This paper examines how Francophone university learners of English make use of text organization strategies in their letters of complaint.Building on Connor et al(1995)Text Organization Model and Penelope Brown and Le...This paper examines how Francophone university learners of English make use of text organization strategies in their letters of complaint.Building on Connor et al(1995)Text Organization Model and Penelope Brown and Levinson(1987)Politeness theory,it was found out that these learners’scripts suffer from some text organization and politeness errors.These students face problems with their use of enclosures,buffers,addresses,complimentary close and signature.In fact,only 5(10%)of the letters had enclosures,none had buffer(00%)and 10(20%)had request for action.It was realized that though most of the letters had subjects,they were,however,wrongly placed above the salutation.As far as politeness strategy is concerned,most of the letters were void of polite language.This might be as a result of their linguistic background.We therefore suggest that to help solve the issue of linguistic interference and communicative competence,teachers teaching these students should employ the comparative and contrastive methods of language teaching highlighting the commonalities and dissimilarities between English and French grammar.展开更多
目的本文介绍了中枢听觉功能测试方法,探讨了对听觉处理障碍儿童的诊断和处理原则。方法选择3例疑似听觉处理障碍儿童作为研究案例,进行系统的听力学、教育心理学、言语病理学测试和听觉中枢处理评估。结果在随机间隔探测测试和空间噪...目的本文介绍了中枢听觉功能测试方法,探讨了对听觉处理障碍儿童的诊断和处理原则。方法选择3例疑似听觉处理障碍儿童作为研究案例,进行系统的听力学、教育心理学、言语病理学测试和听觉中枢处理评估。结果在随机间隔探测测试和空间噪音听力测试(listening in spatialized noise test,LISN^(?))中,得分低于同龄组的平均值超过5个标准差;高-提示信号的LISN测试结果显示,数值低于平均值超过2个标准差。结论中枢听觉处理测试序列说明此3例儿童存在双耳听觉处理缺陷。通过改善教室的信噪比,应用听觉闭合训练、听觉定位和辨别训练。加强语言处理技能训练,能够使这3名儿童受益。展开更多
The red seaweed Melanothamnus somalensis was investigated as potential economic source of agar. The effect of different conditions of alkali pre-treatment on chemical properties of agar was evaluated. Agar was extract...The red seaweed Melanothamnus somalensis was investigated as potential economic source of agar. The effect of different conditions of alkali pre-treatment on chemical properties of agar was evaluated. Agar was extracted by various concentrations of NaOH （4%, 6% and 8%） and heated at different temperatures （70 ℃, 75 ℃ and 80 ℃） for different durations （2 h, 2.75 h and 3.5 h）. The yields-molecular weight （Mw） and sulfate contents of extracted agar were analysed and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. The yield was significantly increased at these treatments from 23.29% to 30.86%. Mw studied by HPLC ranged from （.12.45 ± 0.21） × 10^5 to （8.60 ± 2.40） × 10^5 Da. FTIR bands show sulfate groups in C4 and C6 ofgalactose and no sulfate group were found on both C2 of galactose and C2 of 3,6-anhydrogalactose. All treatments showed a high sulfate content that ranged from 5.4% to 10.1%. These properties were found to be significantly affected by the alkali pre-treatment concentration （p 〈 0.05）. In conclusion, agar extracted in this study was considered acceptable for industrial application and the optimal conditions for extraction were found to be at 6% NaOH at 70 ℃ for 2 hours.展开更多
Aiming at the challenges associated with the absence of a labeled dataset for Yi characters and the complexity of Yi character detection and recognition,we present a deep learning-based approach for Yi character detec...Aiming at the challenges associated with the absence of a labeled dataset for Yi characters and the complexity of Yi character detection and recognition,we present a deep learning-based approach for Yi character detection and recognition.In the detection stage,an improved Differentiable Binarization Network(DBNet)framework is introduced to detect Yi characters,in which the Omni-dimensional Dynamic Convolution(ODConv)is combined with the ResNet-18 feature extraction module to obtain multi-dimensional complementary features,thereby improving the accuracy of Yi character detection.Then,the feature pyramid network fusion module is used to further extract Yi character image features,improving target recognition at different scales.Further,the previously generated feature map is passed through a head network to produce two maps:a probability map and an adaptive threshold map of the same size as the original map.These maps are then subjected to a differentiable binarization process,resulting in an approximate binarization map.This map helps to identify the boundaries of the text boxes.Finally,the text detection box is generated after the post-processing stage.In the recognition stage,an improved lightweight MobileNetV3 framework is used to recognize the detect character regions,where the original Squeeze-and-Excitation(SE)block is replaced by the efficient Shuffle Attention(SA)that integrates spatial and channel attention,improving the accuracy of Yi characters recognition.Meanwhile,the use of depth separable convolution and reversible residual structure can reduce the number of parameters and computation of the model,so that the model can better understand the contextual information and improve the accuracy of text recognition.The experimental results illustrate that the proposed method achieves good results in detecting and recognizing Yi characters,with detection and recognition accuracy rates of 97.5%and 96.8%,respectively.And also,we have compared the detection and recognition algorithms proposed in this paper with other typical algorithms.In these comparisons,the proposed model achieves better detection and recognition results with a certain reliability.展开更多
The present paper intends to argue that treatment of cultural default in literary translation can be accounted for within the relevance theory. An account of relevance theory is presented. Detailed analysis of some re...The present paper intends to argue that treatment of cultural default in literary translation can be accounted for within the relevance theory. An account of relevance theory is presented. Detailed analysis of some representative examples of translation within the relevance-theoretic framework is made. The notions in Relevance Theory can effectively account for the operation of different translation methods and techniques when tackling the cultural default. The purpose of using various translation skills is to obtain the optimal relevance between cognitive context in target readers' minds and communication intention of the original author.展开更多
This article explores the potential of the narrative educational processes of autobiographical writing and interactive storytelling for foreign language education. In our Autonomous Learning Modules （ALMS） at Helsin...This article explores the potential of the narrative educational processes of autobiographical writing and interactive storytelling for foreign language education. In our Autonomous Learning Modules （ALMS） at Helsinki University Language Centre, students write various autobiographical texts as part of their language portfolios. The texts are discussed in the face-to-face counseling meetings. Finnish students＇ learner identities are influenced by the competitive role of English in Finland： mastering English is a must, and not mastering English can single them out as failures. This is especially true of self-identified ＂different＂ learners whose previous language learning experiences and classroom situations have caused them anxiety. In ALMS, counselors engage them in sharing stories about past learning experiences as a way of supporting them in planning their personal study programs. Storytelling also helps them to explore their ＂wounded＂ learner identities by creating safe spaces for reflexive self- study. The practice and research of such storytelling are explored in the article.展开更多
Although the literature on second language acquisition recognizes the importance of the affective dimension in language learning,little is known about how to support the affective dimension throughout the autonomous l...Although the literature on second language acquisition recognizes the importance of the affective dimension in language learning,little is known about how to support the affective dimension throughout the autonomous learning process.Language advising is a privileged space for addressing,besides the cognitive and metacognitive aspects,the affective dimensions of the learning process. Most importantly,within the professional and interpersonal relationship created between advisor and learner, it is easier to reflect on the emotional and affective implications of learning.This study explores the role of emotions and feelings in the learner’s and the advisor’s discourse,with the aim of shedding light on affect in autonomous language learning processes and thus helping language professionals to recognize and deal with affective issues as they arise. Based on audio-recordings and transcripts of individual advising sessions,the research design focuses on discourse analysis of the learners’ and the advisor’s discourse.The results show significant expression of emotions in the learner’s discourse,related both to past learning experiences and to planning further learning steps. In the advisor’s discourse,emotions are less apparent,as the advisor,rather,tends to mirror,empathize or counterbalance the learner’s emotions.展开更多
Poultry meat production steadily increases and its by-products including legs or skins may be further utilized to prepare gelatine,generally by using alkali or acid substances.Since they are toxic,different methods ar...Poultry meat production steadily increases and its by-products including legs or skins may be further utilized to prepare gelatine,generally by using alkali or acid substances.Since they are toxic,different methods are desirable,e.g.applying proteolytic enzymes.Using enzymes is beneficial as they shorten processing time and reduce the required water amount.Processing conditions(the enzyme amount during the pre-treatment,first and second extraction temperature and time)of the process may influence gelatine quality and its yield.In this study,gelatines were prepared from chicken skin at different conditions in the series of combined factorial design of experiments.The significance of the influence of the conditions on the quality(gel strength,viscosity,melting and gelling point)and yield of chicken skin gelatine(CSG)was observed.The highest yield(31.5%)was obtained at the conditions of the enzyme amount of 0.8%,first extraction temperature 80℃ and time 30 min,second extraction temperature 90℃ and time 60 min.Furthermore,the highest CSG quality of gel strength(190 Bloom),viscosity(4.06 mPas),melting point(38.3℃)and gelling point(20.5℃)was obtained at the conditions of 0.2%/50℃/30 min in the first extraction.展开更多
Development of learner autonomy is a challenging task, especially when students are not presented with regular opportunities to reveal their voice and take part in shaping,at least to a certain degree,classroom discou...Development of learner autonomy is a challenging task, especially when students are not presented with regular opportunities to reveal their voice and take part in shaping,at least to a certain degree,classroom discourses. Engaging students in egalitarian teacher-students I-Thou dialogue(Buber, 1970)appears to be an effective way of empowering students voice,however there is need to investigate ways of practical implementation of this practice. Student feedback questionnaires(SFQs)have been widely used in tertiary institutions as a tool for establishing communication between students and teachers, as well as educational institutions,and evaluating course content and pedagogical methods applied.One of the major criticisms of this practice though is its summative nature and lack of closure of the feedback loop with students. Present study explores the practice of implementing formative continuous student feedback(CSF) throughout the duration of the whole course where teachers collect responses from students at the end of the class and close the loop in consecutive sessions by analyzing the feedback provided and acting upon it. Integrating the principles of Freire’s praxis and Buber’s I-Thou dialogue,this practice appears to be facilitative of building effective channels of communication between all parties involved,as well as developing greater sense of autonomy among students over the learning process in an English as a foreign language(EFL) classroom. The research is conducted as part of a larger CSF project implemented at a tertiary institution in Hong Kong.展开更多
文摘This paper examines how Francophone university learners of English make use of text organization strategies in their letters of complaint.Building on Connor et al(1995)Text Organization Model and Penelope Brown and Levinson(1987)Politeness theory,it was found out that these learners’scripts suffer from some text organization and politeness errors.These students face problems with their use of enclosures,buffers,addresses,complimentary close and signature.In fact,only 5(10%)of the letters had enclosures,none had buffer(00%)and 10(20%)had request for action.It was realized that though most of the letters had subjects,they were,however,wrongly placed above the salutation.As far as politeness strategy is concerned,most of the letters were void of polite language.This might be as a result of their linguistic background.We therefore suggest that to help solve the issue of linguistic interference and communicative competence,teachers teaching these students should employ the comparative and contrastive methods of language teaching highlighting the commonalities and dissimilarities between English and French grammar.
文摘目的本文介绍了中枢听觉功能测试方法,探讨了对听觉处理障碍儿童的诊断和处理原则。方法选择3例疑似听觉处理障碍儿童作为研究案例,进行系统的听力学、教育心理学、言语病理学测试和听觉中枢处理评估。结果在随机间隔探测测试和空间噪音听力测试(listening in spatialized noise test,LISN^(?))中,得分低于同龄组的平均值超过5个标准差;高-提示信号的LISN测试结果显示,数值低于平均值超过2个标准差。结论中枢听觉处理测试序列说明此3例儿童存在双耳听觉处理缺陷。通过改善教室的信噪比,应用听觉闭合训练、听觉定位和辨别训练。加强语言处理技能训练,能够使这3名儿童受益。
文摘The red seaweed Melanothamnus somalensis was investigated as potential economic source of agar. The effect of different conditions of alkali pre-treatment on chemical properties of agar was evaluated. Agar was extracted by various concentrations of NaOH （4%, 6% and 8%） and heated at different temperatures （70 ℃, 75 ℃ and 80 ℃） for different durations （2 h, 2.75 h and 3.5 h）. The yields-molecular weight （Mw） and sulfate contents of extracted agar were analysed and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. The yield was significantly increased at these treatments from 23.29% to 30.86%. Mw studied by HPLC ranged from （.12.45 ± 0.21） × 10^5 to （8.60 ± 2.40） × 10^5 Da. FTIR bands show sulfate groups in C4 and C6 ofgalactose and no sulfate group were found on both C2 of galactose and C2 of 3,6-anhydrogalactose. All treatments showed a high sulfate content that ranged from 5.4% to 10.1%. These properties were found to be significantly affected by the alkali pre-treatment concentration （p 〈 0.05）. In conclusion, agar extracted in this study was considered acceptable for industrial application and the optimal conditions for extraction were found to be at 6% NaOH at 70 ℃ for 2 hours.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61972062,62306060)the Basic Research Project of Liaoning Province(2023JH2/101300191)+1 种基金the Liaoning Doctoral Research Start-Up Fund Project(2023-BS-078)the Dalian Academy of Social Sciences(2023dlsky028).
文摘Aiming at the challenges associated with the absence of a labeled dataset for Yi characters and the complexity of Yi character detection and recognition,we present a deep learning-based approach for Yi character detection and recognition.In the detection stage,an improved Differentiable Binarization Network(DBNet)framework is introduced to detect Yi characters,in which the Omni-dimensional Dynamic Convolution(ODConv)is combined with the ResNet-18 feature extraction module to obtain multi-dimensional complementary features,thereby improving the accuracy of Yi character detection.Then,the feature pyramid network fusion module is used to further extract Yi character image features,improving target recognition at different scales.Further,the previously generated feature map is passed through a head network to produce two maps:a probability map and an adaptive threshold map of the same size as the original map.These maps are then subjected to a differentiable binarization process,resulting in an approximate binarization map.This map helps to identify the boundaries of the text boxes.Finally,the text detection box is generated after the post-processing stage.In the recognition stage,an improved lightweight MobileNetV3 framework is used to recognize the detect character regions,where the original Squeeze-and-Excitation(SE)block is replaced by the efficient Shuffle Attention(SA)that integrates spatial and channel attention,improving the accuracy of Yi characters recognition.Meanwhile,the use of depth separable convolution and reversible residual structure can reduce the number of parameters and computation of the model,so that the model can better understand the contextual information and improve the accuracy of text recognition.The experimental results illustrate that the proposed method achieves good results in detecting and recognizing Yi characters,with detection and recognition accuracy rates of 97.5%and 96.8%,respectively.And also,we have compared the detection and recognition algorithms proposed in this paper with other typical algorithms.In these comparisons,the proposed model achieves better detection and recognition results with a certain reliability.
文摘The present paper intends to argue that treatment of cultural default in literary translation can be accounted for within the relevance theory. An account of relevance theory is presented. Detailed analysis of some representative examples of translation within the relevance-theoretic framework is made. The notions in Relevance Theory can effectively account for the operation of different translation methods and techniques when tackling the cultural default. The purpose of using various translation skills is to obtain the optimal relevance between cognitive context in target readers' minds and communication intention of the original author.
文摘This article explores the potential of the narrative educational processes of autobiographical writing and interactive storytelling for foreign language education. In our Autonomous Learning Modules （ALMS） at Helsinki University Language Centre, students write various autobiographical texts as part of their language portfolios. The texts are discussed in the face-to-face counseling meetings. Finnish students＇ learner identities are influenced by the competitive role of English in Finland： mastering English is a must, and not mastering English can single them out as failures. This is especially true of self-identified ＂different＂ learners whose previous language learning experiences and classroom situations have caused them anxiety. In ALMS, counselors engage them in sharing stories about past learning experiences as a way of supporting them in planning their personal study programs. Storytelling also helps them to explore their ＂wounded＂ learner identities by creating safe spaces for reflexive self- study. The practice and research of such storytelling are explored in the article.
文摘Although the literature on second language acquisition recognizes the importance of the affective dimension in language learning,little is known about how to support the affective dimension throughout the autonomous learning process.Language advising is a privileged space for addressing,besides the cognitive and metacognitive aspects,the affective dimensions of the learning process. Most importantly,within the professional and interpersonal relationship created between advisor and learner, it is easier to reflect on the emotional and affective implications of learning.This study explores the role of emotions and feelings in the learner’s and the advisor’s discourse,with the aim of shedding light on affect in autonomous language learning processes and thus helping language professionals to recognize and deal with affective issues as they arise. Based on audio-recordings and transcripts of individual advising sessions,the research design focuses on discourse analysis of the learners’ and the advisor’s discourse.The results show significant expression of emotions in the learner’s discourse,related both to past learning experiences and to planning further learning steps. In the advisor’s discourse,emotions are less apparent,as the advisor,rather,tends to mirror,empathize or counterbalance the learner’s emotions.
基金funded by Tomas Bata University in Zlin,(IGA/FT/2021/007).
文摘Poultry meat production steadily increases and its by-products including legs or skins may be further utilized to prepare gelatine,generally by using alkali or acid substances.Since they are toxic,different methods are desirable,e.g.applying proteolytic enzymes.Using enzymes is beneficial as they shorten processing time and reduce the required water amount.Processing conditions(the enzyme amount during the pre-treatment,first and second extraction temperature and time)of the process may influence gelatine quality and its yield.In this study,gelatines were prepared from chicken skin at different conditions in the series of combined factorial design of experiments.The significance of the influence of the conditions on the quality(gel strength,viscosity,melting and gelling point)and yield of chicken skin gelatine(CSG)was observed.The highest yield(31.5%)was obtained at the conditions of the enzyme amount of 0.8%,first extraction temperature 80℃ and time 30 min,second extraction temperature 90℃ and time 60 min.Furthermore,the highest CSG quality of gel strength(190 Bloom),viscosity(4.06 mPas),melting point(38.3℃)and gelling point(20.5℃)was obtained at the conditions of 0.2%/50℃/30 min in the first extraction.
文摘Development of learner autonomy is a challenging task, especially when students are not presented with regular opportunities to reveal their voice and take part in shaping,at least to a certain degree,classroom discourses. Engaging students in egalitarian teacher-students I-Thou dialogue(Buber, 1970)appears to be an effective way of empowering students voice,however there is need to investigate ways of practical implementation of this practice. Student feedback questionnaires(SFQs)have been widely used in tertiary institutions as a tool for establishing communication between students and teachers, as well as educational institutions,and evaluating course content and pedagogical methods applied.One of the major criticisms of this practice though is its summative nature and lack of closure of the feedback loop with students. Present study explores the practice of implementing formative continuous student feedback(CSF) throughout the duration of the whole course where teachers collect responses from students at the end of the class and close the loop in consecutive sessions by analyzing the feedback provided and acting upon it. Integrating the principles of Freire’s praxis and Buber’s I-Thou dialogue,this practice appears to be facilitative of building effective channels of communication between all parties involved,as well as developing greater sense of autonomy among students over the learning process in an English as a foreign language(EFL) classroom. The research is conducted as part of a larger CSF project implemented at a tertiary institution in Hong Kong.
