Based on the comprehensive forces balance model, a modified model of the formation of a single bub-ble in non-Newtonian fluid under constant flowrate was developed by taking account of the effect of the ingoing gas th...Based on the comprehensive forces balance model, a modified model of the formation of a single bub-ble in non-Newtonian fluid under constant flowrate was developed by taking account of the effect of the ingoing gas through orifice as well as its variation on the radial expansion of bubble. The modified model involves the radial expansion equation of bubble surface and the forces balance equation in vertical direction of the bubble respec-tively. The shape variation of bubbles formed in polyacrylamide (PAM) aqueous solutions under various conditions was predicted numerically. The practical formation of bubbles was real-time visualized and recorded by a CCD camera and a computer by means of a special laser image measurement system. Results show that the predicted shapes of the bubbles by the present model agree well with experimental observation.展开更多
The residence time distribution (RTD) evolution along a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with a split barrel was experimentally investigated by using the pre-mixed particles of polystyrene (PS) with anthracene as the t...The residence time distribution (RTD) evolution along a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with a split barrel was experimentally investigated by using the pre-mixed particles of polystyrene (PS) with anthracene as the tracer.The samples on the screw were taken out from the specially designed extruder, which could be dead-stopped at a given time and its barrel opened within several seconds.A three-parameter function was used to fit the experimentally measured RTD.The calculated results fit the experimental data very well.The reverse screw elements and kneading block had much longer residence time and resulted in effective mixing.Based on the average residence time of different screw zones and volume flow rate of molten PS, the fill degree in different screw zones was estimated.The fill degree results proved that the similar structure of screw elements might have different degrees of fill due to the effect of neighboring elements, and too close alignment of kneading zones might lead to ‘besiegement’ of materials in the zone between them.展开更多
在200～240℃研究了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)在十四烷辅助下的固相缩聚反应。结果表明,溶剂辅助下的固相缩聚(分散相固相缩聚)的反应速度较传统气相环境中的固相缩聚更快,最佳反应温度为230℃左右.随着反应温度的升高.分散相固相缩聚...在200～240℃研究了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)在十四烷辅助下的固相缩聚反应。结果表明,溶剂辅助下的固相缩聚(分散相固相缩聚)的反应速度较传统气相环境中的固相缩聚更快,最佳反应温度为230℃左右.随着反应温度的升高.分散相固相缩聚得到的 PET 切片的熔点和结晶度也相应提高.分散相固相缩聚前后 PET 切片的孔隙率并未发生明显变化。用苯酚处理之后的 PET 孔隙率增加,有利于小分子扩散,使缩聚反应速率加快。聚合物在十四烷中溶胀导致链活动性增强可能是分散相固相缩聚分子量提高的主要原因。展开更多
The behavior of a single polyethylene polymer in aqueous solution confined between two hydrophilic walls is studied with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The thickness of the nano-slit ranges from 1.26 to 3.15 nm,...The behavior of a single polyethylene polymer in aqueous solution confined between two hydrophilic walls is studied with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The thickness of the nano-slit ranges from 1.26 to 3.15 nm, which is comparative to the polymer dimension. A monotonic transition from 3D- to 2D-like configurations is observed as the distance between the two walls narrows. Monomers are compressed into several layers and the preferred bond orientations alternate between parallel and normal to the walls accordingly. The diffusivity in the direction parallel to the wall is always larger than the one perpendicular to it. Calculation of the entropy and enthalpy changes during the folding of the polymer chain alone cannot explain the spontaneous process. The corresponding increase in water entropy due to volume expansion may be large enough to result in the overall free energy decrease.展开更多
Multi-scale structures involved in emulsion and microsphere complex systems are presented and discussed. The stability and spatio-temporal structures of emulsions, as well as nano-structures formed on the surface of m...Multi-scale structures involved in emulsion and microsphere complex systems are presented and discussed. The stability and spatio-temporal structures of emulsions, as well as nano-structures formed on the surface of microspheres after polymerization, are affected by the molecular emulsifier/stabilizer structures and the adsorbed emulsifier/stabilizer nano-structures on the oil/water interface. The broad size distribution and variation of surface features of droplets are responsible for variations of the adsorbed emulsifier/stabilizer structures and the stability of the emulsions. On the other hand, preparation of a uniformly sized emulsion and employment of a combined emulsifier/stabilizer system can preserve the stability of the emulsions and microspheres. The above phenomena should be modeled by a multiscale method, in order to maintain the stability of individual emulsion systems and realize the desired nano-structures of microspheres by choosing adequate emulsifier/stabilizer and experimental parameters.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20476073)National Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (No.B06006).
文摘Based on the comprehensive forces balance model, a modified model of the formation of a single bub-ble in non-Newtonian fluid under constant flowrate was developed by taking account of the effect of the ingoing gas through orifice as well as its variation on the radial expansion of bubble. The modified model involves the radial expansion equation of bubble surface and the forces balance equation in vertical direction of the bubble respec-tively. The shape variation of bubbles formed in polyacrylamide (PAM) aqueous solutions under various conditions was predicted numerically. The practical formation of bubbles was real-time visualized and recorded by a CCD camera and a computer by means of a special laser image measurement system. Results show that the predicted shapes of the bubbles by the present model agree well with experimental observation.
文摘The residence time distribution (RTD) evolution along a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with a split barrel was experimentally investigated by using the pre-mixed particles of polystyrene (PS) with anthracene as the tracer.The samples on the screw were taken out from the specially designed extruder, which could be dead-stopped at a given time and its barrel opened within several seconds.A three-parameter function was used to fit the experimentally measured RTD.The calculated results fit the experimental data very well.The reverse screw elements and kneading block had much longer residence time and resulted in effective mixing.Based on the average residence time of different screw zones and volume flow rate of molten PS, the fill degree in different screw zones was estimated.The fill degree results proved that the similar structure of screw elements might have different degrees of fill due to the effect of neighboring elements, and too close alignment of kneading zones might lead to ‘besiegement’ of materials in the zone between them.
文摘在200～240℃研究了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)在十四烷辅助下的固相缩聚反应。结果表明,溶剂辅助下的固相缩聚(分散相固相缩聚)的反应速度较传统气相环境中的固相缩聚更快,最佳反应温度为230℃左右.随着反应温度的升高.分散相固相缩聚得到的 PET 切片的熔点和结晶度也相应提高.分散相固相缩聚前后 PET 切片的孔隙率并未发生明显变化。用苯酚处理之后的 PET 孔隙率增加,有利于小分子扩散,使缩聚反应速率加快。聚合物在十四烷中溶胀导致链活动性增强可能是分散相固相缩聚分子量提高的主要原因。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 20336040, 20490201 and 20221603)Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. KJCX-SW-L01 and KJCX3-SYW-S01)Research Fund of Key Lab for Nanomaterials, Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 2006-1)
文摘The behavior of a single polyethylene polymer in aqueous solution confined between two hydrophilic walls is studied with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The thickness of the nano-slit ranges from 1.26 to 3.15 nm, which is comparative to the polymer dimension. A monotonic transition from 3D- to 2D-like configurations is observed as the distance between the two walls narrows. Monomers are compressed into several layers and the preferred bond orientations alternate between parallel and normal to the walls accordingly. The diffusivity in the direction parallel to the wall is always larger than the one perpendicular to it. Calculation of the entropy and enthalpy changes during the folding of the polymer chain alone cannot explain the spontaneous process. The corresponding increase in water entropy due to volume expansion may be large enough to result in the overall free energy decrease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Contract No.20125616 and 20221603)the Chinese Academy of Sciences for international cooperation.
文摘Multi-scale structures involved in emulsion and microsphere complex systems are presented and discussed. The stability and spatio-temporal structures of emulsions, as well as nano-structures formed on the surface of microspheres after polymerization, are affected by the molecular emulsifier/stabilizer structures and the adsorbed emulsifier/stabilizer nano-structures on the oil/water interface. The broad size distribution and variation of surface features of droplets are responsible for variations of the adsorbed emulsifier/stabilizer structures and the stability of the emulsions. On the other hand, preparation of a uniformly sized emulsion and employment of a combined emulsifier/stabilizer system can preserve the stability of the emulsions and microspheres. The above phenomena should be modeled by a multiscale method, in order to maintain the stability of individual emulsion systems and realize the desired nano-structures of microspheres by choosing adequate emulsifier/stabilizer and experimental parameters.
