Photocatalytic transfer hydrogenation using water as the proton source has emerged as an attractive and green approach for the catalytic reduction of unsaturated bonds.Herein,we report an oxygen-defective TiO_(2)-supp...Photocatalytic transfer hydrogenation using water as the proton source has emerged as an attractive and green approach for the catalytic reduction of unsaturated bonds.Herein,we report an oxygen-defective TiO_(2)-supported palladium catalyst(Pd-TiO_(2)-Ov)for efficient photocatalytic water-donating transfer hydrogenation of anethole towards 4-n-propylanisole in a high yield of 99.9%,which is significantly higher compared to the pristine TiO_(2)-supported palladium catalyst(Pd-TiO_(2),74%).The enhanced performance is ascribed to the presence of oxygen vacancies,which facilitate light absorption and suppress the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.Furthermore,the Pd-TiO_(2)-Ov is versatile in hydrogenating various alkene substrates including those with hydroxyl,ether,fluoride,and chloride functional groups in full conversion,thus offering a green method for transfer hydrogenation of alkenes.This study provides new insights and advances in current hydrogenation technology with water as the proton source.展开更多
Reverse water-gas shift(RWGS) reaction-aided sustainable CO_(2) conversion has emerged as one promising and effective approach for simultaneously mitigating climate change and solidifying energy security.Molybdenum ca...Reverse water-gas shift(RWGS) reaction-aided sustainable CO_(2) conversion has emerged as one promising and effective approach for simultaneously mitigating climate change and solidifying energy security.Molybdenum carbide-based catalysts demonstrate excellent selectivity for sustainably transforming CO_(2) into CO product,but harsh carburization syntheses and insufficient catalytic activity and stability significantly hinder their related commercial applications.Herein,a facile "insideout" synthesis strategy was proposed to fabricate dispersed Cu clusters on sub-2 nm α-MoC nanoislands confined in pyridinic nitrogen-doped carbon(Cu-MoC/NC).This catalyst achieves the highest CO_(2) conversion rate of 2583.4 mmol_(CO_(2)) g_(cat)^(-1) h^(-1)compared to those of all reported Mo-based catalysts,and maintains excellent catalytic stability for 500 h under a low H_(2) partial pressure.Combined with X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS) and density functional theory(DFT) calculations,the electronegativity of pyridinic nitrogen intensifies the electron deficiency of α-MoC and strengthens the chemisorption of Cu clusters on α-MoC nanoislands surface,facilitating the electronic interaction and stability of Cu-MoC interface.This pyridinic nitrogenmodified Cu-MoC interface promotes the CO_(2) bridged adsorption at the interface and thus boosts C=O bond scissoring,inducing the transition of rate-limiting step and energy barrier reduction of the key intermediates.This interfacial engineering provides a sustainable and efficient strategy for improving both catalytic activity and stability of RWGS reaction to transform CO_(2) into value-added fuels and chemicals.展开更多
Soil organic carbon in forest affects nutrient availability,microbial processes,and organic matter inputs.Dominant tree species have increasingly shifted from ectomycorrhizal to arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in ...Soil organic carbon in forest affects nutrient availability,microbial processes,and organic matter inputs.Dominant tree species have increasingly shifted from ectomycorrhizal to arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in subtropical forests.However,the consequences of this shift for soil organic carbon is poorly understood.To address this,a field study was conducted across a natural gradient of arbuscular tree associations to investigate how different mycorrhizal associations affect soil organic carbon quantity,composition,chemical stability,and related soil properties.Soil organic carbon fractions,functional groups,microbial enzyme activities were analyzed.Results showed that increasing arbuscular mycorrhizal dominance was associated with declines in total soil organic carbon,particularly in recalcitrant and aromatic carbon forms.Ectomycorrhizaldominated forests exhibited higher nitrogen availability and elevated nitrogen-hydrolyzing enzyme activity,suggesting enhanced nitrogen acquisition strategies that suppress soil organic carbon decomposition and promote carbon retention.These findings indicate that mycorrhizal-mediated shifts in tree composition may significantly alter soil carbon sequestration potential.Incorporating mycorrhizal functional traits into forest management and carbon modeling could improve predictions of soil organic carbon responses under future environmental change.展开更多
Developing biomass platform compounds into high value-added chemicals is a key step in renewable resource utilization.Herein,we report porous carbon-supported Ni-ZnO nanoparticles catalyst(Ni-ZnO/AC)synthesized via lo...Developing biomass platform compounds into high value-added chemicals is a key step in renewable resource utilization.Herein,we report porous carbon-supported Ni-ZnO nanoparticles catalyst(Ni-ZnO/AC)synthesized via low-temperature coprecipitation,exhibiting excellent performance for the selective hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF).A linear correlation is first observed between solvent polarity(E_(T)(30))and product selectivity within both polar aprotic and protic solvent classes,suggesting that solvent properties play a vital role in directing reaction pathways.Among these,1,4-dioxane(aprotic)favors the formation of 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan(BHMF)with 97.5%selectivity,while isopropanol(iPrOH,protic)promotes 2,5-dimethylfuran production with up to 99.5%selectivity.Mechanistic investigations further reveal that beyond polarity,proton-donating ability is critical in facilitating hydrodeoxygenation.iPrOH enables a hydrogen shuttle mechanism where protons assist in hydroxyl group removal,lowering the activation barrier.In contrast,1,4-dioxane,lacking hydrogen bond donors,stabilizes BHMF and hinders further conversion.Density functional theory calculations confirm a lower activation energy in iPrOH(0.60 eV)compared to 1,4-dioxane(1.07 eV).This work offers mechanistic insights and a practical strategy for solvent-mediated control of product selectivity in biomass hydrogenation,highlighting the decisive role of solvent-catalyst-substrate interactions.展开更多
Silicon(Si)is considered one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity.However,its application is significantly limited by severe volume ...Silicon(Si)is considered one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity.However,its application is significantly limited by severe volume expansion,leading to structural degradation and poor cycling stability.Polymer binders play a critical role in addressing these issues by providing mechanical stabilization.Inspired by the mechanically adaptive architecture of spider webs,where stiff radial threads and extensible spiral threads act in synergy,a dual-thread architecture polymer binder(PALT)with energy dissipation ability enabled by integrating rigid and flexible domains is designed.The rigid poly(acrylic acid lithium)(PAALi)segments offer structural reinforcement,while the soft segments(poly(lipoic acid-tannic acid),LT)introduce dynamic covalent bonds and multiple hydrogen bonds that function as reversible sacrificial bonds,enhancing energy dissipation during cycling.Comprehensive experimental and computational analyses demonstrate effectively reduced stress concentration,improved structural integrity,and stable electrochemical performance over prolonged cycling.The silicon anode incorporating the PALT binder exhibits a satisfying capacity loss per cycle of 0.042% during 350 charge/discharge cycles at 3580 m A g^(-1).This work highlights a bioinspired binder design strategy that combines intrinsic rigidity with dynamic stress adaptability to advance the mechanical and electrochemical stability of silicon anodes.展开更多
The blood-brain barrier(BBB)is a major challenge in drug delivery for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.Walnut derived peptide TWLPLPR(TW-7)has been proved to promote neuronal mitochondrial autophagy an...The blood-brain barrier(BBB)is a major challenge in drug delivery for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.Walnut derived peptide TWLPLPR(TW-7)has been proved to promote neuronal mitochondrial autophagy and enhance hippocampal neuronal synaptic plasticity,thereby improving learning and memory abilities in mice.We investigated the internalization mechanism and intracellular transport pathway for the walnut-derived peptide,TW-7,using b End.3 cells in an in vitro BBB model system.TW-7 was taken up by the b End.3 cells in a concentration-,temperature-,and energy-dependent manner;this involved increases in caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 protein expression and phosphorylation and inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux.Subcellular localization of TW-7 in b End.3 cells was observed,indicating that the plasma membrane,endoplasmic reticulum,Golgi apparatus,lysosomes,and mitochondria participated in intracellular trafficking and that the peptide escaped from lysosomes over time.Caveolae may be critical for TW-7 uptake by brain microvascular endothelial cells,assisting TW-7 to cross the BBB.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism of active peptide penetrating the BBB,and provide a reference for developing neuroprotective active peptide products.展开更多
The effects of nitrogen(N)deposition on forest soil organic carbon(SOC)are largely unclear,likely due to the divergent responses of particulate(POC)and mineral-associated carbon(MAOC).Conventional understory inorganic...The effects of nitrogen(N)deposition on forest soil organic carbon(SOC)are largely unclear,likely due to the divergent responses of particulate(POC)and mineral-associated carbon(MAOC).Conventional understory inorganic N(UIN)additions neglect canopy processes and the impacts of organic N,potentially misevaluating N deposition effects.This study was conducted in a long-term N addition experiment established in a Moso bamboo forest,which included six treatments combining canopy and understory N additions with organic(urea glycine)and inorganic(NH_(4)NO_(3))forms at a rate of 50 kg N·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1).Litterbags were installed for a two-year decomposition experiment and collected at quarterly intervals,together with concurrent soil sampling under litterbags at 0–10 cm depth.We aimed to examine the effects of canopy vs.understory N addition and organic vs.inorganic N form on soil POC and MAOC concentrations.Our results showed that canopy N additions significantly reduced POC(ased POC-15.9%)but did not affect MAOC(P>0.05).Conversely,understory N additions significantly incre(30.9%)and decreased MAOC(and fungal diversity(FuD),-28.9%).Canopy N additions decreased POC by enhancing peroxidase activity while understory N additions promoted POC by inhibiting litter decomposition.Additionally,understory N addition-induced soil acidification decreased soil Ca^(2+)concentration,microbial carbon use efficiency,and bacterial necromass C,as well as the release of litter water-soluble compounds,thereby inhibiting MAOC.Moreover,nitrogen forms(organic vs.inorganic)had no effect on SOC fractions.Our findings underscore that canopy and understory N addition approaches differentially regulate SOC fractions by altering litter decomposition–microbial–mineral interactions,and the understory approach may overestimate soil POC gain and MAOC loss driven by atmospheric N deposition.展开更多
Venation is a common anthocyanin pattern displayed in flowers that confers important ornamental traits to plants.An anthocyanin-related R2R3-MYB transcription factor,DPL,has been proposed to regulate corolla tube vena...Venation is a common anthocyanin pattern displayed in flowers that confers important ornamental traits to plants.An anthocyanin-related R2R3-MYB transcription factor,DPL,has been proposed to regulate corolla tube venation in petunia plants.Here,however,we provide evidence redefining the role of DPL in petunia.A CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of DPL resulted in the absence of the vein-associated anthocyanin pattern above the abaxial surface of the flower bud,but not corolla tube venation,thus indicating that DPL did not regulate the formation of corolla tube venation.Alternately,quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that the spatiotemporal expression pattern of another R2R3-MYB gene,AN4,coincided with the formation of corolla tube venation in petunia.Furthermore,overexpression of AN4 promoted anthocyanin accumulation by increasing the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes.CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of AN4 led to an absence of corolla tube venation,suggesting that this gene in fact determines this key plant trait.Taken together,the results presented here redefine the prime regulator of corolla tube venation,paving the way for further studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying the various venation patterns in petunia.展开更多
The effect of austenite deformation on the pearlite microstructure of eutectoid steel w as investigated by hot uniaxial compression tests using a Gleeble 1500 thermo-mechanical simulator. The results show ed that the ...The effect of austenite deformation on the pearlite microstructure of eutectoid steel w as investigated by hot uniaxial compression tests using a Gleeble 1500 thermo-mechanical simulator. The results show ed that the deformation of the austenite phase accelerated the transformation of pearlite,leading to a smaller colony size and a smaller interlamellar space of pearlite; meanw hile,the orientation of pearlite lamellae became more heterogeneous,and the lamellar thickness decreased. Larger strain of austenite w as observed to accelerate the spheroidization process of carbides w ithin pearlite colonies.展开更多
Acrylamide is classified as a Class 2A carcinogen and mainly metabolized to produce hepatotoxicity.Phosphatidylcholine is thought to protect the liver from damage,but the protective role of phosphatidylcholine on acry...Acrylamide is classified as a Class 2A carcinogen and mainly metabolized to produce hepatotoxicity.Phosphatidylcholine is thought to protect the liver from damage,but the protective role of phosphatidylcholine on acrylamide-exposed metabolic disorders remains unclear.We investigated protective effect of phosphatidylcholine on the hepatic metabolism in rats exposed to acrylamide using metabolomics and molecular biology approaches.Overall,32 endogenous effect biomarkers and 4 exposure biomarkers were identified as differential signature metabolites responsible for acrylamide exposure and phosphatidylcholine protection.Acrylamide exposure interferes with glutathione metabolism by consuming antioxidant glutathione,cysteine and L-ascorbic acid,and disrupts lipid and carbohydrate metabolism through reducing carnitine content and increasing lipid peroxidation.The phosphatidylcholine treatment reduces the expression of cytochrome P4502E1,alleviates the oxidative stress and inflammation of the liver,and stabilizes the content of glutathione,and thus alleviates the disorder of glutathione.Meanwhile,phosphatidylcholine shifted acrylamide-induced phosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidylcholine to storage from lysophosphatidylcholine to diacylglycerol,thereby maintaining metabolic homeostasis of glycerophospholipid.The results suggested that phosphatidylcholine supplementation alleviate the disorder of glutathione and lipid metabolism caused by acrylamide exposure,but not significantly change the levels of mercapturic acid adducts of acrylamide,providing the evidence for phosphatidylcholine protection against acrylamide-induced liver injury.展开更多
As global warming persistently alters and rapidly reshapes landscapes and habitats, conventional species distribution models relying solely on maintaining static conditions within the current climate are likely to fal...As global warming persistently alters and rapidly reshapes landscapes and habitats, conventional species distribution models relying solely on maintaining static conditions within the current climate are likely to falter, particularly at the genus level. Hence, we hypothesize that climate change will differentially affect ecological niches of the same genus species with various latitudinal positioning and local topography, and the high-latitude species may experience greater niche contraction than low-latitude species, and that mountainous regions with high elevational variability may serve as critical climate refugia. Herein, we simulate niche alterations and integrate an ensemble model(EM) strategy, taking into account species dispersal limitations factors(topography, soil, and ultraviolet), to construct a comprehensive habitat suitability(CHS) model for assessing the future vulnerability of the Betula genus, most of which are timber species in China. Our findings reveal that the niche spatial(geographic distribution) of most species(62%) within the Betula genus will undergo a gradual decline under climate change, supporting our hypothesis of latitudinal differentiation in climate vulnerability. Intriguingly, the projected high-latitude niche reduction within the genus cannot be counterbalanced by the anticipated niche expansion of closely related species in low-latitude regions, even considering the evident latitudinal gradient distribution of species. Nonetheless, the niche spatial of six Betula species in southwestern China remains stable or expands under warming scenarios, strongly supporting our secondary hypothesis about topographic buffering effects, which probably means the unique topography(i.e., the largest elevation difference) of this region may serve as a sanctuary for preserving Betula genetic diversity. Our results underscore the uncertain nature of pre-existing niche systems at the genus level under climate change, emphasizing the need for diligent resource management and conservation planning for vulnerable timber species.展开更多
T-2 toxin is a widespread trichothecene mycotoxin in cereals with biological inhibitory activity.Rapid,sensitive,and accurate determination of T-2 toxin in food holds paramount importance to ensure food safety.Herein,...T-2 toxin is a widespread trichothecene mycotoxin in cereals with biological inhibitory activity.Rapid,sensitive,and accurate determination of T-2 toxin in food holds paramount importance to ensure food safety.Herein,a novel label-free fluorescent aptasensor was developed for the highly sensitive and homogeneous detection of T-2 toxin.The sensor platform is based on multivalent aptamer-encoded DNA flowers(Mul-DNFs),which were self-assembled from long DNA amplicons generated by a rolling circle amplification(RCA)reaction,endowing them with a high density of T-2 toxin recognition units and thus excellent binding properties.A simple and effective system was created by directly incorporating the fluorescent dye SYBR Green I into the nanostructures during the RCA process and enabling detection by triggering signal changes upon aptamer-target binding.The platform demonstrated outstanding analytical performance,exhibiting a wide linear detection range of 0.002-500 ng mL^(-1)and an ultralow limit of detection(LOD)of 0.76 pg mL^(-1).The method showed high precision,with a relative standard deviation(RSD)of 3.6%.Crucially,the aptasensor was successfully applied to the quantifi-cation of T-2 toxin in real food matrices(corn,wheat,oats,and beer),achieving excellent recoveries of 95.8-107.7%.These findings highlight the potential of this Mul-DNF-based aptasensor as a robust and versatile platform for the rapid screening of hazardous substances in food safety and environmental monitoring.展开更多
Our previous study showed an association between advanced glycation end products （AGEs） and neural tube defects （NTDs）. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of AGEs on neural tube developme...Our previous study showed an association between advanced glycation end products （AGEs） and neural tube defects （NTDs）. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of AGEs on neural tube development, C57BL/6 female mice were fed for 4 weeks with com- mercial food containing 3% advanced glycation end product bovine serum albumin （AGE-BSA） or 3% bovine serum albumin （BSA） as a control. After mating mice, oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde and H202 were measured at embryonic day 7.5 （E7.5） of ges- tation, and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） in embryonic cells was determined at E8.5. In addition to evaluating NTDs, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the effect of embryonic protein administration on the N-（carboxymethyl） lysine reactivity of acid and carboxyethyl lysine antibodies at E10.5. The results showed a remarkable increase in the incidence of NTDs at El0.5 in embryos of mice fed with AGE-BSA （no hyperglycemia） compared with control mice. Moreover, embryonic protein administration resulted in a noticeable increase in the reactivity of N-（carboxymethyl） lysine and N（ε）-（carboxyethyl） lysine antibodies. Malondialdehyde and H2O2 levels in embryonic cells were increased at E7.5, followed by increased intracellular ROS levels at E8.5. Vitamin E supplementation could partially recover these phenomena. Collectively, these results suggest that AGE-BSA could induce NTDs in the absence of hyperglycemia by an underlying mechanism that is at least partially associated with its capacity to increase embryonic oxidative stress levels.展开更多
Lignin is an abundant renewable macromolecular material in nature,and degradation of lignin to improve its hydroxyl content is the key to its efficient use.Alkali lignin(AL)was treated with Brønsted acidic deep e...Lignin is an abundant renewable macromolecular material in nature,and degradation of lignin to improve its hydroxyl content is the key to its efficient use.Alkali lignin(AL)was treated with Brønsted acidic deep eutectic solvent(DES)based on choline chloride and p-toluenesulfonic acid at mild reaction temperature,the structure of the lignin before and after degradation,as well as the composition of small molecules of lignin were analyzed in order to investigate the chemical structure changes of lignin with DES treatment,and the degradation mechanism of lignin in this acidic DES was elucidated in this work.FTIR and NMR analyses demonstrated the selective cleavage of the lignin ether linkages in the degradation process,which was in line with the increased content of phenolic hydroxyl species.XPS revealed that the O/C atomic ratio of the regenerated lignin was lower than that of the AL sample,revealing that the lignin underwent decarbonylation during the DES treatment.Regenerated lignin with low molecular weight and narrow polydispersity index was obtained,and the average molecular weight(Mw)decreased from 17680 g/mol to 2792 g/mol(130°C,3 h)according to GPC analysis.The lignin-degraded products were mainly G-type phenolics and ketones,and small number of aldehydes were also generated,the possible degradation pathway of lignin in this acidic DES was proposed.展开更多
In this work, two new species belonging to the family Tenuialidae from China are described： Tenuiala hubeiensis sp. nov., Hafenrefferia eurycuspis sp. nov. Two species, Tenuiala nuda Ewing, 1913 and Hafenrefferia gil...In this work, two new species belonging to the family Tenuialidae from China are described： Tenuiala hubeiensis sp. nov., Hafenrefferia eurycuspis sp. nov. Two species, Tenuiala nuda Ewing, 1913 and Hafenrefferia gilvipes （Koch, 1839）, are reported for the first time in China. A key is provided for adult identification of the world known species of Tenuialidae. All examined specimens are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Universiy （GUGC）, Guiyang, Guizhou.展开更多
This study reported two new species:Newsteadia multipori Zheng&Wu,sp.nov.,collected from pine needle litter in Guizhou Province,are described and illustrated for its adult female,male,and first-,second-and third-i...This study reported two new species:Newsteadia multipori Zheng&Wu,sp.nov.,collected from pine needle litter in Guizhou Province,are described and illustrated for its adult female,male,and first-,second-and third-instar nymphs;N.chebalingensis Zheng&Wu,sp.nov.,collected from broad leaf litter in Guangdong Province,are described and illustrated for its adult female and first-instar nymph.Identification keys are provided to the adult females of Newsteadia species known in China and to the adult males of Newsteadia species known worldwide.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to extract fulvic acid from brown coal using N-Mn-TiO2 as a catalyst and H2O2 or HNO3 as an oxidizer. [Method] The effects of catalyst N-Mn-TiO2 on the yield and structure of fuMc acid were...[Objective] The study aimed to extract fulvic acid from brown coal using N-Mn-TiO2 as a catalyst and H2O2 or HNO3 as an oxidizer. [Method] The effects of catalyst N-Mn-TiO2 on the yield and structure of fuMc acid were studied, and the content of functional groups in fulvic acid was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. [ Reselt] Two catalysts could improved the yield of fulvic acid, that is, catalyst 1 （N： Mn： 13 = 16： 0.001：1, roasting temperature was 400 ℃） and catalyst 2 （N： Mn： Ti = 16： 0.001：1, roasting temperature was 100 ℃） increased OFA yield by 10.69% and 32.17% and NFA by 8.61% and 7.49% respectively. After the addition of catalysts, the content of total acid radicals in OFA changed little, and carboxyi content increased slightly, but phenolic hydroxyl content decreased. When HNO3 was used as an oxidizer, the content of total acid radicals and phenolic hydroxyl in NFA decreased. In addition, the structure of OFA was different from that of NFA. [Condusion] The research could provide scientific references for the development and application of brown coal in future.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of lycopene on Parkinson's disease cell model and its possible mechanism.Methods:The SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 0.5μmol/L rotenone for 24 h to establish Parkinson's disea...Objective:To evaluate the effect of lycopene on Parkinson's disease cell model and its possible mechanism.Methods:The SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 0.5μmol/L rotenone for 24 h to establish Parkinson's disease cell model.The experiments were randomly divided into the control group,the lycopene group,the rotenone group,the pretreatment groups of different concentrations lycopene(low,medium,high concentration).Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay,the morphological changes of cells were observed under an inverted microscope,Hoechst staining was used to observe cell apoptosis,the expression and distribution of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker proteins GRP78 and CHOP in each group were detected by Western blot and cell immunofluorescence.Results:The study found that compared with the control group,the cell viability in the rotenone group was significantly decreased with obvious apoptosis;compared with the rotenone group,the cell viability of the lycopene pretreatment group was improved,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The apoptosis in the lycopene pretreatment group was decreased.The expression of GRP78 and CHOP in the rotenone group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01),while the expression of both in the high concentration lycopene pretreatment group was lower than that in the rotenone group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Lycopene pretreatment had a significant protective effect on rotenone-induced SH-SY5Y cells,which may be related to the fact that lycopene pretreatment can effectively alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress in SH-SY5Y cells damaged by rotenone.展开更多
[ Objective l The study aimed to discuss the optimal conditions of extracting humic acids from brown coal using hydrogen peroxide （H202）. [ Method] Fulvic acid （FA） was prepared through oxidizing the brown coal fr...[ Objective l The study aimed to discuss the optimal conditions of extracting humic acids from brown coal using hydrogen peroxide （H202）. [ Method] Fulvic acid （FA） was prepared through oxidizing the brown coal from Qujing City, Yunnan Province using H202, and humic acids were extracted from the original brown coal and its residues respectively, then the dominate constituents of humic acids were obtained by using pH grading method, finally their chemical composition of humid acids was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and func- tional group content analysis. [Result] The mass ratio of the brown coal and oxidant affected the yield of FA most obviously, followed by oxidization temperature and duration, while oxidant concentration had no obvious effect. The optimum conditions were determined as follows： coal-oxidant ratio was 1 ： 0.60, oxidization temperature was 45 ℃, oxidization duration was 210 min, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was 20%. Under the conditions, the yield of FA was up to 20.40%. Analysis of component properties indicated that the content of carboxyl and total acidic groups in FA improved obviously under the optimum conditions, and the content of active functional groups in OHA was higher than that of HA, while the domi- nate constituents of OHA needed higher pH during precipitation compared with those of HA. [ Conclusion] The research could provide a new method to prepare good humic acids using brown coal,展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2200505)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22202105),Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(21KJA150003)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Program of Jiangsu Province(JSSCTD202345).
文摘Photocatalytic transfer hydrogenation using water as the proton source has emerged as an attractive and green approach for the catalytic reduction of unsaturated bonds.Herein,we report an oxygen-defective TiO_(2)-supported palladium catalyst(Pd-TiO_(2)-Ov)for efficient photocatalytic water-donating transfer hydrogenation of anethole towards 4-n-propylanisole in a high yield of 99.9%,which is significantly higher compared to the pristine TiO_(2)-supported palladium catalyst(Pd-TiO_(2),74%).The enhanced performance is ascribed to the presence of oxygen vacancies,which facilitate light absorption and suppress the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.Furthermore,the Pd-TiO_(2)-Ov is versatile in hydrogenating various alkene substrates including those with hydroxyl,ether,fluoride,and chloride functional groups in full conversion,thus offering a green method for transfer hydrogenation of alkenes.This study provides new insights and advances in current hydrogenation technology with water as the proton source.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:42377249,52476183National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFD2201605。
文摘Reverse water-gas shift(RWGS) reaction-aided sustainable CO_(2) conversion has emerged as one promising and effective approach for simultaneously mitigating climate change and solidifying energy security.Molybdenum carbide-based catalysts demonstrate excellent selectivity for sustainably transforming CO_(2) into CO product,but harsh carburization syntheses and insufficient catalytic activity and stability significantly hinder their related commercial applications.Herein,a facile "insideout" synthesis strategy was proposed to fabricate dispersed Cu clusters on sub-2 nm α-MoC nanoislands confined in pyridinic nitrogen-doped carbon(Cu-MoC/NC).This catalyst achieves the highest CO_(2) conversion rate of 2583.4 mmol_(CO_(2)) g_(cat)^(-1) h^(-1)compared to those of all reported Mo-based catalysts,and maintains excellent catalytic stability for 500 h under a low H_(2) partial pressure.Combined with X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS) and density functional theory(DFT) calculations,the electronegativity of pyridinic nitrogen intensifies the electron deficiency of α-MoC and strengthens the chemisorption of Cu clusters on α-MoC nanoislands surface,facilitating the electronic interaction and stability of Cu-MoC interface.This pyridinic nitrogenmodified Cu-MoC interface promotes the CO_(2) bridged adsorption at the interface and thus boosts C=O bond scissoring,inducing the transition of rate-limiting step and energy barrier reduction of the key intermediates.This interfacial engineering provides a sustainable and efficient strategy for improving both catalytic activity and stability of RWGS reaction to transform CO_(2) into value-added fuels and chemicals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 32471851,32171759 and 32201533)Jiangxi Province Ganpo Juncai Support Plan(2024BCE50043).
文摘Soil organic carbon in forest affects nutrient availability,microbial processes,and organic matter inputs.Dominant tree species have increasingly shifted from ectomycorrhizal to arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in subtropical forests.However,the consequences of this shift for soil organic carbon is poorly understood.To address this,a field study was conducted across a natural gradient of arbuscular tree associations to investigate how different mycorrhizal associations affect soil organic carbon quantity,composition,chemical stability,and related soil properties.Soil organic carbon fractions,functional groups,microbial enzyme activities were analyzed.Results showed that increasing arbuscular mycorrhizal dominance was associated with declines in total soil organic carbon,particularly in recalcitrant and aromatic carbon forms.Ectomycorrhizaldominated forests exhibited higher nitrogen availability and elevated nitrogen-hydrolyzing enzyme activity,suggesting enhanced nitrogen acquisition strategies that suppress soil organic carbon decomposition and promote carbon retention.These findings indicate that mycorrhizal-mediated shifts in tree composition may significantly alter soil carbon sequestration potential.Incorporating mycorrhizal functional traits into forest management and carbon modeling could improve predictions of soil organic carbon responses under future environmental change.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China for Excellent Young Scientists Fund(32222058)Fundamental Research Foundation of CAF(CAFYBB2022QB001).
文摘Developing biomass platform compounds into high value-added chemicals is a key step in renewable resource utilization.Herein,we report porous carbon-supported Ni-ZnO nanoparticles catalyst(Ni-ZnO/AC)synthesized via low-temperature coprecipitation,exhibiting excellent performance for the selective hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF).A linear correlation is first observed between solvent polarity(E_(T)(30))and product selectivity within both polar aprotic and protic solvent classes,suggesting that solvent properties play a vital role in directing reaction pathways.Among these,1,4-dioxane(aprotic)favors the formation of 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan(BHMF)with 97.5%selectivity,while isopropanol(iPrOH,protic)promotes 2,5-dimethylfuran production with up to 99.5%selectivity.Mechanistic investigations further reveal that beyond polarity,proton-donating ability is critical in facilitating hydrodeoxygenation.iPrOH enables a hydrogen shuttle mechanism where protons assist in hydroxyl group removal,lowering the activation barrier.In contrast,1,4-dioxane,lacking hydrogen bond donors,stabilizes BHMF and hinders further conversion.Density functional theory calculations confirm a lower activation energy in iPrOH(0.60 eV)compared to 1,4-dioxane(1.07 eV).This work offers mechanistic insights and a practical strategy for solvent-mediated control of product selectivity in biomass hydrogenation,highlighting the decisive role of solvent-catalyst-substrate interactions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201497)for the financial support of this research。
文摘Silicon(Si)is considered one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity.However,its application is significantly limited by severe volume expansion,leading to structural degradation and poor cycling stability.Polymer binders play a critical role in addressing these issues by providing mechanical stabilization.Inspired by the mechanically adaptive architecture of spider webs,where stiff radial threads and extensible spiral threads act in synergy,a dual-thread architecture polymer binder(PALT)with energy dissipation ability enabled by integrating rigid and flexible domains is designed.The rigid poly(acrylic acid lithium)(PAALi)segments offer structural reinforcement,while the soft segments(poly(lipoic acid-tannic acid),LT)introduce dynamic covalent bonds and multiple hydrogen bonds that function as reversible sacrificial bonds,enhancing energy dissipation during cycling.Comprehensive experimental and computational analyses demonstrate effectively reduced stress concentration,improved structural integrity,and stable electrochemical performance over prolonged cycling.The silicon anode incorporating the PALT binder exhibits a satisfying capacity loss per cycle of 0.042% during 350 charge/discharge cycles at 3580 m A g^(-1).This work highlights a bioinspired binder design strategy that combines intrinsic rigidity with dynamic stress adaptability to advance the mechanical and electrochemical stability of silicon anodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378368).
文摘The blood-brain barrier(BBB)is a major challenge in drug delivery for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.Walnut derived peptide TWLPLPR(TW-7)has been proved to promote neuronal mitochondrial autophagy and enhance hippocampal neuronal synaptic plasticity,thereby improving learning and memory abilities in mice.We investigated the internalization mechanism and intracellular transport pathway for the walnut-derived peptide,TW-7,using b End.3 cells in an in vitro BBB model system.TW-7 was taken up by the b End.3 cells in a concentration-,temperature-,and energy-dependent manner;this involved increases in caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 protein expression and phosphorylation and inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux.Subcellular localization of TW-7 in b End.3 cells was observed,indicating that the plasma membrane,endoplasmic reticulum,Golgi apparatus,lysosomes,and mitochondria participated in intracellular trafficking and that the peptide escaped from lysosomes over time.Caveolae may be critical for TW-7 uptake by brain microvascular endothelial cells,assisting TW-7 to cross the BBB.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism of active peptide penetrating the BBB,and provide a reference for developing neuroprotective active peptide products.
文摘The effects of nitrogen(N)deposition on forest soil organic carbon(SOC)are largely unclear,likely due to the divergent responses of particulate(POC)and mineral-associated carbon(MAOC).Conventional understory inorganic N(UIN)additions neglect canopy processes and the impacts of organic N,potentially misevaluating N deposition effects.This study was conducted in a long-term N addition experiment established in a Moso bamboo forest,which included six treatments combining canopy and understory N additions with organic(urea glycine)and inorganic(NH_(4)NO_(3))forms at a rate of 50 kg N·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1).Litterbags were installed for a two-year decomposition experiment and collected at quarterly intervals,together with concurrent soil sampling under litterbags at 0–10 cm depth.We aimed to examine the effects of canopy vs.understory N addition and organic vs.inorganic N form on soil POC and MAOC concentrations.Our results showed that canopy N additions significantly reduced POC(ased POC-15.9%)but did not affect MAOC(P>0.05).Conversely,understory N additions significantly incre(30.9%)and decreased MAOC(and fungal diversity(FuD),-28.9%).Canopy N additions decreased POC by enhancing peroxidase activity while understory N additions promoted POC by inhibiting litter decomposition.Additionally,understory N addition-induced soil acidification decreased soil Ca^(2+)concentration,microbial carbon use efficiency,and bacterial necromass C,as well as the release of litter water-soluble compounds,thereby inhibiting MAOC.Moreover,nitrogen forms(organic vs.inorganic)had no effect on SOC fractions.Our findings underscore that canopy and understory N addition approaches differentially regulate SOC fractions by altering litter decomposition–microbial–mineral interactions,and the understory approach may overestimate soil POC gain and MAOC loss driven by atmospheric N deposition.
基金the National Natural Science of China(31272199)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2020D038).
文摘Venation is a common anthocyanin pattern displayed in flowers that confers important ornamental traits to plants.An anthocyanin-related R2R3-MYB transcription factor,DPL,has been proposed to regulate corolla tube venation in petunia plants.Here,however,we provide evidence redefining the role of DPL in petunia.A CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of DPL resulted in the absence of the vein-associated anthocyanin pattern above the abaxial surface of the flower bud,but not corolla tube venation,thus indicating that DPL did not regulate the formation of corolla tube venation.Alternately,quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that the spatiotemporal expression pattern of another R2R3-MYB gene,AN4,coincided with the formation of corolla tube venation in petunia.Furthermore,overexpression of AN4 promoted anthocyanin accumulation by increasing the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes.CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of AN4 led to an absence of corolla tube venation,suggesting that this gene in fact determines this key plant trait.Taken together,the results presented here redefine the prime regulator of corolla tube venation,paving the way for further studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying the various venation patterns in petunia.
文摘The effect of austenite deformation on the pearlite microstructure of eutectoid steel w as investigated by hot uniaxial compression tests using a Gleeble 1500 thermo-mechanical simulator. The results show ed that the deformation of the austenite phase accelerated the transformation of pearlite,leading to a smaller colony size and a smaller interlamellar space of pearlite; meanw hile,the orientation of pearlite lamellae became more heterogeneous,and the lamellar thickness decreased. Larger strain of austenite w as observed to accelerate the spheroidization process of carbides w ithin pearlite colonies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21976156)。
文摘Acrylamide is classified as a Class 2A carcinogen and mainly metabolized to produce hepatotoxicity.Phosphatidylcholine is thought to protect the liver from damage,but the protective role of phosphatidylcholine on acrylamide-exposed metabolic disorders remains unclear.We investigated protective effect of phosphatidylcholine on the hepatic metabolism in rats exposed to acrylamide using metabolomics and molecular biology approaches.Overall,32 endogenous effect biomarkers and 4 exposure biomarkers were identified as differential signature metabolites responsible for acrylamide exposure and phosphatidylcholine protection.Acrylamide exposure interferes with glutathione metabolism by consuming antioxidant glutathione,cysteine and L-ascorbic acid,and disrupts lipid and carbohydrate metabolism through reducing carnitine content and increasing lipid peroxidation.The phosphatidylcholine treatment reduces the expression of cytochrome P4502E1,alleviates the oxidative stress and inflammation of the liver,and stabilizes the content of glutathione,and thus alleviates the disorder of glutathione.Meanwhile,phosphatidylcholine shifted acrylamide-induced phosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidylcholine to storage from lysophosphatidylcholine to diacylglycerol,thereby maintaining metabolic homeostasis of glycerophospholipid.The results suggested that phosphatidylcholine supplementation alleviate the disorder of glutathione and lipid metabolism caused by acrylamide exposure,but not significantly change the levels of mercapturic acid adducts of acrylamide,providing the evidence for phosphatidylcholine protection against acrylamide-induced liver injury.
基金funded by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(No.32001327)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFD2200304-2).
文摘As global warming persistently alters and rapidly reshapes landscapes and habitats, conventional species distribution models relying solely on maintaining static conditions within the current climate are likely to falter, particularly at the genus level. Hence, we hypothesize that climate change will differentially affect ecological niches of the same genus species with various latitudinal positioning and local topography, and the high-latitude species may experience greater niche contraction than low-latitude species, and that mountainous regions with high elevational variability may serve as critical climate refugia. Herein, we simulate niche alterations and integrate an ensemble model(EM) strategy, taking into account species dispersal limitations factors(topography, soil, and ultraviolet), to construct a comprehensive habitat suitability(CHS) model for assessing the future vulnerability of the Betula genus, most of which are timber species in China. Our findings reveal that the niche spatial(geographic distribution) of most species(62%) within the Betula genus will undergo a gradual decline under climate change, supporting our hypothesis of latitudinal differentiation in climate vulnerability. Intriguingly, the projected high-latitude niche reduction within the genus cannot be counterbalanced by the anticipated niche expansion of closely related species in low-latitude regions, even considering the evident latitudinal gradient distribution of species. Nonetheless, the niche spatial of six Betula species in southwestern China remains stable or expands under warming scenarios, strongly supporting our secondary hypothesis about topographic buffering effects, which probably means the unique topography(i.e., the largest elevation difference) of this region may serve as a sanctuary for preserving Betula genetic diversity. Our results underscore the uncertain nature of pre-existing niche systems at the genus level under climate change, emphasizing the need for diligent resource management and conservation planning for vulnerable timber species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32502324 and 32372417)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20250704)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(25KJB550010)Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Program.
文摘T-2 toxin is a widespread trichothecene mycotoxin in cereals with biological inhibitory activity.Rapid,sensitive,and accurate determination of T-2 toxin in food holds paramount importance to ensure food safety.Herein,a novel label-free fluorescent aptasensor was developed for the highly sensitive and homogeneous detection of T-2 toxin.The sensor platform is based on multivalent aptamer-encoded DNA flowers(Mul-DNFs),which were self-assembled from long DNA amplicons generated by a rolling circle amplification(RCA)reaction,endowing them with a high density of T-2 toxin recognition units and thus excellent binding properties.A simple and effective system was created by directly incorporating the fluorescent dye SYBR Green I into the nanostructures during the RCA process and enabling detection by triggering signal changes upon aptamer-target binding.The platform demonstrated outstanding analytical performance,exhibiting a wide linear detection range of 0.002-500 ng mL^(-1)and an ultralow limit of detection(LOD)of 0.76 pg mL^(-1).The method showed high precision,with a relative standard deviation(RSD)of 3.6%.Crucially,the aptasensor was successfully applied to the quantifi-cation of T-2 toxin in real food matrices(corn,wheat,oats,and beer),achieving excellent recoveries of 95.8-107.7%.These findings highlight the potential of this Mul-DNF-based aptasensor as a robust and versatile platform for the rapid screening of hazardous substances in food safety and environmental monitoring.
基金supported by the grant from Shaanxi Technology Committee of China,No.2013JM4001the China Scholarship Council(CSC)
文摘Our previous study showed an association between advanced glycation end products （AGEs） and neural tube defects （NTDs）. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of AGEs on neural tube development, C57BL/6 female mice were fed for 4 weeks with com- mercial food containing 3% advanced glycation end product bovine serum albumin （AGE-BSA） or 3% bovine serum albumin （BSA） as a control. After mating mice, oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde and H202 were measured at embryonic day 7.5 （E7.5） of ges- tation, and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） in embryonic cells was determined at E8.5. In addition to evaluating NTDs, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the effect of embryonic protein administration on the N-（carboxymethyl） lysine reactivity of acid and carboxyethyl lysine antibodies at E10.5. The results showed a remarkable increase in the incidence of NTDs at El0.5 in embryos of mice fed with AGE-BSA （no hyperglycemia） compared with control mice. Moreover, embryonic protein administration resulted in a noticeable increase in the reactivity of N-（carboxymethyl） lysine and N（ε）-（carboxyethyl） lysine antibodies. Malondialdehyde and H2O2 levels in embryonic cells were increased at E7.5, followed by increased intracellular ROS levels at E8.5. Vitamin E supplementation could partially recover these phenomena. Collectively, these results suggest that AGE-BSA could induce NTDs in the absence of hyperglycemia by an underlying mechanism that is at least partially associated with its capacity to increase embryonic oxidative stress levels.
基金This project was supported by the Forestry Department Foundation of Guizhou Province of China(No.[2018]13)Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province(Nos.Qiankehe[2020]1Y125,[2019]1170)+2 种基金the Scientific and Technological Research Project of Guizhou Province(Nos.Qiankehe NY[2019]2325,[2019]2308)Education Department Foundation of Guizhou Province of China(Nos.QianJiaoHe KY Zi[2017]003,[2017]136)the Science and Technology Plan of Guizhou Province(No.Qiankehe Platform Talent[2017]5788).
文摘Lignin is an abundant renewable macromolecular material in nature,and degradation of lignin to improve its hydroxyl content is the key to its efficient use.Alkali lignin(AL)was treated with Brønsted acidic deep eutectic solvent(DES)based on choline chloride and p-toluenesulfonic acid at mild reaction temperature,the structure of the lignin before and after degradation,as well as the composition of small molecules of lignin were analyzed in order to investigate the chemical structure changes of lignin with DES treatment,and the degradation mechanism of lignin in this acidic DES was elucidated in this work.FTIR and NMR analyses demonstrated the selective cleavage of the lignin ether linkages in the degradation process,which was in line with the increased content of phenolic hydroxyl species.XPS revealed that the O/C atomic ratio of the regenerated lignin was lower than that of the AL sample,revealing that the lignin underwent decarbonylation during the DES treatment.Regenerated lignin with low molecular weight and narrow polydispersity index was obtained,and the average molecular weight(Mw)decreased from 17680 g/mol to 2792 g/mol(130°C,3 h)according to GPC analysis.The lignin-degraded products were mainly G-type phenolics and ketones,and small number of aldehydes were also generated,the possible degradation pathway of lignin in this acidic DES was proposed.
基金supported by the Program of Science and Technology Innovation Talents Team,Guizhou Province(20144001)the Provincial Outstanding Graduate Program for Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control(Qianjiaoyanhe ZYRC(2013)010)+1 种基金the Innovation Team Program for Systematic and Applied Acarology([2014]33)the Program for Social Development by Department of Science and Technology of Guizhou Province(SY[2012]3192)
文摘In this work, two new species belonging to the family Tenuialidae from China are described： Tenuiala hubeiensis sp. nov., Hafenrefferia eurycuspis sp. nov. Two species, Tenuiala nuda Ewing, 1913 and Hafenrefferia gilvipes （Koch, 1839）, are reported for the first time in China. A key is provided for adult identification of the world known species of Tenuialidae. All examined specimens are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Universiy （GUGC）, Guiyang, Guizhou.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270476)。
文摘This study reported two new species:Newsteadia multipori Zheng&Wu,sp.nov.,collected from pine needle litter in Guizhou Province,are described and illustrated for its adult female,male,and first-,second-and third-instar nymphs;N.chebalingensis Zheng&Wu,sp.nov.,collected from broad leaf litter in Guangdong Province,are described and illustrated for its adult female and first-instar nymph.Identification keys are provided to the adult females of Newsteadia species known in China and to the adult males of Newsteadia species known worldwide.
基金Supported by the Bidding Project of Qujing Normal University(2011ZB005)
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to extract fulvic acid from brown coal using N-Mn-TiO2 as a catalyst and H2O2 or HNO3 as an oxidizer. [Method] The effects of catalyst N-Mn-TiO2 on the yield and structure of fuMc acid were studied, and the content of functional groups in fulvic acid was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. [ Reselt] Two catalysts could improved the yield of fulvic acid, that is, catalyst 1 （N： Mn： 13 = 16： 0.001：1, roasting temperature was 400 ℃） and catalyst 2 （N： Mn： Ti = 16： 0.001：1, roasting temperature was 100 ℃） increased OFA yield by 10.69% and 32.17% and NFA by 8.61% and 7.49% respectively. After the addition of catalysts, the content of total acid radicals in OFA changed little, and carboxyi content increased slightly, but phenolic hydroxyl content decreased. When HNO3 was used as an oxidizer, the content of total acid radicals and phenolic hydroxyl in NFA decreased. In addition, the structure of OFA was different from that of NFA. [Condusion] The research could provide scientific references for the development and application of brown coal in future.
基金Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province(No.2013B060300038)Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Medical University(No.GDMUM2019029)。
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of lycopene on Parkinson's disease cell model and its possible mechanism.Methods:The SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 0.5μmol/L rotenone for 24 h to establish Parkinson's disease cell model.The experiments were randomly divided into the control group,the lycopene group,the rotenone group,the pretreatment groups of different concentrations lycopene(low,medium,high concentration).Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay,the morphological changes of cells were observed under an inverted microscope,Hoechst staining was used to observe cell apoptosis,the expression and distribution of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker proteins GRP78 and CHOP in each group were detected by Western blot and cell immunofluorescence.Results:The study found that compared with the control group,the cell viability in the rotenone group was significantly decreased with obvious apoptosis;compared with the rotenone group,the cell viability of the lycopene pretreatment group was improved,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The apoptosis in the lycopene pretreatment group was decreased.The expression of GRP78 and CHOP in the rotenone group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01),while the expression of both in the high concentration lycopene pretreatment group was lower than that in the rotenone group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Lycopene pretreatment had a significant protective effect on rotenone-induced SH-SY5Y cells,which may be related to the fact that lycopene pretreatment can effectively alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress in SH-SY5Y cells damaged by rotenone.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Foundation of Educational Commission of Yunnan Province,China (08C0186)
文摘[ Objective l The study aimed to discuss the optimal conditions of extracting humic acids from brown coal using hydrogen peroxide （H202）. [ Method] Fulvic acid （FA） was prepared through oxidizing the brown coal from Qujing City, Yunnan Province using H202, and humic acids were extracted from the original brown coal and its residues respectively, then the dominate constituents of humic acids were obtained by using pH grading method, finally their chemical composition of humid acids was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and func- tional group content analysis. [Result] The mass ratio of the brown coal and oxidant affected the yield of FA most obviously, followed by oxidization temperature and duration, while oxidant concentration had no obvious effect. The optimum conditions were determined as follows： coal-oxidant ratio was 1 ： 0.60, oxidization temperature was 45 ℃, oxidization duration was 210 min, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was 20%. Under the conditions, the yield of FA was up to 20.40%. Analysis of component properties indicated that the content of carboxyl and total acidic groups in FA improved obviously under the optimum conditions, and the content of active functional groups in OHA was higher than that of HA, while the domi- nate constituents of OHA needed higher pH during precipitation compared with those of HA. [ Conclusion] The research could provide a new method to prepare good humic acids using brown coal,
