In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with l...In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with low molecular weight and amorphous state.X-ray diffraction results revealed that the natural starch crystalline region was largely disrupted by ionic liquid owing to the broken intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.After hydrolysis,the morphology of starch changed from particles of native corn starch into little pieces,and their molecular weight could be effectively regulated during the hydrolysis process,and also the hydrolyzed starch samples exhibited decreased thermal stability with the extension of hydrolysis time.This work would counsel as a powerful tool for the development of native starch in realistic applications.展开更多
The octahedral tunnel-like three-dimensional(3D)structure of V_(2)O_(3)enables fast metal ion(de)intercalation and high capacity in aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),but suffers from phase transition-induced structural...The octahedral tunnel-like three-dimensional(3D)structure of V_(2)O_(3)enables fast metal ion(de)intercalation and high capacity in aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),but suffers from phase transition-induced structural degradation and capacity fading.Herein,we demonstrate that the undesirable phase transition of V_(2)O_(3)can be effectively suppressed through a new La^(3+)doping strategy and its implementation as a robust ZIBs cathode.The introduced La^(3+)ions not only can increase cell volume and expand ion channels of V_(2)O_(3)but also offer plentiful Zn^(2+)storage sites and promote the transport of Zn^(2+)ions and electrons.In particular,the doping of La^(3+)maintains the octahedral tunnel structure of V_(2)O_(3)and prevents its phase transition during(dis)charge,which improves the cycle stability of the V_(2)O_(3)cathode in ZIBs.By virtue of the above favorable factors,La-doped V_(2)O_(3)electrode presents an impressive discharge capacity of632.1 m Ah g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)after 100 cycles with a capacity retention up to 93.1%.Even at 10 A g^(-1),its discharge capacity remains at 342.7 mAh g^(-1)after 1000 cycles with a capacity attenuation of solely0.0069%per cycle.This work establishes rare-earth cation doping as a universal paradigm to reconcile structural stability and multi-electron redox activity in high-capacity battery electrodes.展开更多
A detailed investigation was carried out to understand how the variations in configurations of the spiroannulated 6-6-6-5-5 pentacyclic diastereoisomers,the key intermediates for the synthesis of two C30 terpene quino...A detailed investigation was carried out to understand how the variations in configurations of the spiroannulated 6-6-6-5-5 pentacyclic diastereoisomers,the key intermediates for the synthesis of two C30 terpene quinonemethides and their stereoisomers,impact the reactivity of cyclopropanation.The configurations at C9,C8,and C14 for all four pentacyclic diastereoisomers involved in the diastereoisomeric mixture were determined through a combination of suitable chemical derivatization and multiple NMR spectroscopic analyses.Based on the defined configuration,the 3D structures of these diastereoisomers were optimized by density functional theory(DFT)calculation.These investigations provide reasonable supports,mainly from the steric considerations,for understanding why different diastereoisomers exhibit markedly different reactivity,as well as regio-and stereo-selectivity for cyclopropanation.In addition,the mechanism for the construction of the spiroannulated 6-6-6-5-5 pentacyclic scaffold via intramolecular Michael/aldol cascade was also investigated by deuterium labeling experiments.展开更多
Carbon superstructures with multiscale hierarchies and functional attributes represent an appealing cathode candidate for zinc hybrid capacitors,but their tailor-made design to optimize the capacitive activity remains...Carbon superstructures with multiscale hierarchies and functional attributes represent an appealing cathode candidate for zinc hybrid capacitors,but their tailor-made design to optimize the capacitive activity remains a confusing topic.Here we develop a hydrogen-bond-oriented interfacial super-assembly strategy to custom-tailor nanosheet-intertwined spherical carbon superstructures(SCSs)for Zn-ion storage with double-high capacitive activity and durability.Tetrachlorobenzoquinone(H-bond acceptor)and dimethylbenzidine(H-bond donator)can interact to form organic nanosheet modules,which are sequentially assembled,orientally compacted and densified into well-orchestrated superstructures through multiple H-bonds(N-H···O).Featured with rich surface-active heterodiatomic motifs,more exposed nanoporous channels,and successive charge migration paths,SCSs cathode promises high accessibility of built-in zincophilic sites and rapid ion diffusion with low energy barriers(3.3Ωs-0.5).Consequently,the assembled Zn||SCSs capacitor harvests all-round improvement in Zn-ion storage metrics,including high energy density(166 Wh kg-1),high-rate performance(172 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)),and long-lasting cycling lifespan(95.5%capacity retention after 500,000 cycles).An opposite chargecarrier storage mechanism is rationalized for SCSs cathode to maximize spatial capacitive charge storage,involving high-kinetics physical Zn^(2+)/CF_(3)SO_(3)-adsorption and chemical Zn^(2+)redox with carbonyl/pyridine groups.This work gives insights into H-bond-guided interfacial superassembly design of superstructural carbons toward advanced energy storage.展开更多
Sichuan sausages with moisture contents of 40%,45%,50%,and 60% were stored at-18℃for durations of 0,2,4,6,and 8 weeks to evaluate the effect of moisture content on the quality attributes of Sichuan sausages during fr...Sichuan sausages with moisture contents of 40%,45%,50%,and 60% were stored at-18℃for durations of 0,2,4,6,and 8 weeks to evaluate the effect of moisture content on the quality attributes of Sichuan sausages during frozen storage.Product indicators including pH,colour,thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS),total volatile basic nitrogen(TVB-N),texture,electronic nose(E-nose)response,and water-holding capacity(thawing and cooking losses)were determined.The results indicated that as storage time increased,water retention in Sichuan sausages with different moisture contents decreased,while the degree of protein and lipid oxidation increased.This led to an increase in pH value,a colour shift from red-bright to grey-brown,and a deterioration in palatability.Among the samples,sausages with 50% moisture content exhibited the lowest thawing and cooking losses,indicating superior water-holding capacity.After 8 weeks of storage,TBARS and TVB-N values for the 50% moisture group were 19.5%and 2.5%lower,respectively,than those of the 40%and 45%moisture groups,indicating a reduced degree of oxidation.Furthermore,Sichuan sausage with 50%moisture content demonstrated an appropriate pH and colour difference,along with excellent texture and flavour,as evidenced by its higher toughness and satisfactory hardness.In conclusion,Sichuan sausage with 50% moisture content demonstrated the highest overall quality under frozen storage conditions.展开更多
The rapid development of information technology and accelerated digitalization have led to an explosive growth of data across various fields.As a key technology for knowledge representation and sharing,knowledge graph...The rapid development of information technology and accelerated digitalization have led to an explosive growth of data across various fields.As a key technology for knowledge representation and sharing,knowledge graphs play a crucial role by constructing structured networks of relationships among entities.However,data sparsity and numerous unexplored implicit relations result in the widespread incompleteness of knowledge graphs.In static knowledge graph completion,most existing methods rely on linear operations or simple interaction mechanisms for triple encoding,making it difficult to fully capture the deep semantic associations between entities and relations.Moreover,many methods focus only on the local information of individual triples,ignoring the rich semantic dependencies embedded in the neighboring nodes of entities within the graph structure,which leads to incomplete embedding representations.To address these challenges,we propose Two-Stage Mixer Embedding(TSMixerE),a static knowledge graph completion method based on entity context.In the unit semantic extraction stage,TSMixerE leveragesmulti-scale circular convolution to capture local features atmultiple granularities,enhancing the flexibility and robustness of feature interactions.A channel attention mechanism amplifies key channel responses to suppress noise and irrelevant information,thereby improving the discriminative power and semantic depth of feature representations.For contextual information fusion,a multi-layer self-attentionmechanism enables deep interactions among contextual cues,effectively integrating local details with global context.Simultaneously,type embeddings clarify the semantic identities and roles of each component,enhancing the model’s sensitivity and fusion capabilities for diverse information sources.Furthermore,TSMixerE constructs contextual unit sequences for entities,fully exploring neighborhood information within the graph structure to model complex semantic dependencies,thus improving the completeness and generalization of embedding representations.展开更多
Polyolefins with intrinsic antimicrobial properties have attracted significant attention.In this study,various ion-functionalized polyolefins were successfully constructed by incorporating iodine-containing comonomers...Polyolefins with intrinsic antimicrobial properties have attracted significant attention.In this study,various ion-functionalized polyolefins were successfully constructed by incorporating iodine-containing comonomers into a polypropylene backbone,followed by post-functionalization strategies that utilized the conversion reactions of pre-introduced iodine groups.The introduction of ionic groups induced notable changes in both the thermal properties and the melt rheological behavior of the material.The dual crosslinking mechanism based on ionic interactions and polypropylene crystallization significantly enhanced the mechanical strength of the material.In addition,imidazolium-based ionomers exhibit highly effective antimicrobial properties against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus.Specifically,the P5-CCl_(3)CO_(2)^(−)sample achieved a sterilization rate of 99.99%against both bacteria and maintained a high bactericidal efficacy of above 90%,even after continuous supplementation with fresh bacterial solutions for 15 days.Consequently,this polypropylene-based ionomer,which combines excellent mechanical strength with outstanding antimicrobial performance,demonstrates substantial application potential in children’s toys,food packaging,and medicine.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the association between functionaloutcomes and postoperative patient satisfaction 5y aftersmall incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and femtosecondlaser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK).MET...AIM:To investigate the association between functionaloutcomes and postoperative patient satisfaction 5y aftersmall incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and femtosecondlaser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK).METHODS:This is a cross-sectional study.Thepatients underwent basic ophthalmic examinations,axiallength measurement,wide-field fundus photography,andaccommodation function testing.Behavioral habits datawere collected using a self-administered questionnaire,andvisual symptoms were assessed with the Quality of Vision(QoV)questionnaire.Postoperative satisfaction was alsorecorded.RESULTS:Totally 410 subjects[820 eyes,160males(39.02%)and 250 females(60.98%)]who hadundergone SMILE or FS-LASIK 5y ago were enrolled.Themean(standard deviation,SD)age of all patients was29.83y(6.69).The mean(SD)preoperative manifest SEwas-5.80(2.04)diopters(D;range:-0.88 to-13.75).Patient satisfaction at 5y after undergoing SMILE or FSLASIKwas 91.70%.Patients were categorized into twogroups:dissatisfied group and satisfied group.Significantdifferences were observed between the two groups in termsof age(P=0.012),sex(P=0.021),preoperative degreeof myopia(P=0.049),postoperative visual symptoms(frequency,P=0.043;severity,P<0.001;bothersome,P=0.018),difficulty driving at night(P=0.001),andaccommodative amplitude(AMP,P=0.020).Multivariateanalysis confirmed that female sex(P=0.024),severityof visual symptoms(P=0.009),and difficulty driving atnight(P=0.006)were significantly associated with lowersatisfaction.The dissatisfied group showed higher rates ofstarbursts,double or multiple images,and high myopia,but lower age.The frequency,severity,and bothersome ofdistortion exhibited decreased with increasing age.CONCLUSION:Patient satisfaction 5y after SMILEand FS-LASIK is high and stable.Difficulty driving at night,sex,and severity of visual symptoms are important factorsinfluencing patient satisfaction.Special attention should bepaid to younger highly myopic female patients,particularlythose with starbursts and double or multiple images.It is crucial to monitor postoperative visual outcomesand provide patients with comprehensive preoperativecounseling to enhance long-term satisfaction.展开更多
Artificial light at night(ALAN),as an emerging pollutant,disrupts wild animals'nocturnal behaviours and physiological processes.Recent evidence indicates that ALAN can also impair diurnal cognition,especially in h...Artificial light at night(ALAN),as an emerging pollutant,disrupts wild animals'nocturnal behaviours and physiological processes.Recent evidence indicates that ALAN can also impair diurnal cognition,especially in highly developed vertebrates.However,previous research has rendered mixed results across taxa and task types,with the parameters of the light source also scattered.That limits conclusion generalizability.Here we examined cognitive impacts of ALAN in housed Java Sparrows(Lonchura oryzivora),focusing on two questions:(1)whether ALAN uniformly impairs diverse cognitive traits and(2)how correlated colour temperatures(CCTs)modulate these effects.Sparrows were exposed to amber light(low CCT),neutral-white light(medium CCT),blue light(high CCT),or a no-light control.We then compared individual performance in three cognitive paradigms which were used to assess the animals'capacities of discrimination learning,reversal learning,and inhibitory control.Results showed no significant effects of ALAN on discrimination learning,but ALAN-exposed birds required fewer trials in reversal learning.Lower CCT(amber light)led to more failures in detour-reaching.These findings indicate that cognitive impacts of ALAN are not uniformly negative but depend on cognitive function and CCT.Our study highlights context-dependent effects of ALAN,providing insights for optimizing urban lighting policies to balance ecological and human needs.展开更多
Path planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)in complex environments presents several challenges.Traditional algorithms often struggle with the complexity of high-dimensional search spaces,leading to inefficiencies...Path planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)in complex environments presents several challenges.Traditional algorithms often struggle with the complexity of high-dimensional search spaces,leading to inefficiencies.Additionally,the non-linear nature of cost functions can cause algorithms to become trapped in local optima.Furthermore,there is often a lack of adequate consideration for real-world constraints,for example,due to the necessity for obstacle avoidance or because of the restrictions of flight safety.To address the aforementioned issues,this paper proposes a dynamic weighted spherical particle swarm optimization(DW-SPSO)algorithm.The algorithm adopts a dual Sigmoid-based adaptive weight adjustment mechanism for balancing global exploration and local exploitation,as well as a lens-based opposition learning one to improve search flexibility and solution diversity.Simulation experiments on real digital elevation models demonstrate that DW-SPSO significantly outperforms recent state-of-the-art particle swarm optimization(PSO)variants in terms of path safety,smoothness,and convergence speed.The performance superiority is statistically validated by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.The results confirm the algorithm’s effectiveness in generating high-quality UAV paths under diverse threat conditions,offering a robust solution for autonomous navigation systems.展开更多
The development of optoelectronic technologies demands photodetectors with miniaturization,broadband operation,high sensitivity,and low power consumption.Although 2D van der Waals(vd W)heterostructures are promising c...The development of optoelectronic technologies demands photodetectors with miniaturization,broadband operation,high sensitivity,and low power consumption.Although 2D van der Waals(vd W)heterostructures are promising candidates due to their built-in electric fields,ultrafast photocarrier separation,and tunable bandgaps,defect states limit their performance.Therefore,the modulation of the optoelectronic properties in such heterostructures is imperative.Surface charge transfer doping(SCTD)has emerged as a promising strategy for non-destructive modulation of electronic and optoelectronic characteristics in two-dimensional materials.In this work,we demonstrate the construction of high-performance p-i-n vertical heterojunction photodetectors through SCTD of MoTe_(2)/ReS_(2)heterostructure using p-type F_(4)-TCNQ.Systematic characterization reveals that the interfacial doping process effectively amplifies the built-in electric field,enhancing photogenerated carrier separation efficiency.Compared to the pristine heterojunction device,the doped photodetector exhibits remarkable visible to nearinfrared(635-1064 nm)performance.Particularly under 1064 nm illumination at zero bias,the device achieves a responsivity of 2.86 A/W and specific detectivity of 1.41×10^(12)Jones.Notably,the external quantum efficiency reaches an exceptional value of 334%compared to the initial 11.5%,while maintaining ultrafast response characteristics with rise/fall times of 11.6/15.6μs.This work provides new insights into interface engineering through molecular doping for developing high-performance vd W optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)are a means of large-scale energy storage due to their excellent scalability,safety,long cycling life,and decoupled power and energy capacities.However,the slow redox kinetics of va...Vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)are a means of large-scale energy storage due to their excellent scalability,safety,long cycling life,and decoupled power and energy capacities.However,the slow redox kinetics of vanadium species on conventional carbon electrodes remains a major limitation to their performance.We investigated the deposition of carbon black,carbon nanotubes,and electrochemically exfoliated graphene(Exf-Gr)onto thermally-activated carbon paper(ACP)by spray coating to increase the electrode electrocatalytic activity.The modified electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron microscopy,and surface area analysis,while their electrochemical properties were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and singlecell VRFB testing.Among the modified electrodes,Exf-Gr/ACP had the best performance,achieving a 2.9-fold reduction in charge transfer resistance compared to pristine ACP and delivering 2.5 times the discharge capacity in single-cell tests.This improvement is attributed to Exf-Gr’s high surface area,favorable catalytic activity,and excellent dispersion on the ACP substrate.Surface modification with electrochemically exfoliated graphene is a highly effective strategy for improving the electrode performance in VRFB systems,with significant implications for large-scale energy storage.展开更多
The fractional quantum Hall effect remains a captivating area in condensed matter physics,characterized by strongly correlated topological order,which manifests as fractionalized excitations and anyonic statistics.Num...The fractional quantum Hall effect remains a captivating area in condensed matter physics,characterized by strongly correlated topological order,which manifests as fractionalized excitations and anyonic statistics.Numerical simulations,such as exact diagonalization,density matrix renormalization groups,matrix product states,and Monte Carlo methods are essential for examining the properties of strongly correlated systems.Recently,density functional theory has been employed in this field within the framework of composite fermion theory.This paper systematically evaluates how density functional theory approaches have addressed fundamental challenges in fractional quantum Hall systems,including ground state and low-energy excitations.Special attention is given to the insights provided by density functional theory regarding composite fermion behavior,edge effects,and the nature of fractional charge and magnetoroton excitations.The discussion critically examines both the advantages and limitations of these approaches,while highlighting the productive interplay between numerical simulations and theoretical models.Future directions are explored,particularly the promising potential of time-dependent density functional theory for modeling non-equilibrium dynamics in quantum Hall systems.展开更多
Despite the high energy density,lithium metal batteries(LMBs)face significant cycling instability and safety challenges,especially at subzero temperatures.Herein,we report a rationally designed lowconcentrated electro...Despite the high energy density,lithium metal batteries(LMBs)face significant cycling instability and safety challenges,especially at subzero temperatures.Herein,we report a rationally designed lowconcentrated electrolyte system that employs a low-freezing-point diluent to compress solvation sheaths,enabling the formation of a compact anion-dominated solvation structure that enhances interfacial stability and safety.Molecular dynamics reveal the unique solvation structure with close packing of anions in this low-concentration electrolyte from the micro-mesoscopic scale.The optimized electrolyte combines cost-effectiveness,superior wettability,intrinsic nonflammability,and high stability,concurrently promoting a hybrid organic-inorganic solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)for uniform lithium deposition.As a result,the Li‖LiFePO_(4)(LFP)full cells demonstrate stable cycling for 700 cycles at the current density of 4 C.Remarkably,the electrolyte demonstrates exceptional low-temperature performance,indicating broad operational viability.This work provides a promising electrolyte design strategy that addresses both safety and excellent electrochemical performance in high-energy-density metal-based batteries,including but not restricted to Li,Na,K and Zn multivalent ion systems.展开更多
There is an urgent need to develop magnesium-matrix materials that exhibit both high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion to ensure compatibility with chips.This study aims to develop a Mg-Zn-Cu alloy with h...There is an urgent need to develop magnesium-matrix materials that exhibit both high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion to ensure compatibility with chips.This study aims to develop a Mg-Zn-Cu alloy with high thermal conductivity.Furthermore,it explores the preparation of AlN_(P)/Mg-Zn-Cu composites featuring low coefficients of thermal expansion.The stir casting method was utilized to fabricate the composites and an investigation was conducted to examine their microstructure and thermal properties.Results indicate that the addition of AlN_(P)reduces the thermal expansion coefficient while maintaining relatively high thermal conductivity.Specifically,the AlN_(P)/Mg-0.5Zn-0.5Cu composite with 30wt.%AlN_(P)achieves a thermal conductivity of 132.7 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)and a thermal expansion coefficient of 18.5×10^(-6)K^(-1),rendering it suitable for electronic packaging applications where thermal management is critical.展开更多
Loss of immune tolerance to central nervous system(CNS)antigens lies at the heart of multiple sclerosis(MS),the most common chronic autoimmune disease of the CNS.MS affects nearly2 million people wo rldwide and is cha...Loss of immune tolerance to central nervous system(CNS)antigens lies at the heart of multiple sclerosis(MS),the most common chronic autoimmune disease of the CNS.MS affects nearly2 million people wo rldwide and is chara cterized by focal areas of demyelination,inflammation,axonal injury,and neurodegeneration(Bronge et al.,2022;Magliozzi et al.,2023).展开更多
Neuroinflammation is a key process in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases,such as multiple sclerosis(MS),Alzheimer's disease,and traumatic brain injury.Even for disorders historically unrelated ...Neuroinflammation is a key process in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases,such as multiple sclerosis(MS),Alzheimer's disease,and traumatic brain injury.Even for disorders historically unrelated to neuroinflammation,such as Alzheimer's disease,it is now shown to precede pathological protein aggregations.展开更多
The impact of spinal cord injury(SCI)on the immune system is increasingly recognized in a field traditionally focused on motor impairments.SCI can seriously affect the immune system by progressively disrupting the reg...The impact of spinal cord injury(SCI)on the immune system is increasingly recognized in a field traditionally focused on motor impairments.SCI can seriously affect the immune system by progressively disrupting the regulatory mechanisms that control immune responses.This dysregulation varies widely among patients and can evolve over time,ranging from systemic inflammatory responses to immunosuppression,greatly contributing to the morbidity and mortality of individuals with SCI(Bao et al.,2011;Brennan et al.,2024).展开更多
The 200 Gbit/s passive optical network(PON)is most likely to be the next-generation scheme following 50G PON.The costeffective direct detection(DD)system is the economical choice.However,larger-capacity DD systems wil...The 200 Gbit/s passive optical network(PON)is most likely to be the next-generation scheme following 50G PON.The costeffective direct detection(DD)system is the economical choice.However,larger-capacity DD systems will face much more serious power fading caused by chromatic dispersion(CD)combined with square-law DD and thereby significantly increases the complexity of equalization algorithms.In this paper,a 200 Gbit/s Nyquist 4-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM4)single side-band(SSB)modulation-DD downlink scheme is designed,and a low complexity quadratic-nonlinear equalizer is proposed for this system.The computational complexity of the quadratic nonlinear equalizer is about 28%of that of the conventional Volterra nonlinear equalizer,while still exhibiting excellent nonlinear equalization ability.Simulation results for the 200 Gbit/s system with 20 km fiber transmission show that it can achieve a power budget of 29 dB,while a 30.4 dB power budget is obtained in the 50 Gbit/s experimental transmission.展开更多
文摘In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with low molecular weight and amorphous state.X-ray diffraction results revealed that the natural starch crystalline region was largely disrupted by ionic liquid owing to the broken intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.After hydrolysis,the morphology of starch changed from particles of native corn starch into little pieces,and their molecular weight could be effectively regulated during the hydrolysis process,and also the hydrolyzed starch samples exhibited decreased thermal stability with the extension of hydrolysis time.This work would counsel as a powerful tool for the development of native starch in realistic applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51962027,and 52262039)the Fundamental Research Funds for Inner Mongolia University of Science&Technology(No.2024QNJS071,2023QNJS052 and 2024QNJS064)+2 种基金the Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.NJYT24002)the Central Guidance Fund for Local Scientific and Technological Development(2024ZY0012)the Ordos Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research Innovation Project(KYLJ25Z004)。
文摘The octahedral tunnel-like three-dimensional(3D)structure of V_(2)O_(3)enables fast metal ion(de)intercalation and high capacity in aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),but suffers from phase transition-induced structural degradation and capacity fading.Herein,we demonstrate that the undesirable phase transition of V_(2)O_(3)can be effectively suppressed through a new La^(3+)doping strategy and its implementation as a robust ZIBs cathode.The introduced La^(3+)ions not only can increase cell volume and expand ion channels of V_(2)O_(3)but also offer plentiful Zn^(2+)storage sites and promote the transport of Zn^(2+)ions and electrons.In particular,the doping of La^(3+)maintains the octahedral tunnel structure of V_(2)O_(3)and prevents its phase transition during(dis)charge,which improves the cycle stability of the V_(2)O_(3)cathode in ZIBs.By virtue of the above favorable factors,La-doped V_(2)O_(3)electrode presents an impressive discharge capacity of632.1 m Ah g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)after 100 cycles with a capacity retention up to 93.1%.Even at 10 A g^(-1),its discharge capacity remains at 342.7 mAh g^(-1)after 1000 cycles with a capacity attenuation of solely0.0069%per cycle.This work establishes rare-earth cation doping as a universal paradigm to reconcile structural stability and multi-electron redox activity in high-capacity battery electrodes.
文摘A detailed investigation was carried out to understand how the variations in configurations of the spiroannulated 6-6-6-5-5 pentacyclic diastereoisomers,the key intermediates for the synthesis of two C30 terpene quinonemethides and their stereoisomers,impact the reactivity of cyclopropanation.The configurations at C9,C8,and C14 for all four pentacyclic diastereoisomers involved in the diastereoisomeric mixture were determined through a combination of suitable chemical derivatization and multiple NMR spectroscopic analyses.Based on the defined configuration,the 3D structures of these diastereoisomers were optimized by density functional theory(DFT)calculation.These investigations provide reasonable supports,mainly from the steric considerations,for understanding why different diastereoisomers exhibit markedly different reactivity,as well as regio-and stereo-selectivity for cyclopropanation.In addition,the mechanism for the construction of the spiroannulated 6-6-6-5-5 pentacyclic scaffold via intramolecular Michael/aldol cascade was also investigated by deuterium labeling experiments.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22272118,22172111,and 22309134)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(Nos.22ZR1464100,20ZR1460300,and 19DZ2271500)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M712402),the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(23YF1449200)the Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Project(2022C01182)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023-3-YB-07)。
文摘Carbon superstructures with multiscale hierarchies and functional attributes represent an appealing cathode candidate for zinc hybrid capacitors,but their tailor-made design to optimize the capacitive activity remains a confusing topic.Here we develop a hydrogen-bond-oriented interfacial super-assembly strategy to custom-tailor nanosheet-intertwined spherical carbon superstructures(SCSs)for Zn-ion storage with double-high capacitive activity and durability.Tetrachlorobenzoquinone(H-bond acceptor)and dimethylbenzidine(H-bond donator)can interact to form organic nanosheet modules,which are sequentially assembled,orientally compacted and densified into well-orchestrated superstructures through multiple H-bonds(N-H···O).Featured with rich surface-active heterodiatomic motifs,more exposed nanoporous channels,and successive charge migration paths,SCSs cathode promises high accessibility of built-in zincophilic sites and rapid ion diffusion with low energy barriers(3.3Ωs-0.5).Consequently,the assembled Zn||SCSs capacitor harvests all-round improvement in Zn-ion storage metrics,including high energy density(166 Wh kg-1),high-rate performance(172 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)),and long-lasting cycling lifespan(95.5%capacity retention after 500,000 cycles).An opposite chargecarrier storage mechanism is rationalized for SCSs cathode to maximize spatial capacitive charge storage,involving high-kinetics physical Zn^(2+)/CF_(3)SO_(3)-adsorption and chemical Zn^(2+)redox with carbonyl/pyridine groups.This work gives insights into H-bond-guided interfacial superassembly design of superstructural carbons toward advanced energy storage.
基金Supported by National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Sichuan Pig Innovation Team(SCCXTD-2026-8)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2025ZYD0049)"Challenge and Leadership"Project for Key Core Technologies of Sui Ning in Sichuan(2025SNKBZ19).
文摘Sichuan sausages with moisture contents of 40%,45%,50%,and 60% were stored at-18℃for durations of 0,2,4,6,and 8 weeks to evaluate the effect of moisture content on the quality attributes of Sichuan sausages during frozen storage.Product indicators including pH,colour,thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS),total volatile basic nitrogen(TVB-N),texture,electronic nose(E-nose)response,and water-holding capacity(thawing and cooking losses)were determined.The results indicated that as storage time increased,water retention in Sichuan sausages with different moisture contents decreased,while the degree of protein and lipid oxidation increased.This led to an increase in pH value,a colour shift from red-bright to grey-brown,and a deterioration in palatability.Among the samples,sausages with 50% moisture content exhibited the lowest thawing and cooking losses,indicating superior water-holding capacity.After 8 weeks of storage,TBARS and TVB-N values for the 50% moisture group were 19.5%and 2.5%lower,respectively,than those of the 40%and 45%moisture groups,indicating a reduced degree of oxidation.Furthermore,Sichuan sausage with 50%moisture content demonstrated an appropriate pH and colour difference,along with excellent texture and flavour,as evidenced by its higher toughness and satisfactory hardness.In conclusion,Sichuan sausage with 50% moisture content demonstrated the highest overall quality under frozen storage conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62267005)the Chinese Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.2023GXNSFAA026493)+1 种基金Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center ofMulti-Source Information Integration and Intelligent ProcessingGuangxi Academy of Artificial Intelligence.
文摘The rapid development of information technology and accelerated digitalization have led to an explosive growth of data across various fields.As a key technology for knowledge representation and sharing,knowledge graphs play a crucial role by constructing structured networks of relationships among entities.However,data sparsity and numerous unexplored implicit relations result in the widespread incompleteness of knowledge graphs.In static knowledge graph completion,most existing methods rely on linear operations or simple interaction mechanisms for triple encoding,making it difficult to fully capture the deep semantic associations between entities and relations.Moreover,many methods focus only on the local information of individual triples,ignoring the rich semantic dependencies embedded in the neighboring nodes of entities within the graph structure,which leads to incomplete embedding representations.To address these challenges,we propose Two-Stage Mixer Embedding(TSMixerE),a static knowledge graph completion method based on entity context.In the unit semantic extraction stage,TSMixerE leveragesmulti-scale circular convolution to capture local features atmultiple granularities,enhancing the flexibility and robustness of feature interactions.A channel attention mechanism amplifies key channel responses to suppress noise and irrelevant information,thereby improving the discriminative power and semantic depth of feature representations.For contextual information fusion,a multi-layer self-attentionmechanism enables deep interactions among contextual cues,effectively integrating local details with global context.Simultaneously,type embeddings clarify the semantic identities and roles of each component,enhancing the model’s sensitivity and fusion capabilities for diverse information sources.Furthermore,TSMixerE constructs contextual unit sequences for entities,fully exploring neighborhood information within the graph structure to model complex semantic dependencies,thus improving the completeness and generalization of embedding representations.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52130307 and 52121002).
文摘Polyolefins with intrinsic antimicrobial properties have attracted significant attention.In this study,various ion-functionalized polyolefins were successfully constructed by incorporating iodine-containing comonomers into a polypropylene backbone,followed by post-functionalization strategies that utilized the conversion reactions of pre-introduced iodine groups.The introduction of ionic groups induced notable changes in both the thermal properties and the melt rheological behavior of the material.The dual crosslinking mechanism based on ionic interactions and polypropylene crystallization significantly enhanced the mechanical strength of the material.In addition,imidazolium-based ionomers exhibit highly effective antimicrobial properties against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus.Specifically,the P5-CCl_(3)CO_(2)^(−)sample achieved a sterilization rate of 99.99%against both bacteria and maintained a high bactericidal efficacy of above 90%,even after continuous supplementation with fresh bacterial solutions for 15 days.Consequently,this polypropylene-based ionomer,which combines excellent mechanical strength with outstanding antimicrobial performance,demonstrates substantial application potential in children’s toys,food packaging,and medicine.
基金Supported by Research and Transformation Application of Capital Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology by Beijing Municipal Commission of Science and Technology(No.Z201100005520043).
文摘AIM:To investigate the association between functionaloutcomes and postoperative patient satisfaction 5y aftersmall incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and femtosecondlaser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK).METHODS:This is a cross-sectional study.Thepatients underwent basic ophthalmic examinations,axiallength measurement,wide-field fundus photography,andaccommodation function testing.Behavioral habits datawere collected using a self-administered questionnaire,andvisual symptoms were assessed with the Quality of Vision(QoV)questionnaire.Postoperative satisfaction was alsorecorded.RESULTS:Totally 410 subjects[820 eyes,160males(39.02%)and 250 females(60.98%)]who hadundergone SMILE or FS-LASIK 5y ago were enrolled.Themean(standard deviation,SD)age of all patients was29.83y(6.69).The mean(SD)preoperative manifest SEwas-5.80(2.04)diopters(D;range:-0.88 to-13.75).Patient satisfaction at 5y after undergoing SMILE or FSLASIKwas 91.70%.Patients were categorized into twogroups:dissatisfied group and satisfied group.Significantdifferences were observed between the two groups in termsof age(P=0.012),sex(P=0.021),preoperative degreeof myopia(P=0.049),postoperative visual symptoms(frequency,P=0.043;severity,P<0.001;bothersome,P=0.018),difficulty driving at night(P=0.001),andaccommodative amplitude(AMP,P=0.020).Multivariateanalysis confirmed that female sex(P=0.024),severityof visual symptoms(P=0.009),and difficulty driving atnight(P=0.006)were significantly associated with lowersatisfaction.The dissatisfied group showed higher rates ofstarbursts,double or multiple images,and high myopia,but lower age.The frequency,severity,and bothersome ofdistortion exhibited decreased with increasing age.CONCLUSION:Patient satisfaction 5y after SMILEand FS-LASIK is high and stable.Difficulty driving at night,sex,and severity of visual symptoms are important factorsinfluencing patient satisfaction.Special attention should bepaid to younger highly myopic female patients,particularlythose with starbursts and double or multiple images.It is crucial to monitor postoperative visual outcomesand provide patients with comprehensive preoperativecounseling to enhance long-term satisfaction.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFC3202104)Tencent Foundation’s Biodiversity Conservation Funding Project for Universities。
文摘Artificial light at night(ALAN),as an emerging pollutant,disrupts wild animals'nocturnal behaviours and physiological processes.Recent evidence indicates that ALAN can also impair diurnal cognition,especially in highly developed vertebrates.However,previous research has rendered mixed results across taxa and task types,with the parameters of the light source also scattered.That limits conclusion generalizability.Here we examined cognitive impacts of ALAN in housed Java Sparrows(Lonchura oryzivora),focusing on two questions:(1)whether ALAN uniformly impairs diverse cognitive traits and(2)how correlated colour temperatures(CCTs)modulate these effects.Sparrows were exposed to amber light(low CCT),neutral-white light(medium CCT),blue light(high CCT),or a no-light control.We then compared individual performance in three cognitive paradigms which were used to assess the animals'capacities of discrimination learning,reversal learning,and inhibitory control.Results showed no significant effects of ALAN on discrimination learning,but ALAN-exposed birds required fewer trials in reversal learning.Lower CCT(amber light)led to more failures in detour-reaching.These findings indicate that cognitive impacts of ALAN are not uniformly negative but depend on cognitive function and CCT.Our study highlights context-dependent effects of ALAN,providing insights for optimizing urban lighting policies to balance ecological and human needs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62106092)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant Nos.2024J01822,2025J01981)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhangzhou City(Grant No.ZZ2024J28).
文摘Path planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)in complex environments presents several challenges.Traditional algorithms often struggle with the complexity of high-dimensional search spaces,leading to inefficiencies.Additionally,the non-linear nature of cost functions can cause algorithms to become trapped in local optima.Furthermore,there is often a lack of adequate consideration for real-world constraints,for example,due to the necessity for obstacle avoidance or because of the restrictions of flight safety.To address the aforementioned issues,this paper proposes a dynamic weighted spherical particle swarm optimization(DW-SPSO)algorithm.The algorithm adopts a dual Sigmoid-based adaptive weight adjustment mechanism for balancing global exploration and local exploitation,as well as a lens-based opposition learning one to improve search flexibility and solution diversity.Simulation experiments on real digital elevation models demonstrate that DW-SPSO significantly outperforms recent state-of-the-art particle swarm optimization(PSO)variants in terms of path safety,smoothness,and convergence speed.The performance superiority is statistically validated by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.The results confirm the algorithm’s effectiveness in generating high-quality UAV paths under diverse threat conditions,offering a robust solution for autonomous navigation systems.
基金financial support from 2024 Domestic Visiting Scholar Program for Teachers'Professional Development in Universities(Grant No.FX2024022)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61904043)。
文摘The development of optoelectronic technologies demands photodetectors with miniaturization,broadband operation,high sensitivity,and low power consumption.Although 2D van der Waals(vd W)heterostructures are promising candidates due to their built-in electric fields,ultrafast photocarrier separation,and tunable bandgaps,defect states limit their performance.Therefore,the modulation of the optoelectronic properties in such heterostructures is imperative.Surface charge transfer doping(SCTD)has emerged as a promising strategy for non-destructive modulation of electronic and optoelectronic characteristics in two-dimensional materials.In this work,we demonstrate the construction of high-performance p-i-n vertical heterojunction photodetectors through SCTD of MoTe_(2)/ReS_(2)heterostructure using p-type F_(4)-TCNQ.Systematic characterization reveals that the interfacial doping process effectively amplifies the built-in electric field,enhancing photogenerated carrier separation efficiency.Compared to the pristine heterojunction device,the doped photodetector exhibits remarkable visible to nearinfrared(635-1064 nm)performance.Particularly under 1064 nm illumination at zero bias,the device achieves a responsivity of 2.86 A/W and specific detectivity of 1.41×10^(12)Jones.Notably,the external quantum efficiency reaches an exceptional value of 334%compared to the initial 11.5%,while maintaining ultrafast response characteristics with rise/fall times of 11.6/15.6μs.This work provides new insights into interface engineering through molecular doping for developing high-performance vd W optoelectronic devices.
基金supported by the University of Seoul’s 2025 Research Fund.
文摘Vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)are a means of large-scale energy storage due to their excellent scalability,safety,long cycling life,and decoupled power and energy capacities.However,the slow redox kinetics of vanadium species on conventional carbon electrodes remains a major limitation to their performance.We investigated the deposition of carbon black,carbon nanotubes,and electrochemically exfoliated graphene(Exf-Gr)onto thermally-activated carbon paper(ACP)by spray coating to increase the electrode electrocatalytic activity.The modified electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron microscopy,and surface area analysis,while their electrochemical properties were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and singlecell VRFB testing.Among the modified electrodes,Exf-Gr/ACP had the best performance,achieving a 2.9-fold reduction in charge transfer resistance compared to pristine ACP and delivering 2.5 times the discharge capacity in single-cell tests.This improvement is attributed to Exf-Gr’s high surface area,favorable catalytic activity,and excellent dispersion on the ACP substrate.Surface modification with electrochemically exfoliated graphene is a highly effective strategy for improving the electrode performance in VRFB systems,with significant implications for large-scale energy storage.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.12474140 and 12347101supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.12204432+1 种基金supported by the graduate research and innovation foundation of Chongqing,China under Grant No.CYB25066the inaugural Doctoral Student Special Project of the China Association for Science and Technology Young Talents Lifting Program(2024)。
文摘The fractional quantum Hall effect remains a captivating area in condensed matter physics,characterized by strongly correlated topological order,which manifests as fractionalized excitations and anyonic statistics.Numerical simulations,such as exact diagonalization,density matrix renormalization groups,matrix product states,and Monte Carlo methods are essential for examining the properties of strongly correlated systems.Recently,density functional theory has been employed in this field within the framework of composite fermion theory.This paper systematically evaluates how density functional theory approaches have addressed fundamental challenges in fractional quantum Hall systems,including ground state and low-energy excitations.Special attention is given to the insights provided by density functional theory regarding composite fermion behavior,edge effects,and the nature of fractional charge and magnetoroton excitations.The discussion critically examines both the advantages and limitations of these approaches,while highlighting the productive interplay between numerical simulations and theoretical models.Future directions are explored,particularly the promising potential of time-dependent density functional theory for modeling non-equilibrium dynamics in quantum Hall systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52472219,62133007)the project ZR2024ME073 supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundationthe Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(No.JCYJ20220530141017039)。
文摘Despite the high energy density,lithium metal batteries(LMBs)face significant cycling instability and safety challenges,especially at subzero temperatures.Herein,we report a rationally designed lowconcentrated electrolyte system that employs a low-freezing-point diluent to compress solvation sheaths,enabling the formation of a compact anion-dominated solvation structure that enhances interfacial stability and safety.Molecular dynamics reveal the unique solvation structure with close packing of anions in this low-concentration electrolyte from the micro-mesoscopic scale.The optimized electrolyte combines cost-effectiveness,superior wettability,intrinsic nonflammability,and high stability,concurrently promoting a hybrid organic-inorganic solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)for uniform lithium deposition.As a result,the Li‖LiFePO_(4)(LFP)full cells demonstrate stable cycling for 700 cycles at the current density of 4 C.Remarkably,the electrolyte demonstrates exceptional low-temperature performance,indicating broad operational viability.This work provides a promising electrolyte design strategy that addresses both safety and excellent electrochemical performance in high-energy-density metal-based batteries,including but not restricted to Li,Na,K and Zn multivalent ion systems.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52175321)the Fund of Key Laboratory of High Temperature Electromagnetic Materials and Structure of MOE(No.KB202505)。
文摘There is an urgent need to develop magnesium-matrix materials that exhibit both high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion to ensure compatibility with chips.This study aims to develop a Mg-Zn-Cu alloy with high thermal conductivity.Furthermore,it explores the preparation of AlN_(P)/Mg-Zn-Cu composites featuring low coefficients of thermal expansion.The stir casting method was utilized to fabricate the composites and an investigation was conducted to examine their microstructure and thermal properties.Results indicate that the addition of AlN_(P)reduces the thermal expansion coefficient while maintaining relatively high thermal conductivity.Specifically,the AlN_(P)/Mg-0.5Zn-0.5Cu composite with 30wt.%AlN_(P)achieves a thermal conductivity of 132.7 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)and a thermal expansion coefficient of 18.5×10^(-6)K^(-1),rendering it suitable for electronic packaging applications where thermal management is critical.
文摘Loss of immune tolerance to central nervous system(CNS)antigens lies at the heart of multiple sclerosis(MS),the most common chronic autoimmune disease of the CNS.MS affects nearly2 million people wo rldwide and is chara cterized by focal areas of demyelination,inflammation,axonal injury,and neurodegeneration(Bronge et al.,2022;Magliozzi et al.,2023).
基金supported by FWO(Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek),grant number G07562NFWO(to BB)。
文摘Neuroinflammation is a key process in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases,such as multiple sclerosis(MS),Alzheimer's disease,and traumatic brain injury.Even for disorders historically unrelated to neuroinflammation,such as Alzheimer's disease,it is now shown to precede pathological protein aggregations.
基金funded by the Santa Casa Neuroscience Awards—Prize Melo e Castro for Spinal Cord Injury Research(MC-18-2021)(to AJS and NAS)by the Wings for Life Spinal Cord Research Foundation(WFL-PT-14/23)(to NAS)+2 种基金funded by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)—projects UIDB/50026/2020,UIDP/50026/2020,and EXPL/MED-PAT/0931/2021-http://doi.org/10.54499/EXPL/MED PAT/0931/2021supported by the Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme(NORTE 2020)under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement through the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)(to SM)the support given by the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology to SM(CEECIND/01902/2017-Doi:10.54499/CEECIND/01902/2017/CP1458/CT0024),and NAS(CEECIND/04794/2007)。
文摘The impact of spinal cord injury(SCI)on the immune system is increasingly recognized in a field traditionally focused on motor impairments.SCI can seriously affect the immune system by progressively disrupting the regulatory mechanisms that control immune responses.This dysregulation varies widely among patients and can evolve over time,ranging from systemic inflammatory responses to immunosuppression,greatly contributing to the morbidity and mortality of individuals with SCI(Bao et al.,2011;Brennan et al.,2024).
基金ZTE Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Funds under Grant No.HC-CN-20230105001National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62001045。
文摘The 200 Gbit/s passive optical network(PON)is most likely to be the next-generation scheme following 50G PON.The costeffective direct detection(DD)system is the economical choice.However,larger-capacity DD systems will face much more serious power fading caused by chromatic dispersion(CD)combined with square-law DD and thereby significantly increases the complexity of equalization algorithms.In this paper,a 200 Gbit/s Nyquist 4-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM4)single side-band(SSB)modulation-DD downlink scheme is designed,and a low complexity quadratic-nonlinear equalizer is proposed for this system.The computational complexity of the quadratic nonlinear equalizer is about 28%of that of the conventional Volterra nonlinear equalizer,while still exhibiting excellent nonlinear equalization ability.Simulation results for the 200 Gbit/s system with 20 km fiber transmission show that it can achieve a power budget of 29 dB,while a 30.4 dB power budget is obtained in the 50 Gbit/s experimental transmission.
