Developing biomass platform compounds into high value-added chemicals is a key step in renewable resource utilization.Herein,we report porous carbon-supported Ni-ZnO nanoparticles catalyst(Ni-ZnO/AC)synthesized via lo...Developing biomass platform compounds into high value-added chemicals is a key step in renewable resource utilization.Herein,we report porous carbon-supported Ni-ZnO nanoparticles catalyst(Ni-ZnO/AC)synthesized via low-temperature coprecipitation,exhibiting excellent performance for the selective hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF).A linear correlation is first observed between solvent polarity(E_(T)(30))and product selectivity within both polar aprotic and protic solvent classes,suggesting that solvent properties play a vital role in directing reaction pathways.Among these,1,4-dioxane(aprotic)favors the formation of 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan(BHMF)with 97.5%selectivity,while isopropanol(iPrOH,protic)promotes 2,5-dimethylfuran production with up to 99.5%selectivity.Mechanistic investigations further reveal that beyond polarity,proton-donating ability is critical in facilitating hydrodeoxygenation.iPrOH enables a hydrogen shuttle mechanism where protons assist in hydroxyl group removal,lowering the activation barrier.In contrast,1,4-dioxane,lacking hydrogen bond donors,stabilizes BHMF and hinders further conversion.Density functional theory calculations confirm a lower activation energy in iPrOH(0.60 eV)compared to 1,4-dioxane(1.07 eV).This work offers mechanistic insights and a practical strategy for solvent-mediated control of product selectivity in biomass hydrogenation,highlighting the decisive role of solvent-catalyst-substrate interactions.展开更多
Silicon(Si)is considered one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity.However,its application is significantly limited by severe volume ...Silicon(Si)is considered one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity.However,its application is significantly limited by severe volume expansion,leading to structural degradation and poor cycling stability.Polymer binders play a critical role in addressing these issues by providing mechanical stabilization.Inspired by the mechanically adaptive architecture of spider webs,where stiff radial threads and extensible spiral threads act in synergy,a dual-thread architecture polymer binder(PALT)with energy dissipation ability enabled by integrating rigid and flexible domains is designed.The rigid poly(acrylic acid lithium)(PAALi)segments offer structural reinforcement,while the soft segments(poly(lipoic acid-tannic acid),LT)introduce dynamic covalent bonds and multiple hydrogen bonds that function as reversible sacrificial bonds,enhancing energy dissipation during cycling.Comprehensive experimental and computational analyses demonstrate effectively reduced stress concentration,improved structural integrity,and stable electrochemical performance over prolonged cycling.The silicon anode incorporating the PALT binder exhibits a satisfying capacity loss per cycle of 0.042% during 350 charge/discharge cycles at 3580 m A g^(-1).This work highlights a bioinspired binder design strategy that combines intrinsic rigidity with dynamic stress adaptability to advance the mechanical and electrochemical stability of silicon anodes.展开更多
Venation is a common anthocyanin pattern displayed in flowers that confers important ornamental traits to plants.An anthocyanin-related R2R3-MYB transcription factor,DPL,has been proposed to regulate corolla tube vena...Venation is a common anthocyanin pattern displayed in flowers that confers important ornamental traits to plants.An anthocyanin-related R2R3-MYB transcription factor,DPL,has been proposed to regulate corolla tube venation in petunia plants.Here,however,we provide evidence redefining the role of DPL in petunia.A CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of DPL resulted in the absence of the vein-associated anthocyanin pattern above the abaxial surface of the flower bud,but not corolla tube venation,thus indicating that DPL did not regulate the formation of corolla tube venation.Alternately,quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that the spatiotemporal expression pattern of another R2R3-MYB gene,AN4,coincided with the formation of corolla tube venation in petunia.Furthermore,overexpression of AN4 promoted anthocyanin accumulation by increasing the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes.CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of AN4 led to an absence of corolla tube venation,suggesting that this gene in fact determines this key plant trait.Taken together,the results presented here redefine the prime regulator of corolla tube venation,paving the way for further studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying the various venation patterns in petunia.展开更多
The effect of austenite deformation on the pearlite microstructure of eutectoid steel w as investigated by hot uniaxial compression tests using a Gleeble 1500 thermo-mechanical simulator. The results show ed that the ...The effect of austenite deformation on the pearlite microstructure of eutectoid steel w as investigated by hot uniaxial compression tests using a Gleeble 1500 thermo-mechanical simulator. The results show ed that the deformation of the austenite phase accelerated the transformation of pearlite,leading to a smaller colony size and a smaller interlamellar space of pearlite; meanw hile,the orientation of pearlite lamellae became more heterogeneous,and the lamellar thickness decreased. Larger strain of austenite w as observed to accelerate the spheroidization process of carbides w ithin pearlite colonies.展开更多
Acrylamide is classified as a Class 2A carcinogen and mainly metabolized to produce hepatotoxicity.Phosphatidylcholine is thought to protect the liver from damage,but the protective role of phosphatidylcholine on acry...Acrylamide is classified as a Class 2A carcinogen and mainly metabolized to produce hepatotoxicity.Phosphatidylcholine is thought to protect the liver from damage,but the protective role of phosphatidylcholine on acrylamide-exposed metabolic disorders remains unclear.We investigated protective effect of phosphatidylcholine on the hepatic metabolism in rats exposed to acrylamide using metabolomics and molecular biology approaches.Overall,32 endogenous effect biomarkers and 4 exposure biomarkers were identified as differential signature metabolites responsible for acrylamide exposure and phosphatidylcholine protection.Acrylamide exposure interferes with glutathione metabolism by consuming antioxidant glutathione,cysteine and L-ascorbic acid,and disrupts lipid and carbohydrate metabolism through reducing carnitine content and increasing lipid peroxidation.The phosphatidylcholine treatment reduces the expression of cytochrome P4502E1,alleviates the oxidative stress and inflammation of the liver,and stabilizes the content of glutathione,and thus alleviates the disorder of glutathione.Meanwhile,phosphatidylcholine shifted acrylamide-induced phosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidylcholine to storage from lysophosphatidylcholine to diacylglycerol,thereby maintaining metabolic homeostasis of glycerophospholipid.The results suggested that phosphatidylcholine supplementation alleviate the disorder of glutathione and lipid metabolism caused by acrylamide exposure,but not significantly change the levels of mercapturic acid adducts of acrylamide,providing the evidence for phosphatidylcholine protection against acrylamide-induced liver injury.展开更多
As global warming persistently alters and rapidly reshapes landscapes and habitats, conventional species distribution models relying solely on maintaining static conditions within the current climate are likely to fal...As global warming persistently alters and rapidly reshapes landscapes and habitats, conventional species distribution models relying solely on maintaining static conditions within the current climate are likely to falter, particularly at the genus level. Hence, we hypothesize that climate change will differentially affect ecological niches of the same genus species with various latitudinal positioning and local topography, and the high-latitude species may experience greater niche contraction than low-latitude species, and that mountainous regions with high elevational variability may serve as critical climate refugia. Herein, we simulate niche alterations and integrate an ensemble model(EM) strategy, taking into account species dispersal limitations factors(topography, soil, and ultraviolet), to construct a comprehensive habitat suitability(CHS) model for assessing the future vulnerability of the Betula genus, most of which are timber species in China. Our findings reveal that the niche spatial(geographic distribution) of most species(62%) within the Betula genus will undergo a gradual decline under climate change, supporting our hypothesis of latitudinal differentiation in climate vulnerability. Intriguingly, the projected high-latitude niche reduction within the genus cannot be counterbalanced by the anticipated niche expansion of closely related species in low-latitude regions, even considering the evident latitudinal gradient distribution of species. Nonetheless, the niche spatial of six Betula species in southwestern China remains stable or expands under warming scenarios, strongly supporting our secondary hypothesis about topographic buffering effects, which probably means the unique topography(i.e., the largest elevation difference) of this region may serve as a sanctuary for preserving Betula genetic diversity. Our results underscore the uncertain nature of pre-existing niche systems at the genus level under climate change, emphasizing the need for diligent resource management and conservation planning for vulnerable timber species.展开更多
Our previous study showed an association between advanced glycation end products （AGEs） and neural tube defects （NTDs）. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of AGEs on neural tube developme...Our previous study showed an association between advanced glycation end products （AGEs） and neural tube defects （NTDs）. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of AGEs on neural tube development, C57BL/6 female mice were fed for 4 weeks with com- mercial food containing 3% advanced glycation end product bovine serum albumin （AGE-BSA） or 3% bovine serum albumin （BSA） as a control. After mating mice, oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde and H202 were measured at embryonic day 7.5 （E7.5） of ges- tation, and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） in embryonic cells was determined at E8.5. In addition to evaluating NTDs, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the effect of embryonic protein administration on the N-（carboxymethyl） lysine reactivity of acid and carboxyethyl lysine antibodies at E10.5. The results showed a remarkable increase in the incidence of NTDs at El0.5 in embryos of mice fed with AGE-BSA （no hyperglycemia） compared with control mice. Moreover, embryonic protein administration resulted in a noticeable increase in the reactivity of N-（carboxymethyl） lysine and N（ε）-（carboxyethyl） lysine antibodies. Malondialdehyde and H2O2 levels in embryonic cells were increased at E7.5, followed by increased intracellular ROS levels at E8.5. Vitamin E supplementation could partially recover these phenomena. Collectively, these results suggest that AGE-BSA could induce NTDs in the absence of hyperglycemia by an underlying mechanism that is at least partially associated with its capacity to increase embryonic oxidative stress levels.展开更多
Lignin is an abundant renewable macromolecular material in nature,and degradation of lignin to improve its hydroxyl content is the key to its efficient use.Alkali lignin(AL)was treated with Brønsted acidic deep e...Lignin is an abundant renewable macromolecular material in nature,and degradation of lignin to improve its hydroxyl content is the key to its efficient use.Alkali lignin(AL)was treated with Brønsted acidic deep eutectic solvent(DES)based on choline chloride and p-toluenesulfonic acid at mild reaction temperature,the structure of the lignin before and after degradation,as well as the composition of small molecules of lignin were analyzed in order to investigate the chemical structure changes of lignin with DES treatment,and the degradation mechanism of lignin in this acidic DES was elucidated in this work.FTIR and NMR analyses demonstrated the selective cleavage of the lignin ether linkages in the degradation process,which was in line with the increased content of phenolic hydroxyl species.XPS revealed that the O/C atomic ratio of the regenerated lignin was lower than that of the AL sample,revealing that the lignin underwent decarbonylation during the DES treatment.Regenerated lignin with low molecular weight and narrow polydispersity index was obtained,and the average molecular weight(Mw)decreased from 17680 g/mol to 2792 g/mol(130°C,3 h)according to GPC analysis.The lignin-degraded products were mainly G-type phenolics and ketones,and small number of aldehydes were also generated,the possible degradation pathway of lignin in this acidic DES was proposed.展开更多
In this work, two new species belonging to the family Tenuialidae from China are described： Tenuiala hubeiensis sp. nov., Hafenrefferia eurycuspis sp. nov. Two species, Tenuiala nuda Ewing, 1913 and Hafenrefferia gil...In this work, two new species belonging to the family Tenuialidae from China are described： Tenuiala hubeiensis sp. nov., Hafenrefferia eurycuspis sp. nov. Two species, Tenuiala nuda Ewing, 1913 and Hafenrefferia gilvipes （Koch, 1839）, are reported for the first time in China. A key is provided for adult identification of the world known species of Tenuialidae. All examined specimens are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Universiy （GUGC）, Guiyang, Guizhou.展开更多
This study reported two new species:Newsteadia multipori Zheng&Wu,sp.nov.,collected from pine needle litter in Guizhou Province,are described and illustrated for its adult female,male,and first-,second-and third-i...This study reported two new species:Newsteadia multipori Zheng&Wu,sp.nov.,collected from pine needle litter in Guizhou Province,are described and illustrated for its adult female,male,and first-,second-and third-instar nymphs;N.chebalingensis Zheng&Wu,sp.nov.,collected from broad leaf litter in Guangdong Province,are described and illustrated for its adult female and first-instar nymph.Identification keys are provided to the adult females of Newsteadia species known in China and to the adult males of Newsteadia species known worldwide.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to extract fulvic acid from brown coal using N-Mn-TiO2 as a catalyst and H2O2 or HNO3 as an oxidizer. [Method] The effects of catalyst N-Mn-TiO2 on the yield and structure of fuMc acid were...[Objective] The study aimed to extract fulvic acid from brown coal using N-Mn-TiO2 as a catalyst and H2O2 or HNO3 as an oxidizer. [Method] The effects of catalyst N-Mn-TiO2 on the yield and structure of fuMc acid were studied, and the content of functional groups in fulvic acid was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. [ Reselt] Two catalysts could improved the yield of fulvic acid, that is, catalyst 1 （N： Mn： 13 = 16： 0.001：1, roasting temperature was 400 ℃） and catalyst 2 （N： Mn： Ti = 16： 0.001：1, roasting temperature was 100 ℃） increased OFA yield by 10.69% and 32.17% and NFA by 8.61% and 7.49% respectively. After the addition of catalysts, the content of total acid radicals in OFA changed little, and carboxyi content increased slightly, but phenolic hydroxyl content decreased. When HNO3 was used as an oxidizer, the content of total acid radicals and phenolic hydroxyl in NFA decreased. In addition, the structure of OFA was different from that of NFA. [Condusion] The research could provide scientific references for the development and application of brown coal in future.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of lycopene on Parkinson's disease cell model and its possible mechanism.Methods:The SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 0.5μmol/L rotenone for 24 h to establish Parkinson's disea...Objective:To evaluate the effect of lycopene on Parkinson's disease cell model and its possible mechanism.Methods:The SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 0.5μmol/L rotenone for 24 h to establish Parkinson's disease cell model.The experiments were randomly divided into the control group,the lycopene group,the rotenone group,the pretreatment groups of different concentrations lycopene(low,medium,high concentration).Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay,the morphological changes of cells were observed under an inverted microscope,Hoechst staining was used to observe cell apoptosis,the expression and distribution of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker proteins GRP78 and CHOP in each group were detected by Western blot and cell immunofluorescence.Results:The study found that compared with the control group,the cell viability in the rotenone group was significantly decreased with obvious apoptosis;compared with the rotenone group,the cell viability of the lycopene pretreatment group was improved,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The apoptosis in the lycopene pretreatment group was decreased.The expression of GRP78 and CHOP in the rotenone group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01),while the expression of both in the high concentration lycopene pretreatment group was lower than that in the rotenone group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Lycopene pretreatment had a significant protective effect on rotenone-induced SH-SY5Y cells,which may be related to the fact that lycopene pretreatment can effectively alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress in SH-SY5Y cells damaged by rotenone.展开更多
[ Objective l The study aimed to discuss the optimal conditions of extracting humic acids from brown coal using hydrogen peroxide （H202）. [ Method] Fulvic acid （FA） was prepared through oxidizing the brown coal fr...[ Objective l The study aimed to discuss the optimal conditions of extracting humic acids from brown coal using hydrogen peroxide （H202）. [ Method] Fulvic acid （FA） was prepared through oxidizing the brown coal from Qujing City, Yunnan Province using H202, and humic acids were extracted from the original brown coal and its residues respectively, then the dominate constituents of humic acids were obtained by using pH grading method, finally their chemical composition of humid acids was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and func- tional group content analysis. [Result] The mass ratio of the brown coal and oxidant affected the yield of FA most obviously, followed by oxidization temperature and duration, while oxidant concentration had no obvious effect. The optimum conditions were determined as follows： coal-oxidant ratio was 1 ： 0.60, oxidization temperature was 45 ℃, oxidization duration was 210 min, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was 20%. Under the conditions, the yield of FA was up to 20.40%. Analysis of component properties indicated that the content of carboxyl and total acidic groups in FA improved obviously under the optimum conditions, and the content of active functional groups in OHA was higher than that of HA, while the domi- nate constituents of OHA needed higher pH during precipitation compared with those of HA. [ Conclusion] The research could provide a new method to prepare good humic acids using brown coal,展开更多
Dear Editor,Receptor-like kinases(RLKs)constitute a large superfamily that regulates diverse biological processes in plants(De Smet et al.,2009).In the perennial tree Populus,nearly 200 RLKs are highly expressed in de...Dear Editor,Receptor-like kinases(RLKs)constitute a large superfamily that regulates diverse biological processes in plants(De Smet et al.,2009).In the perennial tree Populus,nearly 200 RLKs are highly expressed in developing xylem,suggesting important roles in wood formation(Song et al.,2011;Zan et al.,2013;Xie et al.,2023).展开更多
Dear Editor,A long-standing debate centers on whether hexaploid A.deliciosa arose through allopolyploidy or autopolyploidy.Early molecular and cytogenetic evidence favored an allopolyploid origin,proposing that diploi...Dear Editor,A long-standing debate centers on whether hexaploid A.deliciosa arose through allopolyploidy or autopolyploidy.Early molecular and cytogenetic evidence favored an allopolyploid origin,proposing that diploid A.chinensis contributed an entire subgenome,supported by subgenome-specific repeats and phylogenetic divergence within polyploid genomes(Crowhurst and Gardner,1991;Testolin and Ferguson,1997).展开更多
Photoautotrophs are the ultimate source of food on earth.Chloroplasts,the vital components of photosynthesis,also play key roles in plant development,environmental sensing,and synthesis of pigments,lipids,and various ...Photoautotrophs are the ultimate source of food on earth.Chloroplasts,the vital components of photosynthesis,also play key roles in plant development,environmental sensing,and synthesis of pigments,lipids,and various hormones(Pogson et al.,2015;Lan et al.,2023).展开更多
Convergent and parallel evolution occur more frequently than previously thought.Here,we focus on the evolutionary adaptations of angiosperms at sub-zero temperatures.We begin by introducing the history of research on ...Convergent and parallel evolution occur more frequently than previously thought.Here,we focus on the evolutionary adaptations of angiosperms at sub-zero temperatures.We begin by introducing the history of research on convergent and parallel evolution,defining all independent similarities as convergent evolu-tion.Our analysis reveals that frost zones(periodic or constant),which cover 49.1%of Earth’s land surface,host 137 angiosperm families,with over 90%of their species thriving in these regions.In this context,we revisit the global biogeography and evolutionary trajectories of plant traits,such as herbaceous form and deciduous leaves,that are thought to be evasion strategies for frost adaptation.At the physiological and mo-lecular levels,many angiosperms have independently evolved cold acclimation mechanisms through mul-tiple pathways in addition to the well-characterized C-repeat binding factor/dehydration-responsive element binding protein 1(CBF/DREB1)regulatory pathway.These convergent adaptations have occurred across various molecular levels,including amino acid substitutions and changes in gene duplication and expression within the same or similar functional pathways;however,identical amino acid changes are rare.Our results also highlight the prevalence of polyploidy in frost zones and the occurrence of paleopoly-ploidization events during global cooling.These patterns suggest repeated evolution in cold climates.Finally,we discuss plant domestication and predict climate zone shifts due to global warming and their ef-fects on plant migration and in situ adaptation.Overall,the integration of ecological and molecular perspec-tives is essential for understanding and forecasting plant responses to climate change.展开更多
As some of the earliest evolving flowering plants,waterlilies offer unique insights into angiosperm evolu-tion.Giant Amazonian waterlilies(genus Victoria)are of particular interest due to their production of the world...As some of the earliest evolving flowering plants,waterlilies offer unique insights into angiosperm evolu-tion.Giant Amazonian waterlilies(genus Victoria)are of particular interest due to their production of the world’s largest floating leaves and gigantic flowers that entrap pollinating beetles.Here,we report chromo-some-level genome assemblies of Victoria cruziana and three related waterlilies:Euryale ferox,Nymphaea mexicana,and Brasenia schreberi.We found an ancient whole-genome duplication event specific to the Nymphaeales.We reveal major gene duplication and loss events throughout the evolution of angiosperms,with substantial implications for flower development and the biosynthesis of floral volatile organic com-pounds(FVOCs)in waterlilies.Importantly,we report a unique division of labor in the stamen function of V.cruziana linked to beetle attraction by FVOCs.This is related to the ultra-high expression of VicSABATHa along with Vicchitinase,possibly linked to protection from damage by trapped beetles.Overexpression of VicSABATHa in tobacco leaves reveals a capacity to produce volatile fatty acids,confirming its role in their catalytic synthesis.Overall,these findings provide novel insights into the evolution and adaptations of waterlilies and flowering plants in general.展开更多
Global agriculture faces critical challenges due to the overreliance on chemical pesticides,driving an urgent need for eco-friendly biopesticides and biostimulants(BioP&S).Plant-derived peptides,evolved as natural...Global agriculture faces critical challenges due to the overreliance on chemical pesticides,driving an urgent need for eco-friendly biopesticides and biostimulants(BioP&S).Plant-derived peptides,evolved as natural reg-ulators of growth,development,and stress adaptation,offer immense potential as biodegradable and biocom-patible alternatives.However,their commercialization remains constrained by limited exploration of the diver-sity and activity,high production costs,incomplete ecological risk evaluations,and undeffned application scenarios.This Perspective overviews emerging discoveries and proposes integrated frameworks for plant peptide identiffcation,molecular design,biomanufacturing,and ecological impact assessments integrated with germplasm development and ffeld application systems.To overcome existing bottlenecks,we discuss the integrative potential of emerging technologies that synergistically combine artiffcial intelligence for high-throughput peptide discovery and de novo structural reffnement,nanotechnology for enhancing environ-mental resilience and targeted delivery,and synthetic biology for developing industrial biomanufacturing platforms.We emphasize the need to align phytopeptide BioP&S with compatible germplasm resources,stage-speciffc crop requirements,and complementary chemical pesticides to maximize their efffcacy,cost-effectiveness,and trait-speciffc agronomic performance by integrating with precision agriculture systems.Future advancements will rely on interdisciplinary innovations and policy support to unlock their full potential in enhancing crop resilience,productivity,and quality while ensuring ecological sustainability.展开更多
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China for Excellent Young Scientists Fund(32222058)Fundamental Research Foundation of CAF(CAFYBB2022QB001).
文摘Developing biomass platform compounds into high value-added chemicals is a key step in renewable resource utilization.Herein,we report porous carbon-supported Ni-ZnO nanoparticles catalyst(Ni-ZnO/AC)synthesized via low-temperature coprecipitation,exhibiting excellent performance for the selective hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF).A linear correlation is first observed between solvent polarity(E_(T)(30))and product selectivity within both polar aprotic and protic solvent classes,suggesting that solvent properties play a vital role in directing reaction pathways.Among these,1,4-dioxane(aprotic)favors the formation of 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan(BHMF)with 97.5%selectivity,while isopropanol(iPrOH,protic)promotes 2,5-dimethylfuran production with up to 99.5%selectivity.Mechanistic investigations further reveal that beyond polarity,proton-donating ability is critical in facilitating hydrodeoxygenation.iPrOH enables a hydrogen shuttle mechanism where protons assist in hydroxyl group removal,lowering the activation barrier.In contrast,1,4-dioxane,lacking hydrogen bond donors,stabilizes BHMF and hinders further conversion.Density functional theory calculations confirm a lower activation energy in iPrOH(0.60 eV)compared to 1,4-dioxane(1.07 eV).This work offers mechanistic insights and a practical strategy for solvent-mediated control of product selectivity in biomass hydrogenation,highlighting the decisive role of solvent-catalyst-substrate interactions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201497)for the financial support of this research。
文摘Silicon(Si)is considered one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity.However,its application is significantly limited by severe volume expansion,leading to structural degradation and poor cycling stability.Polymer binders play a critical role in addressing these issues by providing mechanical stabilization.Inspired by the mechanically adaptive architecture of spider webs,where stiff radial threads and extensible spiral threads act in synergy,a dual-thread architecture polymer binder(PALT)with energy dissipation ability enabled by integrating rigid and flexible domains is designed.The rigid poly(acrylic acid lithium)(PAALi)segments offer structural reinforcement,while the soft segments(poly(lipoic acid-tannic acid),LT)introduce dynamic covalent bonds and multiple hydrogen bonds that function as reversible sacrificial bonds,enhancing energy dissipation during cycling.Comprehensive experimental and computational analyses demonstrate effectively reduced stress concentration,improved structural integrity,and stable electrochemical performance over prolonged cycling.The silicon anode incorporating the PALT binder exhibits a satisfying capacity loss per cycle of 0.042% during 350 charge/discharge cycles at 3580 m A g^(-1).This work highlights a bioinspired binder design strategy that combines intrinsic rigidity with dynamic stress adaptability to advance the mechanical and electrochemical stability of silicon anodes.
基金the National Natural Science of China(31272199)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2020D038).
文摘Venation is a common anthocyanin pattern displayed in flowers that confers important ornamental traits to plants.An anthocyanin-related R2R3-MYB transcription factor,DPL,has been proposed to regulate corolla tube venation in petunia plants.Here,however,we provide evidence redefining the role of DPL in petunia.A CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of DPL resulted in the absence of the vein-associated anthocyanin pattern above the abaxial surface of the flower bud,but not corolla tube venation,thus indicating that DPL did not regulate the formation of corolla tube venation.Alternately,quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that the spatiotemporal expression pattern of another R2R3-MYB gene,AN4,coincided with the formation of corolla tube venation in petunia.Furthermore,overexpression of AN4 promoted anthocyanin accumulation by increasing the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes.CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of AN4 led to an absence of corolla tube venation,suggesting that this gene in fact determines this key plant trait.Taken together,the results presented here redefine the prime regulator of corolla tube venation,paving the way for further studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying the various venation patterns in petunia.
文摘The effect of austenite deformation on the pearlite microstructure of eutectoid steel w as investigated by hot uniaxial compression tests using a Gleeble 1500 thermo-mechanical simulator. The results show ed that the deformation of the austenite phase accelerated the transformation of pearlite,leading to a smaller colony size and a smaller interlamellar space of pearlite; meanw hile,the orientation of pearlite lamellae became more heterogeneous,and the lamellar thickness decreased. Larger strain of austenite w as observed to accelerate the spheroidization process of carbides w ithin pearlite colonies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21976156)。
文摘Acrylamide is classified as a Class 2A carcinogen and mainly metabolized to produce hepatotoxicity.Phosphatidylcholine is thought to protect the liver from damage,but the protective role of phosphatidylcholine on acrylamide-exposed metabolic disorders remains unclear.We investigated protective effect of phosphatidylcholine on the hepatic metabolism in rats exposed to acrylamide using metabolomics and molecular biology approaches.Overall,32 endogenous effect biomarkers and 4 exposure biomarkers were identified as differential signature metabolites responsible for acrylamide exposure and phosphatidylcholine protection.Acrylamide exposure interferes with glutathione metabolism by consuming antioxidant glutathione,cysteine and L-ascorbic acid,and disrupts lipid and carbohydrate metabolism through reducing carnitine content and increasing lipid peroxidation.The phosphatidylcholine treatment reduces the expression of cytochrome P4502E1,alleviates the oxidative stress and inflammation of the liver,and stabilizes the content of glutathione,and thus alleviates the disorder of glutathione.Meanwhile,phosphatidylcholine shifted acrylamide-induced phosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidylcholine to storage from lysophosphatidylcholine to diacylglycerol,thereby maintaining metabolic homeostasis of glycerophospholipid.The results suggested that phosphatidylcholine supplementation alleviate the disorder of glutathione and lipid metabolism caused by acrylamide exposure,but not significantly change the levels of mercapturic acid adducts of acrylamide,providing the evidence for phosphatidylcholine protection against acrylamide-induced liver injury.
基金funded by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(No.32001327)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFD2200304-2).
文摘As global warming persistently alters and rapidly reshapes landscapes and habitats, conventional species distribution models relying solely on maintaining static conditions within the current climate are likely to falter, particularly at the genus level. Hence, we hypothesize that climate change will differentially affect ecological niches of the same genus species with various latitudinal positioning and local topography, and the high-latitude species may experience greater niche contraction than low-latitude species, and that mountainous regions with high elevational variability may serve as critical climate refugia. Herein, we simulate niche alterations and integrate an ensemble model(EM) strategy, taking into account species dispersal limitations factors(topography, soil, and ultraviolet), to construct a comprehensive habitat suitability(CHS) model for assessing the future vulnerability of the Betula genus, most of which are timber species in China. Our findings reveal that the niche spatial(geographic distribution) of most species(62%) within the Betula genus will undergo a gradual decline under climate change, supporting our hypothesis of latitudinal differentiation in climate vulnerability. Intriguingly, the projected high-latitude niche reduction within the genus cannot be counterbalanced by the anticipated niche expansion of closely related species in low-latitude regions, even considering the evident latitudinal gradient distribution of species. Nonetheless, the niche spatial of six Betula species in southwestern China remains stable or expands under warming scenarios, strongly supporting our secondary hypothesis about topographic buffering effects, which probably means the unique topography(i.e., the largest elevation difference) of this region may serve as a sanctuary for preserving Betula genetic diversity. Our results underscore the uncertain nature of pre-existing niche systems at the genus level under climate change, emphasizing the need for diligent resource management and conservation planning for vulnerable timber species.
基金supported by the grant from Shaanxi Technology Committee of China,No.2013JM4001the China Scholarship Council(CSC)
文摘Our previous study showed an association between advanced glycation end products （AGEs） and neural tube defects （NTDs）. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of AGEs on neural tube development, C57BL/6 female mice were fed for 4 weeks with com- mercial food containing 3% advanced glycation end product bovine serum albumin （AGE-BSA） or 3% bovine serum albumin （BSA） as a control. After mating mice, oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde and H202 were measured at embryonic day 7.5 （E7.5） of ges- tation, and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） in embryonic cells was determined at E8.5. In addition to evaluating NTDs, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the effect of embryonic protein administration on the N-（carboxymethyl） lysine reactivity of acid and carboxyethyl lysine antibodies at E10.5. The results showed a remarkable increase in the incidence of NTDs at El0.5 in embryos of mice fed with AGE-BSA （no hyperglycemia） compared with control mice. Moreover, embryonic protein administration resulted in a noticeable increase in the reactivity of N-（carboxymethyl） lysine and N（ε）-（carboxyethyl） lysine antibodies. Malondialdehyde and H2O2 levels in embryonic cells were increased at E7.5, followed by increased intracellular ROS levels at E8.5. Vitamin E supplementation could partially recover these phenomena. Collectively, these results suggest that AGE-BSA could induce NTDs in the absence of hyperglycemia by an underlying mechanism that is at least partially associated with its capacity to increase embryonic oxidative stress levels.
基金This project was supported by the Forestry Department Foundation of Guizhou Province of China(No.[2018]13)Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province(Nos.Qiankehe[2020]1Y125,[2019]1170)+2 种基金the Scientific and Technological Research Project of Guizhou Province(Nos.Qiankehe NY[2019]2325,[2019]2308)Education Department Foundation of Guizhou Province of China(Nos.QianJiaoHe KY Zi[2017]003,[2017]136)the Science and Technology Plan of Guizhou Province(No.Qiankehe Platform Talent[2017]5788).
文摘Lignin is an abundant renewable macromolecular material in nature,and degradation of lignin to improve its hydroxyl content is the key to its efficient use.Alkali lignin(AL)was treated with Brønsted acidic deep eutectic solvent(DES)based on choline chloride and p-toluenesulfonic acid at mild reaction temperature,the structure of the lignin before and after degradation,as well as the composition of small molecules of lignin were analyzed in order to investigate the chemical structure changes of lignin with DES treatment,and the degradation mechanism of lignin in this acidic DES was elucidated in this work.FTIR and NMR analyses demonstrated the selective cleavage of the lignin ether linkages in the degradation process,which was in line with the increased content of phenolic hydroxyl species.XPS revealed that the O/C atomic ratio of the regenerated lignin was lower than that of the AL sample,revealing that the lignin underwent decarbonylation during the DES treatment.Regenerated lignin with low molecular weight and narrow polydispersity index was obtained,and the average molecular weight(Mw)decreased from 17680 g/mol to 2792 g/mol(130°C,3 h)according to GPC analysis.The lignin-degraded products were mainly G-type phenolics and ketones,and small number of aldehydes were also generated,the possible degradation pathway of lignin in this acidic DES was proposed.
基金supported by the Program of Science and Technology Innovation Talents Team,Guizhou Province(20144001)the Provincial Outstanding Graduate Program for Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control(Qianjiaoyanhe ZYRC(2013)010)+1 种基金the Innovation Team Program for Systematic and Applied Acarology([2014]33)the Program for Social Development by Department of Science and Technology of Guizhou Province(SY[2012]3192)
文摘In this work, two new species belonging to the family Tenuialidae from China are described： Tenuiala hubeiensis sp. nov., Hafenrefferia eurycuspis sp. nov. Two species, Tenuiala nuda Ewing, 1913 and Hafenrefferia gilvipes （Koch, 1839）, are reported for the first time in China. A key is provided for adult identification of the world known species of Tenuialidae. All examined specimens are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Universiy （GUGC）, Guiyang, Guizhou.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270476)。
文摘This study reported two new species:Newsteadia multipori Zheng&Wu,sp.nov.,collected from pine needle litter in Guizhou Province,are described and illustrated for its adult female,male,and first-,second-and third-instar nymphs;N.chebalingensis Zheng&Wu,sp.nov.,collected from broad leaf litter in Guangdong Province,are described and illustrated for its adult female and first-instar nymph.Identification keys are provided to the adult females of Newsteadia species known in China and to the adult males of Newsteadia species known worldwide.
基金Supported by the Bidding Project of Qujing Normal University(2011ZB005)
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to extract fulvic acid from brown coal using N-Mn-TiO2 as a catalyst and H2O2 or HNO3 as an oxidizer. [Method] The effects of catalyst N-Mn-TiO2 on the yield and structure of fuMc acid were studied, and the content of functional groups in fulvic acid was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. [ Reselt] Two catalysts could improved the yield of fulvic acid, that is, catalyst 1 （N： Mn： 13 = 16： 0.001：1, roasting temperature was 400 ℃） and catalyst 2 （N： Mn： Ti = 16： 0.001：1, roasting temperature was 100 ℃） increased OFA yield by 10.69% and 32.17% and NFA by 8.61% and 7.49% respectively. After the addition of catalysts, the content of total acid radicals in OFA changed little, and carboxyi content increased slightly, but phenolic hydroxyl content decreased. When HNO3 was used as an oxidizer, the content of total acid radicals and phenolic hydroxyl in NFA decreased. In addition, the structure of OFA was different from that of NFA. [Condusion] The research could provide scientific references for the development and application of brown coal in future.
基金Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province(No.2013B060300038)Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Medical University(No.GDMUM2019029)。
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of lycopene on Parkinson's disease cell model and its possible mechanism.Methods:The SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 0.5μmol/L rotenone for 24 h to establish Parkinson's disease cell model.The experiments were randomly divided into the control group,the lycopene group,the rotenone group,the pretreatment groups of different concentrations lycopene(low,medium,high concentration).Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay,the morphological changes of cells were observed under an inverted microscope,Hoechst staining was used to observe cell apoptosis,the expression and distribution of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker proteins GRP78 and CHOP in each group were detected by Western blot and cell immunofluorescence.Results:The study found that compared with the control group,the cell viability in the rotenone group was significantly decreased with obvious apoptosis;compared with the rotenone group,the cell viability of the lycopene pretreatment group was improved,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The apoptosis in the lycopene pretreatment group was decreased.The expression of GRP78 and CHOP in the rotenone group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01),while the expression of both in the high concentration lycopene pretreatment group was lower than that in the rotenone group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Lycopene pretreatment had a significant protective effect on rotenone-induced SH-SY5Y cells,which may be related to the fact that lycopene pretreatment can effectively alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress in SH-SY5Y cells damaged by rotenone.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Foundation of Educational Commission of Yunnan Province,China (08C0186)
文摘[ Objective l The study aimed to discuss the optimal conditions of extracting humic acids from brown coal using hydrogen peroxide （H202）. [ Method] Fulvic acid （FA） was prepared through oxidizing the brown coal from Qujing City, Yunnan Province using H202, and humic acids were extracted from the original brown coal and its residues respectively, then the dominate constituents of humic acids were obtained by using pH grading method, finally their chemical composition of humid acids was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and func- tional group content analysis. [Result] The mass ratio of the brown coal and oxidant affected the yield of FA most obviously, followed by oxidization temperature and duration, while oxidant concentration had no obvious effect. The optimum conditions were determined as follows： coal-oxidant ratio was 1 ： 0.60, oxidization temperature was 45 ℃, oxidization duration was 210 min, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was 20%. Under the conditions, the yield of FA was up to 20.40%. Analysis of component properties indicated that the content of carboxyl and total acidic groups in FA improved obviously under the optimum conditions, and the content of active functional groups in OHA was higher than that of HA, while the domi- nate constituents of OHA needed higher pH during precipitation compared with those of HA. [ Conclusion] The research could provide a new method to prepare good humic acids using brown coal,
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 31971617 and 32022055)the Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Project(grant number 2023ZD04057)the Zhejiang A&F University Starting Funding(2021FR026).
文摘Dear Editor,Receptor-like kinases(RLKs)constitute a large superfamily that regulates diverse biological processes in plants(De Smet et al.,2009).In the perennial tree Populus,nearly 200 RLKs are highly expressed in developing xylem,suggesting important roles in wood formation(Song et al.,2011;Zan et al.,2013;Xie et al.,2023).
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR23C150001,LQ24C150003,and Q24C150007)the NSFC Excellent Young Scientists Fund(Overseas)awarded to X.S.
文摘Dear Editor,A long-standing debate centers on whether hexaploid A.deliciosa arose through allopolyploidy or autopolyploidy.Early molecular and cytogenetic evidence favored an allopolyploid origin,proposing that diploid A.chinensis contributed an entire subgenome,supported by subgenome-specific repeats and phylogenetic divergence within polyploid genomes(Crowhurst and Gardner,1991;Testolin and Ferguson,1997).
基金supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education,Science,and Technology(Grant No.RS-2023-00248352).
文摘Photoautotrophs are the ultimate source of food on earth.Chloroplasts,the vital components of photosynthesis,also play key roles in plant development,environmental sensing,and synthesis of pigments,lipids,and various hormones(Pogson et al.,2015;Lan et al.,2023).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32470665)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2023E002)+1 种基金the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-D-202005 and ZYYZDXK-2023244)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-21).
文摘Convergent and parallel evolution occur more frequently than previously thought.Here,we focus on the evolutionary adaptations of angiosperms at sub-zero temperatures.We begin by introducing the history of research on convergent and parallel evolution,defining all independent similarities as convergent evolu-tion.Our analysis reveals that frost zones(periodic or constant),which cover 49.1%of Earth’s land surface,host 137 angiosperm families,with over 90%of their species thriving in these regions.In this context,we revisit the global biogeography and evolutionary trajectories of plant traits,such as herbaceous form and deciduous leaves,that are thought to be evasion strategies for frost adaptation.At the physiological and mo-lecular levels,many angiosperms have independently evolved cold acclimation mechanisms through mul-tiple pathways in addition to the well-characterized C-repeat binding factor/dehydration-responsive element binding protein 1(CBF/DREB1)regulatory pathway.These convergent adaptations have occurred across various molecular levels,including amino acid substitutions and changes in gene duplication and expression within the same or similar functional pathways;however,identical amino acid changes are rare.Our results also highlight the prevalence of polyploidy in frost zones and the occurrence of paleopoly-ploidization events during global cooling.These patterns suggest repeated evolution in cold climates.Finally,we discuss plant domestication and predict climate zone shifts due to global warming and their ef-fects on plant migration and in situ adaptation.Overall,the integration of ecological and molecular perspec-tives is essential for understanding and forecasting plant responses to climate change.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272750 and 31970246)the Scientific and Technological Talents and Platform Program of Yunnan Province(Academician Expert Workstation,202305AF150165)the"Pioneer"and"Leading Goose"R&D Program of Zhejiang(2023C02028).
文摘As some of the earliest evolving flowering plants,waterlilies offer unique insights into angiosperm evolu-tion.Giant Amazonian waterlilies(genus Victoria)are of particular interest due to their production of the world’s largest floating leaves and gigantic flowers that entrap pollinating beetles.Here,we report chromo-some-level genome assemblies of Victoria cruziana and three related waterlilies:Euryale ferox,Nymphaea mexicana,and Brasenia schreberi.We found an ancient whole-genome duplication event specific to the Nymphaeales.We reveal major gene duplication and loss events throughout the evolution of angiosperms,with substantial implications for flower development and the biosynthesis of floral volatile organic com-pounds(FVOCs)in waterlilies.Importantly,we report a unique division of labor in the stamen function of V.cruziana linked to beetle attraction by FVOCs.This is related to the ultra-high expression of VicSABATHa along with Vicchitinase,possibly linked to protection from damage by trapped beetles.Overexpression of VicSABATHa in tobacco leaves reveals a capacity to produce volatile fatty acids,confirming its role in their catalytic synthesis.Overall,these findings provide novel insights into the evolution and adaptations of waterlilies and flowering plants in general.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFD1200502-3)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030078 and U21A20209)+2 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technol-ogy Program(2025YFHZ0227)he Gatsby Charitable Foundation(to C.Z.)the University of Zurich(to C.Z.).
文摘Global agriculture faces critical challenges due to the overreliance on chemical pesticides,driving an urgent need for eco-friendly biopesticides and biostimulants(BioP&S).Plant-derived peptides,evolved as natural reg-ulators of growth,development,and stress adaptation,offer immense potential as biodegradable and biocom-patible alternatives.However,their commercialization remains constrained by limited exploration of the diver-sity and activity,high production costs,incomplete ecological risk evaluations,and undeffned application scenarios.This Perspective overviews emerging discoveries and proposes integrated frameworks for plant peptide identiffcation,molecular design,biomanufacturing,and ecological impact assessments integrated with germplasm development and ffeld application systems.To overcome existing bottlenecks,we discuss the integrative potential of emerging technologies that synergistically combine artiffcial intelligence for high-throughput peptide discovery and de novo structural reffnement,nanotechnology for enhancing environ-mental resilience and targeted delivery,and synthetic biology for developing industrial biomanufacturing platforms.We emphasize the need to align phytopeptide BioP&S with compatible germplasm resources,stage-speciffc crop requirements,and complementary chemical pesticides to maximize their efffcacy,cost-effectiveness,and trait-speciffc agronomic performance by integrating with precision agriculture systems.Future advancements will rely on interdisciplinary innovations and policy support to unlock their full potential in enhancing crop resilience,productivity,and quality while ensuring ecological sustainability.
