The formation of stable neutral helium-and neon-containing compounds under ambient conditions remains a signifi-cant challenge in chemistry.Here we de-velop a novel strategy for the synthesis of helium-and neon-contai...The formation of stable neutral helium-and neon-containing compounds under ambient conditions remains a signifi-cant challenge in chemistry.Here we de-velop a novel strategy for the synthesis of helium-and neon-containing complex-es with a helium or neon atom encapsu-lated by two molecules with large elec-tric dipole moments.Using high-level ab initio calculations,we find that linear compounds,such as LiF-He-CuF,HCN-He-CuF,NaF-Ne-CuF,LiF-Ne-AuF and NaF-Ne-AuF,are stable,and the strong interac-tions resulting from the head-to-tail alignment of large electric dipoles have significantly en-hanced the He/Ne-metal binding when compared with those predicted for the He-CuF and Ne-AuF complexes.A viable experimental approach to synthesize these compounds is also out-lined,offering a potential route to stable neutral compounds containing both helium and neon under ambient conditions.展开更多
The remarkable mechanical and physical characteristics of functionally graded(FG)graphene origami(GOri)-enabled auxetic metamaterial(GOEAM)structures,including their high strength-to-weight ratio,tunable stiffness and...The remarkable mechanical and physical characteristics of functionally graded(FG)graphene origami(GOri)-enabled auxetic metamaterial(GOEAM)structures,including their high strength-to-weight ratio,tunable stiffness and strength,and negative Poisson's ratio(NPR),have demonstrated significant promise for a range of engineering applications.This paper aims to investigate the nonlinear free vibrations behaviors of FG-GOEAM non-uniform thickness skew-microplate with rectangular and elliptical planform and resting on Kerr-elastic foundation in thermal environment.Within the framework of the higher-order shear deformation theory(HSDT),von Kármán assumption,modified couple stress theory(MCST)and by employing Hamilton's principle the nonlinear governing equations of motion are established.By combining an iterative technique with a displacement control strategy,an isogeometric analysis(IGA)approach used to determine the nonlinearity in free vibration,as measured by the nonlinear frequency ratio associated with the center deflection amplitude.The effects of GOri distribution patterns,weight fraction,length-scale parameter,temperature difference,skew-angle,and micro-plate dimensions on the nonlinear free vibrations behaviors of the FG-GOEAM non-uniform thickness skew-microplate are revealed through a thorough parametric study.This result can be applied in studies on the design of micro-electro-mechanical devices operating in various complex environments and conditions.展开更多
Dear Editor,Systemic sclerosis(SSc)is an autoimmune connective tissue disease in which there are vascular abnormalities,inflammation,and fibrosis[1].These three characteristics primarily affect the skin and lungs.Of a...Dear Editor,Systemic sclerosis(SSc)is an autoimmune connective tissue disease in which there are vascular abnormalities,inflammation,and fibrosis[1].These three characteristics primarily affect the skin and lungs.Of all the autoimmune rheumatic diseases,SSc has the highest all-cause mortality rate,and the underlying pathogenic processes that mediate disease are still obscure,with wide diff erences in presentation and progression[2,3].展开更多
Production of green hydrogen through water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources has garnered increasing attention as an attractive strategy for the storage of clean and sustainable energy.Among various ele...Production of green hydrogen through water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources has garnered increasing attention as an attractive strategy for the storage of clean and sustainable energy.Among various electrolysis technologies,the emerging anion exchange membrane water electrolyser(AEMWE)exhibits the most potential for green hydrogen production,offering a potentially costeffective and sustainable approach that combines the advantages of high current density and fast start from proton exchange membrane water electrolyser(PEMWE)and low-cost catalyst from traditional alkaline water electrolyser(AWE)systems.Due to its relatively recent emergence over the past decade,a series of efforts are dedicated to improving the electrochemical reaction performance to accelerate the development and commercialization of AEMWE technology.A catalytic electrode comprising a gas diffusion layer(GDL)and a catalyst layer(CL)is usually called a gas diffusion electrode(GDE)that serves as a fundamental component within AEMWE,and also plays a core role in enhancing mass transfer during the electrolysis process.Inside the GDEs,bubbles nucleate and grow within the CL and then are transported through the GDL before eventually detaching to enter the electrolyte in the flow field.The transfer processes of water,gas bubbles,charges,and ions are intricately influenced by bubbles.This phenomenon is referred to as bubble-associated mass transfer.Like water management in fuel cells,effective bubble management is crucial in electrolysers,as its failure can result in various overpotential losses,such as activation losses,ohmic losses,and mass transfer losses,ultimately degrading the AEMWE performance.Despite significant advancements in the development of new materials and techniques in AEMWE,there is an urgent need for a comprehensive discussion focused on GDEs,with a particular emphasis on bubbleassociated mass transfer phenomena.This review aims to highlight recent findings regarding mass transfer in GDEs,particularly the impacts of bubble accumulation;and presents the latest advancements in designing CLs and GDLs to mitigate bubble-related issues.It is worth noting that a series of innovative bubble-free-GDE designs for water electrolysis are also emphasized in this review.This review is expected to be a valuable reference for gaining a deeper understanding of bubble-related mass transfer,especially the complex bubble behavior associated with GDEs,and for developing innovative practical strategies to advance AEMWE for green hydrogen production.展开更多
Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)play a crucial role in numerous Internet of Things(IoT)applications and next-generation communication systems,yet they continue to face challenges in balancing energy efficiency and relia...Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)play a crucial role in numerous Internet of Things(IoT)applications and next-generation communication systems,yet they continue to face challenges in balancing energy efficiency and reliable connectivity.This study proposes SAC-HTC(Soft Actor-Critic-based High-performance Topology Control),a deep reinforcement learning(DRL)method based on the Actor-Critic framework,implemented within a Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network(SDWSN)architecture.In this approach,sensor nodes periodically transmit state information,including coordinates,node degree,transmission power,and neighbor lists,to a centralized controller.The controller acts as the reinforcement learning(RL)agent,with the Actor generating decisions to adjust transmission ranges,while the Critic evaluates action values to reflect the overall network performance.The bidirectional Node-Controller feedback mechanism enables the controller to issue appropriate control commands to each node,ensuring the maintenance of the desired node degree,reducing energy consumption,and preserving network connectivity.The algorithmfurther incorporates soft entropy adjustment to balance exploration and exploitation,alongwith an off-policy mechanism for efficient data reuse,making it well-suited to the resource-constrained conditions ofWSNs.Simulation results demonstrate that SAC-HTC not only outperforms traditional methods and several existing RL algorithms but also achieves faster convergence,optimized communication range control,global connectivity maintenance,and extended network lifetime.The key novelty of this research lies in the integration of the SAC method with the SDWSN architecture forWSNs topology control,providing an adaptive,efficient,and highly promisingmechanism for large-scale,dynamic,and high-performance sensor networks.展开更多
Brain metastasis and primary glioblastoma multiforme represent the most common and lethal malignant brain tumors.Its median survival time is typically less than a year after diagnosis.One of the major challenges in tr...Brain metastasis and primary glioblastoma multiforme represent the most common and lethal malignant brain tumors.Its median survival time is typically less than a year after diagnosis.One of the major challenges in treating these cancers is the efficiency of the transport of drugs to the central nervous system.The blood-brain barrier is cooperating with advanced stages of malignancy.The blood-brain barrier poses a significant challenge to delivering systemic medications to brain tumors.Nanodrug delivery systems have emerged as promising tools for effectively crossing this barrier.Additionally,the development of smart nanoparticles brings new hope for cancer diagnosis and treatment.These nanoparticles improve drug delivery efficiency,allowing for the creation of targeted and stimuli-responsive delivery methods.This review highlights recent advancements in nanoparticle and smart nanoparticle technologies for brain cancer treatment,exploring the range of nanoparticles under development,their applications,targeting strategies,and the latest progress in enhancing transport across the blood-brain barrier.It also addresses the ongoing challenges and potential benefits of these innovative approaches.展开更多
Background Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction(EIB)is a prevalent respiratory condition among summer sport elite athletes,yet epidemiological data from Asian populations remain scarce.The objective of this study was ...Background Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction(EIB)is a prevalent respiratory condition among summer sport elite athletes,yet epidemiological data from Asian populations remain scarce.The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence,sport-specific patterns,and physiological characteristics of EIB in Chinese summer sport elite athletes.Methods A cross-sectional study of 500 summer sport elite athletes across 17 sports was conducted.Participants underwent standardized exercise challenge testing,spirometry,and serum biomarker assessments(eosinophils,interleukin-5(IL-5),interleukin-8(IL-8),Clara Cell protein 16(CC16),immunoglobulin E(IgE),and uric acid(UA)).Results EIB prevalence was 27.6%(138/500),with significant variation across sports:highest in swimming(51.52%)and lowest in wrestling(6.45%).Female athletes were more prevalent than males(31.1%vs.23.7%,p=0.030).Outdoor sports demonstrated higher rates than indoor disciplines(37.4%vs.19.4%,p=0.002).EIB-positive athletes showed pronounced post-exercise declines in forced expiratory volume in 1 s(FEV_(1))at 5 min(p<0.001)and elevated inflammatory biomarkers:eosinophils(p<0.001),neutrophils(p=0.019),IL-5(p<0.001),IL-8(p<0.001),CC16(p<0.001),IgE(p<0.001),and UA(p<0.001)vs.EIB-negative counterparts.Conclusion This is the first large-scale study of Chinese athletes to reveal EIB prevalence exceeding global averages.Distinct risk profiles emerge,associated with gender,athletic level,sport type,and environmental factors.The findings outline the need for targeted screening programs and biomarker-guided management to mitigate respiratory health risks in athletic populations.展开更多
Although progress has been made nationally in terms of drinking water coverage,access remains a significant challenge in Togo’s secondary cities,particularly in Noèpéand Kovié.These areas are experienc...Although progress has been made nationally in terms of drinking water coverage,access remains a significant challenge in Togo’s secondary cities,particularly in Noèpéand Kovié.These areas are experiencing rapid urbanization and sustained population growth,which is putting increasing pressure on often dilapidated infrastructure.This study aims to examine the institutional,regulatory and organizational mechanisms that shape water governance in Noèpéand Kovié,to identify the main obstacles and potential pathways towards equitable and sustainable access to drinking water.The research combined a literature review with qualitative fieldwork,including 67 semi-structured interviews and focus groups with institutional actors,municipal authorities and community association.Thematic analysis was used to triangulate institutional discourse,policy documents and community perspectives.The findings reveal that governance is hindered by institutional fragmentation,weak inter-institutional coordination,compounded by centralized governance.Community-based models,although widespread,suffer from lack of professionalization,financial fragility,weak community participation and conflicts interest.Infrastructure deficits,dependence on ad hoc external funding,and limited regulation exacerbate service inequalities.To address these challenges,this study concludes that water governance in secondary cities must be adapted to institutional and regulatory frameworks while taking local specifics into account.Strengthening institutional and community capacities,updating stakeholder mapping,developing participatory governance mechanisms and establishing shared governance mechanisms are essential.Local master plan aligned with urban planning strategies are recommended to anticipate demographic pressures and climate variability.Such reforms would help to ensure sustainable access to drinking water.展开更多
Large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis faces a freshwater shortage.Direct seawater electrolysis offers a solution but encounters new challenges.Herein,we report a feasible strategy to both prevent meta...Large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis faces a freshwater shortage.Direct seawater electrolysis offers a solution but encounters new challenges.Herein,we report a feasible strategy to both prevent metal hydroxides deposition and boost the hydrogen evolution reaction by adding a chelating agent,EDTA-Na_(4),that chelates with Mg^(2+)/Ca^(2+),thus inhibiting their deposition and gathering them near the cathode surface,resulting in breaking the ordered hydrogen bond networks of interfacial water and reducing the activation energy of water dissociation.Furthermore,hydrolysis of–COO^(-) also promoted water dissociation to produce more active*H and*OH near the electrode surface that in turn serves as a diffusion medium for*OH,accelerating mass transfer and enabling seawater electrolysis to exhibit a stable performance,which operates continuously at 100 mA cm^(-2)@2.20 V and 200 mA cm^(-2)@2.58 V for 400 h in the symmetric electrolyzer and 500 mA cm^(-2)@2.29 V for over 500 h in the asymmetric electrolyzer.This study provides a new perspective to address the issues of stable and scalable direct seawater electrolysis for practical green hydrogen production.展开更多
Background Evidence on pre-operative physical activity before hip and knee arthroplasty is limited and heterogeneous.Intervention components and behavior change techniques remain underexplored.This review examined the...Background Evidence on pre-operative physical activity before hip and knee arthroplasty is limited and heterogeneous.Intervention components and behavior change techniques remain underexplored.This review examined the effectiveness of pre-operative physical activity interventions on patient and surgical outcomes in elective hip and knee arthroplasty up to 12 weeks post-surgery.Methods A systematic search of 8 databases up to August 8,2024 identified randomized controlled trials of physical activity interventions before total hip and knee arthroplasty.Quality of evidence was evaluated with Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation framework.Random-effects models were used for meta-analyses.The Template for Intervention Description and Replication(TIDieR)was used for detailing the included interventions.Results Forty trials were included.Significant mean differences in favor of the intervention groups were found at pre-and post-surgery in 4 outcomes:health-related quality of life(Knee pre-surgery standardized mean difference(SMD)=−0.5,95%confidence interval(95%CI):−1.0 to−0.1 and Hip and Knee post-surgery SMD=−0.4,95%CI:−0.6 to−0.1),pain(Hip and Knee pre-surgery SMD=−0.4,95%CI:−0.6 to−0.1 and Knee post-surgery SMD=−0.3,95%CI:−0.6 to−0.1),function(Hip and Knee pre-surgery SMD=−0.5,95%CI:−0.8 to−0.2 and Knee post-surgery SMD=−0.6,95%CI:−1.0 to−0.2),and timed-up-and-go(Hip and Knee MD=−1.2 s,95%CI:−2.0 to−0.3 and Hip and Knee MD=−1.3 s,95%CI:−1.7 to−0.8).Half of the interventions reported over 75%of the TIDieR items,while behavior change techniques reporting was limited.Conclusion Pre-operative exercise improves health-related quality of life,pain,and function pre-and post-surgery in elective hip and knee arthroplasty.Standardized reporting is needed for establishing effective intervention components.展开更多
Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)have emerged as key mediators of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),linking innate immune activation to vascular injury,thrombosis,and maladaptive remodeling.This review synthesizes rece...Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)have emerged as key mediators of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),linking innate immune activation to vascular injury,thrombosis,and maladaptive remodeling.This review synthesizes recent insights into the molecular and cellular pathways driving NET formation,including post-translational modifications,metabolic reprogramming,inflammasome signaling,and autophagy.It highlights the role of NETs in atherosclerosis,thrombosis,myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,and hypertension,emphasizing common control points such as peptidylarginine deiminase 4(PAD4)-dependent histone citrullination and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases 2(NOX2)-mediated oxidative stress.Mechanistic interpretation of circulating biomarkers,includingmyeloperoxidase(MPO)-DNA complexes,citrullinated histoneH3,and cell-free DNA,provides a translational bridge between NET biology and patient stratification.Therapeutic strategies targeting NETs are examined through three main approaches:inhibition of NET initiation,enhancement of chromatin clearance,and neutralization of toxic extracellular components,with attention to both established and emerging interventions.In contrast to previous reviews,this study highlights the novelty of a mechano-therapeutic framework by providing a mechanistic roadmap linking NET formation pathways to therapeutic targeting in cardiovascular disease.Moving forward,integrating mechanistic information with biomarker discovery,precision profiling,and targeted therapies offers innovative strategies to reduce vascular inflammation and improve outcomes in cardiovascular disease.展开更多
Background:The anterior talofibular ligament(ATFL)and the calcaneofibular ligament(CFL)are vulnerable to be torn or ruptured during lateral ankle sprain(LAS),especially in people with chronic ankle instability(CAI).Th...Background:The anterior talofibular ligament(ATFL)and the calcaneofibular ligament(CFL)are vulnerable to be torn or ruptured during lateral ankle sprain(LAS),especially in people with chronic ankle instability(CAI).This study aims to determine whether landing with a larger toe-out angle would influence ATFL and CFL strains in people with CAI,aiming to contribute to the development of effective landing strategies to reduce LAS risk.Methods:Thirty participants with CAI(22 males and 8 females,age:21.2±1.2 years,height:176.9±9.0 cm,body mass:70.6±12.1 kg,mean±SD)were recruited.Each participant landed on a specialized trap-door device with their unaffected limbs on a support platform and their affected limbs on a movable platform,which could be flipped 24°inward and 15°forward to mimic LAS conditions.Two landing conditions were tested—i.e.,natural landing(NL,with natural toe-out angle at landing)and toe-out landing(TL,with toe-out angle increased to over 150%of that under the NL conditions).Kinematic data were captured using a 12-camera motion analysis system,and ATFL and CFL strains were calculated using a 3D rigid-body foot model.Paired sample t tests and Pearson's correlations were used to analyze data.Results:Compared to NL conditions,ATFL strain decreased(p<0.001,d=2.42)while CFL strain remained unchanged(p=0.229,d=0.09)under TL conditions.The toe-out angle was negatively and strongly correlated with ATFL strain(r=-0.743,p<0.001)but not with CFL strain(r=0.153,p=0.251).Compared to NL conditions,participants exhibit a lower ankle inversion angle(p<0.001,d=0.494),a higher plantarflexion angle(p<0.001,d=1.101),and no significant difference in external rotation angle(p=0.571,d=0.133)under TL conditions.Conclusion:Toe-out landing may reduce ATFL strain while maintaining CFL strain in people with CAI,thereby reducing the risk of LAS.展开更多
The Rukwa Rift section of the East Africa Rift System presents a type setting for radiogenic helium accumulation in a petroleum free basin.As a prerequisite for accumulation,a considerable high heat flow anomaly is re...The Rukwa Rift section of the East Africa Rift System presents a type setting for radiogenic helium accumulation in a petroleum free basin.As a prerequisite for accumulation,a considerable high heat flow anomaly is required from tectonothermal events to drive the release and circulation of radiogenic helium in the continental crust.Here we apply statistical analysis on geochemical data observed in thermal springs and recorded heat flow to account for crustal helium mass balance for each tectonothermal event in the region.Our results demonstrate anomalously high heat flow~64-99 mW/m^(2) with a consistent trend of helium isotopic ratio and fluid chemistry in the Rukwa Rift.Mass balance calculation show that the whole crustal volume underlying the East Africa Helium Pool(EAHP)has a capability of producing radiogenic helium of about 9.9×10^(6) mol/yr(22×10^(-6) mol 4He/m^(2) yr)while the total radiogenic helium flux ranges between~2.39×10^(6) mol/yr and~2.68×10^(9) mol/yr.The Tanzania Craton contributes largely to radiogenic helium releasing up to 50% of the total capacity in the region.The total ^(4)He emission in the Rukwa Rift Basin is about 4.45×10^(5)-5.01×10^(8) mol/yr which is thus equivalent to 19%-21% of the total production capacity in the region.These results imply that the helium accumulation in the EAHP would have started as early as Paleoproterozoic(2.349 Ga).These results provide a qualitative and quantitative insight to assess both helium and geothermal potentiality in the region.展开更多
Monoculture and intensive fertiliser use in the cultivation of Robusta coffee(Coffea canephora var.Robusta)and black pepper(Piper nigrum L.)have led to soil degradation and increased disease pressure in Vietnam's ...Monoculture and intensive fertiliser use in the cultivation of Robusta coffee(Coffea canephora var.Robusta)and black pepper(Piper nigrum L.)have led to soil degradation and increased disease pressure in Vietnam's Central Highlands.To identify key factors driving soilborne diseases and threatening sustainable production,a soil and root survey was conducted across three provinces:Gia Lai,Dak Lak,and Dak Nong.Soils were characterised by high clay content(51.2-62.0%),moderate silt(35.5-46.0%),and low sand(2.5-2.8%),with a notably low cation exchange capacity(7.72-8.04 cmol_(c) kg^(−1)).The soils were strongly acidic,with average pH values of 4.51 in coffee farms and 5.45 in pepper farms.Despite sufficient levels of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K),soilborne pathogens were widespread.Fusarium spp.were detected in all samples,Phytophthora spp.in 64-76%of black pepper farms,and plant-parasitic nematodes in 67-84%of farms,with Meloidogyne spp.predominant.Fusarium density increased with soil acidity in coffee plantations.In coffee,nematode density was positively correlated with N input,while in black pepper,N was negatively correlated with Phytophthora.Organic matter and available K were negatively associated with Fusarium in coffee but positively with Phytophthora in black pepper.These findings underscore the need for integrated management of nutrients and pathogens to sustain perennial crop production in the region.展开更多
The article contains an error regarding the electron spectra displayed in Figs.4 and 5 and the data extracted from these spectra.The measurements were made with the SESAME magnetic spectrometer,the working principle o...The article contains an error regarding the electron spectra displayed in Figs.4 and 5 and the data extracted from these spectra.The measurements were made with the SESAME magnetic spectrometer,the working principle of which is recalled in Fig.1.Specifically,a magnetic dipole is used to separate charged particles(electrons in the case of this experiment)depending on their energy,charge and mass.The deflected particles then hit an imaging plate(IP)and deposit energy in its sensitive layer.The kinetic energy of the particles can be evaluated from their impact position on the IP and their number can be inferred from the local energy deposition.展开更多
Citric acid(CA),a widely used eco-friendly electrolyte,can be employed as an agent for enhancing toxic metal(TM)removal from contaminated dredged sediment using electrokinetic(EK)technology.In this study,dredged harbo...Citric acid(CA),a widely used eco-friendly electrolyte,can be employed as an agent for enhancing toxic metal(TM)removal from contaminated dredged sediment using electrokinetic(EK)technology.In this study,dredged harbor sediments co-contaminated by TMs were subjected to enhanced EK treatment using a mixture of chelating agent(CA)and surfactant as an additive in the processing fluids.Several control conditions that may influence the efficiency of TM removal were tested,including open/closed sediment chamber orifices,electric potential gradients(0.5,1.0,and 1.5 V cm^(-1)),and electrolyte surfactant.Tween 20(4 mmol L-1)was used as a surfactant within the electrolyte to investigate the extent of TM removal in sediment with high organic matter content.The results showed that an open orifice led to a greater electro-osmotic flow(EOF)with moderate TM removal.In contrast,a closed orifice with a nonionic surfactant electrolyte allowed the highest removal of TMs from the matrix.Moreover,increasing the electric potential gradient led to a higher EOF under the open orifice condition,but no significant increase in TM removal was observed owing to a higher accumulation of TMs in the middle of the matrix,caused by the opposite direction of EOF and electro-migration of metal-citrate complexes.展开更多
The aim of this work was to verify if the wheat susceptibility/tolerance phenotype to Fusarium head blight （FHB） into the field could be related to the ability of the re-activated seeds to hamper deoxynivalenol （DO...The aim of this work was to verify if the wheat susceptibility/tolerance phenotype to Fusarium head blight （FHB） into the field could be related to the ability of the re-activated seeds to hamper deoxynivalenol （DON） synthesis by Fusarium graminearum into non optimal （i.e. high humidity） storage conditions. On this purpose, two Fusariurn graminearum strains, Fg126 and Fg8308, were separately inoculated on active but not germinating kernels of Triticum aestivum L. cv ＂Sagittario＂ （FHB-susceptible） and cv ＂Blasco＂ （FHB-tolerant）, The growth of the fungal strains on wheat kernels was monitored from 0 to 15 days post inoculation through a quantitative SYBR green real-time PCR, as well as ergosterol content through HPLC for comparison. DON biosynthesis into the contaminated wheat seeds was quantified by HPLC method in the same time intervals as above. Significant differences in the ability to grow and synthesize DON, acetylated and glucosylated forms, emerged between the strains also in relation to the wheat variety on which the pathogen developed. The results obtained indicated that the wheat variety which from the epidemiological studies carried out into the field is FHB-tolerant, i.e. Blasco, resulted as the more efficient in hampering DON synthesis in both F. graminearum strains. Thus, this preliminary study could represent a contribution to find out less time consuming methods for screening the wheat varieties tolerant to DON accumulation in non optimal storage conditions.展开更多
The authors regret that an error occurred during the preparation of their article:One of the official databases,which was used for functional trait collections,contained an incorrect term–'chametophytes'–for...The authors regret that an error occurred during the preparation of their article:One of the official databases,which was used for functional trait collections,contained an incorrect term–'chametophytes'–for the life form category'chamaephytes'.Unfortunately,this incorrect term was used throughout the article following the nomenclature of this official database:in one instance in the main text,in Fig.3 and its caption,in Fig.5,and in two instances in the supplementary material.展开更多
Bemisia tabaci is a complex of cryptic agro-economically important pest species characterized by diverse clades,substantial genetic diversity along with strong phylogeographic associations.However,a comprehensive phyl...Bemisia tabaci is a complex of cryptic agro-economically important pest species characterized by diverse clades,substantial genetic diversity along with strong phylogeographic associations.However,a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis across the entire complex has been lacking,we thus conducted phylogenomic analyses and explored biogeographic patterns using 680 single-copy nuclear genes(SCNs)obtained from whole-genome sequencing data of 58 globally sourced B.tabaci specimens.We constructed both concatenation and coalescent trees using 680 SCNs,which produced highly supported bootstrap values and nearly identical topologies for all major clades.When comparing these concatenation trees with those constructed using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I(mtCOI)and mitochondrial genome,we found conflicting phylogenetic relationships,with the later trees recovering fewer major clades.In a separate comparison between concatenation and coalescent trees,particularly those generated using IQ-TREE,they were found to delineate population relationships more effectively than RaxML.In contrast,coalescent phylogenies were proficient in elucidating geographical dispersal patterns and the reorganization of biological species.Furthermore,we provided a strict consensus tree that clearly defines relationships within most clades,laying a solid foundation for future research on the evolution and taxonomy of B.tabaci.Ancestral range estimates suggested that the ancestral region of the complex is likely situated in equatorial Africa,the Middle East,and Mediterranean regions.Subsequently,the expansion occurred into part of the Palearctic and further into the Nearctic,Neotropical,Indomalayan,and Australasian regions.These findings challenge both previous classifications and origin hypotheses,offering a notably more comprehensive understanding of the global distribution,evolutionary history,diversification,and biogeography of B.tabaci.展开更多
This research aims to study the bio-adsorption process of two dyes,Cibacron Green H3G(CG-H3G)and Terasil Red(TR),in a single system and to bring them closer to the industrial textile discharge by a binary mixture of t...This research aims to study the bio-adsorption process of two dyes,Cibacron Green H3G(CG-H3G)and Terasil Red(TR),in a single system and to bring them closer to the industrial textile discharge by a binary mixture of two dyes(TR+CG-H3G).The Cockle Shell(CS)was used as a natural bio-adsorbent.The characterizations of CS were investigated by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX)and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET).The adsorption potential of Cockle Shells was tested in two cases(single and binary system)and determined by:contact time(0–60 min),bio-adsorption dose(3–15 g/L),initial concentration(10–300 mg/L),temperature(22–61°C)and pH solution(2–12).The study of bio-adsorption(equilibrium and kinetics)was conducted at 22°C.The kinetic studies demon-strated that a pseudo-second-order adsorption mechanism had a good correlation coefficient(R2≥0.999).The Langmuir isotherm modeling provided a well-defined description of TR and CG-H3G bio-adsorption on cockle shells,exhibiting maximum capacities of 29.41 and 3.69 mg/g respectively at 22°C.The thermodynamic study shows that the reaction between the TR,CG-H3G dyes molecules and the bio-adsorbent is exothermic,spontaneous in the range of 22–31°C with the aleatory character decrease at the solid-liquid interface.The study of selectivity in single and binary systems has been performed under optimal operating conditions using the industrial textile rejection pH(pH=6.04).CG-H3G dye is found to have a higher selectivity than TR in single(0–60 min)and binary systems with a range of 6–45 min,as shown by the selectivity measurement.It was discovered that CS has the capability to remove both CG-H3G and TR dyes in both simple and binary systems,making it a superior bio-adsorbent.展开更多
基金supported by the UK EPSRC(Grant code:EP/V027255/1)the Leverhulme Trust(Grant code:RPG-2024-116)the computing service pro-vided by the UK National Service for Computational Chemistry Software(NSCCS)tendered by the Imperial College.
文摘The formation of stable neutral helium-and neon-containing compounds under ambient conditions remains a signifi-cant challenge in chemistry.Here we de-velop a novel strategy for the synthesis of helium-and neon-containing complex-es with a helium or neon atom encapsu-lated by two molecules with large elec-tric dipole moments.Using high-level ab initio calculations,we find that linear compounds,such as LiF-He-CuF,HCN-He-CuF,NaF-Ne-CuF,LiF-Ne-AuF and NaF-Ne-AuF,are stable,and the strong interac-tions resulting from the head-to-tail alignment of large electric dipoles have significantly en-hanced the He/Ne-metal binding when compared with those predicted for the He-CuF and Ne-AuF complexes.A viable experimental approach to synthesize these compounds is also out-lined,offering a potential route to stable neutral compounds containing both helium and neon under ambient conditions.
文摘The remarkable mechanical and physical characteristics of functionally graded(FG)graphene origami(GOri)-enabled auxetic metamaterial(GOEAM)structures,including their high strength-to-weight ratio,tunable stiffness and strength,and negative Poisson's ratio(NPR),have demonstrated significant promise for a range of engineering applications.This paper aims to investigate the nonlinear free vibrations behaviors of FG-GOEAM non-uniform thickness skew-microplate with rectangular and elliptical planform and resting on Kerr-elastic foundation in thermal environment.Within the framework of the higher-order shear deformation theory(HSDT),von Kármán assumption,modified couple stress theory(MCST)and by employing Hamilton's principle the nonlinear governing equations of motion are established.By combining an iterative technique with a displacement control strategy,an isogeometric analysis(IGA)approach used to determine the nonlinearity in free vibration,as measured by the nonlinear frequency ratio associated with the center deflection amplitude.The effects of GOri distribution patterns,weight fraction,length-scale parameter,temperature difference,skew-angle,and micro-plate dimensions on the nonlinear free vibrations behaviors of the FG-GOEAM non-uniform thickness skew-microplate are revealed through a thorough parametric study.This result can be applied in studies on the design of micro-electro-mechanical devices operating in various complex environments and conditions.
文摘Dear Editor,Systemic sclerosis(SSc)is an autoimmune connective tissue disease in which there are vascular abnormalities,inflammation,and fibrosis[1].These three characteristics primarily affect the skin and lungs.Of all the autoimmune rheumatic diseases,SSc has the highest all-cause mortality rate,and the underlying pathogenic processes that mediate disease are still obscure,with wide diff erences in presentation and progression[2,3].
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52006029)the Promotion Foundation for Young Science and Technology Talents in Jilin Province(Grant No.QT202113)+2 种基金the Special Foundation of Industrial Innovation in Jilin Province(Grant No.2019C056-2)the Special Foundation for Outstanding Young Talents Training in Jilin(Grant No.20200104107)the UK EPSRC(EP/W03784X/1)。
文摘Production of green hydrogen through water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources has garnered increasing attention as an attractive strategy for the storage of clean and sustainable energy.Among various electrolysis technologies,the emerging anion exchange membrane water electrolyser(AEMWE)exhibits the most potential for green hydrogen production,offering a potentially costeffective and sustainable approach that combines the advantages of high current density and fast start from proton exchange membrane water electrolyser(PEMWE)and low-cost catalyst from traditional alkaline water electrolyser(AWE)systems.Due to its relatively recent emergence over the past decade,a series of efforts are dedicated to improving the electrochemical reaction performance to accelerate the development and commercialization of AEMWE technology.A catalytic electrode comprising a gas diffusion layer(GDL)and a catalyst layer(CL)is usually called a gas diffusion electrode(GDE)that serves as a fundamental component within AEMWE,and also plays a core role in enhancing mass transfer during the electrolysis process.Inside the GDEs,bubbles nucleate and grow within the CL and then are transported through the GDL before eventually detaching to enter the electrolyte in the flow field.The transfer processes of water,gas bubbles,charges,and ions are intricately influenced by bubbles.This phenomenon is referred to as bubble-associated mass transfer.Like water management in fuel cells,effective bubble management is crucial in electrolysers,as its failure can result in various overpotential losses,such as activation losses,ohmic losses,and mass transfer losses,ultimately degrading the AEMWE performance.Despite significant advancements in the development of new materials and techniques in AEMWE,there is an urgent need for a comprehensive discussion focused on GDEs,with a particular emphasis on bubbleassociated mass transfer phenomena.This review aims to highlight recent findings regarding mass transfer in GDEs,particularly the impacts of bubble accumulation;and presents the latest advancements in designing CLs and GDLs to mitigate bubble-related issues.It is worth noting that a series of innovative bubble-free-GDE designs for water electrolysis are also emphasized in this review.This review is expected to be a valuable reference for gaining a deeper understanding of bubble-related mass transfer,especially the complex bubble behavior associated with GDEs,and for developing innovative practical strategies to advance AEMWE for green hydrogen production.
文摘Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)play a crucial role in numerous Internet of Things(IoT)applications and next-generation communication systems,yet they continue to face challenges in balancing energy efficiency and reliable connectivity.This study proposes SAC-HTC(Soft Actor-Critic-based High-performance Topology Control),a deep reinforcement learning(DRL)method based on the Actor-Critic framework,implemented within a Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network(SDWSN)architecture.In this approach,sensor nodes periodically transmit state information,including coordinates,node degree,transmission power,and neighbor lists,to a centralized controller.The controller acts as the reinforcement learning(RL)agent,with the Actor generating decisions to adjust transmission ranges,while the Critic evaluates action values to reflect the overall network performance.The bidirectional Node-Controller feedback mechanism enables the controller to issue appropriate control commands to each node,ensuring the maintenance of the desired node degree,reducing energy consumption,and preserving network connectivity.The algorithmfurther incorporates soft entropy adjustment to balance exploration and exploitation,alongwith an off-policy mechanism for efficient data reuse,making it well-suited to the resource-constrained conditions ofWSNs.Simulation results demonstrate that SAC-HTC not only outperforms traditional methods and several existing RL algorithms but also achieves faster convergence,optimized communication range control,global connectivity maintenance,and extended network lifetime.The key novelty of this research lies in the integration of the SAC method with the SDWSN architecture forWSNs topology control,providing an adaptive,efficient,and highly promisingmechanism for large-scale,dynamic,and high-performance sensor networks.
文摘Brain metastasis and primary glioblastoma multiforme represent the most common and lethal malignant brain tumors.Its median survival time is typically less than a year after diagnosis.One of the major challenges in treating these cancers is the efficiency of the transport of drugs to the central nervous system.The blood-brain barrier is cooperating with advanced stages of malignancy.The blood-brain barrier poses a significant challenge to delivering systemic medications to brain tumors.Nanodrug delivery systems have emerged as promising tools for effectively crossing this barrier.Additionally,the development of smart nanoparticles brings new hope for cancer diagnosis and treatment.These nanoparticles improve drug delivery efficiency,allowing for the creation of targeted and stimuli-responsive delivery methods.This review highlights recent advancements in nanoparticle and smart nanoparticle technologies for brain cancer treatment,exploring the range of nanoparticles under development,their applications,targeting strategies,and the latest progress in enhancing transport across the blood-brain barrier.It also addresses the ongoing challenges and potential benefits of these innovative approaches.
基金funded by a research grant awarded by the General Administration of Sport of China,Beijing,China(Grant No.24KJCX022 to ML).
文摘Background Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction(EIB)is a prevalent respiratory condition among summer sport elite athletes,yet epidemiological data from Asian populations remain scarce.The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence,sport-specific patterns,and physiological characteristics of EIB in Chinese summer sport elite athletes.Methods A cross-sectional study of 500 summer sport elite athletes across 17 sports was conducted.Participants underwent standardized exercise challenge testing,spirometry,and serum biomarker assessments(eosinophils,interleukin-5(IL-5),interleukin-8(IL-8),Clara Cell protein 16(CC16),immunoglobulin E(IgE),and uric acid(UA)).Results EIB prevalence was 27.6%(138/500),with significant variation across sports:highest in swimming(51.52%)and lowest in wrestling(6.45%).Female athletes were more prevalent than males(31.1%vs.23.7%,p=0.030).Outdoor sports demonstrated higher rates than indoor disciplines(37.4%vs.19.4%,p=0.002).EIB-positive athletes showed pronounced post-exercise declines in forced expiratory volume in 1 s(FEV_(1))at 5 min(p<0.001)and elevated inflammatory biomarkers:eosinophils(p<0.001),neutrophils(p=0.019),IL-5(p<0.001),IL-8(p<0.001),CC16(p<0.001),IgE(p<0.001),and UA(p<0.001)vs.EIB-negative counterparts.Conclusion This is the first large-scale study of Chinese athletes to reveal EIB prevalence exceeding global averages.Distinct risk profiles emerge,associated with gender,athletic level,sport type,and environmental factors.The findings outline the need for targeted screening programs and biomarker-guided management to mitigate respiratory health risks in athletic populations.
基金supported by the World Bank Group through the Regional Centre of Excellence on Sustainable Cities in Africa(CERViDA-DOUNEDON),grant numbers 6512-TG and 5360-TG.
文摘Although progress has been made nationally in terms of drinking water coverage,access remains a significant challenge in Togo’s secondary cities,particularly in Noèpéand Kovié.These areas are experiencing rapid urbanization and sustained population growth,which is putting increasing pressure on often dilapidated infrastructure.This study aims to examine the institutional,regulatory and organizational mechanisms that shape water governance in Noèpéand Kovié,to identify the main obstacles and potential pathways towards equitable and sustainable access to drinking water.The research combined a literature review with qualitative fieldwork,including 67 semi-structured interviews and focus groups with institutional actors,municipal authorities and community association.Thematic analysis was used to triangulate institutional discourse,policy documents and community perspectives.The findings reveal that governance is hindered by institutional fragmentation,weak inter-institutional coordination,compounded by centralized governance.Community-based models,although widespread,suffer from lack of professionalization,financial fragility,weak community participation and conflicts interest.Infrastructure deficits,dependence on ad hoc external funding,and limited regulation exacerbate service inequalities.To address these challenges,this study concludes that water governance in secondary cities must be adapted to institutional and regulatory frameworks while taking local specifics into account.Strengthening institutional and community capacities,updating stakeholder mapping,developing participatory governance mechanisms and establishing shared governance mechanisms are essential.Local master plan aligned with urban planning strategies are recommended to anticipate demographic pressures and climate variability.Such reforms would help to ensure sustainable access to drinking water.
基金the support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4005000)the Joint Fund of Liaoning Binhai Laboratory(LBLF-2023-04)+3 种基金Dalian Science and Technology Talent Innovation Support Plan(2022RY09)Innovation Research Fund of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP I202318)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478384)the UK EPSRC(EP/W03784X/1)。
文摘Large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis faces a freshwater shortage.Direct seawater electrolysis offers a solution but encounters new challenges.Herein,we report a feasible strategy to both prevent metal hydroxides deposition and boost the hydrogen evolution reaction by adding a chelating agent,EDTA-Na_(4),that chelates with Mg^(2+)/Ca^(2+),thus inhibiting their deposition and gathering them near the cathode surface,resulting in breaking the ordered hydrogen bond networks of interfacial water and reducing the activation energy of water dissociation.Furthermore,hydrolysis of–COO^(-) also promoted water dissociation to produce more active*H and*OH near the electrode surface that in turn serves as a diffusion medium for*OH,accelerating mass transfer and enabling seawater electrolysis to exhibit a stable performance,which operates continuously at 100 mA cm^(-2)@2.20 V and 200 mA cm^(-2)@2.58 V for 400 h in the symmetric electrolyzer and 500 mA cm^(-2)@2.29 V for over 500 h in the asymmetric electrolyzer.This study provides a new perspective to address the issues of stable and scalable direct seawater electrolysis for practical green hydrogen production.
文摘Background Evidence on pre-operative physical activity before hip and knee arthroplasty is limited and heterogeneous.Intervention components and behavior change techniques remain underexplored.This review examined the effectiveness of pre-operative physical activity interventions on patient and surgical outcomes in elective hip and knee arthroplasty up to 12 weeks post-surgery.Methods A systematic search of 8 databases up to August 8,2024 identified randomized controlled trials of physical activity interventions before total hip and knee arthroplasty.Quality of evidence was evaluated with Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation framework.Random-effects models were used for meta-analyses.The Template for Intervention Description and Replication(TIDieR)was used for detailing the included interventions.Results Forty trials were included.Significant mean differences in favor of the intervention groups were found at pre-and post-surgery in 4 outcomes:health-related quality of life(Knee pre-surgery standardized mean difference(SMD)=−0.5,95%confidence interval(95%CI):−1.0 to−0.1 and Hip and Knee post-surgery SMD=−0.4,95%CI:−0.6 to−0.1),pain(Hip and Knee pre-surgery SMD=−0.4,95%CI:−0.6 to−0.1 and Knee post-surgery SMD=−0.3,95%CI:−0.6 to−0.1),function(Hip and Knee pre-surgery SMD=−0.5,95%CI:−0.8 to−0.2 and Knee post-surgery SMD=−0.6,95%CI:−1.0 to−0.2),and timed-up-and-go(Hip and Knee MD=−1.2 s,95%CI:−2.0 to−0.3 and Hip and Knee MD=−1.3 s,95%CI:−1.7 to−0.8).Half of the interventions reported over 75%of the TIDieR items,while behavior change techniques reporting was limited.Conclusion Pre-operative exercise improves health-related quality of life,pain,and function pre-and post-surgery in elective hip and knee arthroplasty.Standardized reporting is needed for establishing effective intervention components.
文摘Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)have emerged as key mediators of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),linking innate immune activation to vascular injury,thrombosis,and maladaptive remodeling.This review synthesizes recent insights into the molecular and cellular pathways driving NET formation,including post-translational modifications,metabolic reprogramming,inflammasome signaling,and autophagy.It highlights the role of NETs in atherosclerosis,thrombosis,myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,and hypertension,emphasizing common control points such as peptidylarginine deiminase 4(PAD4)-dependent histone citrullination and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases 2(NOX2)-mediated oxidative stress.Mechanistic interpretation of circulating biomarkers,includingmyeloperoxidase(MPO)-DNA complexes,citrullinated histoneH3,and cell-free DNA,provides a translational bridge between NET biology and patient stratification.Therapeutic strategies targeting NETs are examined through three main approaches:inhibition of NET initiation,enhancement of chromatin clearance,and neutralization of toxic extracellular components,with attention to both established and emerging interventions.In contrast to previous reviews,this study highlights the novelty of a mechano-therapeutic framework by providing a mechanistic roadmap linking NET formation pathways to therapeutic targeting in cardiovascular disease.Moving forward,integrating mechanistic information with biomarker discovery,precision profiling,and targeted therapies offers innovative strategies to reduce vascular inflammation and improve outcomes in cardiovascular disease.
基金supported by the General Administration of Sport of China(23QN009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12102235)。
文摘Background:The anterior talofibular ligament(ATFL)and the calcaneofibular ligament(CFL)are vulnerable to be torn or ruptured during lateral ankle sprain(LAS),especially in people with chronic ankle instability(CAI).This study aims to determine whether landing with a larger toe-out angle would influence ATFL and CFL strains in people with CAI,aiming to contribute to the development of effective landing strategies to reduce LAS risk.Methods:Thirty participants with CAI(22 males and 8 females,age:21.2±1.2 years,height:176.9±9.0 cm,body mass:70.6±12.1 kg,mean±SD)were recruited.Each participant landed on a specialized trap-door device with their unaffected limbs on a support platform and their affected limbs on a movable platform,which could be flipped 24°inward and 15°forward to mimic LAS conditions.Two landing conditions were tested—i.e.,natural landing(NL,with natural toe-out angle at landing)and toe-out landing(TL,with toe-out angle increased to over 150%of that under the NL conditions).Kinematic data were captured using a 12-camera motion analysis system,and ATFL and CFL strains were calculated using a 3D rigid-body foot model.Paired sample t tests and Pearson's correlations were used to analyze data.Results:Compared to NL conditions,ATFL strain decreased(p<0.001,d=2.42)while CFL strain remained unchanged(p=0.229,d=0.09)under TL conditions.The toe-out angle was negatively and strongly correlated with ATFL strain(r=-0.743,p<0.001)but not with CFL strain(r=0.153,p=0.251).Compared to NL conditions,participants exhibit a lower ankle inversion angle(p<0.001,d=0.494),a higher plantarflexion angle(p<0.001,d=1.101),and no significant difference in external rotation angle(p=0.571,d=0.133)under TL conditions.Conclusion:Toe-out landing may reduce ATFL strain while maintaining CFL strain in people with CAI,thereby reducing the risk of LAS.
基金funded by United Kingdom Commonwealth Scholarship Commission。
文摘The Rukwa Rift section of the East Africa Rift System presents a type setting for radiogenic helium accumulation in a petroleum free basin.As a prerequisite for accumulation,a considerable high heat flow anomaly is required from tectonothermal events to drive the release and circulation of radiogenic helium in the continental crust.Here we apply statistical analysis on geochemical data observed in thermal springs and recorded heat flow to account for crustal helium mass balance for each tectonothermal event in the region.Our results demonstrate anomalously high heat flow~64-99 mW/m^(2) with a consistent trend of helium isotopic ratio and fluid chemistry in the Rukwa Rift.Mass balance calculation show that the whole crustal volume underlying the East Africa Helium Pool(EAHP)has a capability of producing radiogenic helium of about 9.9×10^(6) mol/yr(22×10^(-6) mol 4He/m^(2) yr)while the total radiogenic helium flux ranges between~2.39×10^(6) mol/yr and~2.68×10^(9) mol/yr.The Tanzania Craton contributes largely to radiogenic helium releasing up to 50% of the total capacity in the region.The total ^(4)He emission in the Rukwa Rift Basin is about 4.45×10^(5)-5.01×10^(8) mol/yr which is thus equivalent to 19%-21% of the total production capacity in the region.These results imply that the helium accumulation in the EAHP would have started as early as Paleoproterozoic(2.349 Ga).These results provide a qualitative and quantitative insight to assess both helium and geothermal potentiality in the region.
基金funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research(ACIAR)project“AGB-2018-175:Enhancing smallholder livelihoods in the Central Highlands of Viet Nam through improving the sustainability of coffee and black pepper farming systems and value chains”and Deakin University.
文摘Monoculture and intensive fertiliser use in the cultivation of Robusta coffee(Coffea canephora var.Robusta)and black pepper(Piper nigrum L.)have led to soil degradation and increased disease pressure in Vietnam's Central Highlands.To identify key factors driving soilborne diseases and threatening sustainable production,a soil and root survey was conducted across three provinces:Gia Lai,Dak Lak,and Dak Nong.Soils were characterised by high clay content(51.2-62.0%),moderate silt(35.5-46.0%),and low sand(2.5-2.8%),with a notably low cation exchange capacity(7.72-8.04 cmol_(c) kg^(−1)).The soils were strongly acidic,with average pH values of 4.51 in coffee farms and 5.45 in pepper farms.Despite sufficient levels of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K),soilborne pathogens were widespread.Fusarium spp.were detected in all samples,Phytophthora spp.in 64-76%of black pepper farms,and plant-parasitic nematodes in 67-84%of farms,with Meloidogyne spp.predominant.Fusarium density increased with soil acidity in coffee plantations.In coffee,nematode density was positively correlated with N input,while in black pepper,N was negatively correlated with Phytophthora.Organic matter and available K were negatively associated with Fusarium in coffee but positively with Phytophthora in black pepper.These findings underscore the need for integrated management of nutrients and pathogens to sustain perennial crop production in the region.
文摘The article contains an error regarding the electron spectra displayed in Figs.4 and 5 and the data extracted from these spectra.The measurements were made with the SESAME magnetic spectrometer,the working principle of which is recalled in Fig.1.Specifically,a magnetic dipole is used to separate charged particles(electrons in the case of this experiment)depending on their energy,charge and mass.The deflected particles then hit an imaging plate(IP)and deposit energy in its sensitive layer.The kinetic energy of the particles can be evaluated from their impact position on the IP and their number can be inferred from the local energy deposition.
基金financially supported by the Project SEDEVAR of the Research Network SCALE provided by the Normandy Region,France
文摘Citric acid(CA),a widely used eco-friendly electrolyte,can be employed as an agent for enhancing toxic metal(TM)removal from contaminated dredged sediment using electrokinetic(EK)technology.In this study,dredged harbor sediments co-contaminated by TMs were subjected to enhanced EK treatment using a mixture of chelating agent(CA)and surfactant as an additive in the processing fluids.Several control conditions that may influence the efficiency of TM removal were tested,including open/closed sediment chamber orifices,electric potential gradients(0.5,1.0,and 1.5 V cm^(-1)),and electrolyte surfactant.Tween 20(4 mmol L-1)was used as a surfactant within the electrolyte to investigate the extent of TM removal in sediment with high organic matter content.The results showed that an open orifice led to a greater electro-osmotic flow(EOF)with moderate TM removal.In contrast,a closed orifice with a nonionic surfactant electrolyte allowed the highest removal of TMs from the matrix.Moreover,increasing the electric potential gradient led to a higher EOF under the open orifice condition,but no significant increase in TM removal was observed owing to a higher accumulation of TMs in the middle of the matrix,caused by the opposite direction of EOF and electro-migration of metal-citrate complexes.
文摘The aim of this work was to verify if the wheat susceptibility/tolerance phenotype to Fusarium head blight （FHB） into the field could be related to the ability of the re-activated seeds to hamper deoxynivalenol （DON） synthesis by Fusarium graminearum into non optimal （i.e. high humidity） storage conditions. On this purpose, two Fusariurn graminearum strains, Fg126 and Fg8308, were separately inoculated on active but not germinating kernels of Triticum aestivum L. cv ＂Sagittario＂ （FHB-susceptible） and cv ＂Blasco＂ （FHB-tolerant）, The growth of the fungal strains on wheat kernels was monitored from 0 to 15 days post inoculation through a quantitative SYBR green real-time PCR, as well as ergosterol content through HPLC for comparison. DON biosynthesis into the contaminated wheat seeds was quantified by HPLC method in the same time intervals as above. Significant differences in the ability to grow and synthesize DON, acetylated and glucosylated forms, emerged between the strains also in relation to the wheat variety on which the pathogen developed. The results obtained indicated that the wheat variety which from the epidemiological studies carried out into the field is FHB-tolerant, i.e. Blasco, resulted as the more efficient in hampering DON synthesis in both F. graminearum strains. Thus, this preliminary study could represent a contribution to find out less time consuming methods for screening the wheat varieties tolerant to DON accumulation in non optimal storage conditions.
文摘The authors regret that an error occurred during the preparation of their article:One of the official databases,which was used for functional trait collections,contained an incorrect term–'chametophytes'–for the life form category'chamaephytes'.Unfortunately,this incorrect term was used throughout the article following the nomenclature of this official database:in one instance in the main text,in Fig.3 and its caption,in Fig.5,and in two instances in the supplementary material.
基金supported by the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation(African cassava whitefly project,OPP1058938)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant numbers 31501878).
文摘Bemisia tabaci is a complex of cryptic agro-economically important pest species characterized by diverse clades,substantial genetic diversity along with strong phylogeographic associations.However,a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis across the entire complex has been lacking,we thus conducted phylogenomic analyses and explored biogeographic patterns using 680 single-copy nuclear genes(SCNs)obtained from whole-genome sequencing data of 58 globally sourced B.tabaci specimens.We constructed both concatenation and coalescent trees using 680 SCNs,which produced highly supported bootstrap values and nearly identical topologies for all major clades.When comparing these concatenation trees with those constructed using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I(mtCOI)and mitochondrial genome,we found conflicting phylogenetic relationships,with the later trees recovering fewer major clades.In a separate comparison between concatenation and coalescent trees,particularly those generated using IQ-TREE,they were found to delineate population relationships more effectively than RaxML.In contrast,coalescent phylogenies were proficient in elucidating geographical dispersal patterns and the reorganization of biological species.Furthermore,we provided a strict consensus tree that clearly defines relationships within most clades,laying a solid foundation for future research on the evolution and taxonomy of B.tabaci.Ancestral range estimates suggested that the ancestral region of the complex is likely situated in equatorial Africa,the Middle East,and Mediterranean regions.Subsequently,the expansion occurred into part of the Palearctic and further into the Nearctic,Neotropical,Indomalayan,and Australasian regions.These findings challenge both previous classifications and origin hypotheses,offering a notably more comprehensive understanding of the global distribution,evolutionary history,diversification,and biogeography of B.tabaci.
基金supported by the University Salah Boubnider-Constantine 3 (Algeria).
文摘This research aims to study the bio-adsorption process of two dyes,Cibacron Green H3G(CG-H3G)and Terasil Red(TR),in a single system and to bring them closer to the industrial textile discharge by a binary mixture of two dyes(TR+CG-H3G).The Cockle Shell(CS)was used as a natural bio-adsorbent.The characterizations of CS were investigated by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX)and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET).The adsorption potential of Cockle Shells was tested in two cases(single and binary system)and determined by:contact time(0–60 min),bio-adsorption dose(3–15 g/L),initial concentration(10–300 mg/L),temperature(22–61°C)and pH solution(2–12).The study of bio-adsorption(equilibrium and kinetics)was conducted at 22°C.The kinetic studies demon-strated that a pseudo-second-order adsorption mechanism had a good correlation coefficient(R2≥0.999).The Langmuir isotherm modeling provided a well-defined description of TR and CG-H3G bio-adsorption on cockle shells,exhibiting maximum capacities of 29.41 and 3.69 mg/g respectively at 22°C.The thermodynamic study shows that the reaction between the TR,CG-H3G dyes molecules and the bio-adsorbent is exothermic,spontaneous in the range of 22–31°C with the aleatory character decrease at the solid-liquid interface.The study of selectivity in single and binary systems has been performed under optimal operating conditions using the industrial textile rejection pH(pH=6.04).CG-H3G dye is found to have a higher selectivity than TR in single(0–60 min)and binary systems with a range of 6–45 min,as shown by the selectivity measurement.It was discovered that CS has the capability to remove both CG-H3G and TR dyes in both simple and binary systems,making it a superior bio-adsorbent.
