Extracorporeal liver surgery(ELS), also known as liver autotransplantation, is a hybrid(cross-fertilized) surgery incorporating the technical knowledge from extreme liver and transplant liver surgeries, and recently b...Extracorporeal liver surgery(ELS), also known as liver autotransplantation, is a hybrid(cross-fertilized) surgery incorporating the technical knowledge from extreme liver and transplant liver surgeries, and recently became more embraced and popularized among leading centers. ELS could be summarized into three major categories, namely, ex-situ liver resection and autotransplantation(ELRA), ante-situm liver resection and autotransplantation(ALRA) and auxiliary partial liver autotransplantation(APLA). The successful development of ELS during the past 37 years is definitely inseparable from continuous effort s done by Chinese surgeons and researchers. Especially, the precision liver surgery paradigm has allowed to transform ELS into a modularized, more simplified, and standardized surgery, to upgrade surgical skills, to improve peri-operative outcome and long-term survival, to increase the capability of surgeons to select more complex diseases and to expand the level of medical service to the population. This review highlights the Chinese contributions to the field of ELS, focusing thereby on features of different surgical types, technical innovations, disease selection and surgical indication, patient prognosis and future perspectives.展开更多
Inborn errors of metabolism(IEM)are rare disorders,most are liver-based with liver transplantation(LT)emerging as an effective cure in the pediatric population.LT has been shown to offer a cure or deter disease progre...Inborn errors of metabolism(IEM)are rare disorders,most are liver-based with liver transplantation(LT)emerging as an effective cure in the pediatric population.LT has been shown to offer a cure or deter disease progression and provide symptomatic improvement in patients with IEM.Each metabolic disorder is unique,with the missing enzyme or transporter protein causing substrate deficiency or toxic byproduct production.Knowledge about the distribution of deficient enzymes,the percentage of enzymes replaced by LT,and the extent of extrahepatic involvement helps anticipate and manage complications in the perioperative period.Most patients have multisystem involvement and can be on complex dietary regimens.Metabolic decompensation can be triggered due to the stress response to surgery,fasting and other unanticipated complications perioperatively.Thus,a multidisciplinary team’s input including those from metabolic specialists is essential to develop disease and patient-specific strategies for the perioperative management of these patients during LT.In this review,we outline the classification of IEM,indications for LT along with potential benefits,basic metabolic defects and their implications,details of extrahepatic involvement and perioperative management strategies for LT in children with some of the commonly presenting IEM,to assist anesthesiologists handling this cohort of patients.展开更多
Liver transplantation represents a complex surgical procedure and serves as a curative treatment for patients presenting an acute or chronic end-stage liver disease, or carefully selected liver malignancy. A significa...Liver transplantation represents a complex surgical procedure and serves as a curative treatment for patients presenting an acute or chronic end-stage liver disease, or carefully selected liver malignancy. A significant gap still exists between the number of available donor organs and potential recipients. The use of an otherwise-wasted resected liver lobe from patients with benign liver tumors is a new, albeit small, option to alleviate the allograft shortage. This review provides evidence that resected liver lobes may be used successfully in liver transplantation.展开更多
To the Editor:Theoretically,autologous liver transplantation is posited as a treatment for patients experiencing traumatic liver rupture.How-ever,the procedural complexity and its infrequent application by the medical...To the Editor:Theoretically,autologous liver transplantation is posited as a treatment for patients experiencing traumatic liver rupture.How-ever,the procedural complexity and its infrequent application by the medical community have resulted in a lack of documented suc-cesses.This report presented the efficacious intervention in a pa-tient presenting with polytraumatic injuries involving the thoracic and abdominal regions,namely right-sided hemothorax,contusion and hematoma of the right lung,splenic rupture,lateral damage to the common bile duct,disruption of the left portal vein branch and left hepatic duct,incisions in the hepatic segments IV,V,VI,VII,and VIII,laceration of the right adrenal gland,rupture of the right hepatic venous trunk and retro-hepatic inferior vena cava(RHIVC),and pancreatic hematoma.展开更多
Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. While liver transplantation (LT) provides the best long-term survival, it is constrained by organ scarcity and strict criteria....Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. While liver transplantation (LT) provides the best long-term survival, it is constrained by organ scarcity and strict criteria. Liver resection (LR) is often the initial treatment for patients with solitary tumors and preserved liver function. The high recurrence rates associated with LR has prompted the exploration of sequential living donor liver transplantation (seq LDLT) after LR as a strategy for HCC patients with high-risk of recurrence.Methods:We analyzed data from 27 adult patients who underwent seq LDLT after LR for HCC at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (KCGMH) between June 1994 and December 2023. Patients were selected based on high-risk histopathological features post-LR or as part of downstaging strategy. Outcomes measured included overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).Results:Among 765 HCC patients who underwent LDLT, 204 received LR before LDLT, and 27 underwent seqL DLT. Five patients (19%) underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) following LR as a downstaging strategy while the rest received seqL DLT as a preemptive strategy. The median age was 53.5 years with 85%males. Chronic hepatitis B was the predominant underlying disease (74%). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and DFS rates were 100%, 96.0%, 96.0%and 100%, 96.2%, 96.2%, respectively, with two patients experiencing HCC recurrence. One patient died from HCC recurrence. High-risk histopathological features included microvascular invasion (52%), satellite nodules (15%), multiple tumors (26%), tumors> 5 cm(19%), and a total tumor diameter> 10 cm (7%).Conclusions:Seq LDLT offers a promising, tailored approach for managing HCC with adverse histopathologic features. Combining seq LDLT, downstaging strategies, and multidisciplinary treatments can achieve satisfactory OS and DFS in carefully selected patients, highlighting the need for refined criteria to identify the best candidates.展开更多
Liver transplantation is hindered by organ shortage. The potential way to relieve this issue is to expand the donor pool via extending the donor criteria and make full use of all available grafts. The concept of “no-...Liver transplantation is hindered by organ shortage. The potential way to relieve this issue is to expand the donor pool via extending the donor criteria and make full use of all available grafts. The concept of “no-donor” liver transplantation allows grafts to be recovered from other liver recipients. This review summarizes the current clinical practice of “no-donor” liver transplantation, focusing on the experiences of Chinese transplant teams. Domino liver transplantation was introduced by Furtado in 1995 and implemented later in 2013 in China, and novel donor indications including some essential-to-treat inherited metabolic liver-based diseases have emerged. The concept of cross-auxiliary domino liver transplantation brings a further expansion of the domino liver graft pool, and the first pair of liver transplantation performed “rigorously without donation” was accomplished in our center in 2018. Our experience with this original transplantation procedure is hereby reviewed. In order to further promote and make successful “no-donor” liver transplantation, close co-operation between researchers, surgeons, physicians, organ procurement organizations, as well as ethical committees is required.展开更多
To establish practical,evidence-based strategies for noninvasive assessment and referral of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)in Japan,we must address the urgent clinical nee...To establish practical,evidence-based strategies for noninvasive assessment and referral of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)in Japan,we must address the urgent clinical need for accurate risk stratification and timely specialist intervention.A panel of 11 Japanese hepatology experts conducted a modified Delphi process to evaluate consensus recommendations regarding the use of noninvasive tests(NITs),including the fibrosis-4 index,enhanced liver fibrosis test,Mac-2-binding protein glycosylation isomer,type IV collagen 7S,cytokeratin-18 fragments,and imaging modalities such as ultrasound elastography and magnetic resonance elastography,for MASLD assessment and clinical referral.Practical algorithms were developed based on current Japanese data and panel consensus.The expert panel validated the utility of NITs as reliable tools for identifying patients with MASLD at risk for advanced fibrosis.Sequential use of NITs improved diagnostic accuracy and referral appropriateness while minimizing unnecessary specialist consultations.The proposed algorithms offer stepwise guidance for primary care physicians,supporting efficient,evidence-based decisionmaking.However,prospective longitudinal studies remain necessary for full prognostic validation of NITs in MASLD management.Noninvasive testing algorithms enable effective risk stratification and referral for MASLD in real-world Japanese practice with anticipated benefit for patient outcomes and healthcare systems.Broader adoption and further validation are warranted.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pediatric liver transplantation(LT)is the definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease and acute liver failure in children.However,graft size mismatch poses significant challenges,particularly in infant...BACKGROUND Pediatric liver transplantation(LT)is the definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease and acute liver failure in children.However,graft size mismatch poses significant challenges,particularly in infants weighing less than 10 kg.Large-forsize grafts can lead to severe complications,including vascular thrombosis and impaired graft perfusion.Surgical innovations,such as hyper-reduced left lateral segment(HRLLS)grafts and monosegmental grafts(MSG),offer viable solutions by tailoring graft size without compromising vascular or biliary integrity.AIM To analyze the techniques and outcomes of HRLLS and MSG grafts in pediatric liver trabsplantation.METHODS Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines,a comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar,including studies up to February 2025.Eligible studies included case-control,observational,and randomized controlled trials reporting clinical outcomes of HRLLS,MSG,or reduced left lateral segment grafts(RLLS)in pediatric LT.The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used for quality assessment.Meta-analysis was performed using MetaXL software to pool survival outcomes and assess complication profiles.RESULTS Eighteen studies involving various graft reduction techniques were included.Both HRLLS and MSG demonstrated comparable one-year survival rates exceeding 80%,with some studies reporting rates above 95%.Complications such as hepatic artery thrombosis,portal vein thrombosis,and sepsis were slightly more frequent in HRLLS/RLLS recipients but remained within acceptable limits.Meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in survivability between graft types.CONCLUSION HRLLS and MSG techniques enable successful liver transplantation in small pediatric recipients,achieving longterm outcomes comparable to standard approaches.These graft modification strategies expand donor pool utilization and optimize patient survival while mitigating large-for-size complications.展开更多
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)is now the predominant global cause of chronic liver disease and represents a major indication for liver transplantation.Post-transplant MASLD manifests a...Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)is now the predominant global cause of chronic liver disease and represents a major indication for liver transplantation.Post-transplant MASLD manifests as recurrent disease in nearly all recipients by five years post-transplantation,while de novo MASLD shows variable incidence(18%-78%).Although histologically similar,recurrent MASLD follows a more aggressive trajectory,with accelerated fibrosis and cirrhosis.Metabolic disturbances,immunosuppression regimens,donorrelated factors,and chronic inflammation synergistically contribute to disease pathogenesis.The disorder not only compromises graft function but is also associated with elevated cardiovascular and overall morbidity,and malignancy risk.Despite advancements in noninvasive diagnostics,histopathology remains essential for definitive diagnosis and prognostic stratification.Management should prioritize metabolic optimization,lifestyle intervention,and tailored immunosuppressive regimens.Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists represent a promising therapeutic avenue.However,the absence of standardized,transplant-specific guidelines is a significant limitation.Further research is necessary to define diagnostic criteria,risk stratification,and targeted therapy to improve graft survival and patient outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Case reports of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)-related liver injury have been relatively limited in the past decade.In more than 1200 cases of drug-induced liver injury,TCM accounted for 20.6%of the case...BACKGROUND Case reports of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)-related liver injury have been relatively limited in the past decade.In more than 1200 cases of drug-induced liver injury,TCM accounted for 20.6%of the cases.Among the chemical components that cause important liver injury,alkaloids(such as chrysanthemum,notoginseng)are typical,mainly causing veno-occlusive disease,and progressing to liver failure in severe cases.Other alkaloids,such as aristolochic acid,have also been associated with liver cancer risk.CASE SUMMARY In this case report,we present a unique case of a 35-year-old female patient with progressive jaundice within one month after intake of alkaloid-containing TCM,followed by a rapid development of liver injury that progressed to liver failure,and finally,receiving liver transplantation.The clinical diagnosis of TCM-related liver injury is usually an exclusion diagnosis,with a lack of characteristic imaging signs or specific clinical symptoms,resulting in a delay in diagnosis.CONCLUSION This case shows that the patient received liver transplantation due to progressive liver failure after multiple conservative treatment modalities,thus,with a good prognosis and survival.It provides valuable guidance for the clinical diagnosis of liver injury and the timing of liver transplantation treatment caused by alkaloid hepatotoxic drugs.展开更多
To the Editor:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)represents the fifth most com-mon malignancy and the third cancer-related cause of death worldwide[1].Among several treatment modalities for HCC,liver transplantation(LT)is a...To the Editor:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)represents the fifth most com-mon malignancy and the third cancer-related cause of death worldwide[1].Among several treatment modalities for HCC,liver transplantation(LT)is a preferred option for selected patients[2,3],which removes the tumor and targets the underlying liver disease simultaneously.To minimize the incidence of tumor recurrence,the Milan criteria and subsequently a series of expanded criteria such as UCSF and Hangzhou criteria were introduced[4-6].How-ever,tumor recurrence,which was partially ascribed to the im-paired function of antitumor immune responses following LT,still remains a pivotal obscure that hinders long-term survival[7,8].The human liver is characterized by a dual blood supply,with 80%of blood from the portal vein carrying bacterial endotoxin from the gastrointestinal tract.Liver is thus constantly exposed to a large load of intestinal antigens.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus(DM)and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)are common metabolic disorders,and their coexistence can exacerbate the progression of either disease.Human umbilical cord mesenchymal...BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus(DM)and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)are common metabolic disorders,and their coexistence can exacerbate the progression of either disease.Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell(hUCMSC)therapy has shown promising potential in the treatment of several metabolic diseases.AIM To investigate how hUC-MSCs affect liver metabolism in diabetic rats with MAFLD and assess their therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms.METHODS A streptozotocin-induced rat model of DM with MAFLD was established,and hUC-MSCs were administered via tail vein injection.Changes in body weight,fasting blood glucose(FBG),and serum triglyceride(TG),alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase levels,and pathological changes of liver were evaluated.Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to assess the diagnostic value of differential metabolites and their ability to predict the therapeutic effects of hUC-MSCs.Spearman correlation was employed to analyze the relationships between liver metabolites and key biochemical markers.RESULTS hUC-MSC treatment significantly reduced FBG and TG levels in diabetic rats with MAFLD and improved histological steatosis and injury in the liver.Metabolomic analysis indicated that hUC-MSCs significantly ameliorated liver metabolic disturbances via their regulatory effect on several key metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate,amino acid,and lipid metabolism.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that 70 differential metabolites had good diagnostic value for DM with MAFLD and could effectively predict the therapeutic effect of hUC-MSCs.Moreover,Spearman correlation analysis confirmed that significant correlations existed between differential liver metabolites and the concentrations of biochemical markers(FBG,TG,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase).CONCLUSION hUC-MSCs alleviate liver metabolic disturbances in diabetic rats with MAFLD,thereby mitigating the pathological state of DM and slowing the progression of MAFLD.展开更多
BACKGROUND The colon is the hollow viscera that proportionally has the lowest vascular supply and is more predisposed to ischemic colitis.In the context of end-stage liver disease,various components may explain this g...BACKGROUND The colon is the hollow viscera that proportionally has the lowest vascular supply and is more predisposed to ischemic colitis.In the context of end-stage liver disease,various components may explain this group's greater predisposition to colonic ischemic events.Furthermore,portal hypertension generates a process of coagulopathy,impairing local vascularization.This case report describes a case of ischemic colitis with small-vessel occlusion found during liver transplantation in a patient with decompensated end-stage liver disease.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old man with liver cirrhosis due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.The patient underwent liver transplantation due to hepatic decompensation.The donor was a 53-year-old man who had died of a hemorrhagic stroke.Cavitary examination revealed diffuse ischemic colitis with significant distention and necrosis.Due to the condition of the colon,a subtotal colectomy was performed.Liver transplantation with warm ischemia time of 35 minutes,cold ischemia of 6 hours 30 minutes and total ischemia time of 7 hours 5 minutes.The patient improved clinically with oral tract function and physiotherapy,but unfortunately,he developed a bloodstream infection,a new septic shock and died six months after surgery.CONCLUSION Simultaneous total colectomy and orthotopic liver transplantation represent a rare situation.Ischemic events have a high mortality rate in the general population and are particularly important in cirrhotic patients.展开更多
In China, liver transplantation is an important discipline in the field of organ transplantation. China Liver Transplant Registry (CLTR) is a scientific project that has been set up to advance surgical techniques and ...In China, liver transplantation is an important discipline in the field of organ transplantation. China Liver Transplant Registry (CLTR) is a scientific project that has been set up to advance surgical techniques and procedures and to improve both short-and long-term post-transplant follow-up and outcome of the liver recipients. CLTR also serves as a robust data support platform for the National Liver Transplant Quality Control Center in the quest to upscale its quality control protocols. The mission of CLTR is to register all liver transplantation activities in the mainland of China and to conduct scientific analyses of the collected data. The huge number of compiled cases and the scientific research conducted over the past decade based on this database drastically revolutionized the clinical practice in the country. All CLTR activities and projects will be a guarantee to foster progresses of liver transplantation in China in a more scientific way, to standardize the systematic care in the field of liver transplantation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Family caregivers of cirrhosis patients(CPs)often experience burden,stress,and depression.Investigating whether these conditions improve following the patient undergoing liver transplantation(LT)is crucial,...BACKGROUND Family caregivers of cirrhosis patients(CPs)often experience burden,stress,and depression.Investigating whether these conditions improve following the patient undergoing liver transplantation(LT)is crucial,as it would elucidate the compre-hensive benefits of the procedure and demonstrate the positive impacts not only on the patients but also on their caregivers and society.AIM To compare the levels of burden,stress and depression among family caregivers of cirrhotic and liver transplant patients.METHODS This cross-sectional observational study evaluated caregivers of CPs and LT recipients at a quaternary Brazilian hospital.Instruments included identification cards,interview scripts,the caregiver burden scale Inventory,Lipp’s Stress Symptom Inventory,and the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition.Psychometric analyses involved confirmatory factor analysis and calculation of McDonald’s omega and composite reliability.Factor scores were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test,with effect size as the rank-biserial correlation coefficient(r).Statistical analysis was performed with R software(P<0.05).RESULTS Seventy-seven CP caregivers and 65 LT recipient caregivers were included.Most were female(CP:85.7%vs LT:84.6%)and the patients’spouses(76.6%vs 63.1%).The median age and caregiving duration were 55.4(23.3-76.3)vs 54.6(25.7-82.1)and 3.9(1-20)vs 8(1.5-24)years,respectively(P=0.001).LT caregivers were less likely to be at risk of overload(21.5%vs 49.4%),to be under stress(33.8%vs 36.4%)and to show symptoms of depression(15.4%vs 35.1%).Compared with LT caregivers,CP caregivers had greater median factor scores for burden(general tension,P=0.012;isolation,P=0.014;disappointment,P=0.004),depression(P=0.008),and stress(P=0.047),with small to moderate effect sizes.The disappointment(r=0.240)and depression(r=0.225)dimensions had the largest effect sizes.CONCLUSION Family caregivers of LT recipients are less likely to exhibit symptoms of burden,stress,and depression,suggesting that the benefits of LT extend to the patients’family members.展开更多
Chronic liver disease has become a global health crisis,with increasing incidence and mortality rates placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide.A key factor in the progression of chronic liver disea...Chronic liver disease has become a global health crisis,with increasing incidence and mortality rates placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide.A key factor in the progression of chronic liver disease is intestinal microbiota dysbiosis,which influences liver function via the intricate liver-gut axis.This axis plays a central role in various physiological processes,and disruptions in microbial composition can exacerbate liver pathology.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy,with the potential to restore the composition and metabolic functions of the intestinal microbiota.Supported by encouraging findings from clinical trials and animal studies,FMT has demonstrated therapeutic benefits,including improvements in clinical symptoms,objective indicators,and long-term prognosis.These benefits encompass reductions in hepatic lipid deposition and inflammation,mitigation of complications in advanced liver disease,promotion of hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion,and enhancement of cognitive function.Although clinical evidence remains preliminary,current data underscore the transformative potential of FMT in managing chronic liver diseases.Nonetheless,challenges persist,including the need for standardized procedures,variability among donors,potential risks,and concerns regarding long-term safety.This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the current literature on the efficacy and safety of FMT,while exploring future research directions to expand its application in liver disease management.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute liver failure(ALF)is a life-threatening multisystemic condition with high short-term mortality.With the growing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome,it is important to investigate the clinical...BACKGROUND Acute liver failure(ALF)is a life-threatening multisystemic condition with high short-term mortality.With the growing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome,it is important to investigate the clinical implications of high body mass index(BMI)on survival outcomes in ALF.AIM To explore the impact of overweight and obesity on the clinical outcomes of patients with ALF.METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted involving patients with ALF admitted to the Johns Hopkins Health System between January 1,2000 and May 1,2020.We performed Cox proportional hazards regression to identify outcomes,including the need for liver transplantation(LT)or all-cause mortality.RESULTS A total of 196 patients were included,the median age was 43.5 years,63.3%were female,and 59.7%were of Caucasian ethnicity.Acetaminophen-induced ALF was the most common etiology(45%).The mean BMI was significantly greater among patients who underwent LT or died(29.64 kg/m^(2)vs 26.59 kg/m^(2),P=0.008)than among survivors.Patients with overweight and obesity had a higher risk of all-cause mortality or need for LT by 2.22-fold(95%CI:1.30-3.78)and 2.04-fold(95%CI:1.29-3.39),respectively.Elevated BMI was associated with renal failure and higher grades of hepatic encephalopathy.Derangements in serologic markers,including alanine transaminase,lactate,and ammonia,were associated with a mortality risk or need for LT.CONCLUSION In this large,retrospective study,with a diverse cohort of United States patients,Overweight and obese were independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality or need for LT.This work highlights the importance of closely monitoring ALF patients who are overweight or obese for adverse complications and measures to improve outcomes in this vulnerable patient population.展开更多
This manuscript is based on a recent study by Pillay et al that was published in recently.Liver abscesses can be caused by rare potentially life-threatening infections of either bacterial or parasitic origin.The incid...This manuscript is based on a recent study by Pillay et al that was published in recently.Liver abscesses can be caused by rare potentially life-threatening infections of either bacterial or parasitic origin.The incidence rate in Europe is lower than in developing countries,but it is a major complication with high morbidity,particularly in immunocompromised patients.They are most frequently caused by Enterobacterales infections,but hypervirulent Klebsiella strains are an emerging problem in Western countries.Amoebiasis has been a public health problem in Europe,primarily imported from other endemic foci.At the same time,this infection is becoming an emerging disease,as the number of infected patients who have not traveled to endemic areas is rising.Treatment options for hydatid liver cyst include chemotherapy,open or laparoscopic surgery,percutaneous treatment(percutaneous aspiration,re-aspiration and injection and its modification)and“wait and watch”strategy.Most hydatid liver cyst patients in Pillay et al’s study received surgical treatment,but several studies have confirmed the safety and efficacy of percutaneous aspiration,re-aspiration and injection.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pediatric living-donor liver transplantation is considered a safe alternative for the treatment of children with end-stage liver disease.Experienced tertiary centers and specialized medical staff are necess...BACKGROUND Pediatric living-donor liver transplantation is considered a safe alternative for the treatment of children with end-stage liver disease.Experienced tertiary centers and specialized medical staff are necessary to ensure compatible long-term survival rates and quality-of-life for these children.AIM To report the results and the 10-year learning curve of a pediatric living-donor liver transplantation program.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pediatric recipients from 2013 to 2023.Post-transplant outcomes and patient survival rates were compared between two 5-year periods of the program.RESULTS A total of 25 and 48 patients underwent transplantation in the first(2013-2017)and second period(2018-2023),respectively.Portal vein and hepatic artery thrombosis occurred in 11(15.1%)and seven(9.6%)patients,respectively.Biliary complications were observed in 39 of 73 patients(53.4%).A lower warm ischemia time was observed in the second period compared to the first(32.6±8.6 minutes vs 38.4±9.8 minutes,P=0.018,respectively).Patient survival rates at 1 and 5 years were 84%in the first period and 91.7%in the second period,with no significant difference(P=0.32).CONCLUSION The reported indications and outcomes align with the current literature.Our findings provide crucial evidence regarding the feasibility of establishing a living donor program with consistent results over time.展开更多
Targeting the gut-liver axis has emerged as a promising strategy in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),a condition that currently represents the most common cause of chron...Targeting the gut-liver axis has emerged as a promising strategy in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),a condition that currently represents the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.Within this axis,the duodenum serves not only as a site of nutrient absorption but also as a metabolic sensor capable of influencing systemic and hepatic homeostasis.We have read with great interest the recent study by Yu et al,investigating the effects of duodenal mucosal ablation(DMA)by irreversible electroporation in a rat model of MASLD.The authors reported remarkable reductions in hepatic lipid content,improvements in serum lipid profiles,and both structural and functional changes in the intestinal mucosa,including alterations in enteroendocrine signaling.These results corroborate the pivotal role of the gut-liver axis in the pathogenesis of MASLD and highlight the potential of minimally invasive approaches targeting the proximal intestine.In this letter,we discuss the broader implications of these findings,emphasizing the translational relevance of intestinal modulation strategies in the comprehensive treatment of MASLD.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Program (12022B4010)BTCH Young Talent En-lightenment Program (2024QMRC24)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2019-I2M-5–056)。
文摘Extracorporeal liver surgery(ELS), also known as liver autotransplantation, is a hybrid(cross-fertilized) surgery incorporating the technical knowledge from extreme liver and transplant liver surgeries, and recently became more embraced and popularized among leading centers. ELS could be summarized into three major categories, namely, ex-situ liver resection and autotransplantation(ELRA), ante-situm liver resection and autotransplantation(ALRA) and auxiliary partial liver autotransplantation(APLA). The successful development of ELS during the past 37 years is definitely inseparable from continuous effort s done by Chinese surgeons and researchers. Especially, the precision liver surgery paradigm has allowed to transform ELS into a modularized, more simplified, and standardized surgery, to upgrade surgical skills, to improve peri-operative outcome and long-term survival, to increase the capability of surgeons to select more complex diseases and to expand the level of medical service to the population. This review highlights the Chinese contributions to the field of ELS, focusing thereby on features of different surgical types, technical innovations, disease selection and surgical indication, patient prognosis and future perspectives.
文摘Inborn errors of metabolism(IEM)are rare disorders,most are liver-based with liver transplantation(LT)emerging as an effective cure in the pediatric population.LT has been shown to offer a cure or deter disease progression and provide symptomatic improvement in patients with IEM.Each metabolic disorder is unique,with the missing enzyme or transporter protein causing substrate deficiency or toxic byproduct production.Knowledge about the distribution of deficient enzymes,the percentage of enzymes replaced by LT,and the extent of extrahepatic involvement helps anticipate and manage complications in the perioperative period.Most patients have multisystem involvement and can be on complex dietary regimens.Metabolic decompensation can be triggered due to the stress response to surgery,fasting and other unanticipated complications perioperatively.Thus,a multidisciplinary team’s input including those from metabolic specialists is essential to develop disease and patient-specific strategies for the perioperative management of these patients during LT.In this review,we outline the classification of IEM,indications for LT along with potential benefits,basic metabolic defects and their implications,details of extrahepatic involvement and perioperative management strategies for LT in children with some of the commonly presenting IEM,to assist anesthesiologists handling this cohort of patients.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82150 0 04)the National Municipal Key Clinical Specialtythe Clinical Research Project for Major Diseases in Municipal Hospitals (SHDC2020CR1022B)。
文摘Liver transplantation represents a complex surgical procedure and serves as a curative treatment for patients presenting an acute or chronic end-stage liver disease, or carefully selected liver malignancy. A significant gap still exists between the number of available donor organs and potential recipients. The use of an otherwise-wasted resected liver lobe from patients with benign liver tumors is a new, albeit small, option to alleviate the allograft shortage. This review provides evidence that resected liver lobes may be used successfully in liver transplantation.
基金supported by a grant from the Climbing Project for Medical Talent of Zhongnan Hospital,Wuhan University(PDJH202215).
文摘To the Editor:Theoretically,autologous liver transplantation is posited as a treatment for patients experiencing traumatic liver rupture.How-ever,the procedural complexity and its infrequent application by the medical community have resulted in a lack of documented suc-cesses.This report presented the efficacious intervention in a pa-tient presenting with polytraumatic injuries involving the thoracic and abdominal regions,namely right-sided hemothorax,contusion and hematoma of the right lung,splenic rupture,lateral damage to the common bile duct,disruption of the left portal vein branch and left hepatic duct,incisions in the hepatic segments IV,V,VI,VII,and VIII,laceration of the right adrenal gland,rupture of the right hepatic venous trunk and retro-hepatic inferior vena cava(RHIVC),and pancreatic hematoma.
文摘Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. While liver transplantation (LT) provides the best long-term survival, it is constrained by organ scarcity and strict criteria. Liver resection (LR) is often the initial treatment for patients with solitary tumors and preserved liver function. The high recurrence rates associated with LR has prompted the exploration of sequential living donor liver transplantation (seq LDLT) after LR as a strategy for HCC patients with high-risk of recurrence.Methods:We analyzed data from 27 adult patients who underwent seq LDLT after LR for HCC at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (KCGMH) between June 1994 and December 2023. Patients were selected based on high-risk histopathological features post-LR or as part of downstaging strategy. Outcomes measured included overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).Results:Among 765 HCC patients who underwent LDLT, 204 received LR before LDLT, and 27 underwent seqL DLT. Five patients (19%) underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) following LR as a downstaging strategy while the rest received seqL DLT as a preemptive strategy. The median age was 53.5 years with 85%males. Chronic hepatitis B was the predominant underlying disease (74%). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and DFS rates were 100%, 96.0%, 96.0%and 100%, 96.2%, 96.2%, respectively, with two patients experiencing HCC recurrence. One patient died from HCC recurrence. High-risk histopathological features included microvascular invasion (52%), satellite nodules (15%), multiple tumors (26%), tumors> 5 cm(19%), and a total tumor diameter> 10 cm (7%).Conclusions:Seq LDLT offers a promising, tailored approach for managing HCC with adverse histopathologic features. Combining seq LDLT, downstaging strategies, and multidisciplinary treatments can achieve satisfactory OS and DFS in carefully selected patients, highlighting the need for refined criteria to identify the best candidates.
基金supported by grants from Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research (2024–1–2022)Beijing Nat-ural Science Foundation (7244318)。
文摘Liver transplantation is hindered by organ shortage. The potential way to relieve this issue is to expand the donor pool via extending the donor criteria and make full use of all available grafts. The concept of “no-donor” liver transplantation allows grafts to be recovered from other liver recipients. This review summarizes the current clinical practice of “no-donor” liver transplantation, focusing on the experiences of Chinese transplant teams. Domino liver transplantation was introduced by Furtado in 1995 and implemented later in 2013 in China, and novel donor indications including some essential-to-treat inherited metabolic liver-based diseases have emerged. The concept of cross-auxiliary domino liver transplantation brings a further expansion of the domino liver graft pool, and the first pair of liver transplantation performed “rigorously without donation” was accomplished in our center in 2018. Our experience with this original transplantation procedure is hereby reviewed. In order to further promote and make successful “no-donor” liver transplantation, close co-operation between researchers, surgeons, physicians, organ procurement organizations, as well as ethical committees is required.
基金Supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI,No.25K11274.
文摘To establish practical,evidence-based strategies for noninvasive assessment and referral of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)in Japan,we must address the urgent clinical need for accurate risk stratification and timely specialist intervention.A panel of 11 Japanese hepatology experts conducted a modified Delphi process to evaluate consensus recommendations regarding the use of noninvasive tests(NITs),including the fibrosis-4 index,enhanced liver fibrosis test,Mac-2-binding protein glycosylation isomer,type IV collagen 7S,cytokeratin-18 fragments,and imaging modalities such as ultrasound elastography and magnetic resonance elastography,for MASLD assessment and clinical referral.Practical algorithms were developed based on current Japanese data and panel consensus.The expert panel validated the utility of NITs as reliable tools for identifying patients with MASLD at risk for advanced fibrosis.Sequential use of NITs improved diagnostic accuracy and referral appropriateness while minimizing unnecessary specialist consultations.The proposed algorithms offer stepwise guidance for primary care physicians,supporting efficient,evidence-based decisionmaking.However,prospective longitudinal studies remain necessary for full prognostic validation of NITs in MASLD management.Noninvasive testing algorithms enable effective risk stratification and referral for MASLD in real-world Japanese practice with anticipated benefit for patient outcomes and healthcare systems.Broader adoption and further validation are warranted.
文摘BACKGROUND Pediatric liver transplantation(LT)is the definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease and acute liver failure in children.However,graft size mismatch poses significant challenges,particularly in infants weighing less than 10 kg.Large-forsize grafts can lead to severe complications,including vascular thrombosis and impaired graft perfusion.Surgical innovations,such as hyper-reduced left lateral segment(HRLLS)grafts and monosegmental grafts(MSG),offer viable solutions by tailoring graft size without compromising vascular or biliary integrity.AIM To analyze the techniques and outcomes of HRLLS and MSG grafts in pediatric liver trabsplantation.METHODS Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines,a comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar,including studies up to February 2025.Eligible studies included case-control,observational,and randomized controlled trials reporting clinical outcomes of HRLLS,MSG,or reduced left lateral segment grafts(RLLS)in pediatric LT.The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used for quality assessment.Meta-analysis was performed using MetaXL software to pool survival outcomes and assess complication profiles.RESULTS Eighteen studies involving various graft reduction techniques were included.Both HRLLS and MSG demonstrated comparable one-year survival rates exceeding 80%,with some studies reporting rates above 95%.Complications such as hepatic artery thrombosis,portal vein thrombosis,and sepsis were slightly more frequent in HRLLS/RLLS recipients but remained within acceptable limits.Meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in survivability between graft types.CONCLUSION HRLLS and MSG techniques enable successful liver transplantation in small pediatric recipients,achieving longterm outcomes comparable to standard approaches.These graft modification strategies expand donor pool utilization and optimize patient survival while mitigating large-for-size complications.
基金Supported by The LTx Unit at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein is financed by the Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Insitucional do SUS(PROADI-SUS)a partnership with the Brazilian Ministry of Health,No.25000.171086/2023-80.
文摘Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)is now the predominant global cause of chronic liver disease and represents a major indication for liver transplantation.Post-transplant MASLD manifests as recurrent disease in nearly all recipients by five years post-transplantation,while de novo MASLD shows variable incidence(18%-78%).Although histologically similar,recurrent MASLD follows a more aggressive trajectory,with accelerated fibrosis and cirrhosis.Metabolic disturbances,immunosuppression regimens,donorrelated factors,and chronic inflammation synergistically contribute to disease pathogenesis.The disorder not only compromises graft function but is also associated with elevated cardiovascular and overall morbidity,and malignancy risk.Despite advancements in noninvasive diagnostics,histopathology remains essential for definitive diagnosis and prognostic stratification.Management should prioritize metabolic optimization,lifestyle intervention,and tailored immunosuppressive regimens.Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists represent a promising therapeutic avenue.However,the absence of standardized,transplant-specific guidelines is a significant limitation.Further research is necessary to define diagnostic criteria,risk stratification,and targeted therapy to improve graft survival and patient outcomes.
基金Supported by Anhui Provincial Department of Education,No.2022AH020077.
文摘BACKGROUND Case reports of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)-related liver injury have been relatively limited in the past decade.In more than 1200 cases of drug-induced liver injury,TCM accounted for 20.6%of the cases.Among the chemical components that cause important liver injury,alkaloids(such as chrysanthemum,notoginseng)are typical,mainly causing veno-occlusive disease,and progressing to liver failure in severe cases.Other alkaloids,such as aristolochic acid,have also been associated with liver cancer risk.CASE SUMMARY In this case report,we present a unique case of a 35-year-old female patient with progressive jaundice within one month after intake of alkaloid-containing TCM,followed by a rapid development of liver injury that progressed to liver failure,and finally,receiving liver transplantation.The clinical diagnosis of TCM-related liver injury is usually an exclusion diagnosis,with a lack of characteristic imaging signs or specific clinical symptoms,resulting in a delay in diagnosis.CONCLUSION This case shows that the patient received liver transplantation due to progressive liver failure after multiple conservative treatment modalities,thus,with a good prognosis and survival.It provides valuable guidance for the clinical diagnosis of liver injury and the timing of liver transplantation treatment caused by alkaloid hepatotoxic drugs.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82300742)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ22H160052).
文摘To the Editor:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)represents the fifth most com-mon malignancy and the third cancer-related cause of death worldwide[1].Among several treatment modalities for HCC,liver transplantation(LT)is a preferred option for selected patients[2,3],which removes the tumor and targets the underlying liver disease simultaneously.To minimize the incidence of tumor recurrence,the Milan criteria and subsequently a series of expanded criteria such as UCSF and Hangzhou criteria were introduced[4-6].How-ever,tumor recurrence,which was partially ascribed to the im-paired function of antitumor immune responses following LT,still remains a pivotal obscure that hinders long-term survival[7,8].The human liver is characterized by a dual blood supply,with 80%of blood from the portal vein carrying bacterial endotoxin from the gastrointestinal tract.Liver is thus constantly exposed to a large load of intestinal antigens.
基金Supported by the National Key Specialty Major Scientific Research Project of the Hunan Provincial Health Commission,No.Z2023158.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus(DM)and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)are common metabolic disorders,and their coexistence can exacerbate the progression of either disease.Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell(hUCMSC)therapy has shown promising potential in the treatment of several metabolic diseases.AIM To investigate how hUC-MSCs affect liver metabolism in diabetic rats with MAFLD and assess their therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms.METHODS A streptozotocin-induced rat model of DM with MAFLD was established,and hUC-MSCs were administered via tail vein injection.Changes in body weight,fasting blood glucose(FBG),and serum triglyceride(TG),alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase levels,and pathological changes of liver were evaluated.Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to assess the diagnostic value of differential metabolites and their ability to predict the therapeutic effects of hUC-MSCs.Spearman correlation was employed to analyze the relationships between liver metabolites and key biochemical markers.RESULTS hUC-MSC treatment significantly reduced FBG and TG levels in diabetic rats with MAFLD and improved histological steatosis and injury in the liver.Metabolomic analysis indicated that hUC-MSCs significantly ameliorated liver metabolic disturbances via their regulatory effect on several key metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate,amino acid,and lipid metabolism.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that 70 differential metabolites had good diagnostic value for DM with MAFLD and could effectively predict the therapeutic effect of hUC-MSCs.Moreover,Spearman correlation analysis confirmed that significant correlations existed between differential liver metabolites and the concentrations of biochemical markers(FBG,TG,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase).CONCLUSION hUC-MSCs alleviate liver metabolic disturbances in diabetic rats with MAFLD,thereby mitigating the pathological state of DM and slowing the progression of MAFLD.
文摘BACKGROUND The colon is the hollow viscera that proportionally has the lowest vascular supply and is more predisposed to ischemic colitis.In the context of end-stage liver disease,various components may explain this group's greater predisposition to colonic ischemic events.Furthermore,portal hypertension generates a process of coagulopathy,impairing local vascularization.This case report describes a case of ischemic colitis with small-vessel occlusion found during liver transplantation in a patient with decompensated end-stage liver disease.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old man with liver cirrhosis due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.The patient underwent liver transplantation due to hepatic decompensation.The donor was a 53-year-old man who had died of a hemorrhagic stroke.Cavitary examination revealed diffuse ischemic colitis with significant distention and necrosis.Due to the condition of the colon,a subtotal colectomy was performed.Liver transplantation with warm ischemia time of 35 minutes,cold ischemia of 6 hours 30 minutes and total ischemia time of 7 hours 5 minutes.The patient improved clinically with oral tract function and physiotherapy,but unfortunately,he developed a bloodstream infection,a new septic shock and died six months after surgery.CONCLUSION Simultaneous total colectomy and orthotopic liver transplantation represent a rare situation.Ischemic events have a high mortality rate in the general population and are particularly important in cirrhotic patients.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82470690 and 92159202)the Major Research Plan of Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province (2024C03149 and 2023C03046)。
文摘In China, liver transplantation is an important discipline in the field of organ transplantation. China Liver Transplant Registry (CLTR) is a scientific project that has been set up to advance surgical techniques and procedures and to improve both short-and long-term post-transplant follow-up and outcome of the liver recipients. CLTR also serves as a robust data support platform for the National Liver Transplant Quality Control Center in the quest to upscale its quality control protocols. The mission of CLTR is to register all liver transplantation activities in the mainland of China and to conduct scientific analyses of the collected data. The huge number of compiled cases and the scientific research conducted over the past decade based on this database drastically revolutionized the clinical practice in the country. All CLTR activities and projects will be a guarantee to foster progresses of liver transplantation in China in a more scientific way, to standardize the systematic care in the field of liver transplantation.
文摘BACKGROUND Family caregivers of cirrhosis patients(CPs)often experience burden,stress,and depression.Investigating whether these conditions improve following the patient undergoing liver transplantation(LT)is crucial,as it would elucidate the compre-hensive benefits of the procedure and demonstrate the positive impacts not only on the patients but also on their caregivers and society.AIM To compare the levels of burden,stress and depression among family caregivers of cirrhotic and liver transplant patients.METHODS This cross-sectional observational study evaluated caregivers of CPs and LT recipients at a quaternary Brazilian hospital.Instruments included identification cards,interview scripts,the caregiver burden scale Inventory,Lipp’s Stress Symptom Inventory,and the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition.Psychometric analyses involved confirmatory factor analysis and calculation of McDonald’s omega and composite reliability.Factor scores were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test,with effect size as the rank-biserial correlation coefficient(r).Statistical analysis was performed with R software(P<0.05).RESULTS Seventy-seven CP caregivers and 65 LT recipient caregivers were included.Most were female(CP:85.7%vs LT:84.6%)and the patients’spouses(76.6%vs 63.1%).The median age and caregiving duration were 55.4(23.3-76.3)vs 54.6(25.7-82.1)and 3.9(1-20)vs 8(1.5-24)years,respectively(P=0.001).LT caregivers were less likely to be at risk of overload(21.5%vs 49.4%),to be under stress(33.8%vs 36.4%)and to show symptoms of depression(15.4%vs 35.1%).Compared with LT caregivers,CP caregivers had greater median factor scores for burden(general tension,P=0.012;isolation,P=0.014;disappointment,P=0.004),depression(P=0.008),and stress(P=0.047),with small to moderate effect sizes.The disappointment(r=0.240)and depression(r=0.225)dimensions had the largest effect sizes.CONCLUSION Family caregivers of LT recipients are less likely to exhibit symptoms of burden,stress,and depression,suggesting that the benefits of LT extend to the patients’family members.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China,No.2022YFC2304505 and No.2021YFC2301801the Beijing Municipal of Science and Technology Major Project,No.Z221100007422002+1 种基金the Capital Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.CFH-2024-1-2181Beijing Igandan Foundation,No.iGandanF-1082023-GSH011.
文摘Chronic liver disease has become a global health crisis,with increasing incidence and mortality rates placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide.A key factor in the progression of chronic liver disease is intestinal microbiota dysbiosis,which influences liver function via the intricate liver-gut axis.This axis plays a central role in various physiological processes,and disruptions in microbial composition can exacerbate liver pathology.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy,with the potential to restore the composition and metabolic functions of the intestinal microbiota.Supported by encouraging findings from clinical trials and animal studies,FMT has demonstrated therapeutic benefits,including improvements in clinical symptoms,objective indicators,and long-term prognosis.These benefits encompass reductions in hepatic lipid deposition and inflammation,mitigation of complications in advanced liver disease,promotion of hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion,and enhancement of cognitive function.Although clinical evidence remains preliminary,current data underscore the transformative potential of FMT in managing chronic liver diseases.Nonetheless,challenges persist,including the need for standardized procedures,variability among donors,potential risks,and concerns regarding long-term safety.This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the current literature on the efficacy and safety of FMT,while exploring future research directions to expand its application in liver disease management.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute liver failure(ALF)is a life-threatening multisystemic condition with high short-term mortality.With the growing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome,it is important to investigate the clinical implications of high body mass index(BMI)on survival outcomes in ALF.AIM To explore the impact of overweight and obesity on the clinical outcomes of patients with ALF.METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted involving patients with ALF admitted to the Johns Hopkins Health System between January 1,2000 and May 1,2020.We performed Cox proportional hazards regression to identify outcomes,including the need for liver transplantation(LT)or all-cause mortality.RESULTS A total of 196 patients were included,the median age was 43.5 years,63.3%were female,and 59.7%were of Caucasian ethnicity.Acetaminophen-induced ALF was the most common etiology(45%).The mean BMI was significantly greater among patients who underwent LT or died(29.64 kg/m^(2)vs 26.59 kg/m^(2),P=0.008)than among survivors.Patients with overweight and obesity had a higher risk of all-cause mortality or need for LT by 2.22-fold(95%CI:1.30-3.78)and 2.04-fold(95%CI:1.29-3.39),respectively.Elevated BMI was associated with renal failure and higher grades of hepatic encephalopathy.Derangements in serologic markers,including alanine transaminase,lactate,and ammonia,were associated with a mortality risk or need for LT.CONCLUSION In this large,retrospective study,with a diverse cohort of United States patients,Overweight and obese were independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality or need for LT.This work highlights the importance of closely monitoring ALF patients who are overweight or obese for adverse complications and measures to improve outcomes in this vulnerable patient population.
文摘This manuscript is based on a recent study by Pillay et al that was published in recently.Liver abscesses can be caused by rare potentially life-threatening infections of either bacterial or parasitic origin.The incidence rate in Europe is lower than in developing countries,but it is a major complication with high morbidity,particularly in immunocompromised patients.They are most frequently caused by Enterobacterales infections,but hypervirulent Klebsiella strains are an emerging problem in Western countries.Amoebiasis has been a public health problem in Europe,primarily imported from other endemic foci.At the same time,this infection is becoming an emerging disease,as the number of infected patients who have not traveled to endemic areas is rising.Treatment options for hydatid liver cyst include chemotherapy,open or laparoscopic surgery,percutaneous treatment(percutaneous aspiration,re-aspiration and injection and its modification)and“wait and watch”strategy.Most hydatid liver cyst patients in Pillay et al’s study received surgical treatment,but several studies have confirmed the safety and efficacy of percutaneous aspiration,re-aspiration and injection.
文摘BACKGROUND Pediatric living-donor liver transplantation is considered a safe alternative for the treatment of children with end-stage liver disease.Experienced tertiary centers and specialized medical staff are necessary to ensure compatible long-term survival rates and quality-of-life for these children.AIM To report the results and the 10-year learning curve of a pediatric living-donor liver transplantation program.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pediatric recipients from 2013 to 2023.Post-transplant outcomes and patient survival rates were compared between two 5-year periods of the program.RESULTS A total of 25 and 48 patients underwent transplantation in the first(2013-2017)and second period(2018-2023),respectively.Portal vein and hepatic artery thrombosis occurred in 11(15.1%)and seven(9.6%)patients,respectively.Biliary complications were observed in 39 of 73 patients(53.4%).A lower warm ischemia time was observed in the second period compared to the first(32.6±8.6 minutes vs 38.4±9.8 minutes,P=0.018,respectively).Patient survival rates at 1 and 5 years were 84%in the first period and 91.7%in the second period,with no significant difference(P=0.32).CONCLUSION The reported indications and outcomes align with the current literature.Our findings provide crucial evidence regarding the feasibility of establishing a living donor program with consistent results over time.
文摘Targeting the gut-liver axis has emerged as a promising strategy in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),a condition that currently represents the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.Within this axis,the duodenum serves not only as a site of nutrient absorption but also as a metabolic sensor capable of influencing systemic and hepatic homeostasis.We have read with great interest the recent study by Yu et al,investigating the effects of duodenal mucosal ablation(DMA)by irreversible electroporation in a rat model of MASLD.The authors reported remarkable reductions in hepatic lipid content,improvements in serum lipid profiles,and both structural and functional changes in the intestinal mucosa,including alterations in enteroendocrine signaling.These results corroborate the pivotal role of the gut-liver axis in the pathogenesis of MASLD and highlight the potential of minimally invasive approaches targeting the proximal intestine.In this letter,we discuss the broader implications of these findings,emphasizing the translational relevance of intestinal modulation strategies in the comprehensive treatment of MASLD.
