The study of gene function in filamentous fungi is a field of research that has made great advances in very recent years. A number of transformation and gene manipulation strategies have been developed and applied to ...The study of gene function in filamentous fungi is a field of research that has made great advances in very recent years. A number of transformation and gene manipulation strategies have been developed and applied to a diverse and rapidly expanding list of economically important filamentous fungi and oomycetes. With the significant number of fungal genomes now sequenced or being sequenced, functional genomics promises to uncover a great deal of new information in coming years. This review discusses recent advances that have been made in examining gene function in filamentous fungi and describes the advantages and limitations of the different approaches.展开更多
The use of solid state carbothermic reduction as a precursor to the smelting of transition metal ores was examined . The advantages of the introduction of a prereduction stage include enabling the more efficient use o...The use of solid state carbothermic reduction as a precursor to the smelting of transition metal ores was examined . The advantages of the introduction of a prereduction stage include enabling the more efficient use of fines and the achievement of higher energy efficiencies. A solid state reduction using carbon as the reductant offers a simpler alternative for their treatment. Subsequent treatment of the reduced material could include intensive bath smelting to produce ferroalloys or, in some case, solid state separation of the transition metal carbide where this has commercial significance.展开更多
The heat transfer phenomena and driving forces of slag bath flow in ESR process were analyzed, and the mathematical models in ESR system were reviewed and evaluated. The electromagnetic force is the main driving force...The heat transfer phenomena and driving forces of slag bath flow in ESR process were analyzed, and the mathematical models in ESR system were reviewed and evaluated. The electromagnetic force is the main driving force for the flow formation in the ESR slag pool, and the temperature difference in the pool creates a convective flow in the system. The shape of the electrode tip has an effect on electromagnetic field distribution in slag pool, thus affects the flow pattern. Finally an improved mathematical model of slag pool flow was proposed.展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to identify School and University support services available and accessed by nursing students transitioning into a university environment as many struggle to adjust to competing demands of ...Objectives:This study aimed to identify School and University support services available and accessed by nursing students transitioning into a university environment as many struggle to adjust to competing demands of personal commitments and expectations at university.Methods:A mixed methods design was used,based on activity theory and Lizzio's Five Senses of Success frameworks as exploratory guides.This study was conducted amongst the first year cohort at one campus of the Bachelor of Nursing(BN)program in Queensland,Australia.An initial baseline assessment of what University and School-based support services were on offer for students,and how the students interacted with the support services was conducted.This was followed by a survey to identify awareness and access to support services.Focus groups were then conducted to clarify the previous results and to determine engagement with these support services.Results:A randomly selected number of students(n=150)in the first-year 2014 cohort of the BN program(n=300)were included in this study.The survey was completed by 54 students and three semistructured focus groups were conducted.The analysis indicated that the support services in place were successful in reaching the majority of students and contributed to their sense of success at university,Specifically students identified that a whole cohort approach to support enhanced their transition to university.Conclusion:Identifying lesser known services early in the first year will ensure that students are supported and encouraged to use all services,contributing to their sense of success at university.展开更多
A study using detached-leaves aimed to improve selection method. The improving method was done by scoring both disease symptom and lesion size. The research was begun by selecting agar concentration and dose of conidi...A study using detached-leaves aimed to improve selection method. The improving method was done by scoring both disease symptom and lesion size. The research was begun by selecting agar concentration and dose of conidia that could distinguish response of very susceptible or resistant chickpea genotype. The result was used to determine disease severity (DS) and disease incident (DI) of eight genotypes that were previously tested in the field. Results of the tested agar concentration and dose of conidia showed that 1.5% and 2% agar were good to determine susceptible or resistant genotype;while 1 × 105 or 5 × 104 conidia dose was suitable for inoculation. The formula of DS (no. of leaflets in category × category value/Total no. of leaflets ×10) × 100, and DI (no. leaflets with pycnidial lesions + no. leaflets with necrotic lesions)/Total no. of leaflets × 100 successfully measured genotype response. The lesions development on detached leaves of the susceptible cultivar (Lasseter) began as circular, pale-colored areas, extending to the area covered by the drop of inoculum, then became light brown and finally dark brown. However, the response of resistant line (FLIP508) was restricted in area (and often confined to a tiny speck) surrounded by chlorosis or drying of the tissue.展开更多
Dogs were the first animal to become domesticated by humans,and they represent a classic model system for unraveling the processes of domestication.We compare Australian dingo eye contact and socialization with Basenj...Dogs were the first animal to become domesticated by humans,and they represent a classic model system for unraveling the processes of domestication.We compare Australian dingo eye contact and socialization with Basenji and German Shepherd dog(GSD)breeds.Australian dingoes arrived in Australia 5,000–8,000 BP,and there is debate whether they were domesticated before their arrival.The Basenji represents a primitive breed that diverged from the remaining breeds early in the domestication process,while GSDs are a breed dog selected from existing domestic dogs in the late 1800s.We conducted a 4-phase study with unfamiliar and familiar investigators either sitting passively or actively calling each canid.We found 75%of dingoes made eye contact in each phase.In contrast,86%of Basenjis and 96%of GSDs made eye contact.Dingoes also exhibited shorter eye-gaze duration than breed dogs and did not respond to their name being called actively.Sociability,quantified as a canid coming within 1m of the experimenter,was lowest for dingoes and highest for GSDs.For sociability duration,dingoes spent less time within 1m of the experimenter than either breed dog.When compared with previous studies,these data show that the dingo is behaviorally intermediate between wild wolves and Basenji dogs and suggest that it was not domesticated before it arrived in Australia.However,it remains possible that the accumulation of mutations since colonization has obscured historical behaviors,and dingoes now exist in a feralized retamed cycle.Additional morphological and genetic data are required to resolve this conundrum.展开更多
Very little is known about shared decision making (SDM) in residential aged care, despite world-wide policy and imperatives that encourage resident choice and autonomy. This paper provides a framework synthesis of SDM...Very little is known about shared decision making (SDM) in residential aged care, despite world-wide policy and imperatives that encourage resident choice and autonomy. This paper provides a framework synthesis of SDM in residential aged care (RAC) and potential barriers and enablers to implement SDM utilising a theoretical framework of implementation. A review of the literature on SDM in RAC from 2005 to 2016 was undertaken, using MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, PsychINFO and Scopus. The articles were synthesised by utilising an implementation theory framework to better understand what may facilitate or hinder the introduction of SDM. Eighteen studies were identified and analysed to determine barriers and enablers to SDM in RAC from the perspectives of staff, residents and relatives. A workplace culture of person-centred care and judicious use of research evidence are enablers of SDM. There is a potential need for additional resources, such as education for staff and families to enable implementation of SDM. Implementation of any health care intervention, including SDM, relies on many complex factors but these are predominantly related to capacity. Determining current uptake and readiness of RAC organisations, residents and their families to adopt SDM is an essential starting point.展开更多
With the growing concern about the security and privacy of smart grid systems,cyberattacks on critical power grid components,such as state estimation,have proven to be one of the top-priority cyber-related issues and ...With the growing concern about the security and privacy of smart grid systems,cyberattacks on critical power grid components,such as state estimation,have proven to be one of the top-priority cyber-related issues and have received significant attention in recent years.However,cyberattack detection in smart grids now faces new challenges,including privacy preservation and decentralized power zones with strategic data owners.To address these technical bottlenecks,this paper proposes a novel Federated Learning-based privacy-preserving and communication-efficient attack detection framework,known as FedDiSC,that enables Discrimination between power System disturbances and Cyberattacks.Specifically,we first propose a Federated Learning approach to enable Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition subsystems of decentralized power grid zones to collaboratively train an attack detection model without sharing sensitive power related data.Secondly,we put forward a representation learning-based Deep Auto-Encoder network to accurately detect power system and cybersecurity anomalies.Lastly,to adapt our proposed framework to the timeliness of real-world cyberattack detection in SGs,we leverage the use of a gradient privacy-preserving quantization scheme known as DP-SIGNSGD to improve its communication efficiency.Extensive simulations of the proposed framework on publicly available Industrial Control Systems datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework can achieve superior detection accuracy while preserving the privacy of sensitive power grid related information.Furthermore,we find that the gradient quantization scheme utilized improves communication efficiency by 40%when compared to a traditional federated learning approach without gradient quantization which suggests suitability in a real-world scenario.展开更多
A weight of evidence is a calibrated statistic whose values in [0, 1]indicate the degree of agreement between the data and either of two hypothesis, one being treated asthe null (H_0) and the other as the alternative ...A weight of evidence is a calibrated statistic whose values in [0, 1]indicate the degree of agreement between the data and either of two hypothesis, one being treated asthe null (H_0) and the other as the alternative (H_1). A value of zero means perfect agreement withthe null, whereas a value of one means perfect agreement with the alternative. The optimality weconsider is minimal mean squared error (MSE) under the alternative while keeping the MSE under thenull below a fixed bound. This paper studies such statistics from a conditional point of view, inparticular for location and scale models.展开更多
Aim:The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of voluntary movements in patients with spinal cord injury(SCI)post intensive whole-body training vs.upper body training with brain motor control assessment(BMCA).Me...Aim:The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of voluntary movements in patients with spinal cord injury(SCI)post intensive whole-body training vs.upper body training with brain motor control assessment(BMCA).Methods:Twelve neurologically intact participants and 18 patients with SCI participated in this study as part of a multi-centre randomised controlled trial.All participants received 12 weeks training(three times per week),which comprised trunk,upper and lower limb exercises and locomotor training and functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling in whole-body training group and an upper body strength and fitness program for upper body training group.Results:Generalised linear model analysis showed significant effect of the main effect of the Task(P<0.001)on the similarity index of voluntary movement patterns but not on the other factors or the interactions between them(P>0.05).Some participants showed significant improvement in muscle strength post 12 weeks training;however,this improvement was not reflected in the pattern of muscle activation which was captured by BMCA.Conclusion:BMCA is a valuable objective assessment tool that could add resolution to the clinical evaluation of patients with SCI post different therapeutic techniques.展开更多
文摘The study of gene function in filamentous fungi is a field of research that has made great advances in very recent years. A number of transformation and gene manipulation strategies have been developed and applied to a diverse and rapidly expanding list of economically important filamentous fungi and oomycetes. With the significant number of fungal genomes now sequenced or being sequenced, functional genomics promises to uncover a great deal of new information in coming years. This review discusses recent advances that have been made in examining gene function in filamentous fungi and describes the advantages and limitations of the different approaches.
文摘The use of solid state carbothermic reduction as a precursor to the smelting of transition metal ores was examined . The advantages of the introduction of a prereduction stage include enabling the more efficient use of fines and the achievement of higher energy efficiencies. A solid state reduction using carbon as the reductant offers a simpler alternative for their treatment. Subsequent treatment of the reduced material could include intensive bath smelting to produce ferroalloys or, in some case, solid state separation of the transition metal carbide where this has commercial significance.
基金Project Sponsored by National Nature Science Foundation(59674031)
文摘The heat transfer phenomena and driving forces of slag bath flow in ESR process were analyzed, and the mathematical models in ESR system were reviewed and evaluated. The electromagnetic force is the main driving force for the flow formation in the ESR slag pool, and the temperature difference in the pool creates a convective flow in the system. The shape of the electrode tip has an effect on electromagnetic field distribution in slag pool, thus affects the flow pattern. Finally an improved mathematical model of slag pool flow was proposed.
基金supported by the Griffith University Grants for Teaching and Learning for the project,"Building Academic Capacity in the Bachelor of Nursing:Developing a Scholarship of Learning and Teaching in a Nursing Education Community of Practice."
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to identify School and University support services available and accessed by nursing students transitioning into a university environment as many struggle to adjust to competing demands of personal commitments and expectations at university.Methods:A mixed methods design was used,based on activity theory and Lizzio's Five Senses of Success frameworks as exploratory guides.This study was conducted amongst the first year cohort at one campus of the Bachelor of Nursing(BN)program in Queensland,Australia.An initial baseline assessment of what University and School-based support services were on offer for students,and how the students interacted with the support services was conducted.This was followed by a survey to identify awareness and access to support services.Focus groups were then conducted to clarify the previous results and to determine engagement with these support services.Results:A randomly selected number of students(n=150)in the first-year 2014 cohort of the BN program(n=300)were included in this study.The survey was completed by 54 students and three semistructured focus groups were conducted.The analysis indicated that the support services in place were successful in reaching the majority of students and contributed to their sense of success at university,Specifically students identified that a whole cohort approach to support enhanced their transition to university.Conclusion:Identifying lesser known services early in the first year will ensure that students are supported and encouraged to use all services,contributing to their sense of success at university.
文摘A study using detached-leaves aimed to improve selection method. The improving method was done by scoring both disease symptom and lesion size. The research was begun by selecting agar concentration and dose of conidia that could distinguish response of very susceptible or resistant chickpea genotype. The result was used to determine disease severity (DS) and disease incident (DI) of eight genotypes that were previously tested in the field. Results of the tested agar concentration and dose of conidia showed that 1.5% and 2% agar were good to determine susceptible or resistant genotype;while 1 × 105 or 5 × 104 conidia dose was suitable for inoculation. The formula of DS (no. of leaflets in category × category value/Total no. of leaflets ×10) × 100, and DI (no. leaflets with pycnidial lesions + no. leaflets with necrotic lesions)/Total no. of leaflets × 100 successfully measured genotype response. The lesions development on detached leaves of the susceptible cultivar (Lasseter) began as circular, pale-colored areas, extending to the area covered by the drop of inoculum, then became light brown and finally dark brown. However, the response of resistant line (FLIP508) was restricted in area (and often confined to a tiny speck) surrounded by chlorosis or drying of the tissue.
基金supported by Australian Research Council Discover Project 150102038.
文摘Dogs were the first animal to become domesticated by humans,and they represent a classic model system for unraveling the processes of domestication.We compare Australian dingo eye contact and socialization with Basenji and German Shepherd dog(GSD)breeds.Australian dingoes arrived in Australia 5,000–8,000 BP,and there is debate whether they were domesticated before their arrival.The Basenji represents a primitive breed that diverged from the remaining breeds early in the domestication process,while GSDs are a breed dog selected from existing domestic dogs in the late 1800s.We conducted a 4-phase study with unfamiliar and familiar investigators either sitting passively or actively calling each canid.We found 75%of dingoes made eye contact in each phase.In contrast,86%of Basenjis and 96%of GSDs made eye contact.Dingoes also exhibited shorter eye-gaze duration than breed dogs and did not respond to their name being called actively.Sociability,quantified as a canid coming within 1m of the experimenter,was lowest for dingoes and highest for GSDs.For sociability duration,dingoes spent less time within 1m of the experimenter than either breed dog.When compared with previous studies,these data show that the dingo is behaviorally intermediate between wild wolves and Basenji dogs and suggest that it was not domesticated before it arrived in Australia.However,it remains possible that the accumulation of mutations since colonization has obscured historical behaviors,and dingoes now exist in a feralized retamed cycle.Additional morphological and genetic data are required to resolve this conundrum.
文摘Very little is known about shared decision making (SDM) in residential aged care, despite world-wide policy and imperatives that encourage resident choice and autonomy. This paper provides a framework synthesis of SDM in residential aged care (RAC) and potential barriers and enablers to implement SDM utilising a theoretical framework of implementation. A review of the literature on SDM in RAC from 2005 to 2016 was undertaken, using MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, PsychINFO and Scopus. The articles were synthesised by utilising an implementation theory framework to better understand what may facilitate or hinder the introduction of SDM. Eighteen studies were identified and analysed to determine barriers and enablers to SDM in RAC from the perspectives of staff, residents and relatives. A workplace culture of person-centred care and judicious use of research evidence are enablers of SDM. There is a potential need for additional resources, such as education for staff and families to enable implementation of SDM. Implementation of any health care intervention, including SDM, relies on many complex factors but these are predominantly related to capacity. Determining current uptake and readiness of RAC organisations, residents and their families to adopt SDM is an essential starting point.
文摘With the growing concern about the security and privacy of smart grid systems,cyberattacks on critical power grid components,such as state estimation,have proven to be one of the top-priority cyber-related issues and have received significant attention in recent years.However,cyberattack detection in smart grids now faces new challenges,including privacy preservation and decentralized power zones with strategic data owners.To address these technical bottlenecks,this paper proposes a novel Federated Learning-based privacy-preserving and communication-efficient attack detection framework,known as FedDiSC,that enables Discrimination between power System disturbances and Cyberattacks.Specifically,we first propose a Federated Learning approach to enable Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition subsystems of decentralized power grid zones to collaboratively train an attack detection model without sharing sensitive power related data.Secondly,we put forward a representation learning-based Deep Auto-Encoder network to accurately detect power system and cybersecurity anomalies.Lastly,to adapt our proposed framework to the timeliness of real-world cyberattack detection in SGs,we leverage the use of a gradient privacy-preserving quantization scheme known as DP-SIGNSGD to improve its communication efficiency.Extensive simulations of the proposed framework on publicly available Industrial Control Systems datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework can achieve superior detection accuracy while preserving the privacy of sensitive power grid related information.Furthermore,we find that the gradient quantization scheme utilized improves communication efficiency by 40%when compared to a traditional federated learning approach without gradient quantization which suggests suitability in a real-world scenario.
基金Supported in part by a grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation.
文摘A weight of evidence is a calibrated statistic whose values in [0, 1]indicate the degree of agreement between the data and either of two hypothesis, one being treated asthe null (H_0) and the other as the alternative (H_1). A value of zero means perfect agreement withthe null, whereas a value of one means perfect agreement with the alternative. The optimality weconsider is minimal mean squared error (MSE) under the alternative while keeping the MSE under thenull below a fixed bound. This paper studies such statistics from a conditional point of view, inparticular for location and scale models.
基金The study was funded by the Transport Accident Commission(Victorian Neurotrauma Initiative),and the University of Melbourne
文摘Aim:The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of voluntary movements in patients with spinal cord injury(SCI)post intensive whole-body training vs.upper body training with brain motor control assessment(BMCA).Methods:Twelve neurologically intact participants and 18 patients with SCI participated in this study as part of a multi-centre randomised controlled trial.All participants received 12 weeks training(three times per week),which comprised trunk,upper and lower limb exercises and locomotor training and functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling in whole-body training group and an upper body strength and fitness program for upper body training group.Results:Generalised linear model analysis showed significant effect of the main effect of the Task(P<0.001)on the similarity index of voluntary movement patterns but not on the other factors or the interactions between them(P>0.05).Some participants showed significant improvement in muscle strength post 12 weeks training;however,this improvement was not reflected in the pattern of muscle activation which was captured by BMCA.Conclusion:BMCA is a valuable objective assessment tool that could add resolution to the clinical evaluation of patients with SCI post different therapeutic techniques.
