Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system.It results in cognitive dysfunction due to the loss of functional neurons and a deficit of new neurons,which can lead to death in severe ...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system.It results in cognitive dysfunction due to the loss of functional neurons and a deficit of new neurons,which can lead to death in severe cases.Repairing damaged neurons by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis has become therapeutic modality to combat neurodegenerative diseases.The novel isoflavone alkaloid LY01,found in the edible fruits of Sophora alopecuroides L.,has various neuroprotective effects.However,the molecular mechanism by which it promotes the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells(NSCs)is not yet precisely known.The effects of LY01 were investigated in vivo and in vitro.In vivo experiments showed that LY01 could counteract the toxic damage of amyloid β-protein(Aβ),enhance the learning ability and memory capacity of 5×FAD mice,and improve the morphology of neurons in the hippocampal region.In vitro experiments showed that LY01 was effective against antioxidant damage,improved the cell morphology of C17.2 mouse NSCs after hydrogen peroxide injury,and increased cell viability.Both in vitro and in vivo experiments promoted NSC proliferation by upregulating the mRNA and protein levels of the critical genes of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway,which increased levels of doublecortin to facilitate new neuronal generation.This indicates that the ability of LY01 to counteract Aβ toxicity and alleviate oxidative damage in early AD is associated with activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote NSC proliferation and thus repair damaged neurons.展开更多
Using 2-dicyanomethylene-3-cyano-4,5,5-trimethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran(TCF)as a near-infrared fluorescent chromophore,we designed and synthesized a TCF-based fluorescent probe TCF-NS by introducing 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether ...Using 2-dicyanomethylene-3-cyano-4,5,5-trimethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran(TCF)as a near-infrared fluorescent chromophore,we designed and synthesized a TCF-based fluorescent probe TCF-NS by introducing 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether as the recognized site for H_(2)S.The probe TCF-NS displayed a rapid-response fluorescent against H_(2)S with high sensitivity and selection but had no significant fluorescence response to other biothiols.Furthermore,TCF-NS was applied to sense H_(2)S in living cells successfully with minimized cytotoxicity and a large Stokes shift.展开更多
The number of secondary feathers varies among orders of birds with some orders exhibiting a positive relationship with ulna length,whereas in other orders secondary number is invariant.This difference has implications...The number of secondary feathers varies among orders of birds with some orders exhibiting a positive relationship with ulna length,whereas in other orders secondary number is invariant.This difference has implications for scaling of the width of the feather vane within orders.In those species where the number of secondary remiges is invariant with ulna length,vane width should scale isometrically with ulna size to maintain an aerodynamic flight surface.Where feather count increases with increasing ulna length then vane width should exhibit negative allometry.Vane length should also correlate with ulna length,irrespective of the number of feathers.Data were compiled from an online library of images for the vane length and the width of the vane at 50%of the vane length for the fifth secondary feather for 209 bird species from 24 different orders.The results supported the hypotheses that vane width is a function of ulna size,and the number of secondary feathers as associated with different orders.Vane length was unaffected by the number of secondaries but varied between orders.The results suggest that birds have solved the problem of maintaining the aerodynamic surface of the proximal wing in two ways.Hence as ulna length increases the first solution involves more feathers that exhibit negative allometry for vane width,or in the second where feather count doesn't change,the vane width simply scales isometrically.The implications for the mechanical properties of the vane,and how it affects wing function,have not yet been explored in a range of birds.展开更多
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS),a highly infectious immunosuppressive disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),has led to significant economic losses in the glob...Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS),a highly infectious immunosuppressive disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),has led to significant economic losses in the global swine industry.The complexity of preventing and controlling PRRS,compounded by the limited efficacy of current vaccines,underscores the urgent need to identify antiviral targets and develop effective therapeutics against PRRSV.From the perspective of virus-host interactions,the discovery of target molecules associated with PRRSV resistance offers a promising strategy for future disease management.In this study,we conduct a comprehensive proteomic analysis using data-independent acquisition(DIA)mode to investigate the host response throughout the acute phase of PRRSV infection.This approach provides critical insights into the regulation of host antiviral and immune pathways during acute infection,advancing our theoretical understanding of PRRSV-host interactions and host gene dynamics during this critical phase.Notably,we identified SCARB2,a major lysosomal membrane protein associated with cholesterol metabolism,as a potential regulator of PRRSV replication.These findings offer novel perspectives for the prevention and control of PRRSV,contributing to the development of targeted antiviral strategies.展开更多
Prostate cancer(PCa),one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide,presents significant challenges due to its heterogeneity and the presence of cancer stem cells(CSCs),which contribute to ther...Prostate cancer(PCa),one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide,presents significant challenges due to its heterogeneity and the presence of cancer stem cells(CSCs),which contribute to therapy resistance and metastasis.Advances in three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting have ushered in a new era of precision medicine by enabling the recreation of complex tumor mi-croenvironments.This review highlights the transformative potential of 3D bioprinting technology in modelling prostate cancer stem cells(PCSCs)to identify therapeutic vulnerabilities and develop targeted treatments.By integrating bioinks with PCSCs and their niche components,3D bioprinting offers a robust platform to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying PCa progression and resistance.Furthermore,it allows high-throughput drug scree-ning,cellular cross talks,facilitating the discovery of novel interventions aimed at eradicating CSCs while preserving healthy tissue.The review also discusses the challenges of scalability,bioink optimization,and clinical translation,alongside emerging technologies such as organ-on-chip systems and bioprinted metastatic models.This review underscores the promise of bioprinting as a disruptive in-novation in cancer care,capable of redefining therapeutic approaches and offering hope for better patient outcomes in PCa.展开更多
As a renovator in the field of gene editing,CRISPR-Cas9 has demonstrated immense potential for advancing next-generation gene therapy owing to its simplicity and precision.However,this potential faces significant chal...As a renovator in the field of gene editing,CRISPR-Cas9 has demonstrated immense potential for advancing next-generation gene therapy owing to its simplicity and precision.However,this potential faces significant challenges primarily stemming from the difficulty in efficiently delivering large-sized genome editing system(including Cas9 protein and sgRNA)into targeted cells and spatiotemporally controlling their activity in vitro and in vivo.Therefore,the development of CRISPR/Cas9 nanovectors that integrate high loading capacity,efficient encapsulation and spatiotemporally-controlled release is highly desirable.Herein,we have engineered a near-infrared(NIR)light-activated upconversion-DNA nanocapsule for the remote control of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing.The light-responsive upconversion-DNA nanocapsules consist of macroporous silica(mSiO_(2))coated upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)and photocleavable onitrobenzyl-phosphate-modified DNA shells.The UCNPs act as a“nanotransducers”to convert NIR light(980 nm)into local ultraviolet light,thereby facilitating the cleavage of photosensitive DNA nanocapsules and enabling on-demand release of CRISPR-Cas9 encapsuled in the macroporous silica.Furthermore,by formulating a sgRNA targeted to a tumor gene(polo-like kinase-1,PLK-1),the CRISPR-Cas9 loaded UCNPDNA nanocapsules(crUCNP-DNA nanocapsules)have effectively suppressed the proliferation of tumor cells through NIR light-activated gene editing both in vitro and in vivo.Overall,this UCNP-DNA nanocapsule holds tremendous potential for CRISPR-Cas9 delivery and remote-controlled gene editing in deep tissues,as well as the treatment of diverse diseases.展开更多
Iron-porphyrin metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have emerged as a remarkable class of semiconductors with adjustable photoelectrical properties and peroxidase-mimicking activities,yet their full potential remains largely...Iron-porphyrin metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have emerged as a remarkable class of semiconductors with adjustable photoelectrical properties and peroxidase-mimicking activities,yet their full potential remains largely unexplored.The organic photoelectrochemical transistor(OPECT)has been proven to be a prominent platform for diverse applications.Herein,iron-porphyrin MOFs,as bifunctional photo-gating module and horseradish peroxidase-mimicking nanozyme,is explored for novel OPECT bioanalysis.Exemplified by alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)-dependent sandwich immunorecognition and therein glucose oxidase(GOx)-generated H_(2)O_(2)to etch CdS quantum dots on the surface of iron-porphyrin MOFs,this OPECT bioanalysis achieved high-performance AFP detection with a low detection limit of 24 fg/mL.This work featured a bifunctional iron-porphyrin MOFs gated OPECT,which is envisioned to inspire more interest in developing the diverse MOFs-nanozymes toward novel optoelectronics and beyond.展开更多
Linear mRNA vaccines are constrained by exonuclease susceptibility and instability,leading to compromised antigen expression.Circular RNA(circRNA) lacking canonical 5' and 3' untranslated regions demonstrates ...Linear mRNA vaccines are constrained by exonuclease susceptibility and instability,leading to compromised antigen expression.Circular RNA(circRNA) lacking canonical 5' and 3' untranslated regions demonstrates intrinsic exonuclease resistance.Current circularization strategies face three principal limitations:chemical methods produce non-native 2',5'-phosphodiester bonds;ribozyme-mediated approaches are restricted to RNA fragments shorter than 500 nucleotides;the Anabaena Group I intron system retains immunogenic exon sequences.In contrast,the self-splicing Group I intron ribozyme from Tetrahymena enables precisely controlled circularization through autonomous structural rearrangement,yielding exonfree constructs.Through optimized purification protocols,historical scalability challenges are systematically addressed.This Perspective establishes the mechanistic rationale and therapeutic superiority of this engineered RNA circularization platform.展开更多
The relationship between ecosystem services(ES)and human well-being(HWB)is fundamental to the science and practice of sustainability.However,studies have shown conflicting results,which has been attributed to the infl...The relationship between ecosystem services(ES)and human well-being(HWB)is fundamental to the science and practice of sustainability.However,studies have shown conflicting results,which has been attributed to the influences of indicators,contexts,and scales.Yet,another potential factor,which has been overlooked,may be the mixed use of spatial and temporal approaches.Using twelve ES and seven well-being indicators and multiple statistical methods,we quantified and compared the spatial and temporal ES–HWB relationships for Inner Mongolia,China.The spatial and temporal relationships differed in both correlation direction and strength.Most relationships of economic and employment-related indicators with food provisioning and supporting services were temporally positive but spatially nonsignificant or negative.Some relationships of economic and employmentrelated indicators with water retention,sandstorm prevention,and wind erosion were temporally negative but spatially complex.However,the spatial and temporal ES–HWB relationships could also be similar in some cases.We conclude that although both the spatial and temporal approaches have merits,space generally cannot substitute for time in the study of ES–HWB relationship.Our study helps reconcile the seemingly conflicting findings in the literature,and suggests that future studies should explicitly distinguish between the spatial and temporal ES–HWB relationships.展开更多
Fluorogenic probes with"off-on"fluorescence signals have emerged as powerful tools for biosensing and bioimaging of biomolecules in living systems.Conventional single-target probes,however,often suffer from ...Fluorogenic probes with"off-on"fluorescence signals have emerged as powerful tools for biosensing and bioimaging of biomolecules in living systems.Conventional single-target probes,however,often suffer from false-positive signals due to non-specific activation in non-target tissues or the diffusion of activated fluorescent products.To address these limitations,dual-targeted fluorogenic probes(DTFPs)have been developed,which simultaneously target two biomarkers to enhance detection specificity and minimize false-positive outcomes.DTFPs are designed to activate or retain fluorescence only when both biomarkers are present within a targeted region,enabling precise in vivo imaging of pathological conditions such as tumors and inflammation.This review highlights recent advances in DTFP development,focusing on their design principles,activation mechanisms,and applications in biosensing and bioimaging.We also discuss current challenges and future directions for DTFP research,aiming to inspire the design of next-generation probes with improved accuracy and specificity.By providing a comprehensive overview of DTFPs,this review seeks to advance their potential for transformative applications in biomedical imaging and diagnostics.展开更多
The liver performs several vital functions such as metabolism,toxin removal,and glucose storage through the coordination of various cell types.With the recent breakthrough of the single-cell/single-nucleus RNAseq(sc/s...The liver performs several vital functions such as metabolism,toxin removal,and glucose storage through the coordination of various cell types.With the recent breakthrough of the single-cell/single-nucleus RNAseq(sc/snRNA-seq)techniques,there is a great opportunity to establish a reference cell map of the liver at single-cell resolution with transcriptome-wise features.In this study,we build a unified liver cell atlas uniLIVER(http://lifeome.net/database/uniliver)by integrative analysis of a large-scale sc/snRNA-seq data collection of normal human liver with 331,125 cells and 79 samples from 6 datasets.Moreover,we introduce LiverCT,a machine learning based method for mapping any query dataset to the liver reference map by introducing the definition of“variant”cellular states analogous to the sequence variants in genomic analysis.Applying LiverCT on liver cancer datasets,we find that the“deviated”states of T cells are highly correlated with the stress pathway activities in hepatocellular carcinoma,and the enrichments of tumor cells with the hepatocyte-cholangiocyte“intermediate”states significantly indicate poor prognosis.Besides,we find that the tumor cells of different patients have different zonation tendencies and this zonation tendency is also significantly associated with the prognosis.This reference atlas mapping framework can also be extended to any other tissues.展开更多
The cell fate of primordial germ cell(PGC)in zebrafish is pre-determined by maternally deposited germ plasm,which is packaged into ribonucleoprotein complex in oocytes and inherited into PGC-fated cells in embryos.How...The cell fate of primordial germ cell(PGC)in zebrafish is pre-determined by maternally deposited germ plasm,which is packaged into ribonucleoprotein complex in oocytes and inherited into PGC-fated cells in embryos.However,the maternal factors regulating the assembly of germ plasm and PGC development remain poorly understood.In this study,we report that the maternal transcription factor Znf706 regulates the assembly of germ plasm factors into a granule-like structure localized perinuclearly in PGC during migration.Maternal and zygotic mutants of znf706 exhibit deficient germ plasm scattering at the early embryonic stage,decreased PGC numbers with some mislocation during PGC migration,and a lower female ratio in adulthood.Notably,the implementation of Znf706 CUT&Tag and RNA-seq on immature oocytes uncovers that Znf706 in stage I oocytes may promote transcription of several mitochondrial genes in addition to other functions.Hence,we propose that Znf706 is implicated in germ plasm assembly and PGC development in zebrafish.展开更多
Integrative data from plastid and nuclear loci are increasingly utilized to resolve species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships within major angiosperm clades.Debregeasia(Urticaceae),an economically important ge...Integrative data from plastid and nuclear loci are increasingly utilized to resolve species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships within major angiosperm clades.Debregeasia(Urticaceae),an economically important genus,presents challenges in species delimitation due to its overlapping morphological traits and unstable taxonomic assignments.Here,we analyzed 14 morphological traits and generated 12 data matrices from the plastomes and nrDNA using genome skimming from the nine recognized morphospecies to clarify species boundaries and assess barcode performance in Debregeasia.We also used a universal set of 353 nuclear genes to explore reticulate evolution and biogeographic history of Debregeasia.Plastomes of Debregeasia exhibited the typical quadripartite structure with conserved gene content and marginal independent variations in the SC/IR boundary at inter-and intra-specific levels.Three Debregeasia species were non-monophyletic and could not be discerned by any barcode;however,ultra-barcodes identified the remaining six(67%),outperforming standard barcodes(56%).Our phylogenetic analyses placed Debregeasia wallichiana outside the genus and suggested six monophyletic clades in Debregeasia,although the placement between Debregeasia hekouensis and Debregeasia libera varied.There was extensive trait overlap in key morphologically diagnostic characters,with reticulation analysis showing potentially pervasive hybridization,likely influenced by speciation patterns and overlaps between species ranges.We inferred that Debregeasia crown diversification began at ca.12.82 Ma(95%HPD:11.54-14.63 Ma)in the mid-Miocene within Australia,followed by vicariance and later longdistance dispersal,mainly out of southern China.Our findings highlight the utility of genomic data with integrative lines of evidence to refine species delimitation and explore evolutionary relationships in complex plant lineages.展开更多
Mountains serve as exceptional natural laboratories for studying biodiversity due to their heterogeneous landforms and climatic zones.The Himalaya,a global biodiversity hotspot,hosts rich endemic flora,supports vital ...Mountains serve as exceptional natural laboratories for studying biodiversity due to their heterogeneous landforms and climatic zones.The Himalaya,a global biodiversity hotspot,hosts rich endemic flora,supports vital ecosystem functions,and offers a unique window into multifaceted plant diversity patterns.This review synthesizes research on Himalayan plant diversity,including species,phylogenetic,functional,and genetic dimensions,highlighting knowledge gaps and solutions.Research on Himalayan plant diversity has developed significantly.However,gaps remain,especially in studies on phylogenetic and functional diversity.The region's vegetation ranges from tropical rainforests to alpine ecosystems,with species richness typically following a hump-shaped distribution along elevation gradients.The eastern Himalaya exhibits higher plant diversity than the central and western regions.Low-elevation communities were found to be more functionally diverse,whereas high-elevation communities displayed greater ecological specialization.Communities at mid-elevations tend to show greater phylogenetic diversity than those at higher and lower elevations.The eastern and western flanks of the Himalaya retain high levels of genetic diversity and serve as glacial refugia,whereas the central region acts as a hybrid zone for closely related species.Himalayan plant diversity is shaped by historical,climatic,ecological and anthropogenic factors across space and time.However,this rich biodiversity is increasingly threatened by environmental change and growing anthropogenic pressures.Unfortunately,research efforts are constrained by spatial biases and the lack of transnational initiatives and collaborative studies,which could significantly benefit from interdisciplinary approaches,and other coordinated actions.These efforts are vital to safeguarding the Himalayan natural heritage.展开更多
Developing in situ spectroelectrochemistry methods,which can provide detailed information about species trans-formation during electrochemical reactions,is very important for studying electrode reaction mechanisms and...Developing in situ spectroelectrochemistry methods,which can provide detailed information about species trans-formation during electrochemical reactions,is very important for studying electrode reaction mechanisms and improving battery performance.Studying real-time changes in the surface of electrode materials during normal operation can be an effective way to assess and optimize the practical performance of electrode materials,thus,in situ and in operando characterization techniques are particularly important.However,batteries are hard to be studied by in situ characterization measurements due to their hermetically sealed shells,and there is still much room for battery characterizations.In this work,a specially designed battery based on the structure of coin cells,whose upper cover was transparent,was constructed.With such a device,acquisition of diffuse reflectance spectra of electrode materials during charging and discharging was realized.This not only provided a simple measurement accessory for diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS),but also complemented in situ characterization techniques for batteries.Taking commonly used cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),including LiFePO_(4)(LFP),NCM811 and LiCoO_(2)(LCO)as examples,we managed tofind out the response relationships of different electrode materials to visible light of different wavelengths under ordinary reflectance illumination conditions.Heterogeneity of different cathode ma-terials on interaction relationships with the lights of different wavelengths was also revealed.This work demonstrated the capability of guiding wavelength selection for different materials and assessing electrochemical performances of in situ diffuse reflectance spectroelectrochemistry.By combining electrochemistry with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,this work made an effective complementary for spectroelectrochemistry.展开更多
Covalent organic frameworks(COFs),a rapidly developing category of crystalline conjugated organic polymers,possess highly ordered structures,large specific surface areas,stable chemical properties,and tunable pore mic...Covalent organic frameworks(COFs),a rapidly developing category of crystalline conjugated organic polymers,possess highly ordered structures,large specific surface areas,stable chemical properties,and tunable pore microenvironments.Since the first report of boroxine/boronate ester-linked COFs in 2005,COFs have rapidly gained popularity,showing important application prospects in various fields,such as sensing,catalysis,separation,and energy storage.Among them,COFs-based electrochemical(EC)sensors with upgraded analytical performance are arousing extensive interest.In this review,therefore,we summarize the basic properties and the general synthesis methods of COFs used in the field of electroanalytical chemistry,with special emphasis on their usages in the fabrication of chemical sensors,ions sensors,immunosensors,and aptasensors.Notably,the emerged COFs in the electrochemiluminescence(ECL)realm are thoroughly covered along with their preliminary applications.Additionally,final conclusions on state-of-the-art COFs are provided in terms of EC and ECL sensors,as well as challenges and prospects for extending and improving the research and applications of COFs in electroanalytical chemistry.展开更多
For migratory waterbirds,the quality of wintering habitat is related to spring migration and successful breeding in the next year.The availability of food resources in the habitat is critical and varies within water l...For migratory waterbirds,the quality of wintering habitat is related to spring migration and successful breeding in the next year.The availability of food resources in the habitat is critical and varies within water levels.Although the water-level fluctuations in Poyang Lake have been extremely variable interannually in recent years,the wintering waterbird populations have remained relatively stable.Hence,the mechanism of maintaining the stability is worth exploring.This study aimed to compare the distribution of vegetation and herbivorous wa-terbirds in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017,focusing on three shallow sub-lakes and one main lake are.The results showed that the emergence of tubers and the growth of Carex spp.provided a continuous food supply and habitat for wintering waterbirds with a gradual decline in the water level.Shallow sub-lakes supported almost all of the tuber-eating waterbirds(1.42-1.62×10^(5))and most geese(1.34-1.53×10^(6)).However,the main lake area,covered with Persicaria hydropiper,did not provide adequate and accessible food.This resulted in almost no distribution of tuber-eating waterbirds,with only a few geese congregating in early winter.Our results demonstrated that the shallow sub-lakes under human control provided a different environment from the main lake and are key to sustaining the successful wintering of hundreds of thousands of migratory waterbirds in Poyang Lake.Therefore,we recommend refining the anthropogenic management of the shallow sub-lakes to regulate the water level to ensure the carrying capacity of Poyang Lake.展开更多
BACKGROUND Angiopoietin-2(Ang-2)level is related to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)pro-gression.However,the dynamic expression and regulatory mechanism of Ang-2 remain unclear.AIM To investigate Ang-2 levels in chronic ...BACKGROUND Angiopoietin-2(Ang-2)level is related to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)pro-gression.However,the dynamic expression and regulatory mechanism of Ang-2 remain unclear.AIM To investigate Ang-2 levels in chronic liver diseases and validate early monitoring value with a dynamic model in hepatocarcinogenesis.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats in hepatocarcinogenesis were induced with diet 2-fluo-renylacet-amide,and grouped based on liver histopathology by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Differently expressed genes or Ang-2 mRNA in livers were ana-lyzed by whole-genome microarray.Ang-2 levels in chronic liver diseases were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS Clinical observation reveled that the circulating levels of Ang-2 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)in patients with chronic liver diseases were progressively increased from benign to HCC(P<0.001).Dynamic model va-lidated that the up-regulated Ang-2 in liver and blood was positively correlated with HIF-1αin hepatocarcino-genesis(P<0.001).Mechanistically,Ang-2 was regulated by HIF-1α.When specific HIF-1α-microRNAs transfected into HCC cells,the cell proliferation significantly inhibited,HIF-1αand Ang-2 down-regulated,and also affected epithelial-mesenchymal transition via increasing E-cadherin to block cell invasion or migration with reducing of snail,twist and vimentin.CONCLUSION Hypoxia-induced Ang-2 up-regulating expression might serve as a sensitive early monitoring biomarker for hepatocarcinogenesis or HCC metastasis.展开更多
CRISPR homing gene drives have considerable potential for managing populations of medically and agriculturally significant insects.They operate by Cas9 cleavage followed by homology-directed repair,copying the drive a...CRISPR homing gene drives have considerable potential for managing populations of medically and agriculturally significant insects.They operate by Cas9 cleavage followed by homology-directed repair,copying the drive allele to the wild-type chromosome and thus increasing in frequency and spreading throughout a population.However,resistance alleles formed by end-joining repair pose a significant obstacle.To address this,we create a homing drive targeting the essential hairy gene in Drosophila melanogaster.Nonfunctional resistance alleles are recessive lethal,while drive carriers have a recoded“rescue”version of hairy.The drive inheritance rate is moderate,and multigenerational cage studies show drive spread to 96%–97%of the population.However,the drive does not reach 100%due to the formation of functional resistance alleles despite using four gRNAs.These alleles have a large deletion but likely utilize an alternate start codon.Thus,revised designs targeting more essential regions of a gene may be necessary to avoid such functional resistance.Replacement of the rescue element’s native 3'UTR with a homolog from another species increases drive inheritance by 13%–24%.This was possibly because of reduced homology between the rescue element and surrounding genomic DNA,which could also be an important design consideration for rescue gene drives.展开更多
Electrochemiluminescence has been developed as a robust analytical technique owing to its intrinsic advantages,such as near-zero background signal noise,wide dynamic ranges,high sensitivity and low cost and simple equ...Electrochemiluminescence has been developed as a robust analytical technique owing to its intrinsic advantages,such as near-zero background signal noise,wide dynamic ranges,high sensitivity and low cost and simple equipment.ECL luminophore as the critical component to generate light signals plays significant roles in this robust analytical system.Compared with traditional ECL luminophores,near infrared(NIR)ECL luminophores have attracted significant attentions recently due to their negligible autofluorescence,lower background interference and deep tissue penetration.Although substantial progresses have been achieved in exploring novel NIR ECL luminophores and elucidating their roles in addressing diverse challenges,there is still scarce of comprehensive reviews on the development of NIR ECL luminophores so far.In this review,the recent advancements on NIR ECL materials,including inorganic metal complexes,organic small molecules,metal nanoclusters,quantum dots and lanthanide-based materials,have been thoroughly summarized and discussed.In addition,we also provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges and prospects that lie ahead for the future development of NIR ECL luminophores in the future.展开更多
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(82174085)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2019MS08032).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system.It results in cognitive dysfunction due to the loss of functional neurons and a deficit of new neurons,which can lead to death in severe cases.Repairing damaged neurons by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis has become therapeutic modality to combat neurodegenerative diseases.The novel isoflavone alkaloid LY01,found in the edible fruits of Sophora alopecuroides L.,has various neuroprotective effects.However,the molecular mechanism by which it promotes the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells(NSCs)is not yet precisely known.The effects of LY01 were investigated in vivo and in vitro.In vivo experiments showed that LY01 could counteract the toxic damage of amyloid β-protein(Aβ),enhance the learning ability and memory capacity of 5×FAD mice,and improve the morphology of neurons in the hippocampal region.In vitro experiments showed that LY01 was effective against antioxidant damage,improved the cell morphology of C17.2 mouse NSCs after hydrogen peroxide injury,and increased cell viability.Both in vitro and in vivo experiments promoted NSC proliferation by upregulating the mRNA and protein levels of the critical genes of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway,which increased levels of doublecortin to facilitate new neuronal generation.This indicates that the ability of LY01 to counteract Aβ toxicity and alleviate oxidative damage in early AD is associated with activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote NSC proliferation and thus repair damaged neurons.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20241181)the State Key Laboratory of AnalyticalChemistry for Life Science,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University(Grant No.SKLACLS2419)。
文摘Using 2-dicyanomethylene-3-cyano-4,5,5-trimethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran(TCF)as a near-infrared fluorescent chromophore,we designed and synthesized a TCF-based fluorescent probe TCF-NS by introducing 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether as the recognized site for H_(2)S.The probe TCF-NS displayed a rapid-response fluorescent against H_(2)S with high sensitivity and selection but had no significant fluorescence response to other biothiols.Furthermore,TCF-NS was applied to sense H_(2)S in living cells successfully with minimized cytotoxicity and a large Stokes shift.
文摘The number of secondary feathers varies among orders of birds with some orders exhibiting a positive relationship with ulna length,whereas in other orders secondary number is invariant.This difference has implications for scaling of the width of the feather vane within orders.In those species where the number of secondary remiges is invariant with ulna length,vane width should scale isometrically with ulna size to maintain an aerodynamic flight surface.Where feather count increases with increasing ulna length then vane width should exhibit negative allometry.Vane length should also correlate with ulna length,irrespective of the number of feathers.Data were compiled from an online library of images for the vane length and the width of the vane at 50%of the vane length for the fifth secondary feather for 209 bird species from 24 different orders.The results supported the hypotheses that vane width is a function of ulna size,and the number of secondary feathers as associated with different orders.Vane length was unaffected by the number of secondaries but varied between orders.The results suggest that birds have solved the problem of maintaining the aerodynamic surface of the proximal wing in two ways.Hence as ulna length increases the first solution involves more feathers that exhibit negative allometry for vane width,or in the second where feather count doesn't change,the vane width simply scales isometrically.The implications for the mechanical properties of the vane,and how it affects wing function,have not yet been explored in a range of birds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.:3217190296,82102755 and 32302887)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(grant no.:2023A1515012623 and 2019B1515210030)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant no.:2021M703739)。
文摘Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS),a highly infectious immunosuppressive disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),has led to significant economic losses in the global swine industry.The complexity of preventing and controlling PRRS,compounded by the limited efficacy of current vaccines,underscores the urgent need to identify antiviral targets and develop effective therapeutics against PRRSV.From the perspective of virus-host interactions,the discovery of target molecules associated with PRRSV resistance offers a promising strategy for future disease management.In this study,we conduct a comprehensive proteomic analysis using data-independent acquisition(DIA)mode to investigate the host response throughout the acute phase of PRRSV infection.This approach provides critical insights into the regulation of host antiviral and immune pathways during acute infection,advancing our theoretical understanding of PRRSV-host interactions and host gene dynamics during this critical phase.Notably,we identified SCARB2,a major lysosomal membrane protein associated with cholesterol metabolism,as a potential regulator of PRRSV replication.These findings offer novel perspectives for the prevention and control of PRRSV,contributing to the development of targeted antiviral strategies.
基金Supported by GSBTM,DST Government of Gujarat for Financial Support to the Prostate Cancer Research Project at GSFC University,Vadodara,No.GSBTM/RSS/E-FILE/30/2024/0021/04306791.
文摘Prostate cancer(PCa),one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide,presents significant challenges due to its heterogeneity and the presence of cancer stem cells(CSCs),which contribute to therapy resistance and metastasis.Advances in three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting have ushered in a new era of precision medicine by enabling the recreation of complex tumor mi-croenvironments.This review highlights the transformative potential of 3D bioprinting technology in modelling prostate cancer stem cells(PCSCs)to identify therapeutic vulnerabilities and develop targeted treatments.By integrating bioinks with PCSCs and their niche components,3D bioprinting offers a robust platform to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying PCa progression and resistance.Furthermore,it allows high-throughput drug scree-ning,cellular cross talks,facilitating the discovery of novel interventions aimed at eradicating CSCs while preserving healthy tissue.The review also discusses the challenges of scalability,bioink optimization,and clinical translation,alongside emerging technologies such as organ-on-chip systems and bioprinted metastatic models.This review underscores the promise of bioprinting as a disruptive in-novation in cancer care,capable of redefining therapeutic approaches and offering hope for better patient outcomes in PCa.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21804059 and 21701059)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20180974)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M681544)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.2020Z351)。
文摘As a renovator in the field of gene editing,CRISPR-Cas9 has demonstrated immense potential for advancing next-generation gene therapy owing to its simplicity and precision.However,this potential faces significant challenges primarily stemming from the difficulty in efficiently delivering large-sized genome editing system(including Cas9 protein and sgRNA)into targeted cells and spatiotemporally controlling their activity in vitro and in vivo.Therefore,the development of CRISPR/Cas9 nanovectors that integrate high loading capacity,efficient encapsulation and spatiotemporally-controlled release is highly desirable.Herein,we have engineered a near-infrared(NIR)light-activated upconversion-DNA nanocapsule for the remote control of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing.The light-responsive upconversion-DNA nanocapsules consist of macroporous silica(mSiO_(2))coated upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)and photocleavable onitrobenzyl-phosphate-modified DNA shells.The UCNPs act as a“nanotransducers”to convert NIR light(980 nm)into local ultraviolet light,thereby facilitating the cleavage of photosensitive DNA nanocapsules and enabling on-demand release of CRISPR-Cas9 encapsuled in the macroporous silica.Furthermore,by formulating a sgRNA targeted to a tumor gene(polo-like kinase-1,PLK-1),the CRISPR-Cas9 loaded UCNPDNA nanocapsules(crUCNP-DNA nanocapsules)have effectively suppressed the proliferation of tumor cells through NIR light-activated gene editing both in vitro and in vivo.Overall,this UCNP-DNA nanocapsule holds tremendous potential for CRISPR-Cas9 delivery and remote-controlled gene editing in deep tissues,as well as the treatment of diverse diseases.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22034003,22374066)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2022300285)+1 种基金the Excellent Research Program of Nanjing University(No.ZYJH004)State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science(No.5431ZZXM2203).
文摘Iron-porphyrin metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have emerged as a remarkable class of semiconductors with adjustable photoelectrical properties and peroxidase-mimicking activities,yet their full potential remains largely unexplored.The organic photoelectrochemical transistor(OPECT)has been proven to be a prominent platform for diverse applications.Herein,iron-porphyrin MOFs,as bifunctional photo-gating module and horseradish peroxidase-mimicking nanozyme,is explored for novel OPECT bioanalysis.Exemplified by alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)-dependent sandwich immunorecognition and therein glucose oxidase(GOx)-generated H_(2)O_(2)to etch CdS quantum dots on the surface of iron-porphyrin MOFs,this OPECT bioanalysis achieved high-performance AFP detection with a low detection limit of 24 fg/mL.This work featured a bifunctional iron-porphyrin MOFs gated OPECT,which is envisioned to inspire more interest in developing the diverse MOFs-nanozymes toward novel optoelectronics and beyond.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(Nos.2021YFC2302400,2021YFA1201000,2023YFC2606004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2022CX01013)。
文摘Linear mRNA vaccines are constrained by exonuclease susceptibility and instability,leading to compromised antigen expression.Circular RNA(circRNA) lacking canonical 5' and 3' untranslated regions demonstrates intrinsic exonuclease resistance.Current circularization strategies face three principal limitations:chemical methods produce non-native 2',5'-phosphodiester bonds;ribozyme-mediated approaches are restricted to RNA fragments shorter than 500 nucleotides;the Anabaena Group I intron system retains immunogenic exon sequences.In contrast,the self-splicing Group I intron ribozyme from Tetrahymena enables precisely controlled circularization through autonomous structural rearrangement,yielding exonfree constructs.Through optimized purification protocols,historical scalability challenges are systematically addressed.This Perspective establishes the mechanistic rationale and therapeutic superiority of this engineered RNA circularization platform.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.B240201068)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42361144861)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB954303).
文摘The relationship between ecosystem services(ES)and human well-being(HWB)is fundamental to the science and practice of sustainability.However,studies have shown conflicting results,which has been attributed to the influences of indicators,contexts,and scales.Yet,another potential factor,which has been overlooked,may be the mixed use of spatial and temporal approaches.Using twelve ES and seven well-being indicators and multiple statistical methods,we quantified and compared the spatial and temporal ES–HWB relationships for Inner Mongolia,China.The spatial and temporal relationships differed in both correlation direction and strength.Most relationships of economic and employment-related indicators with food provisioning and supporting services were temporally positive but spatially nonsignificant or negative.Some relationships of economic and employmentrelated indicators with water retention,sandstorm prevention,and wind erosion were temporally negative but spatially complex.However,the spatial and temporal ES–HWB relationships could also be similar in some cases.We conclude that although both the spatial and temporal approaches have merits,space generally cannot substitute for time in the study of ES–HWB relationship.Our study helps reconcile the seemingly conflicting findings in the literature,and suggests that future studies should explicitly distinguish between the spatial and temporal ES–HWB relationships.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22137003 and 21922406)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20200301 and BK20190055)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(020514380251)are acknowledged.
文摘Fluorogenic probes with"off-on"fluorescence signals have emerged as powerful tools for biosensing and bioimaging of biomolecules in living systems.Conventional single-target probes,however,often suffer from false-positive signals due to non-specific activation in non-target tissues or the diffusion of activated fluorescent products.To address these limitations,dual-targeted fluorogenic probes(DTFPs)have been developed,which simultaneously target two biomarkers to enhance detection specificity and minimize false-positive outcomes.DTFPs are designed to activate or retain fluorescence only when both biomarkers are present within a targeted region,enabling precise in vivo imaging of pathological conditions such as tumors and inflammation.This review highlights recent advances in DTFP development,focusing on their design principles,activation mechanisms,and applications in biosensing and bioimaging.We also discuss current challenges and future directions for DTFP research,aiming to inspire the design of next-generation probes with improved accuracy and specificity.By providing a comprehensive overview of DTFPs,this review seeks to advance their potential for transformative applications in biomedical imaging and diagnostics.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFF1200901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61721003,62133006,and 92268104)。
文摘The liver performs several vital functions such as metabolism,toxin removal,and glucose storage through the coordination of various cell types.With the recent breakthrough of the single-cell/single-nucleus RNAseq(sc/snRNA-seq)techniques,there is a great opportunity to establish a reference cell map of the liver at single-cell resolution with transcriptome-wise features.In this study,we build a unified liver cell atlas uniLIVER(http://lifeome.net/database/uniliver)by integrative analysis of a large-scale sc/snRNA-seq data collection of normal human liver with 331,125 cells and 79 samples from 6 datasets.Moreover,we introduce LiverCT,a machine learning based method for mapping any query dataset to the liver reference map by introducing the definition of“variant”cellular states analogous to the sequence variants in genomic analysis.Applying LiverCT on liver cancer datasets,we find that the“deviated”states of T cells are highly correlated with the stress pathway activities in hepatocellular carcinoma,and the enrichments of tumor cells with the hepatocyte-cholangiocyte“intermediate”states significantly indicate poor prognosis.Besides,we find that the tumor cells of different patients have different zonation tendencies and this zonation tendency is also significantly associated with the prognosis.This reference atlas mapping framework can also be extended to any other tissues.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31988101 to A.M.)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1800300 to X.W.and 2018YFC1003304 to A.M.)the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Project at Southwest United Graduate School(202302A0370011 to A.M.).
文摘The cell fate of primordial germ cell(PGC)in zebrafish is pre-determined by maternally deposited germ plasm,which is packaged into ribonucleoprotein complex in oocytes and inherited into PGC-fated cells in embryos.However,the maternal factors regulating the assembly of germ plasm and PGC development remain poorly understood.In this study,we report that the maternal transcription factor Znf706 regulates the assembly of germ plasm factors into a granule-like structure localized perinuclearly in PGC during migration.Maternal and zygotic mutants of znf706 exhibit deficient germ plasm scattering at the early embryonic stage,decreased PGC numbers with some mislocation during PGC migration,and a lower female ratio in adulthood.Notably,the implementation of Znf706 CUT&Tag and RNA-seq on immature oocytes uncovers that Znf706 in stage I oocytes may promote transcription of several mitochondrial genes in addition to other functions.Hence,we propose that Znf706 is implicated in germ plasm assembly and PGC development in zebrafish.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42171071,42211540718)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(ZDBS-LY-7001)+3 种基金Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202401AT070190,202201BC070001)Top-notch Young Talents Project of Yunnan Provincial“Ten Thousand Talents Program”(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-146,YNWR-QNBJ-2020-293)CAS“Light of West China”Programsupported by the China Scholarship Council(202304910135 and 202304910138)for a one-year study at the University of Toronto.
文摘Integrative data from plastid and nuclear loci are increasingly utilized to resolve species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships within major angiosperm clades.Debregeasia(Urticaceae),an economically important genus,presents challenges in species delimitation due to its overlapping morphological traits and unstable taxonomic assignments.Here,we analyzed 14 morphological traits and generated 12 data matrices from the plastomes and nrDNA using genome skimming from the nine recognized morphospecies to clarify species boundaries and assess barcode performance in Debregeasia.We also used a universal set of 353 nuclear genes to explore reticulate evolution and biogeographic history of Debregeasia.Plastomes of Debregeasia exhibited the typical quadripartite structure with conserved gene content and marginal independent variations in the SC/IR boundary at inter-and intra-specific levels.Three Debregeasia species were non-monophyletic and could not be discerned by any barcode;however,ultra-barcodes identified the remaining six(67%),outperforming standard barcodes(56%).Our phylogenetic analyses placed Debregeasia wallichiana outside the genus and suggested six monophyletic clades in Debregeasia,although the placement between Debregeasia hekouensis and Debregeasia libera varied.There was extensive trait overlap in key morphologically diagnostic characters,with reticulation analysis showing potentially pervasive hybridization,likely influenced by speciation patterns and overlaps between species ranges.We inferred that Debregeasia crown diversification began at ca.12.82 Ma(95%HPD:11.54-14.63 Ma)in the mid-Miocene within Australia,followed by vicariance and later longdistance dispersal,mainly out of southern China.Our findings highlight the utility of genomic data with integrative lines of evidence to refine species delimitation and explore evolutionary relationships in complex plant lineages.
基金funded by the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(ZDBS-LY-7001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170398,42211540718,W2433074,32071541)+6 种基金the CAS“Light of West China”Programthe Xingdian Talent Support Program of Yunnan Province(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0026)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan(202201AT070222)the Fund of Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics(CWR-2024-04)funding from the China Scholarship Council(202304910135,202304910138)for their oneyear study at the University of Toronto,Canadathe Pakistan Science Foundation&NSFC for the joint venture under the project(PSF-NSFC/JSEP/BIO/COAU(04))surpported by the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2023ZKZD36).
文摘Mountains serve as exceptional natural laboratories for studying biodiversity due to their heterogeneous landforms and climatic zones.The Himalaya,a global biodiversity hotspot,hosts rich endemic flora,supports vital ecosystem functions,and offers a unique window into multifaceted plant diversity patterns.This review synthesizes research on Himalayan plant diversity,including species,phylogenetic,functional,and genetic dimensions,highlighting knowledge gaps and solutions.Research on Himalayan plant diversity has developed significantly.However,gaps remain,especially in studies on phylogenetic and functional diversity.The region's vegetation ranges from tropical rainforests to alpine ecosystems,with species richness typically following a hump-shaped distribution along elevation gradients.The eastern Himalaya exhibits higher plant diversity than the central and western regions.Low-elevation communities were found to be more functionally diverse,whereas high-elevation communities displayed greater ecological specialization.Communities at mid-elevations tend to show greater phylogenetic diversity than those at higher and lower elevations.The eastern and western flanks of the Himalaya retain high levels of genetic diversity and serve as glacial refugia,whereas the central region acts as a hybrid zone for closely related species.Himalayan plant diversity is shaped by historical,climatic,ecological and anthropogenic factors across space and time.However,this rich biodiversity is increasingly threatened by environmental change and growing anthropogenic pressures.Unfortunately,research efforts are constrained by spatial biases and the lack of transnational initiatives and collaborative studies,which could significantly benefit from interdisciplinary approaches,and other coordinated actions.These efforts are vital to safeguarding the Himalayan natural heritage.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21925403)the Excellent Research Program of Nanjing University (Grant No. ZYJH004)。
文摘Developing in situ spectroelectrochemistry methods,which can provide detailed information about species trans-formation during electrochemical reactions,is very important for studying electrode reaction mechanisms and improving battery performance.Studying real-time changes in the surface of electrode materials during normal operation can be an effective way to assess and optimize the practical performance of electrode materials,thus,in situ and in operando characterization techniques are particularly important.However,batteries are hard to be studied by in situ characterization measurements due to their hermetically sealed shells,and there is still much room for battery characterizations.In this work,a specially designed battery based on the structure of coin cells,whose upper cover was transparent,was constructed.With such a device,acquisition of diffuse reflectance spectra of electrode materials during charging and discharging was realized.This not only provided a simple measurement accessory for diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS),but also complemented in situ characterization techniques for batteries.Taking commonly used cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),including LiFePO_(4)(LFP),NCM811 and LiCoO_(2)(LCO)as examples,we managed tofind out the response relationships of different electrode materials to visible light of different wavelengths under ordinary reflectance illumination conditions.Heterogeneity of different cathode ma-terials on interaction relationships with the lights of different wavelengths was also revealed.This work demonstrated the capability of guiding wavelength selection for different materials and assessing electrochemical performances of in situ diffuse reflectance spectroelectrochemistry.By combining electrochemistry with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,this work made an effective complementary for spectroelectrochemistry.
基金This research was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220405)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21834004,22276100,22304086)+5 种基金Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics&Information Displays,NJUPT(GZR2022010010,GZR2023010045)Nanjing Science and Technology Innovation Project for Chinese Scholars Studying Abroad(NJKCZYZZ2022-01)Research Fund for Jiangsu Distinguished Professor(RK030STP22001)Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of NJUPT(NY221006,NY223051)Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(23KJB150025)State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science,Nanjing University(SKLACLS2311).
文摘Covalent organic frameworks(COFs),a rapidly developing category of crystalline conjugated organic polymers,possess highly ordered structures,large specific surface areas,stable chemical properties,and tunable pore microenvironments.Since the first report of boroxine/boronate ester-linked COFs in 2005,COFs have rapidly gained popularity,showing important application prospects in various fields,such as sensing,catalysis,separation,and energy storage.Among them,COFs-based electrochemical(EC)sensors with upgraded analytical performance are arousing extensive interest.In this review,therefore,we summarize the basic properties and the general synthesis methods of COFs used in the field of electroanalytical chemistry,with special emphasis on their usages in the fabrication of chemical sensors,ions sensors,immunosensors,and aptasensors.Notably,the emerged COFs in the electrochemiluminescence(ECL)realm are thoroughly covered along with their preliminary applications.Additionally,final conclusions on state-of-the-art COFs are provided in terms of EC and ECL sensors,as well as challenges and prospects for extending and improving the research and applications of COFs in electroanalytical chemistry.
基金funded by the Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Project Office of the Department of Water Resources,Jiangxi Province,China(KT201537)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32360285)the National Geographic Air and Water Con-servation Fund(GEFC07-15).
文摘For migratory waterbirds,the quality of wintering habitat is related to spring migration and successful breeding in the next year.The availability of food resources in the habitat is critical and varies within water levels.Although the water-level fluctuations in Poyang Lake have been extremely variable interannually in recent years,the wintering waterbird populations have remained relatively stable.Hence,the mechanism of maintaining the stability is worth exploring.This study aimed to compare the distribution of vegetation and herbivorous wa-terbirds in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017,focusing on three shallow sub-lakes and one main lake are.The results showed that the emergence of tubers and the growth of Carex spp.provided a continuous food supply and habitat for wintering waterbirds with a gradual decline in the water level.Shallow sub-lakes supported almost all of the tuber-eating waterbirds(1.42-1.62×10^(5))and most geese(1.34-1.53×10^(6)).However,the main lake area,covered with Persicaria hydropiper,did not provide adequate and accessible food.This resulted in almost no distribution of tuber-eating waterbirds,with only a few geese congregating in early winter.Our results demonstrated that the shallow sub-lakes under human control provided a different environment from the main lake and are key to sustaining the successful wintering of hundreds of thousands of migratory waterbirds in Poyang Lake.Therefore,we recommend refining the anthropogenic management of the shallow sub-lakes to regulate the water level to ensure the carrying capacity of Poyang Lake.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32470985 and No.81673241.
文摘BACKGROUND Angiopoietin-2(Ang-2)level is related to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)pro-gression.However,the dynamic expression and regulatory mechanism of Ang-2 remain unclear.AIM To investigate Ang-2 levels in chronic liver diseases and validate early monitoring value with a dynamic model in hepatocarcinogenesis.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats in hepatocarcinogenesis were induced with diet 2-fluo-renylacet-amide,and grouped based on liver histopathology by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Differently expressed genes or Ang-2 mRNA in livers were ana-lyzed by whole-genome microarray.Ang-2 levels in chronic liver diseases were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS Clinical observation reveled that the circulating levels of Ang-2 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)in patients with chronic liver diseases were progressively increased from benign to HCC(P<0.001).Dynamic model va-lidated that the up-regulated Ang-2 in liver and blood was positively correlated with HIF-1αin hepatocarcino-genesis(P<0.001).Mechanistically,Ang-2 was regulated by HIF-1α.When specific HIF-1α-microRNAs transfected into HCC cells,the cell proliferation significantly inhibited,HIF-1αand Ang-2 down-regulated,and also affected epithelial-mesenchymal transition via increasing E-cadherin to block cell invasion or migration with reducing of snail,twist and vimentin.CONCLUSION Hypoxia-induced Ang-2 up-regulating expression might serve as a sensitive early monitoring biomarker for hepatocarcinogenesis or HCC metastasis.
基金supported by laboratory startup funds from Peking University and the Center for Life Sciences,as well as the grants from the National Science Foundation of China(32302455 and 32270672)。
文摘CRISPR homing gene drives have considerable potential for managing populations of medically and agriculturally significant insects.They operate by Cas9 cleavage followed by homology-directed repair,copying the drive allele to the wild-type chromosome and thus increasing in frequency and spreading throughout a population.However,resistance alleles formed by end-joining repair pose a significant obstacle.To address this,we create a homing drive targeting the essential hairy gene in Drosophila melanogaster.Nonfunctional resistance alleles are recessive lethal,while drive carriers have a recoded“rescue”version of hairy.The drive inheritance rate is moderate,and multigenerational cage studies show drive spread to 96%–97%of the population.However,the drive does not reach 100%due to the formation of functional resistance alleles despite using four gRNAs.These alleles have a large deletion but likely utilize an alternate start codon.Thus,revised designs targeting more essential regions of a gene may be necessary to avoid such functional resistance.Replacement of the rescue element’s native 3'UTR with a homolog from another species increases drive inheritance by 13%–24%.This was possibly because of reduced homology between the rescue element and surrounding genomic DNA,which could also be an important design consideration for rescue gene drives.
基金financially supported by Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province and Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX22_3293)IndustryUniversity-Research cooperation project of Jiangsu Province(No.BY20230314)Industry-University Research Cooperation Prospect Project of Zhangjiagang City(No.ZKYY2203)。
文摘Electrochemiluminescence has been developed as a robust analytical technique owing to its intrinsic advantages,such as near-zero background signal noise,wide dynamic ranges,high sensitivity and low cost and simple equipment.ECL luminophore as the critical component to generate light signals plays significant roles in this robust analytical system.Compared with traditional ECL luminophores,near infrared(NIR)ECL luminophores have attracted significant attentions recently due to their negligible autofluorescence,lower background interference and deep tissue penetration.Although substantial progresses have been achieved in exploring novel NIR ECL luminophores and elucidating their roles in addressing diverse challenges,there is still scarce of comprehensive reviews on the development of NIR ECL luminophores so far.In this review,the recent advancements on NIR ECL materials,including inorganic metal complexes,organic small molecules,metal nanoclusters,quantum dots and lanthanide-based materials,have been thoroughly summarized and discussed.In addition,we also provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges and prospects that lie ahead for the future development of NIR ECL luminophores in the future.
