation(HA)and low Cd accumulation(LA)at four growth stages.Results showed that the Cd content in the roots of the HA cultivar was 1.23-27.53 higher than that of the LA cultivar(0.08-10.5μg/plant)at four stages.The LA cultivar had a significantly lower Cd availability in rhizosphere and a higher quantity of iron plaque(IP)on the root surface than the HA cultivar at four stages.This resulted in the reduction of Cd concentration in IPs and Cd translocation from IP-to-root.Microbial analysis indicated that the LA cultivar formed a distinct rhizobacterial community from the HA cultivar and had lessα-diversity.The rhizosphere of the LA cultivar was enriched in specific bacterial taxa(e.g.,Massilia and Bacillus)involved in Cd immobilization by phosphate precipitation and IP formation by iron oxidization.However,the rhizosphere in the HA cultivar assembled abundant sulfur-oxidizing bacteria(e.g.,Sulfuricurvum)and iron reduction bacteria(Geobacter).They promoted Cd mobilization and reduced IP formation via the metal redox process.This study reveals a potential approach in which specific rhizobacteria decrease or increase Cd accumulation in rice on contaminated soil and provides a new perspective for secure rice production.
基金supported by Ph D research startup foundation of Hengyang Normal University(Grant No.2020QD17)China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-23-G-29)
文摘The stay-green trait is of considerable importance in extending the shelf life of green pepper fruit(Capsicum annuum L.)and in enhancing the appearance of ornamental plants.The study revealed the genetic and regulatory mechanisms of the stay-green trait in pepper,which will aid in the selection of ornamental pepper varieties.In this study,a pepper mutant with stay-green fruit named TNX348 was identified from a germplasm resource bank.Two segregating populations were constructed using the stay-green mutant TNX348 and then used in bulked segregant analysis combined with RNA sequencing and linkage analyses.The causal gene of the stay-green trait was mapped to an approximately 131-kb region,and a senescence-induced chloroplast protein gene,CaSGR1(Capana01g000359),was identified as a candidate gene.Sequencing analysis revealed a G→A single-base mutation of CaSGR1 in TNX348 that led to early termination of translation.Based on the single-base mutation,a single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)marker co-segregating with the stay-green trait was developed.Furthermore,in transcriptome analysis,expression patterns of 11 hormone transduction-related transcription factors,such as abscisic acid-insensitive(ABI),abscisic acidresponsive element-binding factor(ABF),and NAC transcription factor,were similar or opposite to that of CaSGR1.The results indicated that the transcription factors might mediate chlorophyll degradation by regulating the expression of CaSGR1.
基金funded by the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovative Project of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. QL20220107)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province, China (Grant Nos. 2021RC4066 and 2023NK1010)the Special Funds for the Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 2021NK1012)。
文摘Long-term storage of crop seeds is critical for the conservation of germplasm resources, ensuring food supply, and supporting sustainable production. Rice, as a major food staple, has a substantial stock for consumption and production worldwide. However, its food value and seed viability tend to decline during storage. Understanding the physiological responses and molecular mechanisms of aging tolerance forms the basis for enhancing seed storability in rice. This review outlines the latest progress in influential factors, evaluation methods, and identification indices of seed storability. It also discusses the physiological consequences, molecular mechanisms, and strategies for breeding aging-tolerant rice in detail. Finally, it highlights challenges in seed storability research that require future attention. This review offers a theoretical foundation and research direction for uncovering the mechanisms behind seed storability and breeding aging-tolerant rice.
基金This work was supported by China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-23-G29).
文摘The male-sterile line has been largely used in the hybrid seed production of pepper, which can effectively improve the efficiency of hybrid seed production. However, the formation mechanism of male sterility in pepper remains unclear. In the present study, we compared the gene expression patterns between pepper cytoplasmic male sterile line 9704 A and its maintainer 9704 B during floral bud development using RNA sequencing technology. A total of 547 976 and 2 416 Differentially Expressed Genes(DEGs) were identified in the stage S1, S2 and S3, respectively,and more than 70% of the DEGs were down-regulated in the sterile line. Gene Ontology(GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to further understand the functions of these identified DEGs. The results showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways of starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions. A number of genes, such as MS1, PME5, ATPB, and lots of transcription factors were found down-regulated in the sterile line, and we also identified a series of genes with large differences in expression patterns between sterile line and maintainer line. Collectively, our findings laid a foundation for further molecular breeding in pepper and provided new insights into its mechanism underlying the male sterility.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Plan Project,China(2012BAD14B17-1)Key and Special Project of Hunan Province Science and Technology,China(2011FJ1002-3)
文摘A field experiment of organic manure, passivator and their complex was conducted to study the soil Cd bioavailability in the Cd polluted paddy soil. The results showed that the rice yield increased with the applications of organic manure, passivator and their complex, especially, the rice yields of applying 3 000 and 6 000 kg/hm^2 of organic manure increased significantly by 18.6% （ P 〈0.05） and 20.9% （P 〈0.05） because of the increase of rice economic coefficient. There had no significant change of the soil pH values and the soil available Cd contents, but the Cd distribution ratios in rice were lowered by applying organic manure, and the Cd contents of rice applying 3 000 and 6 005 kg/hm^2 of organic manure dropped by 14.3% （ P 〉 0.05） and 21.4% （ P 〉 0.05） compared with chemical fertilizer treatment, respectively. But applying with passivator and passivator fertilized with 3 000 and 6 000 kg/hm^2 of organic manure, the soil pH values increased and the soil available Cd contents decreased significantly, so that to restrain the rice＇s Cd absorption and accumulation. The rice Cd contents lowered by 28.6% （ P 〈 0.05）, 28.6% （ P 〈 0.05） and 42.9% （ P 〈 0.05）, the stem C,d contents lowered by 8.9% （ P 〉 0.05）, 29.7% （ P 〈 0.05） and 43.6% （ P 〈 0.05）, and the leaf Cd contents decreased by 18.8% （ P 〈 0.05）, 25.0% （ P 〈 0.05） and 25.0% （ P 〈 0.05）, respectively. It enhanced the inactivate effect of passivator significantly when fertilized with organic manure.
基金supported by The General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.C150202)The National Key Research and Development Programof China(Grant No.2019YFD1000300)The Hunan province Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019NK2191)。
文摘Genes containing GTP_EFTU domain mainly express elongation factors(EF),Small GTPases,and GTP-binding proteins,which are closely related to protein synthesis,extension and ATP synthesis.In this study,we identified 39 genes containing GTP_EFTU domains from peppers.The evolutionary trees constructed from capsicum,Arabidopsis,rice,and tomato are mainly divided into 7 subfamilies.Using PacBio(Pacific Biosciences)sequencing and assembly data,we extracted these 39 gene sequences,fromwhich 25 genes had alternative splicing.Particularly,the Capana08g000545 had 16 alternative splicing processes.Accordingly,we performed promoter sequence analysis,subcellular location prediction,the expression analysis of different tissues and periods,and also the GO(Gene ontology)analysis of co-expressed genes.Lastly we did the qRTPCR analysis in 5 stages of pepper fruit development.These analyses revealed important structural and functional information for the identified 39 genes that contain GTP_EFTU domains,providing important references for further follow-up experiments to verify the genes function on plants or their unique roles in peppers.
基金financially supported by the National HighTech R&D Program of China(2012AA101103)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(11JJ3032)the Major Project of China for Cultivation Technology of New Varieties of Genetically Modified Organisms,Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2014ZX08009-024B and 2014ZX08009003-004-009)
文摘Eating and cooking qualities（ECQs） of rice are important attributes due to its major influence on consumer acceptability. To better understand the molecular mechanism of the variation in ECQs, we investigated and compared the expressions among different alleles of the Waxy（Wx） gene and its effect on ECQs in specialty rice cultivars. The results showed that the accumulation of amylose was positively and significantly correlated to the level of mature Wx m RNA and granule-bound starch synthase I（GBSS I） in developing rice grain at 12 days after flowering. The amount of GBSS I and its activity together are the main factors controlling amylose synthesis. Differences in ECQs among five Wx allele types were investigated in samples from 15 rice varieties. The apparent amylose content（AAC） and gel consistency（GC） were similar in each type of Wx allele. The AAC followed the order, Wx^a type〉Wx^in type〉Wx^b type〉Wx^mq type〉wx. Contrary to this, the GC showed an opposite trend compared to AAC. There was a wide variation in rapid visco analyzer（RVA） profile among five Wx allele types, while varieties sharing a specified Wx allele had basically the similar RVA profile, although there was a slight difference in some RVA parameters, peak, hot paste and cool paste viscosities.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1400700)the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province,China(2022NK2014)+2 种基金the Hunan Natural Science Foundation,China(2022JJ40234)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project of Hunan Province,China(2022CX1)the Changsha Natural Science Foundation,China(kq2202338).
文摘Plant virus causes massive crop losses globally.However,there is currently no effective measure to control plant viral disease.Previously,we identify an antiviral protein Rhp-PSP,produced by the bacterial Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain JSC-3b.In this study,we discover that the antiviral activity of Rhp-PSP relies on its endoribonuclease activity.Converting the arginine(R)residue at position 129 onto alanine(A)abolishs its endoribonuclease activity on coat protein(CP)RNA of tobacco mosaic virus(TMV),consequentially,compromises the antiviral activity of Rhp-PSP.Further investigation demonstrates that,the mutant Rhp-PSP^(R129A)is unable to form the homotrimer as the wild type,indicating the importance of quaternary junction for the endoribonuclease activity.Overexpression of Rhp-PSP in Nicotiana benthamiana significantly enhances the resistance against TMV of seedlings,while expression of Rhp-PSP^(R129A)did not,confirming that endoribonuclease activity is responsible for the antiviral activity of Rhp-PSP.In addition,foliar spray of Rhp-PSP solution on tomato and pepper plants significantly reduces the disease index of viral diseases,indicating that Rhp-PSP shows potential to develop antiviral agent in practice.
文摘In the light of the national policy of fallow, this study was conducted to determine how the different water management and lime application would affect soil physical and chemical properties, rice yield and cadmium （Cd） content of rice in fallow season. The results showed that, compared with the arid fallow, the waterlogging fallow decreased the soil pH value whereas signifcantly increased the soil organic matter content and the cation exchange quantity, and reduced the soil effective cadmium content and the rice cadmium content whereas could increase the rice yield to a certain extent. In the fooded fallow or the dry fallow, the application of lime mainly depended on the alkali conditioning of lime and the antagonistic effect of Ca2＋, which could signifcantly reduce the cadmium content of rice, and its effect would increase linearly with the increase of lime dosage, whereas had no significant effect on soil organic matter content and cation exchange quantity. In order to establish a linear equation of lime dosage and related indexes under the condition of waterlogging fallow or dry fallow, calculations showed that each application of lime at 1 000 kg/hm2 or kg/hmss2 could improve soil pH value by 0.238 2 or 0.246 5units respectively, and reduce the effective Cd content to 0.007 5 mg/kg both in the arid fallow and the waterlogging fallow conditions. The lime theoretic application rate for the lowest Cd content of late rice in the arid fallow was 5 120 kg/hm2, and the minimum limit of the Cd content in rice was 0.124 2 mg/kg; and the lime theoretic application rate for the highest yield of late rice in the submerged water fallow was 4 636 kg/hm2, the minimum theoretic Cd content in rice is 0.100 7 mg/kg, and it could reduce the Cd content in rice under the condition of submerged fallow and decrease the dosage of lime.
基金supported by the Hunan Science and Technology Innovation Program Project(Grant No.2021NK1006)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U19A2028 and 32130097)This Research supported by the highperformance computing platform of Bioinformatics Center,Nanjing Agricultural University。
文摘An analysis of genome-wide gene expression profiles during floral organ development can provide important clues about the molecular basis of gene functions and developmental processes.In this study,we analyzed the transcriptome data of 36 samples obtained during floral organ development from pepper‘6421’and detected 30016 genes that were expressed in at least one sample.K-means clustering analysis was used to classify the data into 16 clusters based on the similarities between the dynamic expression profiles of genes.Of these,15 clusters exhibited notable up-regulation or down-regulation trends in different developmental stages or tissues of floral organs.We identified transcription factors expressed at the early,medium,and late stages of bud development(F1,F5,F9).Transcription factor families such as AP2-ERF,MADS-box,MYB,bHLH,and NAC showed significant levels of enrichment.In comparison with genes expressed in vegetative tissues at different stages,certain genes were specifically up-regulated during flower development;among these,the number of genes specifically up-regulated during the stamen(Sta10)and bud tetrad development(F4)stages was the highest.Through extensive studies of the ABCDE model of flower development in Arabidopsis,we identified 17 ABCDE model candidate genes in pepper,most of which were up-regulated at specific stages of flower bud development.The expression data provided in this study is the most comprehensive dataset available for pepper to date and will serve as a resource for identifying the functions of many specific genes involved in flower development in pepper and other Solanaceae plants.
基金Supported by Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Fund of Ministry of Science and Technology (2007GB2D200225)Master Degree Paper Innovation Fund of Central South University (2010SSXt045)
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to construct DNA fingerprint for hybrid rice cultivars those have been approved by Hunan Province. [Method] The primers which produced polymorphic and bright DNA bands were selected to construct the DNA molecular fingerprint map for 77 major hybrid rice cultivars approved by Hunan Province. [ Result] A total of 48 SSR primers were selected. Every cultivar had its unique fingerprint map so that the obtained data could identify differ- ent hybrid rice cultivars. [ Conclusion] This study made great contributions to the perfection of hybrid rice germplasm identification.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD1001800)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS24-C-04)+1 种基金supported by the Science&Technology Public Welfare Project of Ningbo City,China(202002N3005)K.C.Wong Education Foundation,China。
文摘Cre/loxP,a site-specific recombination system,has been widely used for various purposes,including chromosomal translocations,generation of marker-free transgenic plants,tissue-specific activation of a reporter gene and efficient heterologous gene expression in plants.However,stable or transient expression of Cre recombinase in plants can cause chlorosis or necrosis.Here,we describe a modified Cre/loxP recombination system using a DNA fragment flanked with loxP sites in the same orientation in which necrosis induced by Cre recombinase in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves was alleviated.The modified system was successfully used to create functional GFP-tagged pepper mild mottle virus(PMMoV)and a chimeric virus with coat protein(CP)substitution assembled from separate pro-vector modules.Our results provide a new strategy and flexible technique to construct chimeric virus and infectious clones for plant viruses with large genomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC-32201712,32470328)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (2021JJ10015,2023JJ10025)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1401100).
文摘Receptor kinases play a pivotal role in detecting environmental signals,and consequently,gene pleiotropy is frequently observed within this family.However,the trade-off in trait expression resulting from gene pleiotropy poses a constraint on the utilization of such genes in agricultural breeding.In this study,we identified the receptor kinase gene FERONIA-Like Receptor 13(FLR13)as a pleiotropic gene influencing plant height,tillering,grain yield,and disease resistance.Using promoter editing,we generated novel alleles(FLR13T5T6-1,FLR13T5T6-2)that confer resistance to rice blast and increase per-plant yield.The knockout of the T5T6 segment alleviates the inhibitory effects of two transcription factors,OsGBP1 and OsWRKY53,on FLR13 expression.In summary,our study presents a promising avenue for enhancing the pivotal attributes of receptor-like kinases through a promoter-editing strategy.
基金Supported by Grants from China National Major Special Project on New Varieties Cultivation for Transgenic Organisms(2008ZX08001-001)
文摘Focusing on several commonly used insect resistance genes,we reviewed the advances in insect-resistant transgenic rice,and analyzed the problems and developing tendency in transgenic rice research in this paper.
基金Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Hunan Province(2019LS06).
文摘[Objectives]To establish a simple,rapid and accurate method for identifying the genetic relationship of hybrid rice varieties to their parents.[Methods]Taking F1 hybrids Liangyou 336,Deliangyou Huazhan,and the parents of Liangyou 336,i.e.,C815S(♀)and R336(♂),as experimental materials,the genetic relationship of the hybrid rice varieties to the parental materials was identified by way of PCR amplification with the 48 pairs of SSR primers of Protocol for Identification of Rice Varieties:SSR Marker Method(NY/T 1433-2014).[Results]The genetic relationship of the hybrid rice varieties could be determined by comparing the PCR amplification products of the mixed DNA of the parents and the DNA of the F1 hybrids.[Conclusions]This method not only reduced the number of samples required but also had a good visual effect and high accuracy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32172000)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.2022CX07).
文摘Fragrant rice is favored worldwide by consumers and rice breeders,due to its full aroma and high nutritional value.Loss of function of the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene(OsBADH2)leads to aroma in rice.Our previous sequencing results showed that fragrant rice Chuan 7 belongs to badh2-E14 type,with a 1 bp insertion mutation in exon 14(Sun et al,2021),and this allele mutation is mainly distributed in Nepal and India(Kovach et al,2009).
