Glioblastoma(GBM)represents the main form of brain tumors in adults,and one of the most aggressive cancers overall.The treatment of GBM is a combination of surgery(when possible),chemotherapy(usually Temozolomide,TMZ)...Glioblastoma(GBM)represents the main form of brain tumors in adults,and one of the most aggressive cancers overall.The treatment of GBM is a combination of surgery(when possible),chemotherapy(usually Temozolomide,TMZ)and radiotherapy(RT).However,despite this heavy treatment,GBM invariably recur and the median length of survival following diagnosis is 12 to 15 months,with less than 10%of people surviving longer than five years.GBM is extremely resistant to most treatments because of its heterogeneous nature,which is associated with extreme clonal plasticity and the presence of cancer stem cells,refractory to TMZ-and RT-induced cell death.In this review,we explore the mechanisms by which cancer cells,and especially GBM,can acquire resistance to treatment.We describe and discuss the concept of persister/tolerant cells that precede and/or accompany the acquisition of resistance.Persister/tolerant cells are cancer cells that are not eliminated by treatment(s)because of different mechanisms ranging from dormancy/quiescence to senescence.We discuss the possibility of targeting these mechanisms in new therapeutic regimen.展开更多
LncRNAs are defined as RNA transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length that have no or limited protein-coding potential.Basal expression of lncRNAs appeared important for various homeostatic processes,like gene...LncRNAs are defined as RNA transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length that have no or limited protein-coding potential.Basal expression of lncRNAs appeared important for various homeostatic processes,like gene imprinting cell differentiation and organogenesis.Moreover,it has been demonstrated that lncRNAs play an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis.Some lncRNAs were stably detected in exosomes,which are widely found in body fluids.Several studies validated the use of exosomal lncRNAs as minimally invasive diagnostic and prognostic markers in several types of cancers.In addition,exosomal lncRNAs have been associated with drug resistance of tumor cells,suggesting a clinical application in cancer-targeted therapy.Despite the recent increase of studies on exosomal lncRNAs,their clinical significance in cancer diagnosis,prognosis and treatment needs to be fully explored.The methodologies for their detection with high purity and accuracy must be also improved in order to implement their use in clinical routine.This review aims to summarize the main recent technologies available for the isolation of exosomal lncRNAs,their status as a liquid biopsy as well as their future perspectives.展开更多
文摘Glioblastoma(GBM)represents the main form of brain tumors in adults,and one of the most aggressive cancers overall.The treatment of GBM is a combination of surgery(when possible),chemotherapy(usually Temozolomide,TMZ)and radiotherapy(RT).However,despite this heavy treatment,GBM invariably recur and the median length of survival following diagnosis is 12 to 15 months,with less than 10%of people surviving longer than five years.GBM is extremely resistant to most treatments because of its heterogeneous nature,which is associated with extreme clonal plasticity and the presence of cancer stem cells,refractory to TMZ-and RT-induced cell death.In this review,we explore the mechanisms by which cancer cells,and especially GBM,can acquire resistance to treatment.We describe and discuss the concept of persister/tolerant cells that precede and/or accompany the acquisition of resistance.Persister/tolerant cells are cancer cells that are not eliminated by treatment(s)because of different mechanisms ranging from dormancy/quiescence to senescence.We discuss the possibility of targeting these mechanisms in new therapeutic regimen.
文摘LncRNAs are defined as RNA transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length that have no or limited protein-coding potential.Basal expression of lncRNAs appeared important for various homeostatic processes,like gene imprinting cell differentiation and organogenesis.Moreover,it has been demonstrated that lncRNAs play an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis.Some lncRNAs were stably detected in exosomes,which are widely found in body fluids.Several studies validated the use of exosomal lncRNAs as minimally invasive diagnostic and prognostic markers in several types of cancers.In addition,exosomal lncRNAs have been associated with drug resistance of tumor cells,suggesting a clinical application in cancer-targeted therapy.Despite the recent increase of studies on exosomal lncRNAs,their clinical significance in cancer diagnosis,prognosis and treatment needs to be fully explored.The methodologies for their detection with high purity and accuracy must be also improved in order to implement their use in clinical routine.This review aims to summarize the main recent technologies available for the isolation of exosomal lncRNAs,their status as a liquid biopsy as well as their future perspectives.
