Brain metastasis and primary glioblastoma multiforme represent the most common and lethal malignant brain tumors.Its median survival time is typically less than a year after diagnosis.One of the major challenges in tr...Brain metastasis and primary glioblastoma multiforme represent the most common and lethal malignant brain tumors.Its median survival time is typically less than a year after diagnosis.One of the major challenges in treating these cancers is the efficiency of the transport of drugs to the central nervous system.The blood-brain barrier is cooperating with advanced stages of malignancy.The blood-brain barrier poses a significant challenge to delivering systemic medications to brain tumors.Nanodrug delivery systems have emerged as promising tools for effectively crossing this barrier.Additionally,the development of smart nanoparticles brings new hope for cancer diagnosis and treatment.These nanoparticles improve drug delivery efficiency,allowing for the creation of targeted and stimuli-responsive delivery methods.This review highlights recent advancements in nanoparticle and smart nanoparticle technologies for brain cancer treatment,exploring the range of nanoparticles under development,their applications,targeting strategies,and the latest progress in enhancing transport across the blood-brain barrier.It also addresses the ongoing challenges and potential benefits of these innovative approaches.展开更多
Production of green hydrogen through water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources has garnered increasing attention as an attractive strategy for the storage of clean and sustainable energy.Among various ele...Production of green hydrogen through water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources has garnered increasing attention as an attractive strategy for the storage of clean and sustainable energy.Among various electrolysis technologies,the emerging anion exchange membrane water electrolyser(AEMWE)exhibits the most potential for green hydrogen production,offering a potentially costeffective and sustainable approach that combines the advantages of high current density and fast start from proton exchange membrane water electrolyser(PEMWE)and low-cost catalyst from traditional alkaline water electrolyser(AWE)systems.Due to its relatively recent emergence over the past decade,a series of efforts are dedicated to improving the electrochemical reaction performance to accelerate the development and commercialization of AEMWE technology.A catalytic electrode comprising a gas diffusion layer(GDL)and a catalyst layer(CL)is usually called a gas diffusion electrode(GDE)that serves as a fundamental component within AEMWE,and also plays a core role in enhancing mass transfer during the electrolysis process.Inside the GDEs,bubbles nucleate and grow within the CL and then are transported through the GDL before eventually detaching to enter the electrolyte in the flow field.The transfer processes of water,gas bubbles,charges,and ions are intricately influenced by bubbles.This phenomenon is referred to as bubble-associated mass transfer.Like water management in fuel cells,effective bubble management is crucial in electrolysers,as its failure can result in various overpotential losses,such as activation losses,ohmic losses,and mass transfer losses,ultimately degrading the AEMWE performance.Despite significant advancements in the development of new materials and techniques in AEMWE,there is an urgent need for a comprehensive discussion focused on GDEs,with a particular emphasis on bubbleassociated mass transfer phenomena.This review aims to highlight recent findings regarding mass transfer in GDEs,particularly the impacts of bubble accumulation;and presents the latest advancements in designing CLs and GDLs to mitigate bubble-related issues.It is worth noting that a series of innovative bubble-free-GDE designs for water electrolysis are also emphasized in this review.This review is expected to be a valuable reference for gaining a deeper understanding of bubble-related mass transfer,especially the complex bubble behavior associated with GDEs,and for developing innovative practical strategies to advance AEMWE for green hydrogen production.展开更多
Background:The anterior talofibular ligament(ATFL)and the calcaneofibular ligament(CFL)are vulnerable to be torn or ruptured during lateral ankle sprain(LAS),especially in people with chronic ankle instability(CAI).Th...Background:The anterior talofibular ligament(ATFL)and the calcaneofibular ligament(CFL)are vulnerable to be torn or ruptured during lateral ankle sprain(LAS),especially in people with chronic ankle instability(CAI).This study aims to determine whether landing with a larger toe-out angle would influence ATFL and CFL strains in people with CAI,aiming to contribute to the development of effective landing strategies to reduce LAS risk.Methods:Thirty participants with CAI(22 males and 8 females,age:21.2±1.2 years,height:176.9±9.0 cm,body mass:70.6±12.1 kg,mean±SD)were recruited.Each participant landed on a specialized trap-door device with their unaffected limbs on a support platform and their affected limbs on a movable platform,which could be flipped 24°inward and 15°forward to mimic LAS conditions.Two landing conditions were tested—i.e.,natural landing(NL,with natural toe-out angle at landing)and toe-out landing(TL,with toe-out angle increased to over 150%of that under the NL conditions).Kinematic data were captured using a 12-camera motion analysis system,and ATFL and CFL strains were calculated using a 3D rigid-body foot model.Paired sample t tests and Pearson's correlations were used to analyze data.Results:Compared to NL conditions,ATFL strain decreased(p<0.001,d=2.42)while CFL strain remained unchanged(p=0.229,d=0.09)under TL conditions.The toe-out angle was negatively and strongly correlated with ATFL strain(r=-0.743,p<0.001)but not with CFL strain(r=0.153,p=0.251).Compared to NL conditions,participants exhibit a lower ankle inversion angle(p<0.001,d=0.494),a higher plantarflexion angle(p<0.001,d=1.101),and no significant difference in external rotation angle(p=0.571,d=0.133)under TL conditions.Conclusion:Toe-out landing may reduce ATFL strain while maintaining CFL strain in people with CAI,thereby reducing the risk of LAS.展开更多
The article contains an error regarding the electron spectra displayed in Figs.4 and 5 and the data extracted from these spectra.The measurements were made with the SESAME magnetic spectrometer,the working principle o...The article contains an error regarding the electron spectra displayed in Figs.4 and 5 and the data extracted from these spectra.The measurements were made with the SESAME magnetic spectrometer,the working principle of which is recalled in Fig.1.Specifically,a magnetic dipole is used to separate charged particles(electrons in the case of this experiment)depending on their energy,charge and mass.The deflected particles then hit an imaging plate(IP)and deposit energy in its sensitive layer.The kinetic energy of the particles can be evaluated from their impact position on the IP and their number can be inferred from the local energy deposition.展开更多
The authors regret that an error occurred during the preparation of their article:One of the official databases,which was used for functional trait collections,contained an incorrect term–'chametophytes'–for...The authors regret that an error occurred during the preparation of their article:One of the official databases,which was used for functional trait collections,contained an incorrect term–'chametophytes'–for the life form category'chamaephytes'.Unfortunately,this incorrect term was used throughout the article following the nomenclature of this official database:in one instance in the main text,in Fig.3 and its caption,in Fig.5,and in two instances in the supplementary material.展开更多
This research aims to study the bio-adsorption process of two dyes,Cibacron Green H3G(CG-H3G)and Terasil Red(TR),in a single system and to bring them closer to the industrial textile discharge by a binary mixture of t...This research aims to study the bio-adsorption process of two dyes,Cibacron Green H3G(CG-H3G)and Terasil Red(TR),in a single system and to bring them closer to the industrial textile discharge by a binary mixture of two dyes(TR+CG-H3G).The Cockle Shell(CS)was used as a natural bio-adsorbent.The characterizations of CS were investigated by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX)and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET).The adsorption potential of Cockle Shells was tested in two cases(single and binary system)and determined by:contact time(0–60 min),bio-adsorption dose(3–15 g/L),initial concentration(10–300 mg/L),temperature(22–61°C)and pH solution(2–12).The study of bio-adsorption(equilibrium and kinetics)was conducted at 22°C.The kinetic studies demon-strated that a pseudo-second-order adsorption mechanism had a good correlation coefficient(R2≥0.999).The Langmuir isotherm modeling provided a well-defined description of TR and CG-H3G bio-adsorption on cockle shells,exhibiting maximum capacities of 29.41 and 3.69 mg/g respectively at 22°C.The thermodynamic study shows that the reaction between the TR,CG-H3G dyes molecules and the bio-adsorbent is exothermic,spontaneous in the range of 22–31°C with the aleatory character decrease at the solid-liquid interface.The study of selectivity in single and binary systems has been performed under optimal operating conditions using the industrial textile rejection pH(pH=6.04).CG-H3G dye is found to have a higher selectivity than TR in single(0–60 min)and binary systems with a range of 6–45 min,as shown by the selectivity measurement.It was discovered that CS has the capability to remove both CG-H3G and TR dyes in both simple and binary systems,making it a superior bio-adsorbent.展开更多
This research aims to explore the decoration of TiO_(2)substrates with silver nanoparticles as a means of enhancing the photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds.The results show that decorated TiO_(2)substrates e...This research aims to explore the decoration of TiO_(2)substrates with silver nanoparticles as a means of enhancing the photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds.The results show that decorated TiO_(2)substrates exhibit significantly higher photocatalytic activity in sunlight than undecorated substrates.Morphological analysis is performed,followed by optical and structural characterizations.Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the TiO_(2)reveals many nanotubular structures with particle sizes of∼134.4,148.8,and 132.7 nm at random locations.TiO_(2)is also found to have an absorbance range of 397.6 nm,from which it is known that the photocatalyst reacts in the presence of an ultraviolet source.From the Miller indices of the x-ray diffraction peaks,the preferred crystal orientation is found to be associated with a face-centered cubic structure with a crystallite size of 3.76 nm.Using these promising results,photocatalytic analysis is performed,revealing good degradation characteristics.This investigation reveals that TiO_(2)substrates coated with Ag nanoparticles possess significant potential for application in the photocatalytic oxidation of methylene blue dye,which is a crucial step toward establishing a cleaner environment.展开更多
The main goal of this paper is to present the free vibration and buckling of viscoelastic functionally graded porous(FGP)nanosheet based on nonlocal strain gradient(NSGT)and surface elasticity theories.The nanosheets ...The main goal of this paper is to present the free vibration and buckling of viscoelastic functionally graded porous(FGP)nanosheet based on nonlocal strain gradient(NSGT)and surface elasticity theories.The nanosheets are placed on a visco-Pasternak medium in a hygro-temperature environment with nonlinear rules.The viscoelastic material characteristics of nanosheets are based on Kelvin’s model.The unique point of this study is to consider the change of nonlocal and length-scale coefficients according to thickness,similar to the laws of the material properties.The Galerkin approach based on the Kirchhoff-love plate theory is applied to determine the natural frequency and critical buckling load of the viscoelastic FGP nanosheet with various boundary conditions.The accuracy of the proposed method is verified through reliable publications.The outcome of this study highlights the significant effects of the nonlocal and length-scale parameters on the vibration and buckling behaviors of viscoelastic FGP nanosheets.展开更多
The lipid mediator platelet-activating factor(PAF)and its receptor(PAFR)signaling play critical roles in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological conditions,including cancer growth and metastasis.The abili...The lipid mediator platelet-activating factor(PAF)and its receptor(PAFR)signaling play critical roles in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological conditions,including cancer growth and metastasis.The ability of PAFR to interact with other oncogenic signaling cascades makes it a promising target for cancer treatment.Moreover,numerous natural and synthetic compounds,characterized by diverse pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects,have been explored for their potential as PAF and PAFR antagonists.In this review,we provide comprehensive evidence regarding the PAF/PAFR signaling pathway,highlighting the effectiveness of various classes of PAF and PAFR inhibitors and antagonists across multiple cancer models.Notably,the synergistic effects of PAF and PAFR antagonists in enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in several experimental cancer models are also discussed.Overall,the synthesis of literature review indicates that targeting the PAF/PAFR axis represents a promising approach for cancer treatment and also exerts synergy with chemotherapy and radiation therapy.展开更多
Recent advancements in additive manufacturing(AM)have revolutionized the design and production of complex engineering microstructures.Despite these advancements,their mathematical modeling and computational analysis r...Recent advancements in additive manufacturing(AM)have revolutionized the design and production of complex engineering microstructures.Despite these advancements,their mathematical modeling and computational analysis remain significant challenges.This research aims to develop an effective computational method for analyzing the free vibration of functionally graded(FG)microplates under high temperatures while resting on a Pasternak foundation(PF).This formulation leverages a new thirdorder shear deformation theory(new TSDT)for improved accuracy without requiring shear correction factors.Additionally,the modified couple stress theory(MCST)is incorporated to account for sizedependent effects in microplates.The PF is characterized by two parameters including spring stiffness(k_(w))and shear layer stiffness(k_(s)).To validate the proposed method,the results obtained are compared with those of the existing literature.Furthermore,numerical examples explore the influence of various factors on the high-temperature free vibration of FG microplates.These factors include the length scale parameter(l),geometric dimensions,material properties,and the presence of the elastic foundation.The findings significantly enhance our comprehension of the free vibration of FG microplates in high thermal environments.In addition,the findings significantly enhance our comprehension of the free vibration of FG microplates in high thermal environments.In addition,the results of this research will have great potential in military and defense applications such as components of submarines,fighter aircraft,and missiles.展开更多
Direct formic acid fuel cells are promising energy devices with advantages of low working temperature and high safety in fuel storage and transport.They have been expected to be a future power source for portable elec...Direct formic acid fuel cells are promising energy devices with advantages of low working temperature and high safety in fuel storage and transport.They have been expected to be a future power source for portable electronic devices.The technology has been developed rapidly to overcome the high cost and low power performance that hinder its practical application,which mainly originated from the slow reaction kinetics of the formic acid oxidation and complex mass transfer within the fuel cell electrodes.Here,we provide a comprehensive review of the progress around this technology,in particular for addressing multiscale challenges from catalytic mechanism understanding at the atomic scale,to catalyst design at the nanoscale,electrode structure at the micro scale and design at the millimeter scale,and finally to device fabrication at the meter scale.The gap between the highly active electrocatalysts and the poor electrode performance in practical devices is highlighted.Finally,perspectives and opportunities are proposed to potentially bridge this gap for further development of this technology.展开更多
Poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)is one of the most promising hole-transporting materials in the pursuit of efficient and stable perovskite solar cells due to its outstanding stability and low cost.However,the intrinsic lo...Poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)is one of the most promising hole-transporting materials in the pursuit of efficient and stable perovskite solar cells due to its outstanding stability and low cost.However,the intrinsic low carrier density of P3 HT and poor contact between the P3HT/perovskite interface always lead to a low performance of the solar cell,while conventional chemical doping always makes the films unstable and limits the scalability.In this work,for the first time,we simultaneously enhanced the hole transporting properties of P3HT film and the interface of perovskite by doping it with a judiciously designed oxidized small molecule organic semiconductor.The organic salt not only can promote the lamellar crystallinity of P3HT to obtain better charge transport properties,but also reduce the defects of perovskite.As a result,we achieved champion efficiencies of 23.0%for small-area solar cells and 18.8%for larger-area modules(48.0 cm^(2)).This efficiency is the highest value for P3HT-based perovskite modules.Moreover,the solar cells show excellent operational stability,retaining over 95%of their initial efficiencies after1200 h of continuous operation.展开更多
In Burkina Faso, as in other African countries, infertility has become a social burden for the population and a public health problem. Male infertility accounts for 30% to 40% of all infertility cases. The diagnosis o...In Burkina Faso, as in other African countries, infertility has become a social burden for the population and a public health problem. Male infertility accounts for 30% to 40% of all infertility cases. The diagnosis of male infertility or hypofertility is often made by a simple laboratory analysis of sperm to explore sperm parameters. In most African countries, such as Burkina Faso, microbiological analysis in the context of sperm analysis is still not developed, and is carried out solely based on microscopy and traditional culture, which does not allow the growth of fragile and demanding bacteria. Our study investigated the microorganisms of sperm that may be involved in male infertility, using conventional bacteriology techniques and real-time PCR. However, it did not intend to perform a multivariate statistical association analysis to estimate the association of microorganisms with abnormal semen parameters. This prospective cross-sectional pilot study was carried out on patients who visited the bacteriology laboratory of Centre MURAZ, a research Institute in Burkina Faso, for male infertility diagnosis between 2 August and 31 August 2021. Bacteria were isolated and identified using standard bacteriology techniques. In parallel, common pathogenic microorganisms known to be associated with male infertility were targeted and detected in the sperm using a multiplex real-time PCR assay. A total of 38 sperm samples were analyzed by bacteriological culture and bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) 5.55%, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) and Staphylococcus hoemalyticus (S. hoemalyticus) respectively 2.70%. Real-time PCR targeted and detected Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) at 7.89%, Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) at 21.05%, Ureaplasma parvum (U. parvum) at 18.42%, Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) at 15.79%, Mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium) at 10.53% and Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) at 2.63%. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) was targeted by the real-time PCR assay and was not detected (0%) in the tested semen samples. Our study highlights critical limitations of culture performance (low sensitivity), particularly in Burkina Faso, which has a total inability to detect microorganisms (fragile and demanding microorganisms) detected by PCR-based assays. There is therefore an urgent need to at least optimize culture, procedures and algorithms for detection of microorganisms associated with male infertility in clinical laboratories of Burkina Faso. The most effective solution is the routine implementation of molecular diagnostic methods.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are rare mesenchymal tumors that rarely present with gastrointestinal(GI)bleeding due to tumor erosion.GISTs com-Core Tip:Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are rare...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are rare mesenchymal tumors that rarely present with gastrointestinal(GI)bleeding due to tumor erosion.GISTs com-Core Tip:Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are rare mesenchymal tumors that rarely cause gastrointestinal(GI)bleeding.Mucosal ulceration and unfavorable tumor locations are risk factors for tumor progression and malignancy.We present a case of GI bleeding in a 42-year-old man complaining of melena over five days,which was diagnosed as a benign,ulcerated,jejunal GIST on histopathology and immunohistochemistry.Prompt evaluation using specialized diagnostic tools to locate obscure bleeding sources and complete surgical resection are key to favorable outcomes.GI bleeding in GIST is associated with a poor prognosis.Hence,detailed follow-ups are essential to detect and prevent tumor recurrence.INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are generally recognized as spindle cell,epithelioid,or occasionally pleomorphic tumors that usually develop in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract.Originating from mesenchymal cells of the GI tract,GISTs make up 1%-3%of all GI malignancies and progress to malignancy in approximately 10%to 30%of cases[1,2].A greater risk of tumor progression is linked to GISTs associated with mucosal ulceration and those that develop outside of the stomach[1,3].Many GISTs carry mutations in the genes encoding type III receptor tyrosine kinases,particularly KIT or PDGFRA,which is the case in up to 85%of instances.A significant majority,about 95%,of these tumors are positive for the KIT protein when tested with immunohistochemistry[4].The most common places where GIST arises are the stomach,followed by the small bowel[2].In 19%of cases,GISTs manifest asymptomatically,particularly in cases of smaller tumors of the intestinal tract.Studies show that around 10%of these cases were caught at autopsy and 20%during abdominal surgery for other conditions,making them a common incidental finding rather than a clinical suspicion[5,6].Patients who are symptomatic may exhibit non-specific symptoms such as nausea,vomiting,abdominal distension,early satiety,abdominal pain,and,in rare cases,a palpable abdominal mass.Obstruction of the GI lumen by endophytic growth or compression of the GI tract by exophytic growth may result in dysphagia,obstructive jaundice,or constipation in larger tumors,contingent upon the mass's specific location[1].Very rarely do these tumors present as an acute,severe,life-threatening GI bleeding[7].Herein,we describe a case report of a rather unusual presentation of GIST,i.e.,symptomatic GI bleeding caused by an ulcerated jejunal GIST,which was found to be benign in nature.This case report emphasizes the importance of maintaining a high suspicion of this disease when all routine workups for GI bleeding show no obvious findings.展开更多
Flexoelectricity refers to the link between electrical polarization and strain gradient fields in piezoelectric materials,particularly at the nano-scale.The present investigation aims to comprehensively focus on the s...Flexoelectricity refers to the link between electrical polarization and strain gradient fields in piezoelectric materials,particularly at the nano-scale.The present investigation aims to comprehensively focus on the static bending analysis of a piezoelectric sandwich functionally graded porous(FGP)double-curved shallow nanoshell based on the flexoelectric effect and nonlocal strain gradient theory.Two coefficients that reduce or increase the stiffness of the nanoshell,including nonlocal and length-scale parameters,are considered to change along the nanoshell thickness direction,and three different porosity rules are novel points in this study.The nanoshell structure is placed on a Pasternak elastic foundation and is made up of three separate layers of material.The outermost layers consist of piezoelectric smart material with flexoelectric effects,while the core layer is composed of FGP material.Hamilton’s principle was used in conjunction with a unique refined higher-order shear deformation theory to derive general equilibrium equations that provide more precise outcomes.The Navier and Galerkin-Vlasov methodology is used to get the static bending characteristics of nanoshells that have various boundary conditions.The program’s correctness is assessed by comparison with published dependable findings in specific instances of the model described in the article.In addition,the influence of parameters such as flexoelectric effect,nonlocal and length scale parameters,elastic foundation stiffness coefficient,porosity coefficient,and boundary conditions on the static bending response of the nanoshell is detected and comprehensively studied.The findings of this study have practical implications for the efficient design and control of comparable systems,such as micro-electromechanical and nano-electromechanical devices.展开更多
Low-angle grain boundaries(LAGBs)are one of the solidification defects in single-crystal nickel-based superalloys and are detrimental to the mechanical properties.The formation of LAGBs is related to dendrite deformat...Low-angle grain boundaries(LAGBs)are one of the solidification defects in single-crystal nickel-based superalloys and are detrimental to the mechanical properties.The formation of LAGBs is related to dendrite deformation,while the mechanism has not been fully understood at the mesoscale.In this work,a model coupling dendrite growth,thermal-solutal-fluid flow,thermal stress and flow-induced dendrite deformation via cellular automaton-finite volume method and finite element method is developed to study the formation of LAGBs in single crystal superalloys.Results reveal that the bending of dendrites is primarily attributed to the thermal-solutal convection-induced dendrite deformation.The mechanical stress of dendrite deformation develops and stabilises as solidification proceeds.As the width of the mushy zone gets stable,stresses are built up and then dendritic elastoplastic bending occurs at some thin primary dendrites with the wider inter-dendritic space.There are three characteristic zones of stress distribution along the solidification direction:(i)no stress concentration in the fully solidified regions;(ii)stress developing in the primary dendrite bridging region,and(iii)stress decrease in the inter-dendritic uncontacted zone.The stresses reach maximum near the initial dendrite bridging position.The lower temperature gradients,the finer primary dendritic trunks and sudden reductions in local dendritic trunk radius jointly promote the elastoplastic deformation of the dendrites.Corresponding measures are suggested to reduce LAGBs.展开更多
The use of carbon from waste biomass has the potential to eliminate the drawbacks of Li-S batteries and improve their overall performance.Chrome-tanned-leather-shavings(CTLS)are a readily available waste product that ...The use of carbon from waste biomass has the potential to eliminate the drawbacks of Li-S batteries and improve their overall performance.Chrome-tanned-leather-shavings(CTLS)are a readily available waste product that can be transformed into porous carbon.We prepared an ac-tivated carbon by microwave pyrolysis combined with KOH activator using the CTLS as starting materials.The carbon had a specific surface area of 556 m^(2)g^(-1) and a honeycomb-like structure.Two kinds of N-doped activated carbons were then synthesized by thermal decomposition of the activated carbon,either combined with urea,or impregnated with eth-anolamine.Both N-doped activated carbons have an in-creased number of nitrogen and amine surface groups.However,only the urea treatment was effective in improv-ing the initial capacity of the cell(1363 mAh g^(-1)),which is probably linked to the sorption of long-chain polysulfides.This investigation confirms that it is possible to use the thermal de-composition of urea to obtain carbon materials from CTLS for use as the sulfur-host cathode in Li-S batteries and improve their performance.A radial basis function neural network was fitted to provide statistical support for the experimental results,which confirmed the importance of the nitrogen content of the carbons in determining the discharge capacity of the cells.展开更多
Device-based measurements are recommended to improve population-based physical activity(PA)surveillance.1,2However,implementation remains challenging due to lack of consensus on analytical methods,and the most widely ...Device-based measurements are recommended to improve population-based physical activity(PA)surveillance.1,2However,implementation remains challenging due to lack of consensus on analytical methods,and the most widely used“generic”(absolute intensity)cut-point approach has limited generalisability to population-level free-living data.Further,current methods generally fail to account for differences in people's physical capacity.展开更多
An analysis of the interaction mechanisms between a Shaped Charge Jet(SCJ) and a single Moving Plate(MP) is proposed in this article using both experimental and numerical approaches. First, an experimental set-up is p...An analysis of the interaction mechanisms between a Shaped Charge Jet(SCJ) and a single Moving Plate(MP) is proposed in this article using both experimental and numerical approaches. First, an experimental set-up is presented. Four collision tests have been performed: two tests in Backward Moving Plate(BMP) configuration, where the plate moves in opposition to jet, and two tests in Forward Moving Plate(FMP) configuration, where the plate moves alongside the jet. Based on the virtual origin approximation,a methodology(the Virtual Origin Method, VOM) is developed to extract quantities from the X-ray images, which serve as comparative data. γSPH simulations are carried out to complete the analysis, as they well capture the disturbance dynamics observed in the experiments. Based on these complementary experimental and numerical results, a new physical description is proposed through a detailed analysis of the interaction. It is shown that the SCJ/MP interaction is driven at first order by the contact geometry. Thus, BMP and FMP configurations do not generate the same disturbances because their local flow geometries are different. In the collision point frame of reference, the BMP flows in the same direction as the jet, causing its overall deflection. On the contrary, the FMP flow opposes that of the jet leading to an alternative creation of fragments and ligaments. An in-depth study, using the VOM shows that deflection angles, fragment-ligament creation frequencies, and deflection velocities evolve as the interaction progresses through slower jet elements.展开更多
We present the first high-precision model for the group-scale strong lensing system CASSOWARY 19(CSWA19),utilizing images from the Hubble Space Telescope.Sixteen member galaxies identified via the red-sequence method,...We present the first high-precision model for the group-scale strong lensing system CASSOWARY 19(CSWA19),utilizing images from the Hubble Space Telescope.Sixteen member galaxies identified via the red-sequence method,and the main halo,all modeled as the dual Pseudo Isothermal Elliptical profile,are incorporated into a parametric lens model alongside an external shear field.To model the system,we adopt the PYAUTOLENS software package,employing a progressive search chain strategy for realizing the transition of source model from multiple Sérsic profiles to a brightness-adaptive pixelization,which uses 1000 pixels in the source plane to reconstruct the background source corresponding to 177,144 image pixels in the image plane.Our results indicate that the total mass within the Einstein radius is MθE≈1.41×10^(13)M_(⊙) and the average slope of the total mass density ρ(r)∝r^(−γ) is γ=1.33 within the effective radius.This slope is shallower than those measured in galaxies and groups but is closer to those of galaxy clusters.In addition,our approach successfully resolves the two merging galaxies in the background source and yields a total magnification of μ=-103.18_(-0.19)^(+0.23),which is significantly higher than the outcomes from previous studies of CSWA19.In summary,our research demonstrates the effectiveness of the brightness-adaptive pixelization source reconstruction technique for modeling group-scale strong lensing systems.It can serve as a technical reference for future investigations into pixel-level modeling of the group-and clusterscale strong lensing systems.展开更多
文摘Brain metastasis and primary glioblastoma multiforme represent the most common and lethal malignant brain tumors.Its median survival time is typically less than a year after diagnosis.One of the major challenges in treating these cancers is the efficiency of the transport of drugs to the central nervous system.The blood-brain barrier is cooperating with advanced stages of malignancy.The blood-brain barrier poses a significant challenge to delivering systemic medications to brain tumors.Nanodrug delivery systems have emerged as promising tools for effectively crossing this barrier.Additionally,the development of smart nanoparticles brings new hope for cancer diagnosis and treatment.These nanoparticles improve drug delivery efficiency,allowing for the creation of targeted and stimuli-responsive delivery methods.This review highlights recent advancements in nanoparticle and smart nanoparticle technologies for brain cancer treatment,exploring the range of nanoparticles under development,their applications,targeting strategies,and the latest progress in enhancing transport across the blood-brain barrier.It also addresses the ongoing challenges and potential benefits of these innovative approaches.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52006029)the Promotion Foundation for Young Science and Technology Talents in Jilin Province(Grant No.QT202113)+2 种基金the Special Foundation of Industrial Innovation in Jilin Province(Grant No.2019C056-2)the Special Foundation for Outstanding Young Talents Training in Jilin(Grant No.20200104107)the UK EPSRC(EP/W03784X/1)。
文摘Production of green hydrogen through water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources has garnered increasing attention as an attractive strategy for the storage of clean and sustainable energy.Among various electrolysis technologies,the emerging anion exchange membrane water electrolyser(AEMWE)exhibits the most potential for green hydrogen production,offering a potentially costeffective and sustainable approach that combines the advantages of high current density and fast start from proton exchange membrane water electrolyser(PEMWE)and low-cost catalyst from traditional alkaline water electrolyser(AWE)systems.Due to its relatively recent emergence over the past decade,a series of efforts are dedicated to improving the electrochemical reaction performance to accelerate the development and commercialization of AEMWE technology.A catalytic electrode comprising a gas diffusion layer(GDL)and a catalyst layer(CL)is usually called a gas diffusion electrode(GDE)that serves as a fundamental component within AEMWE,and also plays a core role in enhancing mass transfer during the electrolysis process.Inside the GDEs,bubbles nucleate and grow within the CL and then are transported through the GDL before eventually detaching to enter the electrolyte in the flow field.The transfer processes of water,gas bubbles,charges,and ions are intricately influenced by bubbles.This phenomenon is referred to as bubble-associated mass transfer.Like water management in fuel cells,effective bubble management is crucial in electrolysers,as its failure can result in various overpotential losses,such as activation losses,ohmic losses,and mass transfer losses,ultimately degrading the AEMWE performance.Despite significant advancements in the development of new materials and techniques in AEMWE,there is an urgent need for a comprehensive discussion focused on GDEs,with a particular emphasis on bubbleassociated mass transfer phenomena.This review aims to highlight recent findings regarding mass transfer in GDEs,particularly the impacts of bubble accumulation;and presents the latest advancements in designing CLs and GDLs to mitigate bubble-related issues.It is worth noting that a series of innovative bubble-free-GDE designs for water electrolysis are also emphasized in this review.This review is expected to be a valuable reference for gaining a deeper understanding of bubble-related mass transfer,especially the complex bubble behavior associated with GDEs,and for developing innovative practical strategies to advance AEMWE for green hydrogen production.
基金supported by the General Administration of Sport of China(23QN009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12102235)。
文摘Background:The anterior talofibular ligament(ATFL)and the calcaneofibular ligament(CFL)are vulnerable to be torn or ruptured during lateral ankle sprain(LAS),especially in people with chronic ankle instability(CAI).This study aims to determine whether landing with a larger toe-out angle would influence ATFL and CFL strains in people with CAI,aiming to contribute to the development of effective landing strategies to reduce LAS risk.Methods:Thirty participants with CAI(22 males and 8 females,age:21.2±1.2 years,height:176.9±9.0 cm,body mass:70.6±12.1 kg,mean±SD)were recruited.Each participant landed on a specialized trap-door device with their unaffected limbs on a support platform and their affected limbs on a movable platform,which could be flipped 24°inward and 15°forward to mimic LAS conditions.Two landing conditions were tested—i.e.,natural landing(NL,with natural toe-out angle at landing)and toe-out landing(TL,with toe-out angle increased to over 150%of that under the NL conditions).Kinematic data were captured using a 12-camera motion analysis system,and ATFL and CFL strains were calculated using a 3D rigid-body foot model.Paired sample t tests and Pearson's correlations were used to analyze data.Results:Compared to NL conditions,ATFL strain decreased(p<0.001,d=2.42)while CFL strain remained unchanged(p=0.229,d=0.09)under TL conditions.The toe-out angle was negatively and strongly correlated with ATFL strain(r=-0.743,p<0.001)but not with CFL strain(r=0.153,p=0.251).Compared to NL conditions,participants exhibit a lower ankle inversion angle(p<0.001,d=0.494),a higher plantarflexion angle(p<0.001,d=1.101),and no significant difference in external rotation angle(p=0.571,d=0.133)under TL conditions.Conclusion:Toe-out landing may reduce ATFL strain while maintaining CFL strain in people with CAI,thereby reducing the risk of LAS.
文摘The article contains an error regarding the electron spectra displayed in Figs.4 and 5 and the data extracted from these spectra.The measurements were made with the SESAME magnetic spectrometer,the working principle of which is recalled in Fig.1.Specifically,a magnetic dipole is used to separate charged particles(electrons in the case of this experiment)depending on their energy,charge and mass.The deflected particles then hit an imaging plate(IP)and deposit energy in its sensitive layer.The kinetic energy of the particles can be evaluated from their impact position on the IP and their number can be inferred from the local energy deposition.
文摘The authors regret that an error occurred during the preparation of their article:One of the official databases,which was used for functional trait collections,contained an incorrect term–'chametophytes'–for the life form category'chamaephytes'.Unfortunately,this incorrect term was used throughout the article following the nomenclature of this official database:in one instance in the main text,in Fig.3 and its caption,in Fig.5,and in two instances in the supplementary material.
基金supported by the University Salah Boubnider-Constantine 3 (Algeria).
文摘This research aims to study the bio-adsorption process of two dyes,Cibacron Green H3G(CG-H3G)and Terasil Red(TR),in a single system and to bring them closer to the industrial textile discharge by a binary mixture of two dyes(TR+CG-H3G).The Cockle Shell(CS)was used as a natural bio-adsorbent.The characterizations of CS were investigated by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX)and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET).The adsorption potential of Cockle Shells was tested in two cases(single and binary system)and determined by:contact time(0–60 min),bio-adsorption dose(3–15 g/L),initial concentration(10–300 mg/L),temperature(22–61°C)and pH solution(2–12).The study of bio-adsorption(equilibrium and kinetics)was conducted at 22°C.The kinetic studies demon-strated that a pseudo-second-order adsorption mechanism had a good correlation coefficient(R2≥0.999).The Langmuir isotherm modeling provided a well-defined description of TR and CG-H3G bio-adsorption on cockle shells,exhibiting maximum capacities of 29.41 and 3.69 mg/g respectively at 22°C.The thermodynamic study shows that the reaction between the TR,CG-H3G dyes molecules and the bio-adsorbent is exothermic,spontaneous in the range of 22–31°C with the aleatory character decrease at the solid-liquid interface.The study of selectivity in single and binary systems has been performed under optimal operating conditions using the industrial textile rejection pH(pH=6.04).CG-H3G dye is found to have a higher selectivity than TR in single(0–60 min)and binary systems with a range of 6–45 min,as shown by the selectivity measurement.It was discovered that CS has the capability to remove both CG-H3G and TR dyes in both simple and binary systems,making it a superior bio-adsorbent.
文摘This research aims to explore the decoration of TiO_(2)substrates with silver nanoparticles as a means of enhancing the photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds.The results show that decorated TiO_(2)substrates exhibit significantly higher photocatalytic activity in sunlight than undecorated substrates.Morphological analysis is performed,followed by optical and structural characterizations.Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the TiO_(2)reveals many nanotubular structures with particle sizes of∼134.4,148.8,and 132.7 nm at random locations.TiO_(2)is also found to have an absorbance range of 397.6 nm,from which it is known that the photocatalyst reacts in the presence of an ultraviolet source.From the Miller indices of the x-ray diffraction peaks,the preferred crystal orientation is found to be associated with a face-centered cubic structure with a crystallite size of 3.76 nm.Using these promising results,photocatalytic analysis is performed,revealing good degradation characteristics.This investigation reveals that TiO_(2)substrates coated with Ag nanoparticles possess significant potential for application in the photocatalytic oxidation of methylene blue dye,which is a crucial step toward establishing a cleaner environment.
文摘The main goal of this paper is to present the free vibration and buckling of viscoelastic functionally graded porous(FGP)nanosheet based on nonlocal strain gradient(NSGT)and surface elasticity theories.The nanosheets are placed on a visco-Pasternak medium in a hygro-temperature environment with nonlinear rules.The viscoelastic material characteristics of nanosheets are based on Kelvin’s model.The unique point of this study is to consider the change of nonlocal and length-scale coefficients according to thickness,similar to the laws of the material properties.The Galerkin approach based on the Kirchhoff-love plate theory is applied to determine the natural frequency and critical buckling load of the viscoelastic FGP nanosheet with various boundary conditions.The accuracy of the proposed method is verified through reliable publications.The outcome of this study highlights the significant effects of the nonlocal and length-scale parameters on the vibration and buckling behaviors of viscoelastic FGP nanosheets.
基金support from the National Institutes of Health grants R21 ES033806(RPS)is greatly acknowledged.
文摘The lipid mediator platelet-activating factor(PAF)and its receptor(PAFR)signaling play critical roles in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological conditions,including cancer growth and metastasis.The ability of PAFR to interact with other oncogenic signaling cascades makes it a promising target for cancer treatment.Moreover,numerous natural and synthetic compounds,characterized by diverse pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects,have been explored for their potential as PAF and PAFR antagonists.In this review,we provide comprehensive evidence regarding the PAF/PAFR signaling pathway,highlighting the effectiveness of various classes of PAF and PAFR inhibitors and antagonists across multiple cancer models.Notably,the synergistic effects of PAF and PAFR antagonists in enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in several experimental cancer models are also discussed.Overall,the synthesis of literature review indicates that targeting the PAF/PAFR axis represents a promising approach for cancer treatment and also exerts synergy with chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
文摘Recent advancements in additive manufacturing(AM)have revolutionized the design and production of complex engineering microstructures.Despite these advancements,their mathematical modeling and computational analysis remain significant challenges.This research aims to develop an effective computational method for analyzing the free vibration of functionally graded(FG)microplates under high temperatures while resting on a Pasternak foundation(PF).This formulation leverages a new thirdorder shear deformation theory(new TSDT)for improved accuracy without requiring shear correction factors.Additionally,the modified couple stress theory(MCST)is incorporated to account for sizedependent effects in microplates.The PF is characterized by two parameters including spring stiffness(k_(w))and shear layer stiffness(k_(s)).To validate the proposed method,the results obtained are compared with those of the existing literature.Furthermore,numerical examples explore the influence of various factors on the high-temperature free vibration of FG microplates.These factors include the length scale parameter(l),geometric dimensions,material properties,and the presence of the elastic foundation.The findings significantly enhance our comprehension of the free vibration of FG microplates in high thermal environments.In addition,the findings significantly enhance our comprehension of the free vibration of FG microplates in high thermal environments.In addition,the results of this research will have great potential in military and defense applications such as components of submarines,fighter aircraft,and missiles.
基金sponsored by a PhD Scholarship from the School of Chemical Engineering at the University of Birminghamsupported by EU H2020-MSCAIF-2019 project EconCell 898486
文摘Direct formic acid fuel cells are promising energy devices with advantages of low working temperature and high safety in fuel storage and transport.They have been expected to be a future power source for portable electronic devices.The technology has been developed rapidly to overcome the high cost and low power performance that hinder its practical application,which mainly originated from the slow reaction kinetics of the formic acid oxidation and complex mass transfer within the fuel cell electrodes.Here,we provide a comprehensive review of the progress around this technology,in particular for addressing multiscale challenges from catalytic mechanism understanding at the atomic scale,to catalyst design at the nanoscale,electrode structure at the micro scale and design at the millimeter scale,and finally to device fabrication at the meter scale.The gap between the highly active electrocatalysts and the poor electrode performance in practical devices is highlighted.Finally,perspectives and opportunities are proposed to potentially bridge this gap for further development of this technology.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52472248 and 22075221)the Key Research and Development Project of Shanxi Province(202202060301003 and 202202060301015)the Innovation Program of Wuhan-Shuguang Project(2023010201020367)。
文摘Poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)is one of the most promising hole-transporting materials in the pursuit of efficient and stable perovskite solar cells due to its outstanding stability and low cost.However,the intrinsic low carrier density of P3 HT and poor contact between the P3HT/perovskite interface always lead to a low performance of the solar cell,while conventional chemical doping always makes the films unstable and limits the scalability.In this work,for the first time,we simultaneously enhanced the hole transporting properties of P3HT film and the interface of perovskite by doping it with a judiciously designed oxidized small molecule organic semiconductor.The organic salt not only can promote the lamellar crystallinity of P3HT to obtain better charge transport properties,but also reduce the defects of perovskite.As a result,we achieved champion efficiencies of 23.0%for small-area solar cells and 18.8%for larger-area modules(48.0 cm^(2)).This efficiency is the highest value for P3HT-based perovskite modules.Moreover,the solar cells show excellent operational stability,retaining over 95%of their initial efficiencies after1200 h of continuous operation.
文摘In Burkina Faso, as in other African countries, infertility has become a social burden for the population and a public health problem. Male infertility accounts for 30% to 40% of all infertility cases. The diagnosis of male infertility or hypofertility is often made by a simple laboratory analysis of sperm to explore sperm parameters. In most African countries, such as Burkina Faso, microbiological analysis in the context of sperm analysis is still not developed, and is carried out solely based on microscopy and traditional culture, which does not allow the growth of fragile and demanding bacteria. Our study investigated the microorganisms of sperm that may be involved in male infertility, using conventional bacteriology techniques and real-time PCR. However, it did not intend to perform a multivariate statistical association analysis to estimate the association of microorganisms with abnormal semen parameters. This prospective cross-sectional pilot study was carried out on patients who visited the bacteriology laboratory of Centre MURAZ, a research Institute in Burkina Faso, for male infertility diagnosis between 2 August and 31 August 2021. Bacteria were isolated and identified using standard bacteriology techniques. In parallel, common pathogenic microorganisms known to be associated with male infertility were targeted and detected in the sperm using a multiplex real-time PCR assay. A total of 38 sperm samples were analyzed by bacteriological culture and bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) 5.55%, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) and Staphylococcus hoemalyticus (S. hoemalyticus) respectively 2.70%. Real-time PCR targeted and detected Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) at 7.89%, Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) at 21.05%, Ureaplasma parvum (U. parvum) at 18.42%, Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) at 15.79%, Mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium) at 10.53% and Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) at 2.63%. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) was targeted by the real-time PCR assay and was not detected (0%) in the tested semen samples. Our study highlights critical limitations of culture performance (low sensitivity), particularly in Burkina Faso, which has a total inability to detect microorganisms (fragile and demanding microorganisms) detected by PCR-based assays. There is therefore an urgent need to at least optimize culture, procedures and algorithms for detection of microorganisms associated with male infertility in clinical laboratories of Burkina Faso. The most effective solution is the routine implementation of molecular diagnostic methods.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are rare mesenchymal tumors that rarely present with gastrointestinal(GI)bleeding due to tumor erosion.GISTs com-Core Tip:Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are rare mesenchymal tumors that rarely cause gastrointestinal(GI)bleeding.Mucosal ulceration and unfavorable tumor locations are risk factors for tumor progression and malignancy.We present a case of GI bleeding in a 42-year-old man complaining of melena over five days,which was diagnosed as a benign,ulcerated,jejunal GIST on histopathology and immunohistochemistry.Prompt evaluation using specialized diagnostic tools to locate obscure bleeding sources and complete surgical resection are key to favorable outcomes.GI bleeding in GIST is associated with a poor prognosis.Hence,detailed follow-ups are essential to detect and prevent tumor recurrence.INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are generally recognized as spindle cell,epithelioid,or occasionally pleomorphic tumors that usually develop in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract.Originating from mesenchymal cells of the GI tract,GISTs make up 1%-3%of all GI malignancies and progress to malignancy in approximately 10%to 30%of cases[1,2].A greater risk of tumor progression is linked to GISTs associated with mucosal ulceration and those that develop outside of the stomach[1,3].Many GISTs carry mutations in the genes encoding type III receptor tyrosine kinases,particularly KIT or PDGFRA,which is the case in up to 85%of instances.A significant majority,about 95%,of these tumors are positive for the KIT protein when tested with immunohistochemistry[4].The most common places where GIST arises are the stomach,followed by the small bowel[2].In 19%of cases,GISTs manifest asymptomatically,particularly in cases of smaller tumors of the intestinal tract.Studies show that around 10%of these cases were caught at autopsy and 20%during abdominal surgery for other conditions,making them a common incidental finding rather than a clinical suspicion[5,6].Patients who are symptomatic may exhibit non-specific symptoms such as nausea,vomiting,abdominal distension,early satiety,abdominal pain,and,in rare cases,a palpable abdominal mass.Obstruction of the GI lumen by endophytic growth or compression of the GI tract by exophytic growth may result in dysphagia,obstructive jaundice,or constipation in larger tumors,contingent upon the mass's specific location[1].Very rarely do these tumors present as an acute,severe,life-threatening GI bleeding[7].Herein,we describe a case report of a rather unusual presentation of GIST,i.e.,symptomatic GI bleeding caused by an ulcerated jejunal GIST,which was found to be benign in nature.This case report emphasizes the importance of maintaining a high suspicion of this disease when all routine workups for GI bleeding show no obvious findings.
基金This work was supported by the Le Quy Don Technical University Research Fund(Grant No.23.1.11).
文摘Flexoelectricity refers to the link between electrical polarization and strain gradient fields in piezoelectric materials,particularly at the nano-scale.The present investigation aims to comprehensively focus on the static bending analysis of a piezoelectric sandwich functionally graded porous(FGP)double-curved shallow nanoshell based on the flexoelectric effect and nonlocal strain gradient theory.Two coefficients that reduce or increase the stiffness of the nanoshell,including nonlocal and length-scale parameters,are considered to change along the nanoshell thickness direction,and three different porosity rules are novel points in this study.The nanoshell structure is placed on a Pasternak elastic foundation and is made up of three separate layers of material.The outermost layers consist of piezoelectric smart material with flexoelectric effects,while the core layer is composed of FGP material.Hamilton’s principle was used in conjunction with a unique refined higher-order shear deformation theory to derive general equilibrium equations that provide more precise outcomes.The Navier and Galerkin-Vlasov methodology is used to get the static bending characteristics of nanoshells that have various boundary conditions.The program’s correctness is assessed by comparison with published dependable findings in specific instances of the model described in the article.In addition,the influence of parameters such as flexoelectric effect,nonlocal and length scale parameters,elastic foundation stiffness coefficient,porosity coefficient,and boundary conditions on the static bending response of the nanoshell is detected and comprehensively studied.The findings of this study have practical implications for the efficient design and control of comparable systems,such as micro-electromechanical and nano-electromechanical devices.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52074182,52304406 and U23A20612)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant Nos.22ZR1430700 and 23TS1401900)+1 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017-VII-0008-0102)Neng Ren acknowledges the Startup Fund for Young Faculty at SJTU.
文摘Low-angle grain boundaries(LAGBs)are one of the solidification defects in single-crystal nickel-based superalloys and are detrimental to the mechanical properties.The formation of LAGBs is related to dendrite deformation,while the mechanism has not been fully understood at the mesoscale.In this work,a model coupling dendrite growth,thermal-solutal-fluid flow,thermal stress and flow-induced dendrite deformation via cellular automaton-finite volume method and finite element method is developed to study the formation of LAGBs in single crystal superalloys.Results reveal that the bending of dendrites is primarily attributed to the thermal-solutal convection-induced dendrite deformation.The mechanical stress of dendrite deformation develops and stabilises as solidification proceeds.As the width of the mushy zone gets stable,stresses are built up and then dendritic elastoplastic bending occurs at some thin primary dendrites with the wider inter-dendritic space.There are three characteristic zones of stress distribution along the solidification direction:(i)no stress concentration in the fully solidified regions;(ii)stress developing in the primary dendrite bridging region,and(iii)stress decrease in the inter-dendritic uncontacted zone.The stresses reach maximum near the initial dendrite bridging position.The lower temperature gradients,the finer primary dendritic trunks and sudden reductions in local dendritic trunk radius jointly promote the elastoplastic deformation of the dendrites.Corresponding measures are suggested to reduce LAGBs.
文摘The use of carbon from waste biomass has the potential to eliminate the drawbacks of Li-S batteries and improve their overall performance.Chrome-tanned-leather-shavings(CTLS)are a readily available waste product that can be transformed into porous carbon.We prepared an ac-tivated carbon by microwave pyrolysis combined with KOH activator using the CTLS as starting materials.The carbon had a specific surface area of 556 m^(2)g^(-1) and a honeycomb-like structure.Two kinds of N-doped activated carbons were then synthesized by thermal decomposition of the activated carbon,either combined with urea,or impregnated with eth-anolamine.Both N-doped activated carbons have an in-creased number of nitrogen and amine surface groups.However,only the urea treatment was effective in improv-ing the initial capacity of the cell(1363 mAh g^(-1)),which is probably linked to the sorption of long-chain polysulfides.This investigation confirms that it is possible to use the thermal de-composition of urea to obtain carbon materials from CTLS for use as the sulfur-host cathode in Li-S batteries and improve their performance.A radial basis function neural network was fitted to provide statistical support for the experimental results,which confirmed the importance of the nitrogen content of the carbons in determining the discharge capacity of the cells.
文摘Device-based measurements are recommended to improve population-based physical activity(PA)surveillance.1,2However,implementation remains challenging due to lack of consensus on analytical methods,and the most widely used“generic”(absolute intensity)cut-point approach has limited generalisability to population-level free-living data.Further,current methods generally fail to account for differences in people's physical capacity.
基金supported by the Ministère des Armées,and the Agence de l'Innovation de Défense(AID).
文摘An analysis of the interaction mechanisms between a Shaped Charge Jet(SCJ) and a single Moving Plate(MP) is proposed in this article using both experimental and numerical approaches. First, an experimental set-up is presented. Four collision tests have been performed: two tests in Backward Moving Plate(BMP) configuration, where the plate moves in opposition to jet, and two tests in Forward Moving Plate(FMP) configuration, where the plate moves alongside the jet. Based on the virtual origin approximation,a methodology(the Virtual Origin Method, VOM) is developed to extract quantities from the X-ray images, which serve as comparative data. γSPH simulations are carried out to complete the analysis, as they well capture the disturbance dynamics observed in the experiments. Based on these complementary experimental and numerical results, a new physical description is proposed through a detailed analysis of the interaction. It is shown that the SCJ/MP interaction is driven at first order by the contact geometry. Thus, BMP and FMP configurations do not generate the same disturbances because their local flow geometries are different. In the collision point frame of reference, the BMP flows in the same direction as the jet, causing its overall deflection. On the contrary, the FMP flow opposes that of the jet leading to an alternative creation of fragments and ligaments. An in-depth study, using the VOM shows that deflection angles, fragment-ligament creation frequencies, and deflection velocities evolve as the interaction progresses through slower jet elements.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFB3002501 and 2022YFA1602903)the China Manned Space Project(No.CMS-CSST-2021-A01)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12473002 and 11988101)L.W.acknowledges the support from the GHfund A(Nos.202302017475 and 202407017555).
文摘We present the first high-precision model for the group-scale strong lensing system CASSOWARY 19(CSWA19),utilizing images from the Hubble Space Telescope.Sixteen member galaxies identified via the red-sequence method,and the main halo,all modeled as the dual Pseudo Isothermal Elliptical profile,are incorporated into a parametric lens model alongside an external shear field.To model the system,we adopt the PYAUTOLENS software package,employing a progressive search chain strategy for realizing the transition of source model from multiple Sérsic profiles to a brightness-adaptive pixelization,which uses 1000 pixels in the source plane to reconstruct the background source corresponding to 177,144 image pixels in the image plane.Our results indicate that the total mass within the Einstein radius is MθE≈1.41×10^(13)M_(⊙) and the average slope of the total mass density ρ(r)∝r^(−γ) is γ=1.33 within the effective radius.This slope is shallower than those measured in galaxies and groups but is closer to those of galaxy clusters.In addition,our approach successfully resolves the two merging galaxies in the background source and yields a total magnification of μ=-103.18_(-0.19)^(+0.23),which is significantly higher than the outcomes from previous studies of CSWA19.In summary,our research demonstrates the effectiveness of the brightness-adaptive pixelization source reconstruction technique for modeling group-scale strong lensing systems.It can serve as a technical reference for future investigations into pixel-level modeling of the group-and clusterscale strong lensing systems.
