With the advances in medicine and technology,life expectancy has increased significantly in recent decades.While this is positive news,it also brings major challenges to public health systems.As people live longer,the...With the advances in medicine and technology,life expectancy has increased significantly in recent decades.While this is positive news,it also brings major challenges to public health systems.As people live longer,the number of cases of agerelated disorders,including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD),has also grown.展开更多
Ouricuri endocarp was utilized as a biosorbent for the recovery of europium(Eu(Ⅲ))from aqueous solutions and rare earth elements(REEs)from authentic leachate derived from phosphogypsum,which encompasses various REEs....Ouricuri endocarp was utilized as a biosorbent for the recovery of europium(Eu(Ⅲ))from aqueous solutions and rare earth elements(REEs)from authentic leachate derived from phosphogypsum,which encompasses various REEs.Various characterization techniques were applied to analyze the physicochemical and adsorptive properties of the biosorbent.The results indicate that the adsorption kinetic data conform well to the pseudo-first-order model,while the Liu model describes the equilibrium data well.Ouricuri endocarp and Eu interactions are favorable and spontaneous.The maximum adsorption capacity for Eu(Ⅲ)is determined to be 22.9 mg/g according to the Liu model.Based on experimental results and adsorbent characteristics,the proposed adsorption mechanisms between ouricuri endocarp and Eu include ion exchange and electrostatic interactions as the primary mechanisms.The Eu(Ⅲ)recovery is also feasible as a continuous flow process demonstrating inclined breakthrough curves and lower values of the length of the mass transfer zone.Ouricuri endocarp demonstrates its selectivity for recovering various REEs from authentic phosphogypsum leachate.It achieves a 98%recovery rate for Eu and approximately 60%for Ce,La,and Nd,affirming its efficacy under real-world conditions.Finally,concentration of REE was done by ashing loaded ouricuri endocarp,and a solid with around 34%(in weight)of REE is obtained.展开更多
AIM: To establish whether virulence factor genes vacA and cagA are present in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) retrieved from gastric mucosa and dental plaque in pa-tients with dyspepsia. METHODS: Cumulative dental pla...AIM: To establish whether virulence factor genes vacA and cagA are present in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) retrieved from gastric mucosa and dental plaque in pa-tients with dyspepsia. METHODS: Cumulative dental plaque specimens and gastric biopsies were submitted to histological exami-nation, rapid urease test and polymerase chain reac-tion (PCR) assays to detect the presence of cagA and vacA polymorphisms.RESULTS: Detection of H. pylori from dental plaque and gastric biopsy samples was greater by PCR com-pared to histological examination and the rapid ure-ase test. DNA from H. pylori was detected in 96% of gastric mucosa samples and in 72% of dental plaque samples. Sixty-three (89%) of 71 dental plaque sam-ples that were H. pylori-positive also exhibited identical vacA and cagA genotypes in gastric mucosa. The most common genotype was vacAs1bm1 and cagA positive, either in dental plaque or gastric mucosa. These viru-lent H. pylori isolates were involved in the severity of clinical outcome.CONCLUSION: These pathogenic strains were found simultaneously in dental plaque and gastric mucosa, which suggests that gastric infection is correlated with the presence of H. pylori in the mouth.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the use of photogrammetry and identify the mathematical procedures applied when evaluating spinal posture.METHODS:A systematic search using keywords was conducted in the Pub Med,EMBASE,Scopus,Science a...AIM:To evaluate the use of photogrammetry and identify the mathematical procedures applied when evaluating spinal posture.METHODS:A systematic search using keywords was conducted in the Pub Med,EMBASE,Scopus,Science and Medicine®databases.The following inclusion criteria adopted were:(1)the use of photogrammetry as a method to evaluate spinal posture;(2)evaluations of spinal curvature in the sagittal and/or frontal plane;(3)studies published within the last three decades;and(4)written entirely in English.The exclusion criteria were:(1)studies which objective involved the verification of some aspect of validation of instruments;(2)studies published as abstracts and those published in scientific events;and(3)studies using evaluation of the anteriorization of the head to determine the angular positioning of the cervical spine.The articles in this review were included and evaluated for their methodological quality,based on the Downs and Black scale,by two independent reviewers.RESULTS:Initially,1758 articles were found,76 of which were included upon reading the full texts and 29 were included in accordance with the predetermined criteria.In addition,after analyzing the references in those articles,a further six articles were selected,so that 35 articles were included in this review.This systematic review revealed that the photogrammetry has been using in observational studies.Furthermore,it was also found that,although the data collection methodologies are similar across the studies,in relation to aspects of data analysis,the methodologies are very different,especially regarding the mathematical routines employed to support different postural evaluation software.CONCLUSION:With photogrammetry,the aim of the assessment,whether it is for clinical,research or collective health purposes,must be considered when choosing which protocol to use to evaluate spinal posture.展开更多
Background:The steady-state increase in muscle force generating potential following a lengthening contraction is called residual force enhancement(RFE).In this study,we aimed to test for differences in torque,electrom...Background:The steady-state increase in muscle force generating potential following a lengthening contraction is called residual force enhancement(RFE).In this study,we aimed to test for differences in torque,electromyographic activity(EMG),and the associated neuromuscular efficiency(NME)between isometric voluntary contractions of elbow flexors preceded and not preceded by a lengthening contraction.The dependence of such differences on(i)stretch amplitude,(ii)the region of the force-length(FxL)relationship where contraction occurs,and(iii)the individual's ability to produce(negative)work during the stretch was investigated.Methods:Sixteen healthy adults participated in the study.Elbow flexor torque,angle,and biceps brachii EMG for purely isometric contractions(reference contractions)and for isometric contractions preceded by active stretches of 20°and 40°were measured at the ascending,plateau,and descending regions of subject-specific FxL curves.All contractions were performed in an isokinetic dynamometer.Two-factor(stretch×FxL region)repeated measures analysis of variance ANOVAs was used to analyze the effect of active stretch on EMG,torque,and NME across conditions.The relationships between mechanical work during stretch-calculated as the torque-angular displacement integral-and the changes in EMG,torque,and NME were analyzed using Pearson correlation.Results:In general,torque,EMG,and NME following active stretches differed from the values observed for the purely isometric reference contractions.While although the detailed effects of active stretch on torque and EMG differed between regions of the FxL relationship,NME increased by about 19%for all muscle lengths.Up to 30%of the interindividual variability in torque generating potential change in response to active stretching was accounted for by differences in(negative)work capacity between subjects.Conclusion:Our results suggest that(i)RFE contributes to"flatten"the elbow flexor torque-angle relationship,favoring torque production at lengths where the purely isometric torques are reduced substantially,and(ii)RFE contributes to a reduction in energy cost of torque production during isometric contractions for the entire operating range.展开更多
Purpose:To investigate whether blood flow restriction(BFR) without concomitant exercise mitigated strength reduction and atrophy of thigh muscles in subjects under immobilization for lower limbs.Methods:The following ...Purpose:To investigate whether blood flow restriction(BFR) without concomitant exercise mitigated strength reduction and atrophy of thigh muscles in subjects under immobilization for lower limbs.Methods:The following databases were searched:PubMed,CINAHL,PEDro,Web of Science,Central,and Scopus.Results:The search identified 3 eligible studies,and the total sample in the identified studies consisted of 38 participants.Isokinetic and isometric torque of the knee flexors and extensors was examined in 2 studies.Cross-sectional area of thigh muscles was evaluated in 1 study,and thigh girth was measured in 2 studies.The BFR protocol was 5 sets of 5 min of occlusion and 3 min of free flow,twice daily for approximately 2 weeks.As a whole,the included studies indicate that BFR without exercise is able to minimize strength reduction and muscular atrophy after immobilization.It is crucial to emphasize,however,that the included studies showed a high risk of bias,especially regarding allocation concealment,blinding of outcome assessment,intention-to-treat analyses,and group similarity at baseline.Conclusion:Although potentially useful,the high risk of bias presented by original stodies limits the indication of BFR without concomitant exercise as an effective countermeasure against strength reduction and atrophy mediated by immobilization.展开更多
AIM: To characterize APC gene mutations and correlate them with patient phenotypes in individuals diagnosed with familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP) in northern Brazil. METHODS: A total of 15 individuals diagnosed wit...AIM: To characterize APC gene mutations and correlate them with patient phenotypes in individuals diagnosed with familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP) in northern Brazil. METHODS: A total of 15 individuals diagnosed with FAP from 5 different families from the north of Brazil were analyzed in this study. In addition to patients with histopathological diagnosis of FAP,family members who had not developed the disease were also tested in order to identify mutations and for possible genetic counseling. All analyzed patients or their guardians signed a consent form approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Jo?o de Barros Barreto University Hospital(Belem,Brazil). DNA extracted from the peripheral blood of a member of each of the affected families was subjected to direct sequencing. The proband of each family was sequenced to identify germline mutations using the Ion Torrent platform. To validate the detected mutations,Sanger sequencing was also performed. The samples from all patients were also tested for the identification of mutations by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction using the amplification refractory mutation system. RESULTS: Through interviews with relatives and a search of medical records,it was possible to construct genograms for three of the five families included in the study. All 15 patients from the five families with FAP exhibited mutations in the APC gene,and all mutations were detected in exon 15 of the APC gene. In addition to the patients with a histological diagnosis of FAP,family members without disease symptoms showed the mutation in the APC gene. In the present study,we detected two of the three most frequent germline mutations in the literature: the mutation at codon 1309 and the mutation at codon 1061. The presence of c.3956 del C mutation was found in all families from this study,and suggests that this mutation was introduced in the population of the State of Pará through ancestor immigration(i.e.,a de novo mutation that arose in one member belonging to this state from Brazil). CONCLUSION: Regardless of its origin,the c.3956 del C mutation is a strong candidate biomarker of this hereditary cancer syndrome in families of northern Brazil.展开更多
This paper aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of cadmium on growth rates, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic performance, biochemical parameters and structure of chloroplasts in G. domingen...This paper aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of cadmium on growth rates, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic performance, biochemical parameters and structure of chloroplasts in G. domingensis. To accomplish this, apical segments of G. domingensis were cultivated with different concentrations of cadmium, ranging from 100 to 300 μM, over a period of 16 days, and were processed for transmission electron microscopy analysis. The plants exposed to cadmium showed chloroplast alteration, especially degeneration of thylakoids and a decrease in the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a and phycobiliproteins. However, the volume of plastoglobuli increased. As a defense mechanism, the plants treated with cadmium showed an increase in glutathione reductase activity. These results agree with the decreased photosynthetic performance and relative electron transport rate observed after exposure of algae to cadmium. Taken together, these findings strongly indicate that cadmium negatively affects the ultrastructure and metabolism of the agarophyte G. domingensis, thus posing a threat to the economic vitality of this red macroalga.展开更多
This study was designed to establish the prevalence of HLA-B*5701 at HIV-1 infected individuals in Brazil. A total of 517 consecutive individuals were followed in this study from February 2009 through July 2011. The p...This study was designed to establish the prevalence of HLA-B*5701 at HIV-1 infected individuals in Brazil. A total of 517 consecutive individuals were followed in this study from February 2009 through July 2011. The presence of HLA-B*5701 was determined by Nested-PCR with HLA-B*57 and HLA-B*5701 sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). The expression of HLA-B*57 was negative in the 385 (74.5%) and positive in the 103 (19.9%) of infected individuals. Among these, the expression of HLA-B5701 was positive in the 29 (5.6%) of individuals. No demographic or ethnic differences were found between HLA-B*57/HLA-B*5701 HIV-1 negative patients, with a prevalence of Caucasians (57.1%) individuals. During the period of study, 68 patients were submited to an abacavir contain- ing regimen. The HLA-B*5701 allele was observed in 7 (10.3%) patients, with a significant incidence of Hypersensitivity reactions at 4 of them (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Although Brazilian population consists of a mixture of individuals of Caucasian, African and Native American genetic background, prevalence of HLA-B*5701 in this population is similar to the one found in pure Caucasians.展开更多
Calotropis procera(Aiton)Dryand(Apocynaceae)is a native species in tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia.However,due to its fast growing and drought-tolerant,it has become an invasive species when it was introduced...Calotropis procera(Aiton)Dryand(Apocynaceae)is a native species in tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia.However,due to its fast growing and drought-tolerant,it has become an invasive species when it was introduced into Central and South America,as well as the Caribbean Islands.Currently,C.procera displays a wide distribution in the world.Invasiveness is important,in particular,because many invasive species exert a high reproductive pressure on the invaded communities or are highly productive in their new distributed areas.It has been suggested that a very deep root system and a high capacity to reduce stomatal conductance during water shortage could allow this species to maintain the water status required for a normal function.However,the true mechanism behind the successful distribution of C.procera across wet and dry environments is still unknown.C.procera leaves were collected from 12 natural populations in Brazil,Colombia and Mexico,ranging from wet to dry environments during 2014–2015.Many traits of morphology and anatomy from these distinct morphotypes were evaluated.We found that C.procera leaves had a considerable capacity to adjust their morphological,anatomical and physiological traits to different environments.The magnitude of acclimation responses,i.e.,plasticity,had been hypothesized to reflect the specialized adaptation of plant species to a particular environment.However,allometric models for leaf area(LA)estimation cannot be grouped as a single model.Leaves are narrower and thicker with low amounts of air spaces inside the leaf parenchyma in wet environments,while they are broader and thinner with a small number of palisade cell layers in dry environments.Based on these,we argue that broader and thinner leaves of C.procera dissipate incident energy at the expense of a higher rate of transpiration to survive in environments in which water is the most limiting factor and to compete in favorable wet environments.展开更多
Venom snake-derived peptides have multiple biochemical,pharmacological,and toxicological profiles,allowing for the discovery of new medicinal products and therapeutic applications.This review specifically examines the f...Venom snake-derived peptides have multiple biochemical,pharmacological,and toxicological profiles,allowing for the discovery of new medicinal products and therapeutic applications.This review specifically examines the fundamental elements of neuroprotection offered by different oligopeptides derived from snake venom.It also includes a brief evaluation of short peptides that are being considered as potential therapeutic agents.Proline-rich peptides and tryptophyllin family peptides isolated from the crude venom of Viperidae family snakes,specifically Bothrops atrox,Bothrops jararaca,and Bothrops moojeni,have been shown to have pro-survival properties,the ability to reduce oxidative stress,and the ability to promote cell viability and mitochondrial functions.Three significant mechanisms are related to the neuroprotection mediated by snake venom oligopeptides:(1)Activation of the L-arginine metabolite pathway,such as polyamines from ornithine metabolism,which reduces N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)-type glutamate receptor activity;(2)Enhancement of cell viability by activating the nerve growth factor-signaling pathway;and(3)Activation of the Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M1(mAChR-M1).These small peptides show promise as neuroprotective agents against a variety of neurodegenerative disorders.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate gene polymorphisms and their association with susceptibility to dengue.Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed with 262 subjects,comprising 78 dengue fever(DF) patients, 49 den...Objective: To evaluate gene polymorphisms and their association with susceptibility to dengue.Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed with 262 subjects,comprising 78 dengue fever(DF) patients, 49 dengue hemorrhagic fever(DHF) patients and 135 healthy controls. Genotypic and allelic profiles were identified using polymerase chain reaction based in real time and amplification-refractory mutation system.Results: We observed a protective association of IL-10(-819 C/T) C allele(P = 0.028,OR = 0.56, CI = 0.34–0.91) against DHF, while the C/T(P = 0.047, OR = 2.10,CI = 1.01–4.38) and T/T(P = 0.008, OR = 3.82, CI = 1.38–10.59) genotypes were associated with DHF and DF, respectively. The dominant model TNFA-308 GA + AA(P = 0.043, OR = 0.45, CI = 0.20–1.00) genotypes were found to have protective effect against dengue infection. A protective association among the IFNG(+874 A/T) A/T genotype against DF(P = 0.02, OR = 0.46, CI = 0.24–0.89) and DHF(P = 0.034,OR = 0.43, CI = 0.19–0.95) was observed. When the studied single-nucleotide polymorphism was analyzed in combination, the combination GTA(P = 0.022, OR = 2.95,CI = 1.18–7.41) was statistically significantly associated with susceptibility to DF and the combination GCT(P = 0.035, OR = 0.28, CI = 0.08–0.90) with protection against the development of DHF.Conclusions: This research identifies the association of the IFNG(+874 A/T), TNFA(-308 G/A), IL-10(-819 C/T) genotypes as a factor for protection, susceptibility and severity to dengue.展开更多
The spatial pattern distribution of plant hormones in response to aluminum (Al) toxicity in roots remains to be shown. This study was performed to assess the root hormonal accumulation and gene expression in response ...The spatial pattern distribution of plant hormones in response to aluminum (Al) toxicity in roots remains to be shown. This study was performed to assess the root hormonal accumulation and gene expression in response to Al toxicity in five transgenic miniature dwarf tomatoes cv. Micro-Tom (MT). MT and MT transgenics to acid indole acetic, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid and ethylene were cultivated in nutrient solutions containing different Al concentrations. Root growth elongation was measured and cellular damage was visualized by staining Evans’s blue. The GUS reporter gene staining technique was used to visualize hormonal changes in MT apex root tissues. Data indicated that the MT is sensitive to Al that induced significant growth inhibition and cellular damage. Al concentration of 27 μM was significantly toxic, inducing root apex darkening and inhibition of root development. The qualitative evaluation of GUS reporter gene expression showed intense crosstalk among all hormones studied, underscoring the complexity of signaling induced by Al in apex roots. Results point out to a major understanding of the hormonal signaling in response to Al toxicity, which may induce a change of root growth and architecture with growth inhibition and cell constraints modulated by all different hormones evaluated.展开更多
Exploitation and processing of pegmatoids at Brazil＇s northeast （Serido region-RN State） aiming further use as dimension stone produces mass losses ranging between 30%-90%. The tailings are predominantly composed b...Exploitation and processing of pegmatoids at Brazil＇s northeast （Serido region-RN State） aiming further use as dimension stone produces mass losses ranging between 30%-90%. The tailings are predominantly composed by feldspar, quartz, muscovite and other Fe-bearing silicates such as biotite and amphiboles, suitable for ceramic production. The recovery of these elements depends on mica＇s remotion to levels under 2.0%, preferentially by dry methods due the scarce amount of water prevailing at Serido region. This paper presents results from pegmatite tailings characterization from Serido region showing the potentially application as raw material for ceramic production. To do it, a new technological route must be developed to fit it as main component to white ceramic industry, considering the properties required by ceramic industries.展开更多
Renewable hydrocarbons refer to fuels consisting of hydrocarbons of 10 to 20 carbon atoms, produced from biomass, and free of oxygen. Hydrocracking, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrotreatment processes for the production o...Renewable hydrocarbons refer to fuels consisting of hydrocarbons of 10 to 20 carbon atoms, produced from biomass, and free of oxygen. Hydrocracking, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrotreatment processes for the production of renewable hydrocarbons are described in the literature. Microalgae have been targeted in recent years to synthesize biomass that can be used in the production of biofuels, such as renewable hydrocarbons, biodiesel or ethanol second generation. In this context the lineage Monoraphidium sp. was selected from previous ecophysiological studies and its potential to produce lipids to develop this research related with the extraction of the bio-oil of the wet biomass of Monoraphidium sp. through heat treatment. Consecutively the bio-oil was used as raw material for the production of hydrocarbons through hydrocracking and hydrodeoxygenation processes (HDO) as: decarbonylation, decarboxylation, dehydratation, with in situ production of hydrogen from liquid-phase reforming of glycerol. The reactions were carried out under two different temperature conditions, 350°C and 300°C, respectively, for 1 h and using ruthenium alumina catalyst (Ru/Al2O3). The results showed the bio-oil processing route at a temperature of 350°C promising for the production of hydrocarbons achieving a conversion of 81.54%.展开更多
Bothrops envenomation is complex and provokes prominent local tissue damage and systemic disturbances,but little is known about their effects on the male reproductive system.After intratesticular injection,the bioacti...Bothrops envenomation is complex and provokes prominent local tissue damage and systemic disturbances,but little is known about their effects on the male reproductive system.After intratesticular injection,the bioactive peptide fraction(Bj-PF)obtained from Bothrops jararaca snake venom changes the structure of different stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle in adult mice.For the first time,we investigated whether local envenomation of Bj-PF induces toxicological effects on the male reproductive system,particularly on the seminiferous epithelium and Sertoli cells.Male adult mice were treated with 0.24 mg.kg^(-1) by intramuscular(i.m.)injection for 24 h.The testes samples were collected for morphological and morphometric evaluation.The toxicological effects of Bj-PF were also analyzed on mitochondrial metabolism and nitrite(NO2)production in 15P-1 Sertoli cell culture.Bj-PF changed the structure and function of the seminiferous epithelium,particularly the disruption of the epithelium and the presence of degenerated germ cells in the adluminal compartment,but there were no alterations in the basal compartment.Bj-PF increased the thickness of the seminiferous epithelium and decreased the lumen diameter of the tubule.Semiquantitative histological assessment of the degree of tubule degeneration revealed that Bj-PF also increased the number of hypospermatogenic tubules compared to control.Bj-PF reduced NO2 levels in 15P-1 Sertoli cells without changing the mitochondrial metabolism.Overall,the fact that Bj-PF alters the structure and function of the seminiferous epithelium suggests that bioactive peptides found in B.jararaca snake venom can have toxicological effects on the reproductive systems of affected male mice,providing new insight into the biological characteristics of snake venom and therapeutic strategies for envenomation inflammation.展开更多
This paper reviews construction and technological solutions for roadbeds in talik areas of permafrost soil, and proposes an integrated technology for prevention and elimination of taliks during construction periods. I...This paper reviews construction and technological solutions for roadbeds in talik areas of permafrost soil, and proposes an integrated technology for prevention and elimination of taliks during construction periods. It also summarizes the expe- rience of process regulation scheduling and soil conditions monitoring during construction.展开更多
Microalgae biomass has been reported in the literature as one of the most promising sources for obtaining different products of industrial interest such as lipids, fatty acids, carotenoids, proteins and fibers. The li...Microalgae biomass has been reported in the literature as one of the most promising sources for obtaining different products of industrial interest such as lipids, fatty acids, carotenoids, proteins and fibers. The lipid fraction of microalgae comprises neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipids. It is of great importance to estimate the composition of the lipid fraction to define the potential for use, either as a raw material for the production of biofuels or for use for nutraceuticals and/or food purposes. The microalgae </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Scenedesmus</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> sp. cultivated in a photobioreactor</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> the sky open raceway type</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> was evaluated for lipid content, identification and quantification of lipid components obtained from different extracts. In the quantification of the lipid content, extraction methods were proposed without chemical treatment (use of solvents only) such as chloroform:methanol (2:1 v/v)—Bligh & Dyer, Ethanol, Ethyl acetate:Hexane (1:1 v/v) and others with chemical treatment such as J-Schmid-Bondzynski-Ratzlaff (acid) and saponification (basic). For the identification of the main lipid components present in the extracts, the Thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique was used. This made it possible, using a simple and inexpensive method, to identify the compounds extracted by different extraction methods, that is, it was possible to verify the selectivity of the different extraction methods. In addition, it has been shown that using these methods, widely described in the literature as methods of extracting lipids in practice, extract</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">s</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> a wide diversity of compounds. The levels of lipids obtained via solvent extraction were up to 50% higher than those obtained with chemical treatment. In lipid extracts, obtained via solvent extraction, the presence of polar compounds, glycerides, carotenoids, pigments and sterols was identified, with up to 53% being composed of an unsaponifiable fraction</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">, </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">thus, presenting low selectivity for extracting fatty components. The acidic and basic treatments applied to the biomass of </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Scenedesmus</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> sp. showed greater selectivity for obtaining fat components of 71</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">47</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">%</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> and 94</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">99%, respectively. The results showed that depending on the solvent/method used to quantify the lipids, the selectivity for obtaining the grease fraction, fundamental for conversion into biofuels, varies and the total lipid content may be overestimated.展开更多
Background:The breast cancer has been the most common form of cancer among women.The triple negative subtype represents 20%of all breast cancer cases in the world and is standing out by affecting young women and being...Background:The breast cancer has been the most common form of cancer among women.The triple negative subtype represents 20%of all breast cancer cases in the world and is standing out by affecting young women and being aggressive.The main cause of death of patients with cancer is due to metastasis,which can reach the liver and lungs.Objective:The activities of ID7 fraction of the stems of Bauhinia variegata L.on breast cancer,lung metastasis and liver inflammatory process were evaluated.Method:ID7 was characterized by mass-spectrometry.The viability of murine mammary cells(4T1)treated with ID7 was assessed by MTT,trypan blue and fluorescence assay and viability of BT-20,MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer tumor lines by MTS.The cell migration,invasion using matrigel and adhesion were performed.The expression of cell death proteins was quanitified by western blot and the gelatinases by zimogram.The ID7 activity of the tumor(4T1)and metastatic progession in vivo was evaluated.Results:ID7 reduced the 4T1 and MDA-MB-231viability and increased the late apoptosis,inhibited the 4T1 migration and invasion,increased the 4T1 adhesion and decreased the secreted active gelatinases.ID7 also increased the expression of PARP,caspase-7 and caspase-8,RIP and TNF-R1.In vivo,the ID7 decreased the volume and weight of the tumors and decreased lung metastasis and inflammation in the liver.The characterization showed mainly the presence of oleic acid,myricetin,quercetin and kaempferol in ID7.Conclusion:Thus,it was found that ID7 fraction exhibits selective antitumor and on the mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis activity,preventing lung metastasis and inflammation in the liver.It is suggested that fatty acids and flavonoids are correlated with such activities.展开更多
文摘With the advances in medicine and technology,life expectancy has increased significantly in recent decades.While this is positive news,it also brings major challenges to public health systems.As people live longer,the number of cases of agerelated disorders,including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD),has also grown.
基金Project supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/CNPq(405982/2022-4 and 303992/2021-2)。
文摘Ouricuri endocarp was utilized as a biosorbent for the recovery of europium(Eu(Ⅲ))from aqueous solutions and rare earth elements(REEs)from authentic leachate derived from phosphogypsum,which encompasses various REEs.Various characterization techniques were applied to analyze the physicochemical and adsorptive properties of the biosorbent.The results indicate that the adsorption kinetic data conform well to the pseudo-first-order model,while the Liu model describes the equilibrium data well.Ouricuri endocarp and Eu interactions are favorable and spontaneous.The maximum adsorption capacity for Eu(Ⅲ)is determined to be 22.9 mg/g according to the Liu model.Based on experimental results and adsorbent characteristics,the proposed adsorption mechanisms between ouricuri endocarp and Eu include ion exchange and electrostatic interactions as the primary mechanisms.The Eu(Ⅲ)recovery is also feasible as a continuous flow process demonstrating inclined breakthrough curves and lower values of the length of the mass transfer zone.Ouricuri endocarp demonstrates its selectivity for recovering various REEs from authentic phosphogypsum leachate.It achieves a 98%recovery rate for Eu and approximately 60%for Ce,La,and Nd,affirming its efficacy under real-world conditions.Finally,concentration of REE was done by ashing loaded ouricuri endocarp,and a solid with around 34%(in weight)of REE is obtained.
基金Supported by Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior and Federal University of Pará
文摘AIM: To establish whether virulence factor genes vacA and cagA are present in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) retrieved from gastric mucosa and dental plaque in pa-tients with dyspepsia. METHODS: Cumulative dental plaque specimens and gastric biopsies were submitted to histological exami-nation, rapid urease test and polymerase chain reac-tion (PCR) assays to detect the presence of cagA and vacA polymorphisms.RESULTS: Detection of H. pylori from dental plaque and gastric biopsy samples was greater by PCR com-pared to histological examination and the rapid ure-ase test. DNA from H. pylori was detected in 96% of gastric mucosa samples and in 72% of dental plaque samples. Sixty-three (89%) of 71 dental plaque sam-ples that were H. pylori-positive also exhibited identical vacA and cagA genotypes in gastric mucosa. The most common genotype was vacAs1bm1 and cagA positive, either in dental plaque or gastric mucosa. These viru-lent H. pylori isolates were involved in the severity of clinical outcome.CONCLUSION: These pathogenic strains were found simultaneously in dental plaque and gastric mucosa, which suggests that gastric infection is correlated with the presence of H. pylori in the mouth.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the use of photogrammetry and identify the mathematical procedures applied when evaluating spinal posture.METHODS:A systematic search using keywords was conducted in the Pub Med,EMBASE,Scopus,Science and Medicine®databases.The following inclusion criteria adopted were:(1)the use of photogrammetry as a method to evaluate spinal posture;(2)evaluations of spinal curvature in the sagittal and/or frontal plane;(3)studies published within the last three decades;and(4)written entirely in English.The exclusion criteria were:(1)studies which objective involved the verification of some aspect of validation of instruments;(2)studies published as abstracts and those published in scientific events;and(3)studies using evaluation of the anteriorization of the head to determine the angular positioning of the cervical spine.The articles in this review were included and evaluated for their methodological quality,based on the Downs and Black scale,by two independent reviewers.RESULTS:Initially,1758 articles were found,76 of which were included upon reading the full texts and 29 were included in accordance with the predetermined criteria.In addition,after analyzing the references in those articles,a further six articles were selected,so that 35 articles were included in this review.This systematic review revealed that the photogrammetry has been using in observational studies.Furthermore,it was also found that,although the data collection methodologies are similar across the studies,in relation to aspects of data analysis,the methodologies are very different,especially regarding the mathematical routines employed to support different postural evaluation software.CONCLUSION:With photogrammetry,the aim of the assessment,whether it is for clinical,research or collective health purposes,must be considered when choosing which protocol to use to evaluate spinal posture.
文摘Background:The steady-state increase in muscle force generating potential following a lengthening contraction is called residual force enhancement(RFE).In this study,we aimed to test for differences in torque,electromyographic activity(EMG),and the associated neuromuscular efficiency(NME)between isometric voluntary contractions of elbow flexors preceded and not preceded by a lengthening contraction.The dependence of such differences on(i)stretch amplitude,(ii)the region of the force-length(FxL)relationship where contraction occurs,and(iii)the individual's ability to produce(negative)work during the stretch was investigated.Methods:Sixteen healthy adults participated in the study.Elbow flexor torque,angle,and biceps brachii EMG for purely isometric contractions(reference contractions)and for isometric contractions preceded by active stretches of 20°and 40°were measured at the ascending,plateau,and descending regions of subject-specific FxL curves.All contractions were performed in an isokinetic dynamometer.Two-factor(stretch×FxL region)repeated measures analysis of variance ANOVAs was used to analyze the effect of active stretch on EMG,torque,and NME across conditions.The relationships between mechanical work during stretch-calculated as the torque-angular displacement integral-and the changes in EMG,torque,and NME were analyzed using Pearson correlation.Results:In general,torque,EMG,and NME following active stretches differed from the values observed for the purely isometric reference contractions.While although the detailed effects of active stretch on torque and EMG differed between regions of the FxL relationship,NME increased by about 19%for all muscle lengths.Up to 30%of the interindividual variability in torque generating potential change in response to active stretching was accounted for by differences in(negative)work capacity between subjects.Conclusion:Our results suggest that(i)RFE contributes to"flatten"the elbow flexor torque-angle relationship,favoring torque production at lengths where the purely isometric torques are reduced substantially,and(ii)RFE contributes to a reduction in energy cost of torque production during isometric contractions for the entire operating range.
文摘Purpose:To investigate whether blood flow restriction(BFR) without concomitant exercise mitigated strength reduction and atrophy of thigh muscles in subjects under immobilization for lower limbs.Methods:The following databases were searched:PubMed,CINAHL,PEDro,Web of Science,Central,and Scopus.Results:The search identified 3 eligible studies,and the total sample in the identified studies consisted of 38 participants.Isokinetic and isometric torque of the knee flexors and extensors was examined in 2 studies.Cross-sectional area of thigh muscles was evaluated in 1 study,and thigh girth was measured in 2 studies.The BFR protocol was 5 sets of 5 min of occlusion and 3 min of free flow,twice daily for approximately 2 weeks.As a whole,the included studies indicate that BFR without exercise is able to minimize strength reduction and muscular atrophy after immobilization.It is crucial to emphasize,however,that the included studies showed a high risk of bias,especially regarding allocation concealment,blinding of outcome assessment,intention-to-treat analyses,and group similarity at baseline.Conclusion:Although potentially useful,the high risk of bias presented by original stodies limits the indication of BFR without concomitant exercise as an effective countermeasure against strength reduction and atrophy mediated by immobilization.
基金Supported by Grants from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(www.cnpq.br),No.401976/2010-6 and No.305220/2013-6(to Burbano RR)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(www.capes.gov.br),No.PNPD 2810/2011(to Moreira-Nunes CA)
文摘AIM: To characterize APC gene mutations and correlate them with patient phenotypes in individuals diagnosed with familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP) in northern Brazil. METHODS: A total of 15 individuals diagnosed with FAP from 5 different families from the north of Brazil were analyzed in this study. In addition to patients with histopathological diagnosis of FAP,family members who had not developed the disease were also tested in order to identify mutations and for possible genetic counseling. All analyzed patients or their guardians signed a consent form approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Jo?o de Barros Barreto University Hospital(Belem,Brazil). DNA extracted from the peripheral blood of a member of each of the affected families was subjected to direct sequencing. The proband of each family was sequenced to identify germline mutations using the Ion Torrent platform. To validate the detected mutations,Sanger sequencing was also performed. The samples from all patients were also tested for the identification of mutations by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction using the amplification refractory mutation system. RESULTS: Through interviews with relatives and a search of medical records,it was possible to construct genograms for three of the five families included in the study. All 15 patients from the five families with FAP exhibited mutations in the APC gene,and all mutations were detected in exon 15 of the APC gene. In addition to the patients with a histological diagnosis of FAP,family members without disease symptoms showed the mutation in the APC gene. In the present study,we detected two of the three most frequent germline mutations in the literature: the mutation at codon 1309 and the mutation at codon 1061. The presence of c.3956 del C mutation was found in all families from this study,and suggests that this mutation was introduced in the population of the State of Pará through ancestor immigration(i.e.,a de novo mutation that arose in one member belonging to this state from Brazil). CONCLUSION: Regardless of its origin,the c.3956 del C mutation is a strong candidate biomarker of this hereditary cancer syndrome in families of northern Brazil.
文摘This paper aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of cadmium on growth rates, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic performance, biochemical parameters and structure of chloroplasts in G. domingensis. To accomplish this, apical segments of G. domingensis were cultivated with different concentrations of cadmium, ranging from 100 to 300 μM, over a period of 16 days, and were processed for transmission electron microscopy analysis. The plants exposed to cadmium showed chloroplast alteration, especially degeneration of thylakoids and a decrease in the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a and phycobiliproteins. However, the volume of plastoglobuli increased. As a defense mechanism, the plants treated with cadmium showed an increase in glutathione reductase activity. These results agree with the decreased photosynthetic performance and relative electron transport rate observed after exposure of algae to cadmium. Taken together, these findings strongly indicate that cadmium negatively affects the ultrastructure and metabolism of the agarophyte G. domingensis, thus posing a threat to the economic vitality of this red macroalga.
文摘This study was designed to establish the prevalence of HLA-B*5701 at HIV-1 infected individuals in Brazil. A total of 517 consecutive individuals were followed in this study from February 2009 through July 2011. The presence of HLA-B*5701 was determined by Nested-PCR with HLA-B*57 and HLA-B*5701 sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). The expression of HLA-B*57 was negative in the 385 (74.5%) and positive in the 103 (19.9%) of infected individuals. Among these, the expression of HLA-B5701 was positive in the 29 (5.6%) of individuals. No demographic or ethnic differences were found between HLA-B*57/HLA-B*5701 HIV-1 negative patients, with a prevalence of Caucasians (57.1%) individuals. During the period of study, 68 patients were submited to an abacavir contain- ing regimen. The HLA-B*5701 allele was observed in 7 (10.3%) patients, with a significant incidence of Hypersensitivity reactions at 4 of them (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Although Brazilian population consists of a mixture of individuals of Caucasian, African and Native American genetic background, prevalence of HLA-B*5701 in this population is similar to the one found in pure Caucasians.
基金funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq470476/2011-7)+1 种基金the Foundation for Science and Technology of Pernambuco, Brazil (APQ-0077-5.01/09, DCR-0034-2.03/13)the scholarship granted to the first author
文摘Calotropis procera(Aiton)Dryand(Apocynaceae)is a native species in tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia.However,due to its fast growing and drought-tolerant,it has become an invasive species when it was introduced into Central and South America,as well as the Caribbean Islands.Currently,C.procera displays a wide distribution in the world.Invasiveness is important,in particular,because many invasive species exert a high reproductive pressure on the invaded communities or are highly productive in their new distributed areas.It has been suggested that a very deep root system and a high capacity to reduce stomatal conductance during water shortage could allow this species to maintain the water status required for a normal function.However,the true mechanism behind the successful distribution of C.procera across wet and dry environments is still unknown.C.procera leaves were collected from 12 natural populations in Brazil,Colombia and Mexico,ranging from wet to dry environments during 2014–2015.Many traits of morphology and anatomy from these distinct morphotypes were evaluated.We found that C.procera leaves had a considerable capacity to adjust their morphological,anatomical and physiological traits to different environments.The magnitude of acclimation responses,i.e.,plasticity,had been hypothesized to reflect the specialized adaptation of plant species to a particular environment.However,allometric models for leaf area(LA)estimation cannot be grouped as a single model.Leaves are narrower and thicker with low amounts of air spaces inside the leaf parenchyma in wet environments,while they are broader and thinner with a small number of palisade cell layers in dry environments.Based on these,we argue that broader and thinner leaves of C.procera dissipate incident energy at the expense of a higher rate of transpiration to survive in environments in which water is the most limiting factor and to compete in favorable wet environments.
基金This work received funding from the State of São Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(CAPES)under Finance Code 001.
文摘Venom snake-derived peptides have multiple biochemical,pharmacological,and toxicological profiles,allowing for the discovery of new medicinal products and therapeutic applications.This review specifically examines the fundamental elements of neuroprotection offered by different oligopeptides derived from snake venom.It also includes a brief evaluation of short peptides that are being considered as potential therapeutic agents.Proline-rich peptides and tryptophyllin family peptides isolated from the crude venom of Viperidae family snakes,specifically Bothrops atrox,Bothrops jararaca,and Bothrops moojeni,have been shown to have pro-survival properties,the ability to reduce oxidative stress,and the ability to promote cell viability and mitochondrial functions.Three significant mechanisms are related to the neuroprotection mediated by snake venom oligopeptides:(1)Activation of the L-arginine metabolite pathway,such as polyamines from ornithine metabolism,which reduces N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)-type glutamate receptor activity;(2)Enhancement of cell viability by activating the nerve growth factor-signaling pathway;and(3)Activation of the Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M1(mAChR-M1).These small peptides show promise as neuroprotective agents against a variety of neurodegenerative disorders.
基金supported by the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa de Alagoas(FAPEAL)–Programa Primeiros Projetos(PPP/2011)
文摘Objective: To evaluate gene polymorphisms and their association with susceptibility to dengue.Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed with 262 subjects,comprising 78 dengue fever(DF) patients, 49 dengue hemorrhagic fever(DHF) patients and 135 healthy controls. Genotypic and allelic profiles were identified using polymerase chain reaction based in real time and amplification-refractory mutation system.Results: We observed a protective association of IL-10(-819 C/T) C allele(P = 0.028,OR = 0.56, CI = 0.34–0.91) against DHF, while the C/T(P = 0.047, OR = 2.10,CI = 1.01–4.38) and T/T(P = 0.008, OR = 3.82, CI = 1.38–10.59) genotypes were associated with DHF and DF, respectively. The dominant model TNFA-308 GA + AA(P = 0.043, OR = 0.45, CI = 0.20–1.00) genotypes were found to have protective effect against dengue infection. A protective association among the IFNG(+874 A/T) A/T genotype against DF(P = 0.02, OR = 0.46, CI = 0.24–0.89) and DHF(P = 0.034,OR = 0.43, CI = 0.19–0.95) was observed. When the studied single-nucleotide polymorphism was analyzed in combination, the combination GTA(P = 0.022, OR = 2.95,CI = 1.18–7.41) was statistically significantly associated with susceptibility to DF and the combination GCT(P = 0.035, OR = 0.28, CI = 0.08–0.90) with protection against the development of DHF.Conclusions: This research identifies the association of the IFNG(+874 A/T), TNFA(-308 G/A), IL-10(-819 C/T) genotypes as a factor for protection, susceptibility and severity to dengue.
文摘The spatial pattern distribution of plant hormones in response to aluminum (Al) toxicity in roots remains to be shown. This study was performed to assess the root hormonal accumulation and gene expression in response to Al toxicity in five transgenic miniature dwarf tomatoes cv. Micro-Tom (MT). MT and MT transgenics to acid indole acetic, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid and ethylene were cultivated in nutrient solutions containing different Al concentrations. Root growth elongation was measured and cellular damage was visualized by staining Evans’s blue. The GUS reporter gene staining technique was used to visualize hormonal changes in MT apex root tissues. Data indicated that the MT is sensitive to Al that induced significant growth inhibition and cellular damage. Al concentration of 27 μM was significantly toxic, inducing root apex darkening and inhibition of root development. The qualitative evaluation of GUS reporter gene expression showed intense crosstalk among all hormones studied, underscoring the complexity of signaling induced by Al in apex roots. Results point out to a major understanding of the hormonal signaling in response to Al toxicity, which may induce a change of root growth and architecture with growth inhibition and cell constraints modulated by all different hormones evaluated.
文摘Exploitation and processing of pegmatoids at Brazil＇s northeast （Serido region-RN State） aiming further use as dimension stone produces mass losses ranging between 30%-90%. The tailings are predominantly composed by feldspar, quartz, muscovite and other Fe-bearing silicates such as biotite and amphiboles, suitable for ceramic production. The recovery of these elements depends on mica＇s remotion to levels under 2.0%, preferentially by dry methods due the scarce amount of water prevailing at Serido region. This paper presents results from pegmatite tailings characterization from Serido region showing the potentially application as raw material for ceramic production. To do it, a new technological route must be developed to fit it as main component to white ceramic industry, considering the properties required by ceramic industries.
文摘Renewable hydrocarbons refer to fuels consisting of hydrocarbons of 10 to 20 carbon atoms, produced from biomass, and free of oxygen. Hydrocracking, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrotreatment processes for the production of renewable hydrocarbons are described in the literature. Microalgae have been targeted in recent years to synthesize biomass that can be used in the production of biofuels, such as renewable hydrocarbons, biodiesel or ethanol second generation. In this context the lineage Monoraphidium sp. was selected from previous ecophysiological studies and its potential to produce lipids to develop this research related with the extraction of the bio-oil of the wet biomass of Monoraphidium sp. through heat treatment. Consecutively the bio-oil was used as raw material for the production of hydrocarbons through hydrocracking and hydrodeoxygenation processes (HDO) as: decarbonylation, decarboxylation, dehydratation, with in situ production of hydrogen from liquid-phase reforming of glycerol. The reactions were carried out under two different temperature conditions, 350°C and 300°C, respectively, for 1 h and using ruthenium alumina catalyst (Ru/Al2O3). The results showed the bio-oil processing route at a temperature of 350°C promising for the production of hydrocarbons achieving a conversion of 81.54%.
基金supported by the State of São Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(CAPES)(Finance Code 001).
文摘Bothrops envenomation is complex and provokes prominent local tissue damage and systemic disturbances,but little is known about their effects on the male reproductive system.After intratesticular injection,the bioactive peptide fraction(Bj-PF)obtained from Bothrops jararaca snake venom changes the structure of different stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle in adult mice.For the first time,we investigated whether local envenomation of Bj-PF induces toxicological effects on the male reproductive system,particularly on the seminiferous epithelium and Sertoli cells.Male adult mice were treated with 0.24 mg.kg^(-1) by intramuscular(i.m.)injection for 24 h.The testes samples were collected for morphological and morphometric evaluation.The toxicological effects of Bj-PF were also analyzed on mitochondrial metabolism and nitrite(NO2)production in 15P-1 Sertoli cell culture.Bj-PF changed the structure and function of the seminiferous epithelium,particularly the disruption of the epithelium and the presence of degenerated germ cells in the adluminal compartment,but there were no alterations in the basal compartment.Bj-PF increased the thickness of the seminiferous epithelium and decreased the lumen diameter of the tubule.Semiquantitative histological assessment of the degree of tubule degeneration revealed that Bj-PF also increased the number of hypospermatogenic tubules compared to control.Bj-PF reduced NO2 levels in 15P-1 Sertoli cells without changing the mitochondrial metabolism.Overall,the fact that Bj-PF alters the structure and function of the seminiferous epithelium suggests that bioactive peptides found in B.jararaca snake venom can have toxicological effects on the reproductive systems of affected male mice,providing new insight into the biological characteristics of snake venom and therapeutic strategies for envenomation inflammation.
基金supported by Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Vocational Education, Moscow State University of Railway Engineering (MGUPS(MIIT)) and JSC "SGK-transstroy Yamal"
文摘This paper reviews construction and technological solutions for roadbeds in talik areas of permafrost soil, and proposes an integrated technology for prevention and elimination of taliks during construction periods. It also summarizes the expe- rience of process regulation scheduling and soil conditions monitoring during construction.
文摘Microalgae biomass has been reported in the literature as one of the most promising sources for obtaining different products of industrial interest such as lipids, fatty acids, carotenoids, proteins and fibers. The lipid fraction of microalgae comprises neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipids. It is of great importance to estimate the composition of the lipid fraction to define the potential for use, either as a raw material for the production of biofuels or for use for nutraceuticals and/or food purposes. The microalgae </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Scenedesmus</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> sp. cultivated in a photobioreactor</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> the sky open raceway type</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> was evaluated for lipid content, identification and quantification of lipid components obtained from different extracts. In the quantification of the lipid content, extraction methods were proposed without chemical treatment (use of solvents only) such as chloroform:methanol (2:1 v/v)—Bligh & Dyer, Ethanol, Ethyl acetate:Hexane (1:1 v/v) and others with chemical treatment such as J-Schmid-Bondzynski-Ratzlaff (acid) and saponification (basic). For the identification of the main lipid components present in the extracts, the Thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique was used. This made it possible, using a simple and inexpensive method, to identify the compounds extracted by different extraction methods, that is, it was possible to verify the selectivity of the different extraction methods. In addition, it has been shown that using these methods, widely described in the literature as methods of extracting lipids in practice, extract</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">s</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> a wide diversity of compounds. The levels of lipids obtained via solvent extraction were up to 50% higher than those obtained with chemical treatment. In lipid extracts, obtained via solvent extraction, the presence of polar compounds, glycerides, carotenoids, pigments and sterols was identified, with up to 53% being composed of an unsaponifiable fraction</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">, </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">thus, presenting low selectivity for extracting fatty components. The acidic and basic treatments applied to the biomass of </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Scenedesmus</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> sp. showed greater selectivity for obtaining fat components of 71</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">47</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">%</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> and 94</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">99%, respectively. The results showed that depending on the solvent/method used to quantify the lipids, the selectivity for obtaining the grease fraction, fundamental for conversion into biofuels, varies and the total lipid content may be overestimated.
文摘Background:The breast cancer has been the most common form of cancer among women.The triple negative subtype represents 20%of all breast cancer cases in the world and is standing out by affecting young women and being aggressive.The main cause of death of patients with cancer is due to metastasis,which can reach the liver and lungs.Objective:The activities of ID7 fraction of the stems of Bauhinia variegata L.on breast cancer,lung metastasis and liver inflammatory process were evaluated.Method:ID7 was characterized by mass-spectrometry.The viability of murine mammary cells(4T1)treated with ID7 was assessed by MTT,trypan blue and fluorescence assay and viability of BT-20,MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer tumor lines by MTS.The cell migration,invasion using matrigel and adhesion were performed.The expression of cell death proteins was quanitified by western blot and the gelatinases by zimogram.The ID7 activity of the tumor(4T1)and metastatic progession in vivo was evaluated.Results:ID7 reduced the 4T1 and MDA-MB-231viability and increased the late apoptosis,inhibited the 4T1 migration and invasion,increased the 4T1 adhesion and decreased the secreted active gelatinases.ID7 also increased the expression of PARP,caspase-7 and caspase-8,RIP and TNF-R1.In vivo,the ID7 decreased the volume and weight of the tumors and decreased lung metastasis and inflammation in the liver.The characterization showed mainly the presence of oleic acid,myricetin,quercetin and kaempferol in ID7.Conclusion:Thus,it was found that ID7 fraction exhibits selective antitumor and on the mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis activity,preventing lung metastasis and inflammation in the liver.It is suggested that fatty acids and flavonoids are correlated with such activities.
