There is a need to develop interventions to slow or reverse the degeneration of dopamine neurons in Parkinson’s disease after diagnosis.Given that preclinical and clinical studies suggest benefits of dietary n-3 poly...There is a need to develop interventions to slow or reverse the degeneration of dopamine neurons in Parkinson’s disease after diagnosis.Given that preclinical and clinical studies suggest benefits of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,such as docosahexaenoic acid,and exercise in Parkinson’s disease,we investigated whether both could synergistically interact to induce recovery of the dopaminergic pathway.First,mice received a unilateral stereotactic injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the striatum to establish an animal model of nigrostriatal denervation.Four weeks after lesion,animals were fed a docosahexaenoic acid-enriched or a control diet for the next 8 weeks.During this period,the animals had access to a running wheel,which they could use or not.Docosahexaenoic acid treatment,voluntary exercise,or the combination of both had no effect on(i)distance traveled in the open field test,(ii)the percentage of contraversive rotations in the apomorphine-induction test or(iii)the number of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta.However,the docosahexaenoic acid diet increased the number of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive terminals and induced a rise in dopamine concentrations in the lesioned striatum.Compared to docosahexaenoic acid treatment or exercise alone,the combination of docosahexaenoic acid and exercise(i)improved forelimb balance in the stepping test,(ii)decreased the striatal DOPAC/dopamine ratio and(iii)led to increased dopamine transporter levels in the lesioned striatum.The present results suggest that the combination of exercise and docosahexaenoic acid may act synergistically in the striatum of mice with a unilateral lesion of the dopaminergic system and provide support for clinical trials combining nutrition and physical exercise in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are multipotent adult stem cells of mesodermal origin that can be isolated from various tissues,including bone marrow,tooth pulp,adipose tissue,and umbilical cord.MSCs have gained significa...Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are multipotent adult stem cells of mesodermal origin that can be isolated from various tissues,including bone marrow,tooth pulp,adipose tissue,and umbilical cord.MSCs have gained significant attention in regenerative medicine due to their ability to modulate the immune system and favor tissue repair.MSCs enrich the medium in which they are cultivated with a broad range of bioactive molecules,including growth factors,cytokines,chemokines,enzymes,nucleic acids,and extracellular vesicles that collectively compose the MSC secretome.An increasing number of pre-clinical studies suggest that delivering in vivo an MSC-conditioned medium(i.e.,the medium collected from MSC cultures after at least 3 days of exposure)exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of neurological conditions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Precision medicine is an emerging field that includes tumor-targeted delivery and tumor microenvironment.This review explores the synergistic potential of combining nano-drug delivery systems with low radia...BACKGROUND Precision medicine is an emerging field that includes tumor-targeted delivery and tumor microenvironment.This review explores the synergistic potential of combining nano-drug delivery systems with low radiation doses to achieve optimized therapeutic outcomes,particularly in the context of cancer treatment.Nanoparticle-based drug carriers offer precise and targeted delivery,enhancing the therapeutic index of anticancer agents.The use of lower radiation doses has become a focus in radiation oncology to minimize off-target effects on healthy tissues in palliation treatment with high-target volume lesions.AIM To conduct a bibliometric review of nanomedicine and glioblastoma(GBM),all relevant studies from the last two decades were included.METHODS The search strategy comprised the keywords“nanomedicine”and“glioblastoma”in the title and/or abstract.All English-language documents from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2023 were considered for the analysis.R code(version 4.2.0)with R Studio(version 2022.12.0-353)and the Bibliometrix package(version 4.0.1)were used for the analysis.A total of 680 documents were collected.RESULTS We analyzed the bibliometric features of nanomedicine in glioma.With the limitations of the research,our analysis aims to highlight the increasing interest of researchers in the precision medicine field in GBM treatment and lead us to suggest further studies focusing on the association between nanomedicine and radiotherapy.CONCLUSION Due to the poor prognosis associated with GBM,new therapeutic approaches are necessary.There is an increasing interest in precision medicine,which includes nanomedicine and radiotherapy,for GBM treatment.This integration enhances the efficacy of targeted treatments and provides a promising avenue for reducing adverse effects,signifying a notable advancement in precision oncology.展开更多
Background:The absence of well-established immunosuppressed rabbit models poses a significant hurdle in xenograft experiments.Tacrolimus has been identified as a highly promising immunosuppressive agent for rabbits.Ho...Background:The absence of well-established immunosuppressed rabbit models poses a significant hurdle in xenograft experiments.Tacrolimus has been identified as a highly promising immunosuppressive agent for rabbits.However,determining the optimal dosage and route of administration to minimize toxicity while maintaining efficacy remains challenging.Methods:In this study,we investigated the effect of orally administered tacrolimus in rabbits,with an aim to achieve a whole blood target trough level of 3-10 ng/m L,and looked at signs of tissue rejection after the transplantation of a human nerve conduit to repair a severed fibular nerve.An oral dosage range of 0.25-1.5 mg/kg/d was studied for up to 1 year in 63 New Zealand rabbits.Results:We demonstrated the feasibility of long-term grafting in rabbits while maintaining safe immunosuppression,with side effects mainly limited to diarrhea.Customizing the administered dose proved crucial for graft efficacy and low toxicity,which translated into 100%individual survival.We suggest an oral tacrolimus dose of 1.0-1.5 mg/kg depending on individual heterogeneity and recommend to implement a close therapeutic drug monitoring in the rabbits to maintain a whole blood tacrolimus trough level within the range of 5-12 ng/m L,as levels below 5 ng/m L showed signs of inflammation in the graft.Conclusion:The oral administration of tacrolimus enabled efficient immunosuppression of rabbits over a 1-year period without significant side effects or loss of animals.展开更多
We aimed to assess the occlusive effectiveness of open-ended vasectomy with mucosal cautery and fascial interposition and to determine the factors associated with occlusion failure.We studied all vasectomies performed...We aimed to assess the occlusive effectiveness of open-ended vasectomy with mucosal cautery and fascial interposition and to determine the factors associated with occlusion failure.We studied all vasectomies performed between September 1,2020,and August 31,2021,by four vasectomy surgeons from Quebec City,Quebec,Canada.Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were extracted from the electronic medical records.Occlusive effectiveness was assessed in all men with at least one postvasectomy semen analysis(PVSA).The effectiveness criteria were adapted from those of the American Urological Association(AUA)vasectomy guideline.Among the 4000 eligible vasectomies,2242(56.1%)were followed by at least one PVSA,with 99(4.4%)requiring more than one PVSA.Occlusive effectiveness was achieved in 2233 vasectomies(99.6%;95%confidence interval[CI]:99.3%-99.8%),with 2199(98.1%)and 34(1.5%)classified as confirmed and probable success,respectively.The final status of the three vasectomies(0.1%)was indeterminate.Occlusive failure was observed in six vasectomies(0.3%;95%CI:0.1%-0.6%).The four surgeons had a similar risk of failure.The only significant factor associated with failure was the difficulty in performing the vas occlusion reported by the surgeon(7.4%[2/27]vs 0.2%[4/2212];relative risk=41.0;95%CI:7.8-214.2).The high occlusive effectiveness observed in our study validates AUA recommendations,supporting the use of this technique.Difficulty in occlusion of the vas deferens,as reported by surgeons,was the only factor associated with vasectomy failure.This finding highlights the need for PVSA in such cases.展开更多
Febrile infants are at greater risk of invasive bacterial infections (IBI),which include bacterial meningitis and bacteremia.Although bacterial meningitis is uncommon,^([1-2])it remains a concern for clinicians treati...Febrile infants are at greater risk of invasive bacterial infections (IBI),which include bacterial meningitis and bacteremia.Although bacterial meningitis is uncommon,^([1-2])it remains a concern for clinicians treating infants younger than 90 d.Guidelines for investigating fever without a source(meaning without an apparent source of infection,or of nonobvious origin) are numerous around the world but remain conflicting,particularly on whether to perform a lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis in infants older than 22 d and hence at lower risk than younger infants.展开更多
In this study,two series of foams based on tannic acid(TA),furfuryl alcohol(FA),soybean protein isolate(SPI),and casein(CA),namely TA–FA–SPI(TS series)and TA–FA–CA(TC series)were developed,and their properties wer...In this study,two series of foams based on tannic acid(TA),furfuryl alcohol(FA),soybean protein isolate(SPI),and casein(CA),namely TA–FA–SPI(TS series)and TA–FA–CA(TC series)were developed,and their properties were enhanced by adding poplar fibers(WF).From the samples produced,a complete set of characterization was performed including possible crosslinking reactions,morphology,mechanical properties,flame retardancy,thermal insulation and thermal stability.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)revealed possible covalent crosslinking among the components and hydrogen bonding between WF and the matrix.Viscosity results indicated that lower prepolymer viscosity led to lower apparent density,while WF addition reduced even more the density.Mechanical tests showed that the maximum compressive strengths were good,while WF improved the compressive strength by up to 56%.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)showed uniform cell structures,but small open pores were observed.Two-dimensional(2D)CT scan images confirmed the good compatibility between WF and the matrix,with low anisotropy in the material.Friability tests indicated that WF decreased the pulverization ratio of the materials by up to 42%.Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)showed good thermal stability of the materials up to 328°C.Vertical burning tests showed that the materials were self-extinguishing without residue(dripping).The lowest thermal conductivity was 0.04 W/m·K.These results suggest that these novel formaldehyde-free,high biomass content(95%–96%)foams and composite foams have high potential to replace traditional phenolic foams(PF)in applications such as construction,transportation,packaging,and thermal insulation.展开更多
AIM:To assess the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic on the wait times and severity of surgical glaucoma cases in a single tertiary referral center in Quebec,Canada.METHODS:Preoperative severity ...AIM:To assess the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic on the wait times and severity of surgical glaucoma cases in a single tertiary referral center in Quebec,Canada.METHODS:Preoperative severity data included mean visual field(VF)deficit,intraocular pressure(IOP),the number of topical glaucoma medication classes,and preoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA).The times from referral to procedure(referral time)and from listing date to procedure(waitlisting time)were calculated.RESULTS:This retrospective cohort study involved 181 eyes of patients undergoing glaucoma surgery from March 1 to June 30,2019(pre-pandemic period),and 201 eyes in the same timeframe in 2021(pandemic period)at Saint-Sacrement Hospital in Quebec City.There was no significant difference in the severity data of surgical glaucoma across both periods(VF deficit:P=0.48;IOP:P=0.14;BCVA:P=0.24;topical medication classes:P=0.27).The number of patients referred with oral glaucoma medication increased slightly from 45 to 70 in 2019 and 2021 respectively(P=0.08).Delay data were also comparable.Mean referral time was 122±120d in 2019 versus 144±136d in 2021(P=0.09),whereas waitlisting time before the pandemic was 43±44.5 versus 39±41.8d in 2021(P=0.13).CONCLUSION:Despite North America’s strictest pandemic restrictions,limited negative impact is observed on waitlisting delays and the severity of glaucoma cases presenting at our center.A larger subset of patients is treated with oral medications indicating a possible increase in advanced glaucoma.展开更多
Spinal cord injury(SCI)interrupts the flow of information between the brain and the spinal cord,thus leading to a loss of sensory information and motor paralysis of the body below the lesion.Surprisingly,most SCIs are...Spinal cord injury(SCI)interrupts the flow of information between the brain and the spinal cord,thus leading to a loss of sensory information and motor paralysis of the body below the lesion.Surprisingly,most SCIs are incomplete and spare supraspinal pathways,especially those located within the peripheral white matter of the spinal cord,which includes reticulospinal pathways originating from the medullary reticular formation.Whereas there is abundant literature about the motor cortex,its corticospinal pathway,and its capacity to modulate functional recovery after SCI,less is known about the medullary reticular formation and its reticulospinal pathway.展开更多
The Department of Surgery at Laval University has been a key player in the development of Canada-China cooperation since the 1980s.The projects initiated and developed by Jean Couture and Guojin Liu to address cancer ...The Department of Surgery at Laval University has been a key player in the development of Canada-China cooperation since the 1980s.The projects initiated and developed by Jean Couture and Guojin Liu to address cancer issues,and specifically breast cancer,were heralded as outstanding successes.In the meantime,the Department of Surgery at Laval University trained numerous Chinese scholars,students,and post-doctoral fellows who became leaders in their fields of expertise.A few of these scholars and students settled in Canada,but the vast majority returned home.Since 2007,a highly specialized research program related to surgical implants with the College of Textiles at Donghua University has been opening new avenues in medical textiles to develop expertise through student training,to launch bridges between textile engineers and clinicians,and to provide the industry with a unique expertise.The final goal is to improve the accessibility and affordability of health care delivery in both Canada and China.China is now a key player in related research and no longer requires foreign assistance.Since it can easily find multiple partners,Canada must be alert to building on its legacy and maintaining its privileged position.China is now a place for Canadian champions.展开更多
Effective forest regeneration is essential for sustainable forestry practices.In Sweden,mechanical site preparation and manual planting is the dominating method,but sourcing labour for the physically demanding work is...Effective forest regeneration is essential for sustainable forestry practices.In Sweden,mechanical site preparation and manual planting is the dominating method,but sourcing labour for the physically demanding work is difficult.An autonomous scarifying and planting system(Autoplant)could meet the requirements of the forest industry and,for this,a tool for regeneration planning and routing is needed.The tool,Pathfinder,plans the regeneration and routes based on the harvested production(hpr)files,soil moisture and parent material maps,no-go areas(for culture or nature conservation),digital elevation models(DEM),and machine data(e.g.,working width,critical slope,time taken for different turn angles).The overall planting solution is either a set of capacity constrained routes or a continuous route and could be used for any planting machine as well as for traditional scarifiers as disc trenchers or mounders pulled by forwarders.Pathfinder was tested on eleven regeneration areas throughout Sweden,both with continuous routes and routes based on a carrying capacity of 1500 seedlings.The net operation area,species and seedling density suggestions were deemed relevant by expert judgement in the field.The routes provided by Pathfinder were compared with solutions given by two experienced drivers and a third solution based on the actual soil scarification at the site.Total driving distance did not differ significantly between the suggestions,but Pathfinder included less side-slope driving on steep slopes(≥27%or 15°)and medium slopes(15–27%).The chosen threshold value for steep slopes(where side-slope driving should be avoided)affects the routing,and a lower threshold means more turning and longer driving distance.Pathfinder is not only a tool for routing of planting machines,but also helps in planning of traditional regeneration by providing a more correct net area and tree species suggestions based on the growth of the previous stand.It also diminishes the risk of severe soil disturbance by excluding the wettest area in the planning.展开更多
There are limited biosecurity measures directed at preventing airborne transmission of viruses in swine.The effectiveness of dust mitigation strategies such as oil sprinkling,to decrease risk of airborne virus transmi...There are limited biosecurity measures directed at preventing airborne transmission of viruses in swine.The effectiveness of dust mitigation strategies such as oil sprinkling,to decrease risk of airborne virus transmission are unknown.Metagenomics and qPCR for common fecal viruses were used to hunt for a ubiquitous virus to serve as a proxy when evaluating the efficiency of mitigation strategies against airborne viral infectious agents.Air particles were collected from swine buildings using high-volume air samplers.Extracted DNA and RNA were used to perform specific RT-qPCR and qPCR and analyzed by highthroughput sequencing.Porcine astroviruses group 2 were common(from 102 to 105 genomic copies per cubic meter of air or gc/m^(3),93%positivity)while no norovirus genogroup II was recovered from air samples.Porcine torque teno sus virus were detected by qPCR in low concentrations(from 101 to 102 gc/m^(3),47%positivity).Among the identified viral families by metagenomics analysis,Herelleviridae,Microviridae,Myoviridae,Podoviridae,and Siphoviridae were dominant.The phage vB_AviM_AVP of Aerococcus was present in all air samples and a newly designed qPCR revealed between 101 and 105 gc/m^(3) among the samples taken for the present study(97%positivity)and banked samples from5-and 15-year old studies(89%positivity).According to the present study,both the porcine astrovirus group 2 and the phage vB_AviM_AVP of Aerococcus could be proxy for airborne viruses of swine buildings.展开更多
Objectives:Glioblastoma(GB)is a grade IV glial tumor characterized by high malignancy and dismal prognosis,primarily due to high recurrence rates and therapeutic resistance.The epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),a...Objectives:Glioblastoma(GB)is a grade IV glial tumor characterized by high malignancy and dismal prognosis,primarily due to high recurrence rates and therapeutic resistance.The epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),a receptor tyrosine kinase(RTK),regulates signaling pathways,including cell growth,proliferation,survival,migration,and cell death.Many cancers utilize immune checkpoints(ICs)to attenuate immune responses.CD73 is an enzyme that functions as an IC by hydrolyzing AMP to adenosine,suppressing immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.However,the role of CD73 in resistance to EGFR inhibitors is poorly understood.This study aims to elucidate the resistance mechanisms induced by anti-EGFR treatment and to evaluate an anti-CD73 approach to overcome resistance mediated by anti-EGFR monotherapy.Methods:The U251 GB cell line was treated with AG1478,an EGFR inhibitor,and the resistance markers MRP-1,PD-L1,and CD73 were evaluated using flow cytometry.Additionally,we assessed the combination effects of AG1478 and APCP(an EGFR and a CD73 inhibitor,respectively)on cell cycle progression,proliferation,apoptosis,and migration in vitro.Results:We observed high EGFR,PD-L1,and CD73 expression in human GB cells.The treatment with AG1478 increased the expression of resistance markers MRP-1,PD-L1,and CD73,whereas it decreased CTLA-4.The combination of AG1478 and APCP did not alter proliferation or apoptosis but interfered with cell cycling,arresting the cells in the G1 phase,decreasing cell motility and partially reversing MRP-1 overexpression.Conclusion:In summary,our findings indicate that CD73 inhibition has a modest effect in overcoming resistance to EGFR monotherapy in vitro.Thus,further in vivo studies are needed,as the inhibition of both EGFR and CD73 affects cells in the tumor microenvironment and could potentially enhance anti-tumor immunity.展开更多
Keloid scars and epidermoid cysts present unique challenges in plastic surgery,often requiring distinct diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.Keloid scars result from dysregulated wound healing characterized by collag...Keloid scars and epidermoid cysts present unique challenges in plastic surgery,often requiring distinct diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.Keloid scars result from dysregulated wound healing characterized by collagen overproduction and inflammatory states.In contrast,epidermoid cysts are cutaneous lesions lined with keratinized epithelium,with the rare complication of development into squamous cell carcinoma.A rare clinical dilemma is when epidermoid cysts arise within keloidal scar tissue.In this case,effective management involves meticulous diagnostic approaches,including ultrasonography and histopathological examination,to identify coexisting cysts within scar tissue.In the few studies reporting this rare occurrence,various treatment protocols exist consisting of various combinations of surgical excision,intralesional corticosteroid injections,chemotherapeutic agents,laser therapy,radiotherapy,isotretinoin,and tranilast.As advancements in the comprehension and treatment of epidermoid cysts within keloid scars progress,customized therapeutic approaches provide promise for enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.展开更多
Androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)can negatively affect sexual function,and only a minority of patients report sexual activity.We reviewed the existing literature regarding the proportion of men who remained sexually a...Androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)can negatively affect sexual function,and only a minority of patients report sexual activity.We reviewed the existing literature regarding the proportion of men who remained sexually active during and after ADT.The PubMed database was searched for studies published over the past 20 years.We selected and reviewed randomized clinical trials that provided sexual function data at baseline and during and after ADT.The primary outcome measure was the sexual function.Studies assessed sexual function using quality of life patient-reported outcome measures,which included sexual potency/activity evaluation.Information from 2947 patients was analyzed in this review.The median age of patients was 70 years.At baseline,a median of 49.9%(95%confidence interval[Cl]:49.1%-50.7%)of the patients reported being sexually active.At 6 months,12 months,and 2 years or later of ADT treatment,a median of 10.3%(95%Cl:10.2%-10.5%),8.9%(95%Cl:8.6%-9.2%),and 8.3%(95%Cl:8.2%-8.5%)of the patients reported being sexually active,respectively.Considering that half of the patients were sexually active at baseline,it seems probable that more than 10%of the patients who were sexually active before starting ADT remained sexually active when undergoing ADT.In conclusion,despite the common belief that ADT eliminates sexual activity,this analysis found that approximately 1 in 10 men are sexually active when on ADT,and this proportion is likely increased in men who are sexually active before starting ADT.Attention to sexual activity should not be dismissed in men on ADT.展开更多
The incidence of new-onset cardiac conduction disturbances following transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)has not decreased compared to other complications,and nowadays is by far the most frequent drawback fol...The incidence of new-onset cardiac conduction disturbances following transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)has not decreased compared to other complications,and nowadays is by far the most frequent drawback following the procedure.Meanwhile,the global management of TAVI recipients has led to a minimalist approach with short postprocedural length of stay,which may be limited by the occurrence of late arrhythmic events in patients at high-risk.This review focuses on those strategies to overcome the conundrum between early discharge and new-onset conduction disturbances in elderly TAVI candidates and provides a perspective on future improvements in this field.展开更多
The application of different coatings on solar photovoltaic(PV)panels can be an efficient solution to increase performance and further mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases.This study uses the Life Cycle Assessmen...The application of different coatings on solar photovoltaic(PV)panels can be an efficient solution to increase performance and further mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases.This study uses the Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)methodology and the environmental payback concept to analyze the effects of the application of a nano-silica coating on a solar PV system installed in the Brazilian Northeast.Firstly,an uncoated reference 16.4 MW PV system is designed,and the detailed inventory is presented(PV panels,supporting structure,inverters,junction boxes,cables,transportation,maintenance and operation-including the replacement of equipment).The results of the LCA quantify the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the PV system.Electricity production is estimated by technical and local climate data.Subsequently,the environmental payback time of the system is calculated,which is the time required for the PV system to offset the emissions associated with system manufacturing,operation,and disposal.This is the first Brazilian study to verify the effects of a self-cleaning coating on a solar PV system throughout its lifetime,compared to the uncoated(reference system).The original photovoltaic system emitted 22,534,773 kg CO_(2)-eq,with an environmental payback of 5 years and 1 day.When the self-cleaning coating is applied,the emissions are 21,511,317 kg CO_(2)-eq(almost 5%lower)with a payback of 4 years,1 month and 26 days.The application of self-cleaning coatings reduces the required area for installation(due to increased efficiency),and not only reduces emissions but is also aligned with global sustainability targets and contributes to the concept of sustainable and intelligent cities.展开更多
Additive manufacturing (AM) of zinc-based biodegradable materials is a hot research topic,especially for bone-scaffold applications,because of the moderate degradation rate,good biocompatibility,and suitable mechanica...Additive manufacturing (AM) of zinc-based biodegradable materials is a hot research topic,especially for bone-scaffold applications,because of the moderate degradation rate,good biocompatibility,and suitable mechanical properties of these materials.Furthermore,AM enables the fabrication of complex internal structures suitable for implants.Literature on the AM of degradable zinc-based biomaterials from the Web of Science Core Collection was evaluated in this review.The bibliometric tool CiteSpace was used to analyze historical characteristics,evolving research topics,and emerging trends in this field.Our research results predict that the composition,processing techniques,in vitro biocompatibility,and manufacturing quality of biodegradable AM zinc-basedmaterials will continue to be hot topics in recent years.To address implant requirements,particularly for bone-repair materials,the mechanical properties of materials (including the resistance to degradation,creep,and aging),degradation rates,in-vivo biocompatibility,and specialized processing techniques that affect these properties (such as coating processes,heat treatments,material surface structures,and micros truc tural compositions) will become hot research topics in the future.We propose future research directions based on an in-depth analysis of four main topics of AM biodegradable zinc-based materials (manufacturing quality,material composition,unit configuration,and biocompatibility).The findings provide important guidance for future theoretical research and industrial development of AM zinc-based biomaterials.展开更多
Background: Prematurely-born individuals tend to exhibit higher resting oxidative stress, although evidence suggests they may be more resistant to acute hypoxia-induced redox balance alterations. We aimed to investiga...Background: Prematurely-born individuals tend to exhibit higher resting oxidative stress, although evidence suggests they may be more resistant to acute hypoxia-induced redox balance alterations. We aimed to investigate the redox balance changes across a 3-day hypobaric hypoxic exposure at 3375 m in healthy adults born preterm(gestational age ≤ 32 weeks) and their term-born(gestational age ≥ 38 weeks)counterparts.Methods: Resting venous blood was obtained in normoxia(prior to altitude exposure), immediately upon arrival to altitude, and the following 3mornings. Antioxidant(superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase(GPx), and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP)),pro-oxidant(xanthine oxidase(XO) and myeloperoxidase(MPO)) enzyme activity, oxidative stress markers(advanced oxidation protein product(AOPP) and malondialdehyde(MDA)), nitric oxide(NO) metabolites(nitrites, nitrates, and total nitrite and nitrate(NOx)), and nitrotyrosine were measured in plasma.Results: SOD increased only in the preterm group(p < 0.05). Catalase increased at arrival in preterm group(p < 0.05). XO activity increased at Day 3 for the preterm group, while it increased acutely(arrival and Day 1) in control group. MPO increased in both groups throughout the3 days(p < 0.05). AOPP only increased at arrival in the preterm(p < 0.05) whereas it decreased at arrival up to Day 3(p < 0.05) for control.MDA decreased in control group from arrival onward. Nitrotyrosine decreased in both groups(p < 0.05). Nitrites increased on Day 3(p < 0.05)in control group and decreased on Day 1(p < 0.05) in preterm group.Conclusion: These data indicate that antioxidant enzymes seem to increase immediately upon hypoxic exposure in preterm adults. Conversely, the blunted pro-oxidant enzyme response to prolonged hypoxia exposure suggests that these enzymes may be less sensitive in preterm individuals.These findings lend further support to the potential hypoxic preconditioning effect of preterm birth.展开更多
基金supported by funding from Parkinson Canadafunded by a scholarship from Parkinson Canadaa scholarship from Fonds d’Enseignement et de Recherche (FER) (Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval)
文摘There is a need to develop interventions to slow or reverse the degeneration of dopamine neurons in Parkinson’s disease after diagnosis.Given that preclinical and clinical studies suggest benefits of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,such as docosahexaenoic acid,and exercise in Parkinson’s disease,we investigated whether both could synergistically interact to induce recovery of the dopaminergic pathway.First,mice received a unilateral stereotactic injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the striatum to establish an animal model of nigrostriatal denervation.Four weeks after lesion,animals were fed a docosahexaenoic acid-enriched or a control diet for the next 8 weeks.During this period,the animals had access to a running wheel,which they could use or not.Docosahexaenoic acid treatment,voluntary exercise,or the combination of both had no effect on(i)distance traveled in the open field test,(ii)the percentage of contraversive rotations in the apomorphine-induction test or(iii)the number of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta.However,the docosahexaenoic acid diet increased the number of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive terminals and induced a rise in dopamine concentrations in the lesioned striatum.Compared to docosahexaenoic acid treatment or exercise alone,the combination of docosahexaenoic acid and exercise(i)improved forelimb balance in the stepping test,(ii)decreased the striatal DOPAC/dopamine ratio and(iii)led to increased dopamine transporter levels in the lesioned striatum.The present results suggest that the combination of exercise and docosahexaenoic acid may act synergistically in the striatum of mice with a unilateral lesion of the dopaminergic system and provide support for clinical trials combining nutrition and physical exercise in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
基金supported by the National Centre for the Replacement Refinement & Reduction of Animals in Research Crack It solution “Neuroinflammation and nociception in a dish”(https://nc3rs.org.uk/crackit/news/new-solutionneuroinflammation-and-nociception-dish) fund(to AM)。
文摘Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are multipotent adult stem cells of mesodermal origin that can be isolated from various tissues,including bone marrow,tooth pulp,adipose tissue,and umbilical cord.MSCs have gained significant attention in regenerative medicine due to their ability to modulate the immune system and favor tissue repair.MSCs enrich the medium in which they are cultivated with a broad range of bioactive molecules,including growth factors,cytokines,chemokines,enzymes,nucleic acids,and extracellular vesicles that collectively compose the MSC secretome.An increasing number of pre-clinical studies suggest that delivering in vivo an MSC-conditioned medium(i.e.,the medium collected from MSC cultures after at least 3 days of exposure)exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of neurological conditions.
文摘BACKGROUND Precision medicine is an emerging field that includes tumor-targeted delivery and tumor microenvironment.This review explores the synergistic potential of combining nano-drug delivery systems with low radiation doses to achieve optimized therapeutic outcomes,particularly in the context of cancer treatment.Nanoparticle-based drug carriers offer precise and targeted delivery,enhancing the therapeutic index of anticancer agents.The use of lower radiation doses has become a focus in radiation oncology to minimize off-target effects on healthy tissues in palliation treatment with high-target volume lesions.AIM To conduct a bibliometric review of nanomedicine and glioblastoma(GBM),all relevant studies from the last two decades were included.METHODS The search strategy comprised the keywords“nanomedicine”and“glioblastoma”in the title and/or abstract.All English-language documents from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2023 were considered for the analysis.R code(version 4.2.0)with R Studio(version 2022.12.0-353)and the Bibliometrix package(version 4.0.1)were used for the analysis.A total of 680 documents were collected.RESULTS We analyzed the bibliometric features of nanomedicine in glioma.With the limitations of the research,our analysis aims to highlight the increasing interest of researchers in the precision medicine field in GBM treatment and lead us to suggest further studies focusing on the association between nanomedicine and radiotherapy.CONCLUSION Due to the poor prognosis associated with GBM,new therapeutic approaches are necessary.There is an increasing interest in precision medicine,which includes nanomedicine and radiotherapy,for GBM treatment.This integration enhances the efficacy of targeted treatments and provides a promising avenue for reducing adverse effects,signifying a notable advancement in precision oncology.
基金the Canadian Institutes of Health Research(CIHR),Grant/Award Number:PJT-175016the Fonds de recherche du Québec(FRQ)through the research centre grant for the CHU de Québec-UniversitéLaval Research Center,Grant/Award Number:30641+2 种基金the Quebec Cell,Tissue and Gene Therapy Network—ThéCellthe FRQS,the Fondation du CHU de Québec-UniversitéLavalNeuro Québec。
文摘Background:The absence of well-established immunosuppressed rabbit models poses a significant hurdle in xenograft experiments.Tacrolimus has been identified as a highly promising immunosuppressive agent for rabbits.However,determining the optimal dosage and route of administration to minimize toxicity while maintaining efficacy remains challenging.Methods:In this study,we investigated the effect of orally administered tacrolimus in rabbits,with an aim to achieve a whole blood target trough level of 3-10 ng/m L,and looked at signs of tissue rejection after the transplantation of a human nerve conduit to repair a severed fibular nerve.An oral dosage range of 0.25-1.5 mg/kg/d was studied for up to 1 year in 63 New Zealand rabbits.Results:We demonstrated the feasibility of long-term grafting in rabbits while maintaining safe immunosuppression,with side effects mainly limited to diarrhea.Customizing the administered dose proved crucial for graft efficacy and low toxicity,which translated into 100%individual survival.We suggest an oral tacrolimus dose of 1.0-1.5 mg/kg depending on individual heterogeneity and recommend to implement a close therapeutic drug monitoring in the rabbits to maintain a whole blood tacrolimus trough level within the range of 5-12 ng/m L,as levels below 5 ng/m L showed signs of inflammation in the graft.Conclusion:The oral administration of tacrolimus enabled efficient immunosuppression of rabbits over a 1-year period without significant side effects or loss of animals.
基金supported by a grant from the Research Ceater of the Quebec City University Hospital Center,Laval University(No.85466).
文摘We aimed to assess the occlusive effectiveness of open-ended vasectomy with mucosal cautery and fascial interposition and to determine the factors associated with occlusion failure.We studied all vasectomies performed between September 1,2020,and August 31,2021,by four vasectomy surgeons from Quebec City,Quebec,Canada.Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were extracted from the electronic medical records.Occlusive effectiveness was assessed in all men with at least one postvasectomy semen analysis(PVSA).The effectiveness criteria were adapted from those of the American Urological Association(AUA)vasectomy guideline.Among the 4000 eligible vasectomies,2242(56.1%)were followed by at least one PVSA,with 99(4.4%)requiring more than one PVSA.Occlusive effectiveness was achieved in 2233 vasectomies(99.6%;95%confidence interval[CI]:99.3%-99.8%),with 2199(98.1%)and 34(1.5%)classified as confirmed and probable success,respectively.The final status of the three vasectomies(0.1%)was indeterminate.Occlusive failure was observed in six vasectomies(0.3%;95%CI:0.1%-0.6%).The four surgeons had a similar risk of failure.The only significant factor associated with failure was the difficulty in performing the vas occlusion reported by the surgeon(7.4%[2/27]vs 0.2%[4/2212];relative risk=41.0;95%CI:7.8-214.2).The high occlusive effectiveness observed in our study validates AUA recommendations,supporting the use of this technique.Difficulty in occlusion of the vas deferens,as reported by surgeons,was the only factor associated with vasectomy failure.This finding highlights the need for PVSA in such cases.
基金the financial contribution of the Groupe de Recherche En Médecine d’Urgence du CHUL (GREMUC)which is the local emergency department research group。
文摘Febrile infants are at greater risk of invasive bacterial infections (IBI),which include bacterial meningitis and bacteremia.Although bacterial meningitis is uncommon,^([1-2])it remains a concern for clinicians treating infants younger than 90 d.Guidelines for investigating fever without a source(meaning without an apparent source of infection,or of nonobvious origin) are numerous around the world but remain conflicting,particularly on whether to perform a lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis in infants older than 22 d and hence at lower risk than younger infants.
基金funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)for financial support,Grant Nos.CG125664 and GF136078.
文摘In this study,two series of foams based on tannic acid(TA),furfuryl alcohol(FA),soybean protein isolate(SPI),and casein(CA),namely TA–FA–SPI(TS series)and TA–FA–CA(TC series)were developed,and their properties were enhanced by adding poplar fibers(WF).From the samples produced,a complete set of characterization was performed including possible crosslinking reactions,morphology,mechanical properties,flame retardancy,thermal insulation and thermal stability.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)revealed possible covalent crosslinking among the components and hydrogen bonding between WF and the matrix.Viscosity results indicated that lower prepolymer viscosity led to lower apparent density,while WF addition reduced even more the density.Mechanical tests showed that the maximum compressive strengths were good,while WF improved the compressive strength by up to 56%.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)showed uniform cell structures,but small open pores were observed.Two-dimensional(2D)CT scan images confirmed the good compatibility between WF and the matrix,with low anisotropy in the material.Friability tests indicated that WF decreased the pulverization ratio of the materials by up to 42%.Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)showed good thermal stability of the materials up to 328°C.Vertical burning tests showed that the materials were self-extinguishing without residue(dripping).The lowest thermal conductivity was 0.04 W/m·K.These results suggest that these novel formaldehyde-free,high biomass content(95%–96%)foams and composite foams have high potential to replace traditional phenolic foams(PF)in applications such as construction,transportation,packaging,and thermal insulation.
文摘AIM:To assess the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic on the wait times and severity of surgical glaucoma cases in a single tertiary referral center in Quebec,Canada.METHODS:Preoperative severity data included mean visual field(VF)deficit,intraocular pressure(IOP),the number of topical glaucoma medication classes,and preoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA).The times from referral to procedure(referral time)and from listing date to procedure(waitlisting time)were calculated.RESULTS:This retrospective cohort study involved 181 eyes of patients undergoing glaucoma surgery from March 1 to June 30,2019(pre-pandemic period),and 201 eyes in the same timeframe in 2021(pandemic period)at Saint-Sacrement Hospital in Quebec City.There was no significant difference in the severity data of surgical glaucoma across both periods(VF deficit:P=0.48;IOP:P=0.14;BCVA:P=0.24;topical medication classes:P=0.27).The number of patients referred with oral glaucoma medication increased slightly from 45 to 70 in 2019 and 2021 respectively(P=0.08).Delay data were also comparable.Mean referral time was 122±120d in 2019 versus 144±136d in 2021(P=0.09),whereas waitlisting time before the pandemic was 43±44.5 versus 39±41.8d in 2021(P=0.13).CONCLUSION:Despite North America’s strictest pandemic restrictions,limited negative impact is observed on waitlisting delays and the severity of glaucoma cases presenting at our center.A larger subset of patients is treated with oral medications indicating a possible increase in advanced glaucoma.
基金supported by Craig H.Neilsen Foundation,Wings for Life Foundation,Canadian Institutes of Health Research,and Fonds de Recherche Québec-Santé(to FB).
文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI)interrupts the flow of information between the brain and the spinal cord,thus leading to a loss of sensory information and motor paralysis of the body below the lesion.Surprisingly,most SCIs are incomplete and spare supraspinal pathways,especially those located within the peripheral white matter of the spinal cord,which includes reticulospinal pathways originating from the medullary reticular formation.Whereas there is abundant literature about the motor cortex,its corticospinal pathway,and its capacity to modulate functional recovery after SCI,less is known about the medullary reticular formation and its reticulospinal pathway.
文摘The Department of Surgery at Laval University has been a key player in the development of Canada-China cooperation since the 1980s.The projects initiated and developed by Jean Couture and Guojin Liu to address cancer issues,and specifically breast cancer,were heralded as outstanding successes.In the meantime,the Department of Surgery at Laval University trained numerous Chinese scholars,students,and post-doctoral fellows who became leaders in their fields of expertise.A few of these scholars and students settled in Canada,but the vast majority returned home.Since 2007,a highly specialized research program related to surgical implants with the College of Textiles at Donghua University has been opening new avenues in medical textiles to develop expertise through student training,to launch bridges between textile engineers and clinicians,and to provide the industry with a unique expertise.The final goal is to improve the accessibility and affordability of health care delivery in both Canada and China.China is now a key player in related research and no longer requires foreign assistance.Since it can easily find multiple partners,Canada must be alert to building on its legacy and maintaining its privileged position.China is now a place for Canadian champions.
基金funded by Vinnova,the Swedish Innovation Agency as a part of the Autoplant project(Dnr 2020-04202 and 2023-02747).
文摘Effective forest regeneration is essential for sustainable forestry practices.In Sweden,mechanical site preparation and manual planting is the dominating method,but sourcing labour for the physically demanding work is difficult.An autonomous scarifying and planting system(Autoplant)could meet the requirements of the forest industry and,for this,a tool for regeneration planning and routing is needed.The tool,Pathfinder,plans the regeneration and routes based on the harvested production(hpr)files,soil moisture and parent material maps,no-go areas(for culture or nature conservation),digital elevation models(DEM),and machine data(e.g.,working width,critical slope,time taken for different turn angles).The overall planting solution is either a set of capacity constrained routes or a continuous route and could be used for any planting machine as well as for traditional scarifiers as disc trenchers or mounders pulled by forwarders.Pathfinder was tested on eleven regeneration areas throughout Sweden,both with continuous routes and routes based on a carrying capacity of 1500 seedlings.The net operation area,species and seedling density suggestions were deemed relevant by expert judgement in the field.The routes provided by Pathfinder were compared with solutions given by two experienced drivers and a third solution based on the actual soil scarification at the site.Total driving distance did not differ significantly between the suggestions,but Pathfinder included less side-slope driving on steep slopes(≥27%or 15°)and medium slopes(15–27%).The chosen threshold value for steep slopes(where side-slope driving should be avoided)affects the routing,and a lower threshold means more turning and longer driving distance.Pathfinder is not only a tool for routing of planting machines,but also helps in planning of traditional regeneration by providing a more correct net area and tree species suggestions based on the growth of the previous stand.It also diminishes the risk of severe soil disturbance by excluding the wettest area in the planning.
文摘There are limited biosecurity measures directed at preventing airborne transmission of viruses in swine.The effectiveness of dust mitigation strategies such as oil sprinkling,to decrease risk of airborne virus transmission are unknown.Metagenomics and qPCR for common fecal viruses were used to hunt for a ubiquitous virus to serve as a proxy when evaluating the efficiency of mitigation strategies against airborne viral infectious agents.Air particles were collected from swine buildings using high-volume air samplers.Extracted DNA and RNA were used to perform specific RT-qPCR and qPCR and analyzed by highthroughput sequencing.Porcine astroviruses group 2 were common(from 102 to 105 genomic copies per cubic meter of air or gc/m^(3),93%positivity)while no norovirus genogroup II was recovered from air samples.Porcine torque teno sus virus were detected by qPCR in low concentrations(from 101 to 102 gc/m^(3),47%positivity).Among the identified viral families by metagenomics analysis,Herelleviridae,Microviridae,Myoviridae,Podoviridae,and Siphoviridae were dominant.The phage vB_AviM_AVP of Aerococcus was present in all air samples and a newly designed qPCR revealed between 101 and 105 gc/m^(3) among the samples taken for the present study(97%positivity)and banked samples from5-and 15-year old studies(89%positivity).According to the present study,both the porcine astrovirus group 2 and the phage vB_AviM_AVP of Aerococcus could be proxy for airborne viruses of swine buildings.
基金supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq,n°406035/2021-0 and PQ n°311580/2021-1,FigueiróF)Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia-INCT/CNPq/CAPES/FAPERGS Grant no.465671/2014-4Jean Sévigny received support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC,RGPIN-2023-05498).
文摘Objectives:Glioblastoma(GB)is a grade IV glial tumor characterized by high malignancy and dismal prognosis,primarily due to high recurrence rates and therapeutic resistance.The epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),a receptor tyrosine kinase(RTK),regulates signaling pathways,including cell growth,proliferation,survival,migration,and cell death.Many cancers utilize immune checkpoints(ICs)to attenuate immune responses.CD73 is an enzyme that functions as an IC by hydrolyzing AMP to adenosine,suppressing immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.However,the role of CD73 in resistance to EGFR inhibitors is poorly understood.This study aims to elucidate the resistance mechanisms induced by anti-EGFR treatment and to evaluate an anti-CD73 approach to overcome resistance mediated by anti-EGFR monotherapy.Methods:The U251 GB cell line was treated with AG1478,an EGFR inhibitor,and the resistance markers MRP-1,PD-L1,and CD73 were evaluated using flow cytometry.Additionally,we assessed the combination effects of AG1478 and APCP(an EGFR and a CD73 inhibitor,respectively)on cell cycle progression,proliferation,apoptosis,and migration in vitro.Results:We observed high EGFR,PD-L1,and CD73 expression in human GB cells.The treatment with AG1478 increased the expression of resistance markers MRP-1,PD-L1,and CD73,whereas it decreased CTLA-4.The combination of AG1478 and APCP did not alter proliferation or apoptosis but interfered with cell cycling,arresting the cells in the G1 phase,decreasing cell motility and partially reversing MRP-1 overexpression.Conclusion:In summary,our findings indicate that CD73 inhibition has a modest effect in overcoming resistance to EGFR monotherapy in vitro.Thus,further in vivo studies are needed,as the inhibition of both EGFR and CD73 affects cells in the tumor microenvironment and could potentially enhance anti-tumor immunity.
文摘Keloid scars and epidermoid cysts present unique challenges in plastic surgery,often requiring distinct diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.Keloid scars result from dysregulated wound healing characterized by collagen overproduction and inflammatory states.In contrast,epidermoid cysts are cutaneous lesions lined with keratinized epithelium,with the rare complication of development into squamous cell carcinoma.A rare clinical dilemma is when epidermoid cysts arise within keloidal scar tissue.In this case,effective management involves meticulous diagnostic approaches,including ultrasonography and histopathological examination,to identify coexisting cysts within scar tissue.In the few studies reporting this rare occurrence,various treatment protocols exist consisting of various combinations of surgical excision,intralesional corticosteroid injections,chemotherapeutic agents,laser therapy,radiotherapy,isotretinoin,and tranilast.As advancements in the comprehension and treatment of epidermoid cysts within keloid scars progress,customized therapeutic approaches provide promise for enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.
文摘Androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)can negatively affect sexual function,and only a minority of patients report sexual activity.We reviewed the existing literature regarding the proportion of men who remained sexually active during and after ADT.The PubMed database was searched for studies published over the past 20 years.We selected and reviewed randomized clinical trials that provided sexual function data at baseline and during and after ADT.The primary outcome measure was the sexual function.Studies assessed sexual function using quality of life patient-reported outcome measures,which included sexual potency/activity evaluation.Information from 2947 patients was analyzed in this review.The median age of patients was 70 years.At baseline,a median of 49.9%(95%confidence interval[Cl]:49.1%-50.7%)of the patients reported being sexually active.At 6 months,12 months,and 2 years or later of ADT treatment,a median of 10.3%(95%Cl:10.2%-10.5%),8.9%(95%Cl:8.6%-9.2%),and 8.3%(95%Cl:8.2%-8.5%)of the patients reported being sexually active,respectively.Considering that half of the patients were sexually active at baseline,it seems probable that more than 10%of the patients who were sexually active before starting ADT remained sexually active when undergoing ADT.In conclusion,despite the common belief that ADT eliminates sexual activity,this analysis found that approximately 1 in 10 men are sexually active when on ADT,and this proportion is likely increased in men who are sexually active before starting ADT.Attention to sexual activity should not be dismissed in men on ADT.
文摘The incidence of new-onset cardiac conduction disturbances following transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)has not decreased compared to other complications,and nowadays is by far the most frequent drawback following the procedure.Meanwhile,the global management of TAVI recipients has led to a minimalist approach with short postprocedural length of stay,which may be limited by the occurrence of late arrhythmic events in patients at high-risk.This review focuses on those strategies to overcome the conundrum between early discharge and new-onset conduction disturbances in elderly TAVI candidates and provides a perspective on future improvements in this field.
基金support of the Paraíba State Research Foundation(FAPESQ)(call No.09/2021)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq Productivity Grants 309452/2021-0,308753/2021-6)+1 种基金Scientific Initiation Scholarships(PIBIC)within the Federal University of Paraíba(UFPB)Silvia Guillén Lambea thanks Grant RYC2021-034265-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by“European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR”。
文摘The application of different coatings on solar photovoltaic(PV)panels can be an efficient solution to increase performance and further mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases.This study uses the Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)methodology and the environmental payback concept to analyze the effects of the application of a nano-silica coating on a solar PV system installed in the Brazilian Northeast.Firstly,an uncoated reference 16.4 MW PV system is designed,and the detailed inventory is presented(PV panels,supporting structure,inverters,junction boxes,cables,transportation,maintenance and operation-including the replacement of equipment).The results of the LCA quantify the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the PV system.Electricity production is estimated by technical and local climate data.Subsequently,the environmental payback time of the system is calculated,which is the time required for the PV system to offset the emissions associated with system manufacturing,operation,and disposal.This is the first Brazilian study to verify the effects of a self-cleaning coating on a solar PV system throughout its lifetime,compared to the uncoated(reference system).The original photovoltaic system emitted 22,534,773 kg CO_(2)-eq,with an environmental payback of 5 years and 1 day.When the self-cleaning coating is applied,the emissions are 21,511,317 kg CO_(2)-eq(almost 5%lower)with a payback of 4 years,1 month and 26 days.The application of self-cleaning coatings reduces the required area for installation(due to increased efficiency),and not only reduces emissions but is also aligned with global sustainability targets and contributes to the concept of sustainable and intelligent cities.
基金financially supported by grants from the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB3810100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32471366,12302406,82270535)+2 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Project of JinFeng LaboratoryChongqingChina(No.jfkyjf202203001)
文摘Additive manufacturing (AM) of zinc-based biodegradable materials is a hot research topic,especially for bone-scaffold applications,because of the moderate degradation rate,good biocompatibility,and suitable mechanical properties of these materials.Furthermore,AM enables the fabrication of complex internal structures suitable for implants.Literature on the AM of degradable zinc-based biomaterials from the Web of Science Core Collection was evaluated in this review.The bibliometric tool CiteSpace was used to analyze historical characteristics,evolving research topics,and emerging trends in this field.Our research results predict that the composition,processing techniques,in vitro biocompatibility,and manufacturing quality of biodegradable AM zinc-basedmaterials will continue to be hot topics in recent years.To address implant requirements,particularly for bone-repair materials,the mechanical properties of materials (including the resistance to degradation,creep,and aging),degradation rates,in-vivo biocompatibility,and specialized processing techniques that affect these properties (such as coating processes,heat treatments,material surface structures,and micros truc tural compositions) will become hot research topics in the future.We propose future research directions based on an in-depth analysis of four main topics of AM biodegradable zinc-based materials (manufacturing quality,material composition,unit configuration,and biocompatibility).The findings provide important guidance for future theoretical research and industrial development of AM zinc-based biomaterials.
基金funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation(SNSF Grant No.320030L_192073 to GM)the Slovenian Research Agency(ARRS Grant No.N5-0152 to TD).
文摘Background: Prematurely-born individuals tend to exhibit higher resting oxidative stress, although evidence suggests they may be more resistant to acute hypoxia-induced redox balance alterations. We aimed to investigate the redox balance changes across a 3-day hypobaric hypoxic exposure at 3375 m in healthy adults born preterm(gestational age ≤ 32 weeks) and their term-born(gestational age ≥ 38 weeks)counterparts.Methods: Resting venous blood was obtained in normoxia(prior to altitude exposure), immediately upon arrival to altitude, and the following 3mornings. Antioxidant(superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase(GPx), and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP)),pro-oxidant(xanthine oxidase(XO) and myeloperoxidase(MPO)) enzyme activity, oxidative stress markers(advanced oxidation protein product(AOPP) and malondialdehyde(MDA)), nitric oxide(NO) metabolites(nitrites, nitrates, and total nitrite and nitrate(NOx)), and nitrotyrosine were measured in plasma.Results: SOD increased only in the preterm group(p < 0.05). Catalase increased at arrival in preterm group(p < 0.05). XO activity increased at Day 3 for the preterm group, while it increased acutely(arrival and Day 1) in control group. MPO increased in both groups throughout the3 days(p < 0.05). AOPP only increased at arrival in the preterm(p < 0.05) whereas it decreased at arrival up to Day 3(p < 0.05) for control.MDA decreased in control group from arrival onward. Nitrotyrosine decreased in both groups(p < 0.05). Nitrites increased on Day 3(p < 0.05)in control group and decreased on Day 1(p < 0.05) in preterm group.Conclusion: These data indicate that antioxidant enzymes seem to increase immediately upon hypoxic exposure in preterm adults. Conversely, the blunted pro-oxidant enzyme response to prolonged hypoxia exposure suggests that these enzymes may be less sensitive in preterm individuals.These findings lend further support to the potential hypoxic preconditioning effect of preterm birth.
