The performance of a Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is closely related to the capability of the implemented routing protocol to adapt itself to unpredictable changes of topology network and link status. The Optimized L...The performance of a Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is closely related to the capability of the implemented routing protocol to adapt itself to unpredictable changes of topology network and link status. The Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol is a one key of the proactive routing protocols for MANETs. It is based on the multi-point relays (MPRs) technique to reach all nodes in the network with a limited number of broadcasts. In this paper, we propose new versions of the original OLSR protocol based on a new mobility parameter, in the goal to enhance and adapt it in the presence of the mobility. For this objective we define new three criterions for MPRs selection. The first criteria take for selection, just the mobility of nodes at one-hop. The two others criterions are based on both mobility of nodes at one-hop and two-hops.展开更多
Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs), characterized by the free move of mobile nodes are more vulnerable to the trivial Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks such as replay attacks. A replay attacker performs this attack at anyt...Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs), characterized by the free move of mobile nodes are more vulnerable to the trivial Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks such as replay attacks. A replay attacker performs this attack at anytime and anywhere in the network by interception and retransmission of the valid signed messages. Consequently, the MANET performance is severally degraded by the overhead produced by the redundant valid messages. In this paper, we propose an enhancement of timestamp discrepancy used to validate a signed message and consequently limiting the impact of a replay attack. Our proposed timestamp concept estimates approximately the time where the message is received and validated by the received node. This estimation is based on the existing parameters defined at the 802.11 MAC layer.展开更多
Global public health faces substantial challenges from malignant tumors and infectious diseases.Vaccination provides an approach for treating and preventing these diseases.Oral vaccinations are particularly advantageo...Global public health faces substantial challenges from malignant tumors and infectious diseases.Vaccination provides an approach for treating and preventing these diseases.Oral vaccinations are particularly advantageous in disease treatment and prevention due to their non-invasive nature,high patient compliance,convenience,cost-effectiveness,and capacity to stimulate comprehensive and adaptive immune responses.However,the overwhelming majority of oral vaccines remain in experimental development,struggling with clinical and commercial translation due to their suboptimal efficacy.Thus,enhancing scientists’understanding of the interaction between vaccines and gastrointestinal immune system,creating antigen delivery systems suitable for the gut mucosal environment,developing more potent antigenic epitopes,and using personalized combination therapies are critical for advancing the next generation of oral vaccines.This article explores the fundamental principles and applications of current oral anti-tumor and anti-infective vaccines and discusses considerations necessary for designing future oral vaccines.展开更多
文摘The performance of a Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is closely related to the capability of the implemented routing protocol to adapt itself to unpredictable changes of topology network and link status. The Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol is a one key of the proactive routing protocols for MANETs. It is based on the multi-point relays (MPRs) technique to reach all nodes in the network with a limited number of broadcasts. In this paper, we propose new versions of the original OLSR protocol based on a new mobility parameter, in the goal to enhance and adapt it in the presence of the mobility. For this objective we define new three criterions for MPRs selection. The first criteria take for selection, just the mobility of nodes at one-hop. The two others criterions are based on both mobility of nodes at one-hop and two-hops.
文摘Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs), characterized by the free move of mobile nodes are more vulnerable to the trivial Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks such as replay attacks. A replay attacker performs this attack at anytime and anywhere in the network by interception and retransmission of the valid signed messages. Consequently, the MANET performance is severally degraded by the overhead produced by the redundant valid messages. In this paper, we propose an enhancement of timestamp discrepancy used to validate a signed message and consequently limiting the impact of a replay attack. Our proposed timestamp concept estimates approximately the time where the message is received and validated by the received node. This estimation is based on the existing parameters defined at the 802.11 MAC layer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82472132 and 82072060)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SWU-XDPY22006 and SWU-KQ22075,China)+2 种基金the Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees(2205012980212766,China)the Distinguished Young Scholars of Chongqing(2022NSCQ-JQX5279,China)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2021jcyj-cxtt0005,China).
文摘Global public health faces substantial challenges from malignant tumors and infectious diseases.Vaccination provides an approach for treating and preventing these diseases.Oral vaccinations are particularly advantageous in disease treatment and prevention due to their non-invasive nature,high patient compliance,convenience,cost-effectiveness,and capacity to stimulate comprehensive and adaptive immune responses.However,the overwhelming majority of oral vaccines remain in experimental development,struggling with clinical and commercial translation due to their suboptimal efficacy.Thus,enhancing scientists’understanding of the interaction between vaccines and gastrointestinal immune system,creating antigen delivery systems suitable for the gut mucosal environment,developing more potent antigenic epitopes,and using personalized combination therapies are critical for advancing the next generation of oral vaccines.This article explores the fundamental principles and applications of current oral anti-tumor and anti-infective vaccines and discusses considerations necessary for designing future oral vaccines.
