Objective This study aimed to determine the temporal trends in sleep duration among Chinese adults.Methods In this series of repeated nationally representative cross-sectional surveys(China Chronic Disease and Risk Fa...Objective This study aimed to determine the temporal trends in sleep duration among Chinese adults.Methods In this series of repeated nationally representative cross-sectional surveys(China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance)conducted between 2010 and 2018,a total of 645,420 adult participants(97,741 in 2010;175,749 in 2013;187,777 in 2015;and 184,153 in 2018)were included in the trend analysis.Linear and logistic regression models were utilized to assess trends in sleep duration.Results In 2018,the estimated overall mean sleep duration among the Chinese adult population was7.58(SD,1.45)hours per day,with no significant trend from 2010.A significant increase in short sleep duration(≤6 hours)was observed in the total population,from 15.3%(95%CI:14.1%–16.5%)in 2010 to18.5%(95%CI:17.7%–19.3%)in 2018(P<0.001).Similarly,the trend in long sleep duration(>9 hours)was also significant,increasing in weighted prevalence from 7.2%(95%CI:6.3%–8.1%)in 2010 to 9.0%(95%CI:8.2%–9.9%)in 2018(P<0.001).Conclusion The prevalence of both short and long sleep durations significantly increased among Chinese adults from 2010 to 2018,highlighting the urgency of health initiatives to promote optimal sleep duration in China.展开更多
Background Lee County Mosquito Control District(LCMCD)is an independent taxing district that works to protect human health and improve quality of life in Lee County,Florida,USA.With local dengue transmission in southe...Background Lee County Mosquito Control District(LCMCD)is an independent taxing district that works to protect human health and improve quality of life in Lee County,Florida,USA.With local dengue transmission in southern Florida,LCMCD prioritized the control of Aedes aegypti.Due to the cryptic larval habitats of Ae.aegypti and insecticide resistance,effective control using conventional methods is difficult.Thus,the sterile insect technique(SIT)program,using X-ray irradiated male mosquitoes,was created to target Ae.aegypti.The goal of this program was to suppress Ae.aegypti through establishing a robust SIT program and performing a pilot study in the field to assess the impacts of SIT releases.Main text The SIT program at LCMCD released sterile male Ae.aegypti from 2020 to 2022 in Captiva Island,Florida.The SIT program works within a larger Integrated Mosquito Management(IMM)framework and is not a standalone tool.The SIT program consists of nine employees,one of which is dedicated to quality assurance.Quality assurance assessments are performed routinely and periodically.Due to widespread destruction throughout Captiva and Sanibel Islands from Hurricane Ian in September 2022,the SIT pilot in Captiva Island was concluded and moved to Fort Myers,Florida.During the pilot study on Captiva Island,various lessons were learned and this knowledge has been applied to efforts in Fort Myers.Conclusions LCMCD has established a successful SIT program to suppress populations of Ae.aegypti.Through connections with the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)and the University of Florida,LCMCD received guidance from experts in the field to help ensure the program’s success.Stable funding through taxes levied specifically for mosquito control provided essential consistency,allowing the program to grow and evolve.Consistent trapping routines provided immense amounts of entomological data.Thoughtful and intentional community engagement was essential in ensuring acceptance of the SIT program in Lee County.Following the phased conditional approach suggested by IAEA,LCMCD has built an effective and resilient SIT program.The integration of the SIT as a tool of an area-wide mosquito control program is a feature that distinguishes LCMCD’s SIT program from others.展开更多
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder marked by positive and negative symptoms,leading to mood disturbances,cognitive impairments,and social withdrawal.While anti-psychotic medications remain the cornerstone...Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder marked by positive and negative symptoms,leading to mood disturbances,cognitive impairments,and social withdrawal.While anti-psychotic medications remain the cornerstone of treatment,they often fail to fully address certain symptoms.Additionally,treatment-resistant schizophrenia,affecting 30%-40%of patients,remains a substantial clinical challenge.Positive,negative symptoms and cognitive impairments have been linked to disruptions in the glutamatergic,serotonin,GABAergic,and muscarinic pathways in the brain.Recent advances using genome-wide association study and other approaches have uncovered a significant number of new schizophrenia risk genes that uncovered new,and reinforced prior,concepts on the genetic and neurological underpinnings of schizophrenia,including abnormalities in synaptic function,immune processes,and lipid metabolism.Concurrently,new therapeutics targeting different modalities,which are expected to address some of the limitations of anti-psychotic drugs currently being offered to patients,are currently being evaluated.Collectively,these efforts provide new momentum for the next phase of schizophrenia research and treatment.展开更多
The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of...The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of the initial spin direction,the spin dynamics of the electron beam are found to depend on the self-injection mechanism.The effects of wakefields and laser fields are studied using test particle dynamics and particle-in-cell simulations based on the Thomas-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation.Compared with transverse injection,longitudinal injection is found to be preferable for obtaining a highly polarized electron beam.展开更多
The interaction between metabolic dysfunction and inflammation is central to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.Obesity-related conditions like type 2 d...The interaction between metabolic dysfunction and inflammation is central to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.Obesity-related conditions like type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease exacerbate this relationship.Peripheral lipid accumulation,particularly in the liver,initiates a cascade of inflammatory processes that extend to the brain,influencing critical metabolic regulatory regions.Ceramide and palmitate,key lipid components,along with lipid transporters lipocalin-2 and apolipoprotein E,contribute to neuroinflammation by disrupting blood–brain barrier integrity and promoting gliosis.Peripheral insulin resistance further exacerbates brain insulin resistance and neuroinflammation.Preclinical interventions targeting peripheral lipid metabolism and insulin signaling pathways have shown promise in reducing neuroinflammation in animal models.However,translating these findings to clinical practice requires further investigation into human subjects.In conclusion,metabolic dysfunction,peripheral inflammation,and insulin resistance are integral to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Understanding these complex mechanisms holds potential for identifying novel therapeutic targets and improving outcomes for neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
AIM:To report the demographic and systemic characteristics of patients,clinical progression of endophthalmitis,and the efficacy of various treatment strategies,with a focus on identifying key factors for preserving vi...AIM:To report the demographic and systemic characteristics of patients,clinical progression of endophthalmitis,and the efficacy of various treatment strategies,with a focus on identifying key factors for preserving vision in eyes with endogenous endophthalmitis due to Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumoniae)liver abscess.METHODS:In this single-center,retrospective case series of 18 patients with endogenous endophthalmitis due to K.pneumoniae liver abscess were analyzed.Ophthalmologic features of endophthalmitis at early,intermediate and advanced stages were obtained from eyes with endophthalmitis of different severities.Prompt vitrectomy was considered primarily for all eyes except for very early endophthalmitis.Intravitreal injections of antibiotics were performed in eyes with endophthalmitis in the very early stages and in eyes where vitrectomy was not available,and additional control of infection was needed after vitrectomy.Evisceration was performed in eyes with corneoscleral perforation,advanced endophthalmitis,perforation with preseptal or orbital cellulitis,uncontrolled infection,or severe pain with no vision.RESULTS:Mean(±standard deviation)age of the 18 patients with endophthalmitis was 64.5±12.2(range:32-84)y,and 14 patients(77.8%)were males.Endophthalmitis tended to involve the retinal parenchyma first and then progressed into the vitreous cavity and anterior segments.However,it presented a tendency to cause massive subretinal abscesses even after vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade.Very high intraocular pressure with new vessels on the iris(41.7%)were also commonly observed.Although all but three patients had systemic disease such as diabetes or hypertension,visual prognosis after treatment did not appear to depend significantly on underlying comorbidities.A final best-corrected visual acuity better than 20/60 was achieved only when lesions were detected very early,with relatively good initial visual acuity,likely reflecting lower bacterial inoculation in the eye.CONCLUSION:Detection of early endophthalmitis lesions appears to be the only way to preserve good vision in patients with K.pneumoniae liver abscesses.Therefore,proper guidelines for ophthalmologic screening remain to be established for subjects at a high risk of endophthalmitis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatectomy triggers complex metabolic changes as the liver adapts to the loss of functional mass and initiates regeneration.These changes impact carbohydrate,lipid,and protein metabolism,as well as energy ...BACKGROUND Hepatectomy triggers complex metabolic changes as the liver adapts to the loss of functional mass and initiates regeneration.These changes impact carbohydrate,lipid,and protein metabolism,as well as energy and oxygen dynamics.A deeper understanding of these shifts is essential for improving perioperative management and enhancing long-term outcomes.AIM To review and synthesise the current understanding of metabolic changes following hepatectomy and explore their implications for perioperative care,postoperative recovery,and long-term patient outcomes.METHODS A narrative review was conducted using PubMed,Cochrane,and Scopus databases to identify relevant human studies published up to December 2024.Search terms included“hepatectomy”,“liver resection”,“metabolic changes”,and related phrases.Studies focusing on metabolic adaptations—specifically changes in glucose,lipid,protein metabolism,and energy consumption—were included.RESULTS Hepatectomy induces a shift toward gluconeogenesis and transient insulin resistance,increased lipid oxidation,amino acid imbalance,and a heightened inflammatory response,especially during ischaemia-reperfusion injury.These changes vary with the extent of resection and the presence of underlying liver disease.Novel insights include the role of the physiologic Pringle manoeuvre(a pharmacologic alternative to mechanical clamping)and metabolomic biomarkers for assessing surgical risk and liver regeneration.CONCLUSION Understanding the metabolic adaptations following hepatectomy provides an opportunity to optimise perioperative care strategies such as nutrition,glucose and lipid management,and mitigation of ischaemia-reperfusion injury.Integrating these insights may enhance surgical outcomes,particularly in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.展开更多
High-energy gamma-ray astronomy,at frequencies of 100 MeV to 100 GeV,yields insights into the fields of compact objects,extreme processes,and particle propagation.Thousands of gamma-ray sources have been detected by t...High-energy gamma-ray astronomy,at frequencies of 100 MeV to 100 GeV,yields insights into the fields of compact objects,extreme processes,and particle propagation.Thousands of gamma-ray sources have been detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope,many without any known counterpart at other wavelengths or clear identification of the source.Deep learning algorithms have been successfully applied to a variety of problems in astronomy.In this paper,I give some typical examples for classifying Fermi sources with deep learning methods,to show how such techniques can improve capability to unveil the nature of high-energy gamma-ray sources.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82341245,82371491)the Chinese Central Government(Key Project of Public Health Program)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1311706,2018YFC1311702)。
文摘Objective This study aimed to determine the temporal trends in sleep duration among Chinese adults.Methods In this series of repeated nationally representative cross-sectional surveys(China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance)conducted between 2010 and 2018,a total of 645,420 adult participants(97,741 in 2010;175,749 in 2013;187,777 in 2015;and 184,153 in 2018)were included in the trend analysis.Linear and logistic regression models were utilized to assess trends in sleep duration.Results In 2018,the estimated overall mean sleep duration among the Chinese adult population was7.58(SD,1.45)hours per day,with no significant trend from 2010.A significant increase in short sleep duration(≤6 hours)was observed in the total population,from 15.3%(95%CI:14.1%–16.5%)in 2010 to18.5%(95%CI:17.7%–19.3%)in 2018(P<0.001).Similarly,the trend in long sleep duration(>9 hours)was also significant,increasing in weighted prevalence from 7.2%(95%CI:6.3%–8.1%)in 2010 to 9.0%(95%CI:8.2%–9.9%)in 2018(P<0.001).Conclusion The prevalence of both short and long sleep durations significantly increased among Chinese adults from 2010 to 2018,highlighting the urgency of health initiatives to promote optimal sleep duration in China.
基金financial support through a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Florida Department of Health Hurricane Cooperative-Agreement grant(CFDA No.93.323)from 2019 to 2020.
文摘Background Lee County Mosquito Control District(LCMCD)is an independent taxing district that works to protect human health and improve quality of life in Lee County,Florida,USA.With local dengue transmission in southern Florida,LCMCD prioritized the control of Aedes aegypti.Due to the cryptic larval habitats of Ae.aegypti and insecticide resistance,effective control using conventional methods is difficult.Thus,the sterile insect technique(SIT)program,using X-ray irradiated male mosquitoes,was created to target Ae.aegypti.The goal of this program was to suppress Ae.aegypti through establishing a robust SIT program and performing a pilot study in the field to assess the impacts of SIT releases.Main text The SIT program at LCMCD released sterile male Ae.aegypti from 2020 to 2022 in Captiva Island,Florida.The SIT program works within a larger Integrated Mosquito Management(IMM)framework and is not a standalone tool.The SIT program consists of nine employees,one of which is dedicated to quality assurance.Quality assurance assessments are performed routinely and periodically.Due to widespread destruction throughout Captiva and Sanibel Islands from Hurricane Ian in September 2022,the SIT pilot in Captiva Island was concluded and moved to Fort Myers,Florida.During the pilot study on Captiva Island,various lessons were learned and this knowledge has been applied to efforts in Fort Myers.Conclusions LCMCD has established a successful SIT program to suppress populations of Ae.aegypti.Through connections with the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)and the University of Florida,LCMCD received guidance from experts in the field to help ensure the program’s success.Stable funding through taxes levied specifically for mosquito control provided essential consistency,allowing the program to grow and evolve.Consistent trapping routines provided immense amounts of entomological data.Thoughtful and intentional community engagement was essential in ensuring acceptance of the SIT program in Lee County.Following the phased conditional approach suggested by IAEA,LCMCD has built an effective and resilient SIT program.The integration of the SIT as a tool of an area-wide mosquito control program is a feature that distinguishes LCMCD’s SIT program from others.
基金supported by the Ministry of Health National Medical Research Council (to JL)the National University of Singapore (to JJEC)
文摘Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder marked by positive and negative symptoms,leading to mood disturbances,cognitive impairments,and social withdrawal.While anti-psychotic medications remain the cornerstone of treatment,they often fail to fully address certain symptoms.Additionally,treatment-resistant schizophrenia,affecting 30%-40%of patients,remains a substantial clinical challenge.Positive,negative symptoms and cognitive impairments have been linked to disruptions in the glutamatergic,serotonin,GABAergic,and muscarinic pathways in the brain.Recent advances using genome-wide association study and other approaches have uncovered a significant number of new schizophrenia risk genes that uncovered new,and reinforced prior,concepts on the genetic and neurological underpinnings of schizophrenia,including abnormalities in synaptic function,immune processes,and lipid metabolism.Concurrently,new therapeutics targeting different modalities,which are expected to address some of the limitations of anti-psychotic drugs currently being offered to patients,are currently being evaluated.Collectively,these efforts provide new momentum for the next phase of schizophrenia research and treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11804348,11775056,11975154,12225505,and 12405281)the Science Challenge(Project No.TZ2018005)+2 种基金supported by the Shanghai Pujiang Program(Grant No.23PJ1414600)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0890203)supported by the Accelerator Technology Helmholtz Infrastructure consortium ATHENA.
文摘The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of the initial spin direction,the spin dynamics of the electron beam are found to depend on the self-injection mechanism.The effects of wakefields and laser fields are studied using test particle dynamics and particle-in-cell simulations based on the Thomas-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation.Compared with transverse injection,longitudinal injection is found to be preferable for obtaining a highly polarized electron beam.
基金supported by a Presidential Postdoctoral Fellowship (021229-00001) from Nanyang Technological University,Singapore (to JZ)a Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Dean’s Postdoctoral Fellowship (021207-00001) from NTU Singaporea Mistletoe Research Fellowship (022522-00001) from the Momental Foundaton,USA (to CHL)
文摘The interaction between metabolic dysfunction and inflammation is central to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.Obesity-related conditions like type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease exacerbate this relationship.Peripheral lipid accumulation,particularly in the liver,initiates a cascade of inflammatory processes that extend to the brain,influencing critical metabolic regulatory regions.Ceramide and palmitate,key lipid components,along with lipid transporters lipocalin-2 and apolipoprotein E,contribute to neuroinflammation by disrupting blood–brain barrier integrity and promoting gliosis.Peripheral insulin resistance further exacerbates brain insulin resistance and neuroinflammation.Preclinical interventions targeting peripheral lipid metabolism and insulin signaling pathways have shown promise in reducing neuroinflammation in animal models.However,translating these findings to clinical practice requires further investigation into human subjects.In conclusion,metabolic dysfunction,peripheral inflammation,and insulin resistance are integral to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Understanding these complex mechanisms holds potential for identifying novel therapeutic targets and improving outcomes for neurodegenerative diseases.
文摘AIM:To report the demographic and systemic characteristics of patients,clinical progression of endophthalmitis,and the efficacy of various treatment strategies,with a focus on identifying key factors for preserving vision in eyes with endogenous endophthalmitis due to Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumoniae)liver abscess.METHODS:In this single-center,retrospective case series of 18 patients with endogenous endophthalmitis due to K.pneumoniae liver abscess were analyzed.Ophthalmologic features of endophthalmitis at early,intermediate and advanced stages were obtained from eyes with endophthalmitis of different severities.Prompt vitrectomy was considered primarily for all eyes except for very early endophthalmitis.Intravitreal injections of antibiotics were performed in eyes with endophthalmitis in the very early stages and in eyes where vitrectomy was not available,and additional control of infection was needed after vitrectomy.Evisceration was performed in eyes with corneoscleral perforation,advanced endophthalmitis,perforation with preseptal or orbital cellulitis,uncontrolled infection,or severe pain with no vision.RESULTS:Mean(±standard deviation)age of the 18 patients with endophthalmitis was 64.5±12.2(range:32-84)y,and 14 patients(77.8%)were males.Endophthalmitis tended to involve the retinal parenchyma first and then progressed into the vitreous cavity and anterior segments.However,it presented a tendency to cause massive subretinal abscesses even after vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade.Very high intraocular pressure with new vessels on the iris(41.7%)were also commonly observed.Although all but three patients had systemic disease such as diabetes or hypertension,visual prognosis after treatment did not appear to depend significantly on underlying comorbidities.A final best-corrected visual acuity better than 20/60 was achieved only when lesions were detected very early,with relatively good initial visual acuity,likely reflecting lower bacterial inoculation in the eye.CONCLUSION:Detection of early endophthalmitis lesions appears to be the only way to preserve good vision in patients with K.pneumoniae liver abscesses.Therefore,proper guidelines for ophthalmologic screening remain to be established for subjects at a high risk of endophthalmitis.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatectomy triggers complex metabolic changes as the liver adapts to the loss of functional mass and initiates regeneration.These changes impact carbohydrate,lipid,and protein metabolism,as well as energy and oxygen dynamics.A deeper understanding of these shifts is essential for improving perioperative management and enhancing long-term outcomes.AIM To review and synthesise the current understanding of metabolic changes following hepatectomy and explore their implications for perioperative care,postoperative recovery,and long-term patient outcomes.METHODS A narrative review was conducted using PubMed,Cochrane,and Scopus databases to identify relevant human studies published up to December 2024.Search terms included“hepatectomy”,“liver resection”,“metabolic changes”,and related phrases.Studies focusing on metabolic adaptations—specifically changes in glucose,lipid,protein metabolism,and energy consumption—were included.RESULTS Hepatectomy induces a shift toward gluconeogenesis and transient insulin resistance,increased lipid oxidation,amino acid imbalance,and a heightened inflammatory response,especially during ischaemia-reperfusion injury.These changes vary with the extent of resection and the presence of underlying liver disease.Novel insights include the role of the physiologic Pringle manoeuvre(a pharmacologic alternative to mechanical clamping)and metabolomic biomarkers for assessing surgical risk and liver regeneration.CONCLUSION Understanding the metabolic adaptations following hepatectomy provides an opportunity to optimise perioperative care strategies such as nutrition,glucose and lipid management,and mitigation of ischaemia-reperfusion injury.Integrating these insights may enhance surgical outcomes,particularly in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(12393853)。
文摘High-energy gamma-ray astronomy,at frequencies of 100 MeV to 100 GeV,yields insights into the fields of compact objects,extreme processes,and particle propagation.Thousands of gamma-ray sources have been detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope,many without any known counterpart at other wavelengths or clear identification of the source.Deep learning algorithms have been successfully applied to a variety of problems in astronomy.In this paper,I give some typical examples for classifying Fermi sources with deep learning methods,to show how such techniques can improve capability to unveil the nature of high-energy gamma-ray sources.
