In this paper,we report the experience received from the project-based learning activity in a fundamental chemistry course.We involved the first year students in Faculty of Engineering at King Mongkut’s University of...In this paper,we report the experience received from the project-based learning activity in a fundamental chemistry course.We involved the first year students in Faculty of Engineering at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi,Ratchaburi Learning Center,Thailand.This work considers the innovative activities performed in the field of chemistry and physics.This activity has been intensively implemented in teaching first year students.A project has been created to build up a small machine for measuring the concentration of sucrose solutions.The students participated in a project based learning(PBL)process,in which they worked in groups to create the instrument designed to measure the sucrose concentration in percentage by weight of sucrose in pure water solvent.Project-based learning has gained a greater position in the classroom as researchers have documented what teachers have long understood:Students become more engaged in learning when they have a chance to dig into complex and challenging problems that closely resemble real life.Moreover,several surveys have been conducted along one academic year to evaluate the impact of this method.The results of the surveys show that PBL encourages students’motivation and improves their knowledge involving the project.It is also pointed out that this methodology requires more dedication from lecturers than traditional methodology.展开更多
In gastrointestinal endoscopy, simulation-based training can help endoscopists acquire new skills and accelerate the learning curve. Simulation creates an ideal environment for trainees, where they can practice specif...In gastrointestinal endoscopy, simulation-based training can help endoscopists acquire new skills and accelerate the learning curve. Simulation creates an ideal environment for trainees, where they can practice specific skills, perform cases at their own pace, and make mistakes with no risk to patients. Educators also benefit from the use of simulators, as they can structure training according to learner needs and focus solely on the trainee. Not all simulation-based training,however, is effective. To maximize benefits from this instructional modality,educators must be conscious of learners' needs, the potential benefits of training,and associated costs. Simulation should be integrated into training in a manner that is grounded in educational theory and empirical data. In this review, we focus on four best practices in simulation-based education: deliberate practice with mastery learning, feedback and debriefing, contextual learning, and innovative educational strategies. For each topic, we provide definitions,supporting evidence, and practical tips for implementation.展开更多
Bootstrap methods are considered in the application of statistical process control because they can deal with unknown distributions and are easy to calculate using a personal computer. In this study we propose the use...Bootstrap methods are considered in the application of statistical process control because they can deal with unknown distributions and are easy to calculate using a personal computer. In this study we propose the use of bootstrap-t multivariate control technique on the minimax control chart. The technique takes care of correlated variables as well as the requirement of the distributional assumptions needed for the operation of the minimax control chart. The bootstrap-t technique provides the mean θB of all the bootstrap estimators ** where θi is the estimate using the ith bootstrap sample and B is the number of bootstraps. The computation of the proposed bootstrap-t minimax statistic was performed on the values obtained from the bootstrap estimation. This method was used to determine the position of the four control limits of the minimax control chart. The bootstrap-t approach introduced to minimax multivariate control chart helps to detect shifts in the mean vector of a multivariate process and it overcomes the computational complexity of obtaining the distribution of multivariate data.展开更多
BACKGROUND Epigenetic disruptions have been implicated in some cases of infertility and can serve as therapeutic targets.However,the involvement of epigenetics in infertility has not received adequate attention.AIM Th...BACKGROUND Epigenetic disruptions have been implicated in some cases of infertility and can serve as therapeutic targets.However,the involvement of epigenetics in infertility has not received adequate attention.AIM This study aimed to determine the epigenetic basis of infertility in order to enhance public knowledge.METHODS Relevant articles on the subject were collected from PubMed,RCA,Google Scholar,SpringerLink,and Scopus.The articles were pooled together and duplicates were removed using Endnote software.RESULTS Available information shows that epigenetic mechanisms,mainly DNA methylation,histone modification,and microRNA interference are necessary for normal gametogenesis and embryogenesis.As a result,epigenetic disruptions in genes that control gametogenesis and embryogenesis,such as DDX3X,ADH4,AZF,PLAG1,D1RAS3,CYGB,MEST,JMJD1A,KCNQ1,IGF2,H19,and MTHFR may result in infertility.Aberrant DNA methylation during genomic imprinting and parental epigenetic mark erasures,in particular,may affect the DNA epigenomes of sperm and oocytes,resulting in reproductive abnormalities.in the sperm may also cause reproductive abnormalities.Furthermore,overexpression or repression of certain microRNAs embedded in the ovary,testis,embryo,as well as granulosa cells and oocytes may impair reproduction.Male infertility is characterized by spermatogenesis failure,which includes oligozoospermia,asthenozoospermia,and teratozoospermia,while female infertility is characterized by polycystic ovary syndrome.Some epigenetic modifications can be reversed by deactivating the regulatory enzymes,implying that epigenetic reprogramming could help treat infertility in some cases.For some disorders,epigenetic drugs are available,but none have been formulated for infertility.CONCLUSION Some cases of infertility have an epigenetic etiology and can be treated by reversing the same epigenetic mechanism that caused it.As a result,medical practitioners are urged to come up with epigenetic treatments for infertility that have an epigenetic cause.展开更多
The emergence of mechanically one-way materials presents an exciting opportunity for materials science and engineering. These substances exhibit unique nonreciprocal mechanical responses, enabling them to selectively ...The emergence of mechanically one-way materials presents an exciting opportunity for materials science and engineering. These substances exhibit unique nonreciprocal mechanical responses, enabling them to selectively channel mechanical energy and facilitate directed sound propagation, controlled mass transport, and concentration of mechanical energy amidst random motion. This article explores the fundamentals of mechanically one-way materials, their potential applications across various industries, and the economic and environmental considerations related to their production and use.展开更多
The fingerprint identification technology has been developed and applied effectively to security systems in financial transactions,personal information security,national security,and other fields.In this paper,we prop...The fingerprint identification technology has been developed and applied effectively to security systems in financial transactions,personal information security,national security,and other fields.In this paper,we proposed the development of a fingerprint identification system based on image processing methods that clarify fingerprint contours,using machine learning methods to increase processing speed and increase the accuracy of the fingerprint identification process.The identification system consists of the following main steps:improving image quality and image segmentation to identify the fingerprint area,extracting features,and matching the database.The accuracy of the system reached 97.75%on the mixed high-and low-quality fingerprint database.展开更多
Higher education systems are under increasing pressure to embrace technology-enhanced learning as a meaningful step towards the digital transformation of education.Digital technologies in education promise optimal tea...Higher education systems are under increasing pressure to embrace technology-enhanced learning as a meaningful step towards the digital transformation of education.Digital technologies in education promise optimal teaching and learning,but at the same time,they put a strain on education systems to adapt pedagogical strategies.Classical pedagogical frameworks such as Dewey,Piaget,and Vygotsky’s theories focused on student agency and are not specific to contemporary education with ubiquitous digital technologies.Hence,there is a need for a novel and innovative pedagogical framework that aligns with these emerging and advanced digital technologies.However,recent guidelines to incorporate emerging digital technologies in education have largely focused on ethical dimensions and assessment practices.The lack of an overarching pedagogical framework for teaching and learning practices in the digital era is a threat to quality education.The current study proposes a digital pedagogy for sustainable educational transformation(DP4SET)framework applicable to the new modes of teaching and learning powered by digital technologies.The DP4SET framework comprises four components that advocate for digital competence for accessing deep learning,evidencebased practice with quality digital resources,learning environments with applicable digital technology,and synergy between human teachers and trustworthy artificial intelligence(AI).A real-world application of the DP4SET framework in Chinese contexts proves that it promotes the effective use of technology and significantly reshapes teaching and learning in and beyond the classroom.The proposed digital pedagogy framework provides a foundation for modern education systems to accommodate advanced digital technologies for sustainable digital transformation of education.展开更多
Background:Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes(BECTS)is the most common type of childhood idiopathic focal epilepsy.BECTS is associated with pervasive cognitive deficits and behavior problems.While seizures can...Background:Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes(BECTS)is the most common type of childhood idiopathic focal epilepsy.BECTS is associated with pervasive cognitive deficits and behavior problems.While seizures can be easily controlled,it is crucial to select anti-epileptic drugs that do not impair cognition,do not cause psychosocial effects,and improve the quality of life.Previous studies showed effects of oxcarbazepine(OXC)monotherapy on the cognitive and psychosocial profiles of patients with BECTS.Here,we studied the effects of OXC monotherapy on the neuropsychologic profiles and quality of life in patients with BECTS in China.Methods:Thirty-one patients aged 6 to 12 years newly diagnosed with BECTS were recruited.A psychometric assessment was performed before and during the follow-up of OXC monotherapy with Cognitive Computerized Task Battery,Depression SelfRating Scale for children,Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders,and Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31(QOLIE-31).The results of the assessments were compared to explore the effect of OXC monotherapy in patients with BECTS.Results:Thirty children with BECTS completed the study.Five of ten cognitive test scores improved after treatment via OXC monotherapy,including visual tracing(F=14.480,P<0.001),paired associated learning(language)(F=6.292,P<0.001),paired associated learning(number)(F=9.721,P<0.05),word semantic(F=6.003,P<0.05),and simple subtraction(F=6.229,P<0.05).Of the neuropsychology data concerning the quality of life,statistically significant improvements were observed in emotion(F=4.946,P<0.05),QOLIE-social(F=5.912,P<0.05),and QOLIE-total(F=14.161,P<0.001).Conclusions:OXC is safe and does not impair neuropsychologic functions,with no obvious mood burden on children with BECTS.Most importantly,OXC has positive impacts on children’s perception of quality of life,especially in terms of happiness and life satisfaction.展开更多
Semantic segmentation has recently witnessed rapid progress, but existing methods only focus on identifying objects or instances. In this work, we aim to address the task of semantic understanding of scenes with deep ...Semantic segmentation has recently witnessed rapid progress, but existing methods only focus on identifying objects or instances. In this work, we aim to address the task of semantic understanding of scenes with deep learning. Different from many existing methods, our method focuses on putting forward some techniques to improve the existing algorithms, rather than to propose a whole new framework. Objectness enhancement is the first effective technique. It exploits the detection module to produce object region proposals with category probability, and these regions are used to weight the parsing feature map directly. 'Extra background' category, as a specific category, is often attached to the category space for improving parsing result in semantic and instance segmentation tasks. In scene parsing tasks, extra background category is still beneficial to improve the model in training. However, some pixels may be assigned into this nonexistent category in inference. Black-hole filling technique is proposed to avoid the incorrect classification. For verifying these two techniques, we integrate them into a parsing framework for generating parsing result. We call this unified framework as Objectness Enhancement Network (OENet). Compared with previous work, our proposed OENet system effectively improves the performance over the original model on SceneParse150 scene parsing dataset, reaching 38.4 mIoU (mean intersection-over-union) and 77.9% accuracy in the validation set without assembling multiple models. Its effectiveness is also verified on the Cityscapes dataset.展开更多
The 5G communication technology serving a wide range of vertical industries is maturing,which provides a possible boost for the development of smart education and lays a foundation for solving the principal contradict...The 5G communication technology serving a wide range of vertical industries is maturing,which provides a possible boost for the development of smart education and lays a foundation for solving the principal contradiction in current education.With the characteristics of ultra-high speed,low latency,low energy consumption,massive network capacity,and high reliability,the 5G technology is applied with other technologies like artificial intelligence(AI),internet of things(IoT),big data,and blockchain to promote the application upgrading of intelligent education technology.This paper analyzes the intelligent education technology and its eight typical applications in the 5G era,which include smart safe campus,integrated learning spaces,synchronous cyber classrooms,teachers’professional development,robot learning partners,mobile and ubiquitous learning,virtual simulation training,and smart e-textbooks.Then,it discusses how intelligent education technology promotes changes in the modes of learning and teaching in the 5G era from three dimensions:individual learning,collaborative group learning,and classroom-based collective teaching.At last,the framework of smart education in the 5G era is proposed from the perspectives of intelligent education technology and its typical applications,changes in learning and teaching,and the new ecosystem of smart education.展开更多
Highlights Around the world,nations are grappling with the longstanding inequalities in education and society that were made more visible during the pandemic-along with the increasing educational demands of our fast-c...Highlights Around the world,nations are grappling with the longstanding inequalities in education and society that were made more visible during the pandemic-along with the increasing educational demands of our fast-changing,knowledge-based world.This article outlines the anatomy of educational inequality and the demands for students to develop“learning ability.”展开更多
文摘In this paper,we report the experience received from the project-based learning activity in a fundamental chemistry course.We involved the first year students in Faculty of Engineering at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi,Ratchaburi Learning Center,Thailand.This work considers the innovative activities performed in the field of chemistry and physics.This activity has been intensively implemented in teaching first year students.A project has been created to build up a small machine for measuring the concentration of sucrose solutions.The students participated in a project based learning(PBL)process,in which they worked in groups to create the instrument designed to measure the sucrose concentration in percentage by weight of sucrose in pure water solvent.Project-based learning has gained a greater position in the classroom as researchers have documented what teachers have long understood:Students become more engaged in learning when they have a chance to dig into complex and challenging problems that closely resemble real life.Moreover,several surveys have been conducted along one academic year to evaluate the impact of this method.The results of the surveys show that PBL encourages students’motivation and improves their knowledge involving the project.It is also pointed out that this methodology requires more dedication from lecturers than traditional methodology.
文摘In gastrointestinal endoscopy, simulation-based training can help endoscopists acquire new skills and accelerate the learning curve. Simulation creates an ideal environment for trainees, where they can practice specific skills, perform cases at their own pace, and make mistakes with no risk to patients. Educators also benefit from the use of simulators, as they can structure training according to learner needs and focus solely on the trainee. Not all simulation-based training,however, is effective. To maximize benefits from this instructional modality,educators must be conscious of learners' needs, the potential benefits of training,and associated costs. Simulation should be integrated into training in a manner that is grounded in educational theory and empirical data. In this review, we focus on four best practices in simulation-based education: deliberate practice with mastery learning, feedback and debriefing, contextual learning, and innovative educational strategies. For each topic, we provide definitions,supporting evidence, and practical tips for implementation.
文摘Bootstrap methods are considered in the application of statistical process control because they can deal with unknown distributions and are easy to calculate using a personal computer. In this study we propose the use of bootstrap-t multivariate control technique on the minimax control chart. The technique takes care of correlated variables as well as the requirement of the distributional assumptions needed for the operation of the minimax control chart. The bootstrap-t technique provides the mean θB of all the bootstrap estimators ** where θi is the estimate using the ith bootstrap sample and B is the number of bootstraps. The computation of the proposed bootstrap-t minimax statistic was performed on the values obtained from the bootstrap estimation. This method was used to determine the position of the four control limits of the minimax control chart. The bootstrap-t approach introduced to minimax multivariate control chart helps to detect shifts in the mean vector of a multivariate process and it overcomes the computational complexity of obtaining the distribution of multivariate data.
文摘BACKGROUND Epigenetic disruptions have been implicated in some cases of infertility and can serve as therapeutic targets.However,the involvement of epigenetics in infertility has not received adequate attention.AIM This study aimed to determine the epigenetic basis of infertility in order to enhance public knowledge.METHODS Relevant articles on the subject were collected from PubMed,RCA,Google Scholar,SpringerLink,and Scopus.The articles were pooled together and duplicates were removed using Endnote software.RESULTS Available information shows that epigenetic mechanisms,mainly DNA methylation,histone modification,and microRNA interference are necessary for normal gametogenesis and embryogenesis.As a result,epigenetic disruptions in genes that control gametogenesis and embryogenesis,such as DDX3X,ADH4,AZF,PLAG1,D1RAS3,CYGB,MEST,JMJD1A,KCNQ1,IGF2,H19,and MTHFR may result in infertility.Aberrant DNA methylation during genomic imprinting and parental epigenetic mark erasures,in particular,may affect the DNA epigenomes of sperm and oocytes,resulting in reproductive abnormalities.in the sperm may also cause reproductive abnormalities.Furthermore,overexpression or repression of certain microRNAs embedded in the ovary,testis,embryo,as well as granulosa cells and oocytes may impair reproduction.Male infertility is characterized by spermatogenesis failure,which includes oligozoospermia,asthenozoospermia,and teratozoospermia,while female infertility is characterized by polycystic ovary syndrome.Some epigenetic modifications can be reversed by deactivating the regulatory enzymes,implying that epigenetic reprogramming could help treat infertility in some cases.For some disorders,epigenetic drugs are available,but none have been formulated for infertility.CONCLUSION Some cases of infertility have an epigenetic etiology and can be treated by reversing the same epigenetic mechanism that caused it.As a result,medical practitioners are urged to come up with epigenetic treatments for infertility that have an epigenetic cause.
文摘The emergence of mechanically one-way materials presents an exciting opportunity for materials science and engineering. These substances exhibit unique nonreciprocal mechanical responses, enabling them to selectively channel mechanical energy and facilitate directed sound propagation, controlled mass transport, and concentration of mechanical energy amidst random motion. This article explores the fundamentals of mechanically one-way materials, their potential applications across various industries, and the economic and environmental considerations related to their production and use.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.00001 and 00010)Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(No.KJ120616).
文摘The fingerprint identification technology has been developed and applied effectively to security systems in financial transactions,personal information security,national security,and other fields.In this paper,we proposed the development of a fingerprint identification system based on image processing methods that clarify fingerprint contours,using machine learning methods to increase processing speed and increase the accuracy of the fingerprint identification process.The identification system consists of the following main steps:improving image quality and image segmentation to identify the fingerprint area,extracting features,and matching the database.The accuracy of the system reached 97.75%on the mixed high-and low-quality fingerprint database.
基金supported by the Major Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research of the Ministry of Education,China(Grant No.23JZDW12).
文摘Higher education systems are under increasing pressure to embrace technology-enhanced learning as a meaningful step towards the digital transformation of education.Digital technologies in education promise optimal teaching and learning,but at the same time,they put a strain on education systems to adapt pedagogical strategies.Classical pedagogical frameworks such as Dewey,Piaget,and Vygotsky’s theories focused on student agency and are not specific to contemporary education with ubiquitous digital technologies.Hence,there is a need for a novel and innovative pedagogical framework that aligns with these emerging and advanced digital technologies.However,recent guidelines to incorporate emerging digital technologies in education have largely focused on ethical dimensions and assessment practices.The lack of an overarching pedagogical framework for teaching and learning practices in the digital era is a threat to quality education.The current study proposes a digital pedagogy for sustainable educational transformation(DP4SET)framework applicable to the new modes of teaching and learning powered by digital technologies.The DP4SET framework comprises four components that advocate for digital competence for accessing deep learning,evidencebased practice with quality digital resources,learning environments with applicable digital technology,and synergy between human teachers and trustworthy artificial intelligence(AI).A real-world application of the DP4SET framework in Chinese contexts proves that it promotes the effective use of technology and significantly reshapes teaching and learning in and beyond the classroom.The proposed digital pedagogy framework provides a foundation for modern education systems to accommodate advanced digital technologies for sustainable digital transformation of education.
基金This work was supported by the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2016YFC0905100 and 2016YFC1000504)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(No.2016-I2M-1-002)Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(No.Z171100000417020).
文摘Background:Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes(BECTS)is the most common type of childhood idiopathic focal epilepsy.BECTS is associated with pervasive cognitive deficits and behavior problems.While seizures can be easily controlled,it is crucial to select anti-epileptic drugs that do not impair cognition,do not cause psychosocial effects,and improve the quality of life.Previous studies showed effects of oxcarbazepine(OXC)monotherapy on the cognitive and psychosocial profiles of patients with BECTS.Here,we studied the effects of OXC monotherapy on the neuropsychologic profiles and quality of life in patients with BECTS in China.Methods:Thirty-one patients aged 6 to 12 years newly diagnosed with BECTS were recruited.A psychometric assessment was performed before and during the follow-up of OXC monotherapy with Cognitive Computerized Task Battery,Depression SelfRating Scale for children,Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders,and Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31(QOLIE-31).The results of the assessments were compared to explore the effect of OXC monotherapy in patients with BECTS.Results:Thirty children with BECTS completed the study.Five of ten cognitive test scores improved after treatment via OXC monotherapy,including visual tracing(F=14.480,P<0.001),paired associated learning(language)(F=6.292,P<0.001),paired associated learning(number)(F=9.721,P<0.05),word semantic(F=6.003,P<0.05),and simple subtraction(F=6.229,P<0.05).Of the neuropsychology data concerning the quality of life,statistically significant improvements were observed in emotion(F=4.946,P<0.05),QOLIE-social(F=5.912,P<0.05),and QOLIE-total(F=14.161,P<0.001).Conclusions:OXC is safe and does not impair neuropsychologic functions,with no obvious mood burden on children with BECTS.Most importantly,OXC has positive impacts on children’s perception of quality of life,especially in terms of happiness and life satisfaction.
文摘Semantic segmentation has recently witnessed rapid progress, but existing methods only focus on identifying objects or instances. In this work, we aim to address the task of semantic understanding of scenes with deep learning. Different from many existing methods, our method focuses on putting forward some techniques to improve the existing algorithms, rather than to propose a whole new framework. Objectness enhancement is the first effective technique. It exploits the detection module to produce object region proposals with category probability, and these regions are used to weight the parsing feature map directly. 'Extra background' category, as a specific category, is often attached to the category space for improving parsing result in semantic and instance segmentation tasks. In scene parsing tasks, extra background category is still beneficial to improve the model in training. However, some pixels may be assigned into this nonexistent category in inference. Black-hole filling technique is proposed to avoid the incorrect classification. For verifying these two techniques, we integrate them into a parsing framework for generating parsing result. We call this unified framework as Objectness Enhancement Network (OENet). Compared with previous work, our proposed OENet system effectively improves the performance over the original model on SceneParse150 scene parsing dataset, reaching 38.4 mIoU (mean intersection-over-union) and 77.9% accuracy in the validation set without assembling multiple models. Its effectiveness is also verified on the Cityscapes dataset.
基金supported by China National Social Sciences Key Project“Research on the Ethics and Limits of AI in Educution Scenarios”(No.ACA220027)the Ministry of Education’s“14th Five-Year Plan”Research Project“Research on New Opportunities and New Challenges for Education in the 5G Era”(No.SSW202018).
文摘The 5G communication technology serving a wide range of vertical industries is maturing,which provides a possible boost for the development of smart education and lays a foundation for solving the principal contradiction in current education.With the characteristics of ultra-high speed,low latency,low energy consumption,massive network capacity,and high reliability,the 5G technology is applied with other technologies like artificial intelligence(AI),internet of things(IoT),big data,and blockchain to promote the application upgrading of intelligent education technology.This paper analyzes the intelligent education technology and its eight typical applications in the 5G era,which include smart safe campus,integrated learning spaces,synchronous cyber classrooms,teachers’professional development,robot learning partners,mobile and ubiquitous learning,virtual simulation training,and smart e-textbooks.Then,it discusses how intelligent education technology promotes changes in the modes of learning and teaching in the 5G era from three dimensions:individual learning,collaborative group learning,and classroom-based collective teaching.At last,the framework of smart education in the 5G era is proposed from the perspectives of intelligent education technology and its typical applications,changes in learning and teaching,and the new ecosystem of smart education.
文摘Highlights Around the world,nations are grappling with the longstanding inequalities in education and society that were made more visible during the pandemic-along with the increasing educational demands of our fast-changing,knowledge-based world.This article outlines the anatomy of educational inequality and the demands for students to develop“learning ability.”
