In this paper, the authors present the transmission line (TL) realization of one-dimensional subwavelength resonator formed by a pair of conventional right-handed material (RHM) and left-handed material (LHM). In such...In this paper, the authors present the transmission line (TL) realization of one-dimensional subwavelength resonator formed by a pair of conventional right-handed material (RHM) and left-handed material (LHM). In such resonator, a novel reso- nant mode with the resonant frequency depending on the length ratio of the RH/LH TL sections occurs as a consequence of the full phase compensation due to the backward wave in the LH TL section. The theoretical circuit-model analyses are supported by simulation and experimental evidence on resonators with different RH/LH length ratios.展开更多
A model of high-overtone bulk acoustic resonators is used to study the effects of thickness deviation of elastic plates on resonance frequency spectra in planar multi-layered systems. The resonance frequency shifts in...A model of high-overtone bulk acoustic resonators is used to study the effects of thickness deviation of elastic plates on resonance frequency spectra in planar multi-layered systems. The resonance frequency shifts induced by the thickness deviations of the elastic plates periodically vary with the resonance order, which depends on the acoustic impedance ratios of the elastic plates to piezoelectric patches. Additionally, the center lines of the frequency shift oscillations linearly change with the orders of the resonance modes, and their slopes are sensitive to the thickness deviations of the plates, which can be used to quantitatively evaluate the thickness deviations.展开更多
This article theoretically studies the influence of inhomogeneous abdominal walls on focused therapeutic ultrasound based on the phase screen model. An inhomogeneous tissue is considered as a combination of a homogene...This article theoretically studies the influence of inhomogeneous abdominal walls on focused therapeutic ultrasound based on the phase screen model. An inhomogeneous tissue is considered as a combination of a homogeneous medium and a phase aberration screen. Variations of acoustic parameters such as peak positive pressure, peak negative pressure, and acoustic intensity are discussed with respect to the phase screen statistics of human abdominal walls. Results indicate that the abdominal wall can result in energy loss of the sound in the focal plane. For a typical human abdominal wall with correlation length of 7.9 mm and variance of 0.36, the peak acoustic intensity radiated from a 1MHz transmitter with a radius of 30 mm can be reduced by about 14% at the focal plane.展开更多
A new hybrid inversion method for depth profiling reconstruction of thermal conductivities of inhomogeneous solids is proposed based on multilayer quadrupole formalism of thermal waves, particle swarm optimization and...A new hybrid inversion method for depth profiling reconstruction of thermal conductivities of inhomogeneous solids is proposed based on multilayer quadrupole formalism of thermal waves, particle swarm optimization and sequential quadratic programming. The reconstruction simulations for several thermal conductivity profiles are performed to evaluate the applicability of the method. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the precision and insensitivity to noise of the inversion method are very satisfactory.展开更多
As a result of the nonlinear effect, acoustic streaming has been widely used for increasing the transport coefficient or driving a rotor, for example, in resonant cavities and non-contact ultrasonic motors. It has bee...As a result of the nonlinear effect, acoustic streaming has been widely used for increasing the transport coefficient or driving a rotor, for example, in resonant cavities and non-contact ultrasonic motors. It has been demonstrated by experiments that a temperature gradient transverse to the wave propagating direction can significantly increase the velocity of the streaming flows in resonant cavities. To check whether the transverse temperature gradient can also increase the working velocity of acoustic streaming-driven motors, we investigate this issue by numerically solving the hydrodynamic equations. It is found that the velocity of the rotor only weakly depends on the transverse temperature gradient, e.g., even with a temperature difference of 40℃ between the rotor and the stator, the velocity increases only -8.8%.展开更多
Nonlinear effect on focusing gain of acoustic field radiated from a 1-MHz focusing transmitter with a wide aperture angle of 35° is theoretically and experimentally investigated. With the enhancement of nonlinear...Nonlinear effect on focusing gain of acoustic field radiated from a 1-MHz focusing transmitter with a wide aperture angle of 35° is theoretically and experimentally investigated. With the enhancement of nonlinearity, the focusing gains of both intensity and peak positive pressure show non-monotonic behaviour. There exist the same saturated levels at which the maximum outputs are reached and their spatial distributions are more localized. In contrast, the peak negative pressure always decreases monotonically and its spatial distribution is less localized.展开更多
Exploring new acoustic parameters is essential to develop a noninvasive imaging technique for the surgery of silicone oil tamponades. In this study, the acoustic nonlinearity parameters B/A of varied silicone oil samp...Exploring new acoustic parameters is essential to develop a noninvasive imaging technique for the surgery of silicone oil tamponades. In this study, the acoustic nonlinearity parameters B/A of varied silicone oil samples （e.g., linear or hyper-branched） are experimentally measured by using a modified thermodynamic method. The results show that： （i） when the concentration of the silicone oil with a molecular weight of 5 × 10^4 increases from 0.5 g/100 ml to 8 g/100 ml, the corresponding B/A value increases by about 18%, but the acoustic velocity only increases by about 0.1%; （ii） when the molecular weight of the hyper-branched silicone oil is enhanced from 2 × 10^5 to 1 × 10^6, the B/A value increases by about 22%, while the acoustic velocity is only raised by about 0.2%. This study suggests that the B/A parameter of the silicone oil is more sensitive to the change in its molecular structure than that of the acoustic velocity. Thus, the B/A parameter might be utilized as an effective index for the development and optimization of the noninvasive imaging of the surgery of silicone oil tamponades.展开更多
Nonlinear impedances of two thermoacoustic stacks with ordered structures （plate-type and pipe-type） and one with a disordered structure （copper mesh） are studied. The linear resistances, nonlinear coefficients an...Nonlinear impedances of two thermoacoustic stacks with ordered structures （plate-type and pipe-type） and one with a disordered structure （copper mesh） are studied. The linear resistances, nonlinear coefficients and effective acoustic masses of the stacks are extracted from the experimental results based on an analogical model of nonlinear impedances of porous materials. The resistance and nonlinear coefficient of the disordered stack are found to be much larger than those of the ordered stacks, which have similar volume porosities. In the ordered stacks, the resistance is only marginally influenced by the length of the stack, while in the disordered stack, the resistance increases significantly with the length. These charac- teristics of the impedances of ordered and disordered stacks are explained with the minor loss theory and the tortuosity of a stack.展开更多
We investigate the photoinduced effects on the electronic structure for half-metallic ferromagnet CrO2 （Tc 390 K）, in which the conducting electrons are totally polarized, by using the LSDA＋U method. A significant ...We investigate the photoinduced effects on the electronic structure for half-metallic ferromagnet CrO2 （Tc 390 K）, in which the conducting electrons are totally polarized, by using the LSDA＋U method. A significant change is found for the band structure and the density of states （DOS） for CrO2 under photo-excitation, especially for the Cr 3dt2g band： disappearance of the spin-split band, suggesting collapse of the half-metallic state. We ascribe the change of electronic structure under photo-excitation to the wider one-electron band W via the strong hybridization of the down-spin Cr 3d and O 2p states. Furthermore we discuss the magnetic properties under photo-excitation.展开更多
Sub-harmonic contrast imaging promises to improve ultrasound imaging quality by taking advantage of increased contrast to tissue signal.The aim of this study is to examine the hysteretic nonlinearity of sub-harmonic c...Sub-harmonic contrast imaging promises to improve ultrasound imaging quality by taking advantage of increased contrast to tissue signal.The aim of this study is to examine the hysteretic nonlinearity of sub-harmonic component emitted from microbubbles.Two kinds of microbubble solutions,i.e.Sonovue■and a self-developed contrast agent,are utilized in the study.The hysteretic curves for increasing and decreasing acoustic pressure are theoretically predicted by the Marmottant model and confirmed by measurements.The results reveal that for both microbubble solutions,the development of the rising ramp undergoes three stages,i.e.occurrence,growth and saturation;while hysteresis effect appears in the descending ramp.Sono Vue■microbubbles exhibit better sub-harmonic performance over the self-developed UCAs microbubbles due to the difference of elastic properties of the shell.展开更多
A new kind of non-contact linear actuator （motor） driven by surface acoustic waves （SAWs） is presented, in which the stators are made from SAW delay lines using 128° YX-LiNbO3 substrates. A fluid layer is int...A new kind of non-contact linear actuator （motor） driven by surface acoustic waves （SAWs） is presented, in which the stators are made from SAW delay lines using 128° YX-LiNbO3 substrates. A fluid layer is introduced between the slider and the stator of the actuator, and the slider is a circular aluminum disk suspended on the surface of the liquid （water） layer. As the SAW is excited on the stator, the SAW is converted to a leaky wave in the interface of the stator and the liquid, and then propagates into the liquid. Owing to the nonlinear effect of wave propagation, acoustic streaming is generated, which pushes the slider to move. By the experiments, the relations between the slider velocity and the experimental parameters, such as the exciting voltage of the SAWs, the thickness and the kinematic viscosity of the liquid layer, are obtained.展开更多
The influence of the nonlinearity of electrodynamic loudspeakers on the performance of thermoacoustic refrigerators with the loudspeakers as acoustic sources is studied by nonlinear equivalent circuit models of electr...The influence of the nonlinearity of electrodynamic loudspeakers on the performance of thermoacoustic refrigerators with the loudspeakers as acoustic sources is studied by nonlinear equivalent circuit models of electrodynamic loudspeakers driven by current and voltage. The simulated results demonstrate that there are different nonlinear effects between current-drive and voltage-drive refrigerators, and the differences are mainly induced by the motional electromotive force caused by the coil moving in the magnetic field. With voltage driving, the influence of the nonlinearity of the loudspeaker on the diaphragm displacement and acoustic output power is much smaller than that with current driving. Therefore, considering the nonlinearity of the loudspeakers, a proper driving method must be chosen according to the practical applications although little difference is found with the linear models.展开更多
We present a systematic study on the extraordinary resonant scattering in imperfect acoustic cloak by means of acoustic scattering theory. Analysis results demonstrate that the resonances are inevitable due to the per...We present a systematic study on the extraordinary resonant scattering in imperfect acoustic cloak by means of acoustic scattering theory. Analysis results demonstrate that the resonances are inevitable due to the perturbation to the ideal clo^k, and specific resonance modes are excited by specific order waves. The strength of resonance is determined by the magnitude of perturbation and each order wave＇s sensitivity to the perturbation. Further studies reveal the unique scattering characters of different resonance modes.展开更多
Tubular acoustic metamaterials with negative densities composed of periodical membranes set up along pipes are studied with the fluid impedance theory.In addition to the conventional forbidden bands induced by the Bra...Tubular acoustic metamaterials with negative densities composed of periodical membranes set up along pipes are studied with the fluid impedance theory.In addition to the conventional forbidden bands induced by the Bragg-scattering due to the periodic distributions of different acoustic impedances,the low-frequency forbidden band(LFB)with the low-frequency limit of zero Hertz is studied,in which the LFB is explained with acoustic impedance matching and the Bloch theory.Furthermore,the influences of the structural parameters of the tubular acoustic metamaterials on the transmission characteristics,such as the transmission coefficients,dispersion curves,widths of forbidden and pass bands,fluctuations in pass bands,etc.,are evaluated,which can be used in the optimization of the acoustic insulation ability of the metamaterials.展开更多
ZnO films on R-sapphire substrates are prepared and characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, which indicate that the thin films are well crystallized with （1120） texture. Love wave and Ra...ZnO films on R-sapphire substrates are prepared and characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, which indicate that the thin films are well crystallized with （1120） texture. Love wave and Rayleigh wave are used for fabrications of humidity sensors, which are excited in [1100] and [0001] directions of the （1120） ZnO piezoelectric films, respectively. The experimental results show that both kinds of sensors have good humidity response and repeatability, and the performances of the Love wave sensors are better than those of the Rayleigh wave sensors at room temperature. Moreover, the theoretical calculations of the mass sensitivity of the sensors are a/so carried out and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental measurements.展开更多
We found an error in our previous report [Chin. Phys. Lett. 26（2009）077809] concerning the JCPDS data which was used to compare with our data. It should read as JCPDS No 21-1272 （α = 3.7850A, c = 9.5140A, c/α = 2...We found an error in our previous report [Chin. Phys. Lett. 26（2009）077809] concerning the JCPDS data which was used to compare with our data. It should read as JCPDS No 21-1272 （α = 3.7850A, c = 9.5140A, c/α = 2.5140, and V = 136.30A^3）,展开更多
A confocally and coaxially arranged pair of focused transmitter and receiver represents one of the best geometries for medical ultrasonic imaging and non-invasive detection. We develop a simple theoretical model for d...A confocally and coaxially arranged pair of focused transmitter and receiver represents one of the best geometries for medical ultrasonic imaging and non-invasive detection. We develop a simple theoretical model for describing the nonlinear propagation of a confocal ultrasonic beam in biological tissues. On the basis of the parabolic approximation and quasi-linear approximation, the nonlinear Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov （KZK） equation is solved by using the angular spectrum approach. Gaussian superposition technique is applied to simplify the solution, and an analytical solution for the second harmonics in the confocal ultrasonic beam is presented. Measurements are performed to examine the validity of the theoretical model. This model provides a preliminary model for acoustic nonlinear microscopy.展开更多
The Ag-doping effects on Ti02 nanoparticles are investigated by means of x-ray diffraction （XRD） and Raman scattering spectroscopy. XRD and Raman results indicate that Ag-doping stabilizes the rutile phase in TiO2. ...The Ag-doping effects on Ti02 nanoparticles are investigated by means of x-ray diffraction （XRD） and Raman scattering spectroscopy. XRD and Raman results indicate that Ag-doping stabilizes the rutile phase in TiO2. We find an Ag-doping induced lattice expansion in both anatase and rutile phases. The Ag-doping has different influences on the lattice distortion for anatase and rutile phases, that is, the e/a-value for the anatase phase decreases with 0.5% Ag-doping and then increases with 1~ Ag-doping while that for the rutile phase shows a gradual increase with increasing Ag-doping. We have ascribed the different variations of lattice distortion due to Ag-doping to the change of interracial interaction between the anatase and rutile phases induced by different Ag concentrations.展开更多
Rayleigh wave hydrogen sensors based on 128∘YX-LiNbO_(3) substrates with WO_(3) sensing layers operating at room temperature are studied.The experimental results indicate that the WO_(3) layers obtained by a sol-gel ...Rayleigh wave hydrogen sensors based on 128∘YX-LiNbO_(3) substrates with WO_(3) sensing layers operating at room temperature are studied.The experimental results indicate that the WO_(3) layers obtained by a sol-gel method have much higher sensitivities because the sensing layers produced by the sol-gel method have small grains and high roughness and porosity.It is also confirmed that in the sol-gel method,keeping WO_(3) solutions at low temperature and/or decreasing the viscosity of the solutions can decrease the grain sizes and increase the hydrogen-absorbability of the sensing layer.Under the optimized preparation conditions,the high sensitivity of the hydrogen sensors at room temperature is obtained,in which 1%hydrogen in natural air induces the frequency shift of 72 kHz at the operating frequency of 124.2 MHz.展开更多
Subharmonics or ultraharmonics provides better contrast-to-tissue ratio (CTR) than the fundamental or the second harmonics, having prospective application in medical diagnosis. In this paper, subharmonic and ultra-har...Subharmonics or ultraharmonics provides better contrast-to-tissue ratio (CTR) than the fundamental or the second harmonics, having prospective application in medical diagnosis. In this paper, subharmonic and ultra-harmonic emissions are theoretically studied through nonlinear oscillation of encapsulated bubbles. The optimized frequencies for emissions of the subharmonics and ultra-harmonics are discussed. In addition, sound pressure de-pendences of the subharmonics and ultraharmonics are studied in theory as well as in measurement. Results reveal that the developments of both subharmonics and ultrahar-monics have the same trend, i.e. occurrence, growth and saturation, but the generation of ultraharmonic is a little earlier than that of subharmonic.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2004CB719800) and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20030284024)
文摘In this paper, the authors present the transmission line (TL) realization of one-dimensional subwavelength resonator formed by a pair of conventional right-handed material (RHM) and left-handed material (LHM). In such resonator, a novel reso- nant mode with the resonant frequency depending on the length ratio of the RH/LH TL sections occurs as a consequence of the full phase compensation due to the backward wave in the LH TL section. The theoretical circuit-model analyses are supported by simulation and experimental evidence on resonators with different RH/LH length ratios.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10774074, and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant No BK2007725.
文摘A model of high-overtone bulk acoustic resonators is used to study the effects of thickness deviation of elastic plates on resonance frequency spectra in planar multi-layered systems. The resonance frequency shifts induced by the thickness deviations of the elastic plates periodically vary with the resonance order, which depends on the acoustic impedance ratios of the elastic plates to piezoelectric patches. Additionally, the center lines of the frequency shift oscillations linearly change with the orders of the resonance modes, and their slopes are sensitive to the thickness deviations of the plates, which can be used to quantitatively evaluate the thickness deviations.
基金Project supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China (Grant No 06-0450)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10774071)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No BK2007518)
文摘This article theoretically studies the influence of inhomogeneous abdominal walls on focused therapeutic ultrasound based on the phase screen model. An inhomogeneous tissue is considered as a combination of a homogeneous medium and a phase aberration screen. Variations of acoustic parameters such as peak positive pressure, peak negative pressure, and acoustic intensity are discussed with respect to the phase screen statistics of human abdominal walls. Results indicate that the abdominal wall can result in energy loss of the sound in the focal plane. For a typical human abdominal wall with correlation length of 7.9 mm and variance of 0.36, the peak acoustic intensity radiated from a 1MHz transmitter with a radius of 30 mm can be reduced by about 14% at the focal plane.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10574073.
文摘A new hybrid inversion method for depth profiling reconstruction of thermal conductivities of inhomogeneous solids is proposed based on multilayer quadrupole formalism of thermal waves, particle swarm optimization and sequential quadratic programming. The reconstruction simulations for several thermal conductivity profiles are performed to evaluate the applicability of the method. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the precision and insensitivity to noise of the inversion method are very satisfactory.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10874083
文摘As a result of the nonlinear effect, acoustic streaming has been widely used for increasing the transport coefficient or driving a rotor, for example, in resonant cavities and non-contact ultrasonic motors. It has been demonstrated by experiments that a temperature gradient transverse to the wave propagating direction can significantly increase the velocity of the streaming flows in resonant cavities. To check whether the transverse temperature gradient can also increase the working velocity of acoustic streaming-driven motors, we investigate this issue by numerically solving the hydrodynamic equations. It is found that the velocity of the rotor only weakly depends on the transverse temperature gradient, e.g., even with a temperature difference of 40℃ between the rotor and the stator, the velocity increases only -8.8%.
基金Supported by the Project for New Century Excellent Talents in University, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10474044.
文摘Nonlinear effect on focusing gain of acoustic field radiated from a 1-MHz focusing transmitter with a wide aperture angle of 35° is theoretically and experimentally investigated. With the enhancement of nonlinearity, the focusing gains of both intensity and peak positive pressure show non-monotonic behaviour. There exist the same saturated levels at which the maximum outputs are reached and their spatial distributions are more localized. In contrast, the peak negative pressure always decreases monotonically and its spatial distribution is less localized.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB707900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81127901,11174141,61072027,and 11374155)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BE2011110)
文摘Exploring new acoustic parameters is essential to develop a noninvasive imaging technique for the surgery of silicone oil tamponades. In this study, the acoustic nonlinearity parameters B/A of varied silicone oil samples （e.g., linear or hyper-branched） are experimentally measured by using a modified thermodynamic method. The results show that： （i） when the concentration of the silicone oil with a molecular weight of 5 × 10^4 increases from 0.5 g/100 ml to 8 g/100 ml, the corresponding B/A value increases by about 18%, but the acoustic velocity only increases by about 0.1%; （ii） when the molecular weight of the hyper-branched silicone oil is enhanced from 2 × 10^5 to 1 × 10^6, the B/A value increases by about 22%, while the acoustic velocity is only raised by about 0.2%. This study suggests that the B/A parameter of the silicone oil is more sensitive to the change in its molecular structure than that of the acoustic velocity. Thus, the B/A parameter might be utilized as an effective index for the development and optimization of the noninvasive imaging of the surgery of silicone oil tamponades.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB921504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(GrantNos.11374154,10904067,and 11174142)+2 种基金the Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20090091120050)the PriorityAcademic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,Chinathe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Ministryof Education of China(Grant No.1101020402)
文摘Nonlinear impedances of two thermoacoustic stacks with ordered structures （plate-type and pipe-type） and one with a disordered structure （copper mesh） are studied. The linear resistances, nonlinear coefficients and effective acoustic masses of the stacks are extracted from the experimental results based on an analogical model of nonlinear impedances of porous materials. The resistance and nonlinear coefficient of the disordered stack are found to be much larger than those of the ordered stacks, which have similar volume porosities. In the ordered stacks, the resistance is only marginally influenced by the length of the stack, while in the disordered stack, the resistance increases significantly with the length. These charac- teristics of the impedances of ordered and disordered stacks are explained with the minor loss theory and the tortuosity of a stack.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10574071 and 10374041, the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education under Grant No 107051, and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Chinese University under Grant No NECT-04-045.
文摘We investigate the photoinduced effects on the electronic structure for half-metallic ferromagnet CrO2 （Tc 390 K）, in which the conducting electrons are totally polarized, by using the LSDA＋U method. A significant change is found for the band structure and the density of states （DOS） for CrO2 under photo-excitation, especially for the Cr 3dt2g band： disappearance of the spin-split band, suggesting collapse of the half-metallic state. We ascribe the change of electronic structure under photo-excitation to the wider one-electron band W via the strong hybridization of the down-spin Cr 3d and O 2p states. Furthermore we discuss the magnetic properties under photo-excitation.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2010CB732600 andNational Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10974093,11011130201 and 10904094 and Key Lab of Acoustics。
文摘Sub-harmonic contrast imaging promises to improve ultrasound imaging quality by taking advantage of increased contrast to tissue signal.The aim of this study is to examine the hysteretic nonlinearity of sub-harmonic component emitted from microbubbles.Two kinds of microbubble solutions,i.e.Sonovue■and a self-developed contrast agent,are utilized in the study.The hysteretic curves for increasing and decreasing acoustic pressure are theoretically predicted by the Marmottant model and confirmed by measurements.The results reveal that for both microbubble solutions,the development of the rising ramp undergoes three stages,i.e.occurrence,growth and saturation;while hysteresis effect appears in the descending ramp.Sono Vue■microbubbles exhibit better sub-harmonic performance over the self-developed UCAs microbubbles due to the difference of elastic properties of the shell.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10774074 and 10874083.
文摘A new kind of non-contact linear actuator （motor） driven by surface acoustic waves （SAWs） is presented, in which the stators are made from SAW delay lines using 128° YX-LiNbO3 substrates. A fluid layer is introduced between the slider and the stator of the actuator, and the slider is a circular aluminum disk suspended on the surface of the liquid （water） layer. As the SAW is excited on the stator, the SAW is converted to a leaky wave in the interface of the stator and the liquid, and then propagates into the liquid. Owing to the nonlinear effect of wave propagation, acoustic streaming is generated, which pushes the slider to move. By the experiments, the relations between the slider velocity and the experimental parameters, such as the exciting voltage of the SAWs, the thickness and the kinematic viscosity of the liquid layer, are obtained.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10904067 and 10774074, and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Programme of Higher Education of China under Grant No 20090091120050.
文摘The influence of the nonlinearity of electrodynamic loudspeakers on the performance of thermoacoustic refrigerators with the loudspeakers as acoustic sources is studied by nonlinear equivalent circuit models of electrodynamic loudspeakers driven by current and voltage. The simulated results demonstrate that there are different nonlinear effects between current-drive and voltage-drive refrigerators, and the differences are mainly induced by the motional electromotive force caused by the coil moving in the magnetic field. With voltage driving, the influence of the nonlinearity of the loudspeaker on the diaphragm displacement and acoustic output power is much smaller than that with current driving. Therefore, considering the nonlinearity of the loudspeakers, a proper driving method must be chosen according to the practical applications although little difference is found with the linear models.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10874088, 10874087 and 10574071, and the Key Project of the Ministry of Education of China under Grant No 107051.
文摘We present a systematic study on the extraordinary resonant scattering in imperfect acoustic cloak by means of acoustic scattering theory. Analysis results demonstrate that the resonances are inevitable due to the perturbation to the ideal clo^k, and specific resonance modes are excited by specific order waves. The strength of resonance is determined by the magnitude of perturbation and each order wave＇s sensitivity to the perturbation. Further studies reveal the unique scattering characters of different resonance modes.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No.2012CB921504the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10904067 and 11174142+1 种基金the Ph.D.Program of the Ministry of Education of China under Grant No.20090091120050the PAPD of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Tubular acoustic metamaterials with negative densities composed of periodical membranes set up along pipes are studied with the fluid impedance theory.In addition to the conventional forbidden bands induced by the Bragg-scattering due to the periodic distributions of different acoustic impedances,the low-frequency forbidden band(LFB)with the low-frequency limit of zero Hertz is studied,in which the LFB is explained with acoustic impedance matching and the Bloch theory.Furthermore,the influences of the structural parameters of the tubular acoustic metamaterials on the transmission characteristics,such as the transmission coefficients,dispersion curves,widths of forbidden and pass bands,fluctuations in pass bands,etc.,are evaluated,which can be used in the optimization of the acoustic insulation ability of the metamaterials.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11174142,11304160 and 11404147the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2012CB921504+2 种基金the PAPD Projectthe Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China under Grant No 13KJB140008the Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications under Grant No NY213018
文摘ZnO films on R-sapphire substrates are prepared and characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, which indicate that the thin films are well crystallized with （1120） texture. Love wave and Rayleigh wave are used for fabrications of humidity sensors, which are excited in [1100] and [0001] directions of the （1120） ZnO piezoelectric films, respectively. The experimental results show that both kinds of sensors have good humidity response and repeatability, and the performances of the Love wave sensors are better than those of the Rayleigh wave sensors at room temperature. Moreover, the theoretical calculations of the mass sensitivity of the sensors are a/so carried out and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental measurements.
文摘We found an error in our previous report [Chin. Phys. Lett. 26（2009）077809] concerning the JCPDS data which was used to compare with our data. It should read as JCPDS No 21-1272 （α = 3.7850A, c = 9.5140A, c/α = 2.5140, and V = 136.30A^3）,
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10204014 and 10474044.
文摘A confocally and coaxially arranged pair of focused transmitter and receiver represents one of the best geometries for medical ultrasonic imaging and non-invasive detection. We develop a simple theoretical model for describing the nonlinear propagation of a confocal ultrasonic beam in biological tissues. On the basis of the parabolic approximation and quasi-linear approximation, the nonlinear Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov （KZK） equation is solved by using the angular spectrum approach. Gaussian superposition technique is applied to simplify the solution, and an analytical solution for the second harmonics in the confocal ultrasonic beam is presented. Measurements are performed to examine the validity of the theoretical model. This model provides a preliminary model for acoustic nonlinear microscopy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10874088 and 10874087, the Key Project of the Ministry of Education of China under Grant No 107051, the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No 200802840032, and State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi＇an Jiaotong University （EIPE09202）.
文摘The Ag-doping effects on Ti02 nanoparticles are investigated by means of x-ray diffraction （XRD） and Raman scattering spectroscopy. XRD and Raman results indicate that Ag-doping stabilizes the rutile phase in TiO2. We find an Ag-doping induced lattice expansion in both anatase and rutile phases. The Ag-doping has different influences on the lattice distortion for anatase and rutile phases, that is, the e/a-value for the anatase phase decreases with 0.5% Ag-doping and then increases with 1~ Ag-doping while that for the rutile phase shows a gradual increase with increasing Ag-doping. We have ascribed the different variations of lattice distortion due to Ag-doping to the change of interracial interaction between the anatase and rutile phases induced by different Ag concentrations.
基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11174142,and the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2012CB921504.
文摘Rayleigh wave hydrogen sensors based on 128∘YX-LiNbO_(3) substrates with WO_(3) sensing layers operating at room temperature are studied.The experimental results indicate that the WO_(3) layers obtained by a sol-gel method have much higher sensitivities because the sensing layers produced by the sol-gel method have small grains and high roughness and porosity.It is also confirmed that in the sol-gel method,keeping WO_(3) solutions at low temperature and/or decreasing the viscosity of the solutions can decrease the grain sizes and increase the hydrogen-absorbability of the sensing layer.Under the optimized preparation conditions,the high sensitivity of the hydrogen sensors at room temperature is obtained,in which 1%hydrogen in natural air induces the frequency shift of 72 kHz at the operating frequency of 124.2 MHz.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10074033 and 10274032)the N ational Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2004081)SRF for ROCS.SEM.and TWAS(No.03-390).
文摘Subharmonics or ultraharmonics provides better contrast-to-tissue ratio (CTR) than the fundamental or the second harmonics, having prospective application in medical diagnosis. In this paper, subharmonic and ultra-harmonic emissions are theoretically studied through nonlinear oscillation of encapsulated bubbles. The optimized frequencies for emissions of the subharmonics and ultra-harmonics are discussed. In addition, sound pressure de-pendences of the subharmonics and ultraharmonics are studied in theory as well as in measurement. Results reveal that the developments of both subharmonics and ultrahar-monics have the same trend, i.e. occurrence, growth and saturation, but the generation of ultraharmonic is a little earlier than that of subharmonic.
