BACKGROUND Skin wounds are common injuries that affect quality of life and incur high costs.A considerable portion of healthcare resources in Western countries is allocated to wound treatment,mainly using mechanical,b...BACKGROUND Skin wounds are common injuries that affect quality of life and incur high costs.A considerable portion of healthcare resources in Western countries is allocated to wound treatment,mainly using mechanical,biological,or artificial dressings.Biological and artificial dressings,such as hydrogels,are preferred for their biocompatibility.Platelet concentrates,such as platelet-rich plasma(PRP)and platelet-rich fibrin(PRF),stand out for accelerating tissue repair and minimizing risks of allergies and rejection.This study developed PRF and PRP-based dressings to treat skin wounds in an animal model,evaluating their functionality and efficiency in accelerating the tissue repair process.AIM To develop wound dressings based on platelet concentrates and evaluating their efficiency in treating skin wounds in Wistar rats.METHODS Wistar rats,both male and female,were subjected to the creation of a skin wound,distributed into groups(n=64/group),and treated with Carbopol(negative control);PRP+Carbopol;PRF+Carbopol;or PRF+CaCl_(2)+Carbopol,on days zero(D0),D3,D7,D14,and D21.PRP and PRF were obtained only from male rats.On D3,D7,D14,and D21,the wounds were analyzed for area,contraction rate,and histopathology of the tissue repair process.RESULTS The PRF-based dressing was more effective in accelerating wound closure early in the tissue repair process(up to D7),while PRF+CaCl_(2) seemed to delay the process,as wound closure was not complete by D21.Regarding macroscopic parameters,animals treated with PRF+CaCl_(2) showed significantly more crusting(necrosis)early in the repair process(D3).In terms of histopathological parameters,the PRF group exhibited significant collagenization at the later stages of the repair process(D14 and D21).By D21,fibroblast proliferation and inflammatory infiltration were higher in the PRP group.Animals treated with PRF+CaCl_(2) experienced a more pronounced inflammatory response up to D7,which diminished from D14 onwards.CONCLUSION The PRF-based dressing was effective in accelerating the closure of cutaneous wounds in Wistar rats early in the process and in aiding tissue repair at the later stages.展开更多
Developmental instability(DI)is a phenomenon whereby organisms are unable to buffer developmental disturbances,resulting in asymmetricvariation of paired traits.Previous research has demonstrated a negative relationsh...Developmental instability(DI)is a phenomenon whereby organisms are unable to buffer developmental disturbances,resulting in asymmetricvariation of paired traits.Previous research has demonstrated a negative relationship between DI,measured as forearm asymmetry,and survivalin the bat Carollia perspicillata.This study aims to test the hypothesis that individuals with higher DI exhibit a lower immune response.We measured a delayed-type hypersensitivity to the antigen phytohemagglutinin(PHA)on 74 males and 65 females of C.perspicillata before and after thebreeding season(BS).Linear models were used to predict the immunological response based on body mass(BM),forearm asymmetry,sex,BS,and testicle length.The best-ftting model accounted for 29% of the variation in immune response and included asymmetry,BM,sex,and BS aspredictors.The immune response was negatively associated with asymmetry and testicle length in males but positively related to asymmetryin females.Both sexes showed a reduced immune response in the late BS.Additionally,the association between immune response and BMchanged direction seasonally,with heavier individuals showing weaker responses early in the BS and stronger responses later.Individual variation in male immunity was predicted by individual attributes,whereas variation in immune response in females was mostly seasonal.Our resultssupport the link between DI,survival,and immune response in short-tailed bats,and suggest that the immunological component measured bythe PHA response may be under fner selection in males due to its stronger correlation with individual traits.展开更多
Objective:To investigate mutations in the Chikungunya(CHIKV)envelope genome region and evaluate their potential impact on B lymphocyte epitopes via in silico analysis.Methods:E1,E2 and 6K protein genes were sequenced ...Objective:To investigate mutations in the Chikungunya(CHIKV)envelope genome region and evaluate their potential impact on B lymphocyte epitopes via in silico analysis.Methods:E1,E2 and 6K protein genes were sequenced from viral RNA isolated from 13 CHIKV-positive serum samples from Alagoas State,Brazil,during the 2016 outbreak.Phylogenetic analysis,experimental epitope identification in the immune epitope database(IEDB)and in silico approaches were employed to predict the potential impact of the detected mutations.Results:The sequences were clustered via phylogenetic analysis.The CHIKV isolates belong to the ECSA genotype,with 13 detected amino acid mutations.Five mutations are located on the surface of the viral particle in regions critical for cellular receptor interaction.Nine mutations are known experimentally validated epitopes for B and T cells.In B-cell epitope predictions,mutations affect sequences within three conformational epitopes in E2 and one in E1,as well as linear epitopes.Notably,the E2-G60D mutation found in the Alagoas strain has been previously reported to influence the vector competence of Aedes aegypti,the primary vector in Brazil.Conclusions:Genomic surveillance and an in-depth understanding of viral mutations are crucial for adapting public health strategies and improving the outbreak response.These findings could have significant public health implications,such as the development of more effective vaccines,diagnostic tests,and antiviral therapies.展开更多
The microstructures and corrosion behavior of 1.0wt%Gd-containing neutron-absorbing duplex stainless steel annealed at different temperatures were studied.Results reveal that the content of Gd-containing secondary pha...The microstructures and corrosion behavior of 1.0wt%Gd-containing neutron-absorbing duplex stainless steel annealed at different temperatures were studied.Results reveal that the content of Gd-containing secondary phase increases with increasing the annealing temperatures to 1080℃,and then decreases.In the sample annealed at 1080℃,M-Gd(M=Fe,Cr,Ni)intermetallic with M_(3)Gd as the core phase and M_(12)Gd as the shell is the primary secondary phase.In the sample annealed at 1140℃,M_(3)Gd phase is dominant.The corrosion behavior of the two annealed steel samples were analyzed in NaCl,HCl and H_(3)BO_(3) solutions.It is found that the sample annealed at 1140℃ has lower corrosion rate.M_(3)Gd is more electrochemically active than M_(12)Gd when the sample is immersed in NaCl and HCl solutions,but more noble in H_(3)BO_(3) solution.展开更多
Potential interactive effects and trade-offs between drivers can regulate species diversity,affecting distributions by several orders of magnitude and distribution.The decomposition ofβ-diversity into turnover and ne...Potential interactive effects and trade-offs between drivers can regulate species diversity,affecting distributions by several orders of magnitude and distribution.The decomposition ofβ-diversity into turnover and nestedness could disentangle community assembly rules and offer the opportunity to encompass the processes that structure the communities and maintain theβ-diversity on the campo rupestre.We evaluatedα-andβ-diversity and species conservation status of rocky outcrop communities in the Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó,as well as the decomposed component of theβ-diversity index.Due to the isolation characteristics of rocky outcrops,we expect to find high taxonomic turnover among the communities.The study was performed on five quartzitic rocky outcrops divided into two sampling stations.We used field expeditions and plant inventory data of shrubs and herbaceous layers.We recorded 286 angiosperms taxa among rocky outcrops of campo rupestre of Serra do Cipó.The structure andα-diversity showed significant differences among rocky outcrops and an evident oligarchic structure in the plant communities analyzed.Taxonomicβ-diversity showed high turnover with a significant contribution of the turnover component to this index.This pattern reflects the interplay between regional and local scale processes.Therefore,we believe this approach becomes a unified framework,which allows the comparison of diversity patterns and ecological processes in rocky outcrops ecosystems.We highlight the high percentage of not evaluated species for threats and the need to fill this lack.展开更多
It was in the 1980s that research on somatostatin(SST)in Alzheimer’s disease(AD)truly gained traction,demonstrating consistent colocalization with amyloid-β(Aβ),along with massive SST/SST cell losses(Almeida,2024)....It was in the 1980s that research on somatostatin(SST)in Alzheimer’s disease(AD)truly gained traction,demonstrating consistent colocalization with amyloid-β(Aβ),along with massive SST/SST cell losses(Almeida,2024).Although the field already had some grasp over the neuroendocrine and hypothalamic functions of the peptide,very little was known about the GABAergic interneurons(SST-INs)that synthesize it in cortical/hippocampal regions.Quite excitingly,over 40 years later,research has grown effervescent.展开更多
Here we compare the efficacy of anti-obesity drugs alone or combined with exercise training on body weight and exercise capacity of obese patients.Randomized clinical trials that assessed the impact of any anti-obesit...Here we compare the efficacy of anti-obesity drugs alone or combined with exercise training on body weight and exercise capacity of obese patients.Randomized clinical trials that assessed the impact of any anti-obesity drug alone or combined with exercise training on body weight,body fat,fat-free mass and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese patients were retrieved from Pubmed and EMBASE up to May 2024.Risk of bias assessment was performed with RoB 2.0,and the GRADE approach assessed the certainty of evidence(CoE)of each main outcome.We included four publications summing up 202 patients.Two publications used orlistat as an anti-obesity drug treatment,while the other two adopted GLP-1 receptor agonist(liraglutide or tirzepatide)as a pharmacotherapy for weight management.Orlistat combined with exercise was superior to change body weight(mean difference(MD):−2.27 kg;95%CI:−2.86 to−1.69;CoE:very low),fat mass(MD:−2.89;95%CI:−3.87 to−1.91;CoE:very low),fat-free mass(MD:0.56;95%CI:0.40–0.72;CoE:very low),and VO_(2)Peak(MD:2.64;95%CI:2.52–2.76;CoE:very low).GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs combined with exercise had a great effect on body weight(MD:−3.96 kg;95%CI:−5.07 to−2.85;CoE:low),fat mass(MD:−1.76;95%CI:−2.24 to−1.27;CoE:low),fat-free mass(MD:0.50;95%CI:−0.98 to 1.98;CoE:very low)and VO_(2)Peak(MD:2.47;95%CI:1.31–3.63;CoE:very low).The results reported here suggest that exercise training remains an important approach in weight management when combined with pharmacological treatment.展开更多
The intricate landscape of neurodegenerative diseases complicates the search for effective therapeutic approaches.Photoreceptor degeneration,the common endpoint in various retinal diseases,including retinitis pigmento...The intricate landscape of neurodegenerative diseases complicates the search for effective therapeutic approaches.Photoreceptor degeneration,the common endpoint in various retinal diseases,including retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration,leads to vision loss or blindness.While primary cell death is driven by genetic mutations,oxidative stress,and neuroinflammation,additional mechanisms contribute to disease progression.In retinitis pigmentosa,a multitude of genetic alterations can trigger the degeneration of photoreceptors,while other retinopathies,such as agerelated macular degeneration,are initiated by combinations of environmental factors,such as diet,smoking,and hypertension,with genetic predispositions.Nutraceutical therapies,which blend the principles of nutrition and pharmaceuticals,aim to harness the health benefits of bioactive compounds for therapeutic applications.These compounds generally possess multi-target effects.Polyphenols and flavonoids,secondary plant metabolites abundant in plant-based foods,are known for their antioxidant,neuroprotective,and anti-inflammatory properties.This review focuses on the potential of polyphenols and flavonoids as nutraceuticals to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa.Furthermore,the importance of developing reliable delivery methods to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of these compounds will be discussed.By combining nutraceuticals with other emerging therapies,such as genetic and cell-based treatments,it is possible to offer a more comprehensive approach to treating retinal degenerative diseases.These advancements could lead to a viable and accessible option,improving the quality of life for patients with retinal diseases.展开更多
Transient receptor potential(TRP)channels are a class of ion channel proteins that are closely related to thermosensation in insects.They are involved in detecting the ambient temperature and play vital roles in insec...Transient receptor potential(TRP)channels are a class of ion channel proteins that are closely related to thermosensation in insects.They are involved in detecting the ambient temperature and play vital roles in insect survival and reproduction.In this study,we identifed and cloned two variants of the TRPA subfamily gene in Myzus persicae,MperTRPA1(A)and MperTRPA1(B),and analyzed their tissue expression by real-time quantitative PCR.Subsequently,these two variants of MperTRPA1 were expressed in the Xenopus oocyte system,and their functions were investigated using the two-electrode voltage clamp technique.The role of the MperTRPA1 gene in temperature adaptation of M.persicae was further determined by RNA interference and a behavioral choice assay to evaluate responses to temperature gradients.The results showed that the MperTRPA1 gene is widely expressed in tissues of M.persicae,with MperTRPA1(A)highly expressed in the mouthparts and MperTRPA1(B)mainly expressed in the antennae.The functional characterization results showed that both variants of MperTRPA1 could be activated and were not desensitized when the temperature increased from 20 to 45℃.The current value and thermal sensitivity(coeffcient Q_(10)value)of MperTRPA1(B)were signifcantly higher than those of MperTRPA1(A).When the MperTRPA1 gene was knocked down,the behavioral preference of M.persicae for the optimal temperature was reduced and tended to be at a higher temperature,showing a shift in the temperature adaptation range compared to both the wild type and ds GFP-treated M.persicae.In summary,our results elucidated the molecular mechanism of adaptive temperature perception in M.persicae mediated by the thermal sensor MperTRPA1.展开更多
Chicken(Gallus gallus)is a vital living organism and plays a crucial role in food requirements.Complete and accurate chicken genomes are critical for insights into chicken breeding,avian evolution,and comparative geno...Chicken(Gallus gallus)is a vital living organism and plays a crucial role in food requirements.Complete and accurate chicken genomes are critical for insights into chicken breeding,avian evolution,and comparative genomics(Bravo et al.,2021).Pan-genomes possess more power to capture complete gene sets,thus presenting more comprehensive genomic information within species.展开更多
The standing waves existing in radio telescope data are primarily due to reflections among the instruments,which significantly impact the spectral quality of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(F...The standing waves existing in radio telescope data are primarily due to reflections among the instruments,which significantly impact the spectral quality of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST).Eliminating these standing waves for FAST is challenging given the constant changes in their phases and amplitudes.Over a ten-second period,the phases shift by 18°while the amplitudes fluctuate by 6 mK.Thus,we developed the fast Fourier transform(FFT)filter method to eliminate these standing waves for every individual spectrum.The FFT filter can decrease the rms from 3.2 to 1.15 times the theoretical estimate.Compared to other methods such as sine fitting and running median,the FFT filter achieves a median rms of approximately 1.2 times the theoretical expectation and the smallest scatter at 12%.Additionally,the FFT filter method avoids the flux loss issue encountered with some other methods.The FFT is also efficient in detecting harmonic radio frequency interference(RFI).In the FAST data,we identified three distinct types of harmonic RFI,each with amplitudes exceeding 100 mK and intrinsic frequency periods of 8.1,0.5,and 0.37 MHz,respectively.The FFT filter,proven as the most effective method,is integrated into the H I data calibration and imaging pipeline for FAST(HiFAST,https://hifast.readthedocs.io).展开更多
Cleanliness control of advanced steels is of vital importance for quality control of the products.In order to understand and control the inclusion removal during refining process in molten steel,its motion behaviors a...Cleanliness control of advanced steels is of vital importance for quality control of the products.In order to understand and control the inclusion removal during refining process in molten steel,its motion behaviors at the multiple steel/gas/slag interfaces have attracted the attention much of metallurgical community.The recent development of the agglomeration of non-metallic inclusions at the steel/Ar and steel/slag interfaces has been summarized,and both the experimental as well as theoretical works have been surveyed.In terms of in situ observation of high-temperature interfacial phenomena in the molten steel,researchers utilized high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy to observe the movement of more types of inclusions at the interface,i.e.,the investigated inclusion is no longer limited to Al_(2)O_(3)-based inclusions but moves forward to rare earth oxides,MgO-based oxides,etc.In terms of theoretical models,especially the model of inclusions at the steel/slag interface,the recent development has overcome the limitations of the assumptions of Kralchevsky-Paunov model and verified the possible errors caused by the model assumptions by combining the water model and the physical model.Last but not least,the future work in this topic has been suggested,which could be in combination of thermal physical properties of steels and slag,as well as utilize the artificial intelligence-based methodology to implement a comprehensive inclusion motion behaviors during a comprehensive metallurgical process.展开更多
Vocal individuality is essential for social discrimination but has been poorly studied in animals that produce communal signals(duets or choruses).Song overlapping and temporal coordination make the assessment of indi...Vocal individuality is essential for social discrimination but has been poorly studied in animals that produce communal signals(duets or choruses).Song overlapping and temporal coordination make the assessment of individuality in communal signals more complex.In addition,selection may favor the accurate identifcation of pairs over individuals by receivers in year-round territorial species with duetting and long-term pair bonding.Here,we studied pair and individual vocal signatures in the polyphonal duets of rufous horneros Furnarius rufus,a Neotropical bird known for its long-term pair bonds.Hornero partners engage in duets to deter territorial intruders and protect their partnership year-round and can discern duets from neighbors versus strangers.Using a dataset of 471 duets from 43 pairs in 2 populations,we measured fne-scale acoustic features across different duet levels(e.g.,complete duets to non-overlapping syllable parts)and analysis levels(pair or individual).Permuted linear discriminant function analyses classifed pairs and individuals more accurately than expected by chance(means:45%and 47%vs.4 and 2%).Pair identity explained more variance in the multivariate acoustic features of duets than individual or population identities.The initial frequency of the duet showed strong potential for encoding pair identity.The acoustic traits contributing most to individual vocal signatures varied between sexes,which might facilitate the simultaneous assessment of duetters’identities by receivers.Our study indicates that vocal individuality may exist even in species with intricate and innate communal signals and elucidates the mechanisms employed by horneros in their social discrimination ability.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Skin wounds are common injuries that affect quality of life and incur high costs.A considerable portion of healthcare resources in Western countries is allocated to wound treatment,mainly using mechanical,biological,or artificial dressings.Biological and artificial dressings,such as hydrogels,are preferred for their biocompatibility.Platelet concentrates,such as platelet-rich plasma(PRP)and platelet-rich fibrin(PRF),stand out for accelerating tissue repair and minimizing risks of allergies and rejection.This study developed PRF and PRP-based dressings to treat skin wounds in an animal model,evaluating their functionality and efficiency in accelerating the tissue repair process.AIM To develop wound dressings based on platelet concentrates and evaluating their efficiency in treating skin wounds in Wistar rats.METHODS Wistar rats,both male and female,were subjected to the creation of a skin wound,distributed into groups(n=64/group),and treated with Carbopol(negative control);PRP+Carbopol;PRF+Carbopol;or PRF+CaCl_(2)+Carbopol,on days zero(D0),D3,D7,D14,and D21.PRP and PRF were obtained only from male rats.On D3,D7,D14,and D21,the wounds were analyzed for area,contraction rate,and histopathology of the tissue repair process.RESULTS The PRF-based dressing was more effective in accelerating wound closure early in the tissue repair process(up to D7),while PRF+CaCl_(2) seemed to delay the process,as wound closure was not complete by D21.Regarding macroscopic parameters,animals treated with PRF+CaCl_(2) showed significantly more crusting(necrosis)early in the repair process(D3).In terms of histopathological parameters,the PRF group exhibited significant collagenization at the later stages of the repair process(D14 and D21).By D21,fibroblast proliferation and inflammatory infiltration were higher in the PRP group.Animals treated with PRF+CaCl_(2) experienced a more pronounced inflammatory response up to D7,which diminished from D14 onwards.CONCLUSION The PRF-based dressing was effective in accelerating the closure of cutaneous wounds in Wistar rats early in the process and in aiding tissue repair at the later stages.
基金supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifco e Tecnologico(CNPq),Fundacaode Amparoa Pesquisa do Rio de Janeiro(FAPERJ),Fundacaode Amparoa Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo(FAPESPGrant nº2014/16/320-7)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamentode Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES)-Finance Code 001+1 种基金by grants to LGHM and APCN from the Visiting Research Program of the FAPESP(nº2017-17607-6)supported by the PASPA-DGAPA program of the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico(nº814-2018).
文摘Developmental instability(DI)is a phenomenon whereby organisms are unable to buffer developmental disturbances,resulting in asymmetricvariation of paired traits.Previous research has demonstrated a negative relationship between DI,measured as forearm asymmetry,and survivalin the bat Carollia perspicillata.This study aims to test the hypothesis that individuals with higher DI exhibit a lower immune response.We measured a delayed-type hypersensitivity to the antigen phytohemagglutinin(PHA)on 74 males and 65 females of C.perspicillata before and after thebreeding season(BS).Linear models were used to predict the immunological response based on body mass(BM),forearm asymmetry,sex,BS,and testicle length.The best-ftting model accounted for 29% of the variation in immune response and included asymmetry,BM,sex,and BS aspredictors.The immune response was negatively associated with asymmetry and testicle length in males but positively related to asymmetryin females.Both sexes showed a reduced immune response in the late BS.Additionally,the association between immune response and BMchanged direction seasonally,with heavier individuals showing weaker responses early in the BS and stronger responses later.Individual variation in male immunity was predicted by individual attributes,whereas variation in immune response in females was mostly seasonal.Our resultssupport the link between DI,survival,and immune response in short-tailed bats,and suggest that the immunological component measured bythe PHA response may be under fner selection in males due to its stronger correlation with individual traits.
基金supported by Decit/SCTIE-Ministério da Saúde,Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq),Fundação de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado de Alagoas(FAPEAL)and Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Alagoas(SESAU-AL)[PPSUS 60030000841/2016].
文摘Objective:To investigate mutations in the Chikungunya(CHIKV)envelope genome region and evaluate their potential impact on B lymphocyte epitopes via in silico analysis.Methods:E1,E2 and 6K protein genes were sequenced from viral RNA isolated from 13 CHIKV-positive serum samples from Alagoas State,Brazil,during the 2016 outbreak.Phylogenetic analysis,experimental epitope identification in the immune epitope database(IEDB)and in silico approaches were employed to predict the potential impact of the detected mutations.Results:The sequences were clustered via phylogenetic analysis.The CHIKV isolates belong to the ECSA genotype,with 13 detected amino acid mutations.Five mutations are located on the surface of the viral particle in regions critical for cellular receptor interaction.Nine mutations are known experimentally validated epitopes for B and T cells.In B-cell epitope predictions,mutations affect sequences within three conformational epitopes in E2 and one in E1,as well as linear epitopes.Notably,the E2-G60D mutation found in the Alagoas strain has been previously reported to influence the vector competence of Aedes aegypti,the primary vector in Brazil.Conclusions:Genomic surveillance and an in-depth understanding of viral mutations are crucial for adapting public health strategies and improving the outbreak response.These findings could have significant public health implications,such as the development of more effective vaccines,diagnostic tests,and antiviral therapies.
基金Research Foundation of Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science(L2019F15)Ling Chuang Research Project of China National Nuclear Corporation(CNNC-LCKY-202279)。
文摘The microstructures and corrosion behavior of 1.0wt%Gd-containing neutron-absorbing duplex stainless steel annealed at different temperatures were studied.Results reveal that the content of Gd-containing secondary phase increases with increasing the annealing temperatures to 1080℃,and then decreases.In the sample annealed at 1080℃,M-Gd(M=Fe,Cr,Ni)intermetallic with M_(3)Gd as the core phase and M_(12)Gd as the shell is the primary secondary phase.In the sample annealed at 1140℃,M_(3)Gd phase is dominant.The corrosion behavior of the two annealed steel samples were analyzed in NaCl,HCl and H_(3)BO_(3) solutions.It is found that the sample annealed at 1140℃ has lower corrosion rate.M_(3)Gd is more electrochemically active than M_(12)Gd when the sample is immersed in NaCl and HCl solutions,but more noble in H_(3)BO_(3) solution.
基金the Graduate Program in Ecology, Conservation and Wildlife Management (ECMVS)Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB)+1 种基金Department of Botany, Biodiversitas Foundation, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for supporting this study
文摘Potential interactive effects and trade-offs between drivers can regulate species diversity,affecting distributions by several orders of magnitude and distribution.The decomposition ofβ-diversity into turnover and nestedness could disentangle community assembly rules and offer the opportunity to encompass the processes that structure the communities and maintain theβ-diversity on the campo rupestre.We evaluatedα-andβ-diversity and species conservation status of rocky outcrop communities in the Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó,as well as the decomposed component of theβ-diversity index.Due to the isolation characteristics of rocky outcrops,we expect to find high taxonomic turnover among the communities.The study was performed on five quartzitic rocky outcrops divided into two sampling stations.We used field expeditions and plant inventory data of shrubs and herbaceous layers.We recorded 286 angiosperms taxa among rocky outcrops of campo rupestre of Serra do Cipó.The structure andα-diversity showed significant differences among rocky outcrops and an evident oligarchic structure in the plant communities analyzed.Taxonomicβ-diversity showed high turnover with a significant contribution of the turnover component to this index.This pattern reflects the interplay between regional and local scale processes.Therefore,we believe this approach becomes a unified framework,which allows the comparison of diversity patterns and ecological processes in rocky outcrops ecosystems.We highlight the high percentage of not evaluated species for threats and the need to fill this lack.
文摘It was in the 1980s that research on somatostatin(SST)in Alzheimer’s disease(AD)truly gained traction,demonstrating consistent colocalization with amyloid-β(Aβ),along with massive SST/SST cell losses(Almeida,2024).Although the field already had some grasp over the neuroendocrine and hypothalamic functions of the peptide,very little was known about the GABAergic interneurons(SST-INs)that synthesize it in cortical/hippocampal regions.Quite excitingly,over 40 years later,research has grown effervescent.
基金supported by Brazilian agencies CAPES(Finance Code 001)CNPq through PQ productivity scholarship.
文摘Here we compare the efficacy of anti-obesity drugs alone or combined with exercise training on body weight and exercise capacity of obese patients.Randomized clinical trials that assessed the impact of any anti-obesity drug alone or combined with exercise training on body weight,body fat,fat-free mass and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese patients were retrieved from Pubmed and EMBASE up to May 2024.Risk of bias assessment was performed with RoB 2.0,and the GRADE approach assessed the certainty of evidence(CoE)of each main outcome.We included four publications summing up 202 patients.Two publications used orlistat as an anti-obesity drug treatment,while the other two adopted GLP-1 receptor agonist(liraglutide or tirzepatide)as a pharmacotherapy for weight management.Orlistat combined with exercise was superior to change body weight(mean difference(MD):−2.27 kg;95%CI:−2.86 to−1.69;CoE:very low),fat mass(MD:−2.89;95%CI:−3.87 to−1.91;CoE:very low),fat-free mass(MD:0.56;95%CI:0.40–0.72;CoE:very low),and VO_(2)Peak(MD:2.64;95%CI:2.52–2.76;CoE:very low).GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs combined with exercise had a great effect on body weight(MD:−3.96 kg;95%CI:−5.07 to−2.85;CoE:low),fat mass(MD:−1.76;95%CI:−2.24 to−1.27;CoE:low),fat-free mass(MD:0.50;95%CI:−0.98 to 1.98;CoE:very low)and VO_(2)Peak(MD:2.47;95%CI:1.31–3.63;CoE:very low).The results reported here suggest that exercise training remains an important approach in weight management when combined with pharmacological treatment.
基金Fundação de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado de São Paulo(FAPESP,Brazil,#2020/11667-0)and Universidade Federal do ABC(UFABC,Brazil)were recipients of fellowships from FAPESP:THLV(#2021/11969-9 and#2024/00828-3),GBS(#2021/14227-3),and GMB(#2024/10858-7)+1 种基金recipients of fellowships from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES,Brazil):MIM(Finance Code 001,#88887.597402/2021-00)recipients of fellowships from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq,Brazil.):GKD(#145164/2024-1),and DRA(#308819/2022-5).
文摘The intricate landscape of neurodegenerative diseases complicates the search for effective therapeutic approaches.Photoreceptor degeneration,the common endpoint in various retinal diseases,including retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration,leads to vision loss or blindness.While primary cell death is driven by genetic mutations,oxidative stress,and neuroinflammation,additional mechanisms contribute to disease progression.In retinitis pigmentosa,a multitude of genetic alterations can trigger the degeneration of photoreceptors,while other retinopathies,such as agerelated macular degeneration,are initiated by combinations of environmental factors,such as diet,smoking,and hypertension,with genetic predispositions.Nutraceutical therapies,which blend the principles of nutrition and pharmaceuticals,aim to harness the health benefits of bioactive compounds for therapeutic applications.These compounds generally possess multi-target effects.Polyphenols and flavonoids,secondary plant metabolites abundant in plant-based foods,are known for their antioxidant,neuroprotective,and anti-inflammatory properties.This review focuses on the potential of polyphenols and flavonoids as nutraceuticals to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa.Furthermore,the importance of developing reliable delivery methods to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of these compounds will be discussed.By combining nutraceuticals with other emerging therapies,such as genetic and cell-based treatments,it is possible to offer a more comprehensive approach to treating retinal degenerative diseases.These advancements could lead to a viable and accessible option,improving the quality of life for patients with retinal diseases.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472553 and 31872039)the Major Special Projects for Green Pest Control,China(110202201017(LS-01))+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,China(KQTD20180411143628272)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘Transient receptor potential(TRP)channels are a class of ion channel proteins that are closely related to thermosensation in insects.They are involved in detecting the ambient temperature and play vital roles in insect survival and reproduction.In this study,we identifed and cloned two variants of the TRPA subfamily gene in Myzus persicae,MperTRPA1(A)and MperTRPA1(B),and analyzed their tissue expression by real-time quantitative PCR.Subsequently,these two variants of MperTRPA1 were expressed in the Xenopus oocyte system,and their functions were investigated using the two-electrode voltage clamp technique.The role of the MperTRPA1 gene in temperature adaptation of M.persicae was further determined by RNA interference and a behavioral choice assay to evaluate responses to temperature gradients.The results showed that the MperTRPA1 gene is widely expressed in tissues of M.persicae,with MperTRPA1(A)highly expressed in the mouthparts and MperTRPA1(B)mainly expressed in the antennae.The functional characterization results showed that both variants of MperTRPA1 could be activated and were not desensitized when the temperature increased from 20 to 45℃.The current value and thermal sensitivity(coeffcient Q_(10)value)of MperTRPA1(B)were signifcantly higher than those of MperTRPA1(A).When the MperTRPA1 gene was knocked down,the behavioral preference of M.persicae for the optimal temperature was reduced and tended to be at a higher temperature,showing a shift in the temperature adaptation range compared to both the wild type and ds GFP-treated M.persicae.In summary,our results elucidated the molecular mechanism of adaptive temperature perception in M.persicae mediated by the thermal sensor MperTRPA1.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1301600)Shaanxi Livestock and Poultry Breeding Double-chain Fusion Key Project(2022GD-TSLD-46-0401)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2022JQ-171).
文摘Chicken(Gallus gallus)is a vital living organism and plays a crucial role in food requirements.Complete and accurate chicken genomes are critical for insights into chicken breeding,avian evolution,and comparative genomics(Bravo et al.,2021).Pan-genomes possess more power to capture complete gene sets,thus presenting more comprehensive genomic information within species.
基金supported by the China National Key Program for Science and Technology Research and Development of China (2022YFA1602901,2023YFA1608204)the National SKA Program of China (No.2022SKA0110201)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC,grant Nos.11873051,11988101,12033008,12041305,12125302,12173016,and 12203065)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research grant (No.YSBR-062)the K.C.Wong Education Foundationthe science research grants from the China Manned Space Projectsupport from the Cultivation Project for FAST Scientific Payoff and Research Achievement of CAMS-CASsupported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation grant No.2024M763213
文摘The standing waves existing in radio telescope data are primarily due to reflections among the instruments,which significantly impact the spectral quality of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST).Eliminating these standing waves for FAST is challenging given the constant changes in their phases and amplitudes.Over a ten-second period,the phases shift by 18°while the amplitudes fluctuate by 6 mK.Thus,we developed the fast Fourier transform(FFT)filter method to eliminate these standing waves for every individual spectrum.The FFT filter can decrease the rms from 3.2 to 1.15 times the theoretical estimate.Compared to other methods such as sine fitting and running median,the FFT filter achieves a median rms of approximately 1.2 times the theoretical expectation and the smallest scatter at 12%.Additionally,the FFT filter method avoids the flux loss issue encountered with some other methods.The FFT is also efficient in detecting harmonic radio frequency interference(RFI).In the FAST data,we identified three distinct types of harmonic RFI,each with amplitudes exceeding 100 mK and intrinsic frequency periods of 8.1,0.5,and 0.37 MHz,respectively.The FFT filter,proven as the most effective method,is integrated into the H I data calibration and imaging pipeline for FAST(HiFAST,https://hifast.readthedocs.io).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52074179)for the financial supportNational Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB3713705)is also acknowledged.
文摘Cleanliness control of advanced steels is of vital importance for quality control of the products.In order to understand and control the inclusion removal during refining process in molten steel,its motion behaviors at the multiple steel/gas/slag interfaces have attracted the attention much of metallurgical community.The recent development of the agglomeration of non-metallic inclusions at the steel/Ar and steel/slag interfaces has been summarized,and both the experimental as well as theoretical works have been surveyed.In terms of in situ observation of high-temperature interfacial phenomena in the molten steel,researchers utilized high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy to observe the movement of more types of inclusions at the interface,i.e.,the investigated inclusion is no longer limited to Al_(2)O_(3)-based inclusions but moves forward to rare earth oxides,MgO-based oxides,etc.In terms of theoretical models,especially the model of inclusions at the steel/slag interface,the recent development has overcome the limitations of the assumptions of Kralchevsky-Paunov model and verified the possible errors caused by the model assumptions by combining the water model and the physical model.Last but not least,the future work in this topic has been suggested,which could be in combination of thermal physical properties of steels and slag,as well as utilize the artificial intelligence-based methodology to implement a comprehensive inclusion motion behaviors during a comprehensive metallurgical process.
基金P.D.and P.S.A.received Ph.D.scholarships from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES)(Finance Code 001)P.D.received a Postdoctoral fellowship from CAPES(grant number:88887.469218/2019-00)+4 种基金R.H.M.received a fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científco e Tecnológico(CNPq)for the duration of the study.Funding was also provided by Animal Behavior Society[ABS Student Research Grant to P.S.A.]Association of Field Ornithologists[E.Alexander Bergstrom Memorial Research Award to P.S.A.]American Ornithological Society[Postdoctoral Research Award to P.D.]the logistic and fnancial support provided by Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia from Universidade de Brasília in association with Programa de Excelência Acadêmica PROEX/CAPES(1789/2015)the fnancial support provided by CNPq(471945/2013-7).
文摘Vocal individuality is essential for social discrimination but has been poorly studied in animals that produce communal signals(duets or choruses).Song overlapping and temporal coordination make the assessment of individuality in communal signals more complex.In addition,selection may favor the accurate identifcation of pairs over individuals by receivers in year-round territorial species with duetting and long-term pair bonding.Here,we studied pair and individual vocal signatures in the polyphonal duets of rufous horneros Furnarius rufus,a Neotropical bird known for its long-term pair bonds.Hornero partners engage in duets to deter territorial intruders and protect their partnership year-round and can discern duets from neighbors versus strangers.Using a dataset of 471 duets from 43 pairs in 2 populations,we measured fne-scale acoustic features across different duet levels(e.g.,complete duets to non-overlapping syllable parts)and analysis levels(pair or individual).Permuted linear discriminant function analyses classifed pairs and individuals more accurately than expected by chance(means:45%and 47%vs.4 and 2%).Pair identity explained more variance in the multivariate acoustic features of duets than individual or population identities.The initial frequency of the duet showed strong potential for encoding pair identity.The acoustic traits contributing most to individual vocal signatures varied between sexes,which might facilitate the simultaneous assessment of duetters’identities by receivers.Our study indicates that vocal individuality may exist even in species with intricate and innate communal signals and elucidates the mechanisms employed by horneros in their social discrimination ability.
